1.

INTRODUCTION

Basically, reinforced beam can withstand more loading on it

since the tension part of
the concrete has been supported by the
strength of the steel bar. Commonly,
in any
structure, reinforced
beam is used especially for the main component of slabs,
columns,
and beams. These components are then being connected to each
other by the principle of continuous beam. The two main factors for
consideration in the design of a continuous beam are the type of load
and the strength characteristics
of the material used to construct the
beam. The reactions that occur at the supports of a simply supported
beam can be determined by analyzing only the forces applied
to the
beam.
For this reason, simple beams are known as statically
determinate. A
continuous beam has more supports than are required
to provide equilibrium, and the deformation behaviour under load is also
considered when determining the support reactions. As a result, this
type of beam is known as statically indeterminate.
The construction of a continuous beam will influence its
bending and deflection when a force is applied. Carbon steel is
commonly used for structural beams due to its high strength and
resistance to bending. Beams are also constructed using a variety of
other materials, including wood, aluminium, and concrete,
depending upon the application.
2.0

RESEARCHES

3.0

PURPOSE/PROBLEM
Based on the project, we can identify and determine few purpose
and problems. They are as follows:
Able to identify type of failure based on the design main
reinforcement of the beams.
Able to analyse the load act on the beam by bending moment
and shear force diagram drawn in Part 4.5.1.
Able to design shear for the beams so that the beam can
resist loadings that acts on the structure distributive.

4.0

PROCEDURE

From the drawing attached, we need to design a main reinforcement, shear and deflection for the
beams so that the beam can achieve all requirements of an adequate and serviceable beam for the
structure.

Following data are given.

All beam size = 300mm X 600mm

All column size = 300mm X 300mm
All footing size = 2000mm X 2000mm
All slab thickness = 125mm
Concrete strength, fck = 30 N/mm2
Steel bar strength, fyk = 550 N/mm2
Exposure condition = mild (which minimum nominal concrete cover is 20mm, if the diameter
is greater than 12mm, the nominal cover reduced by 5) Refer to Table 2 and Table 3.
Main steel = 16mm
Link size = 10mm
Nominal aggregates size = 20mm
Lean concrete dead load = 10 kN/m2
Lean concrete live load = 5 kN/m2

Few assumptions are required.

Design life = 50 years ( the recommended Structural Class is S4)

Quality control = normal

a) Compute calculation for continuous beam.

1. Loading transfer from slabs to supporting beams.
Loads or actions acting on slab transfer to supporting beams. Slabs are
transferring these actions either in one-way direction or two-way
direction. It depends on the dimension of the slabs where as the short
dimension is denoted by lx and the long dimension is denoted by ly so
that :

ly/lx 2 , hence the slab is two-way direction

ly/lx > 2 , hence the slab is one-way direction

2. Load combination
In EuroCode2, permanent action or known as dead loads (G k) and
variable action or known as live load (Qk). The combination of these
two actions will give the ultimate load (design load) as the formula
below :
WK = 1.35 GK + 1.5 QK

Solution:
From the above diagram, we can compute that:
ly = 6 m

lx = 3 m

ly/lx = 6/3 =2, so since ly/lx 2 , hence the slab is two-way

direction

WK = 1.35 GK + 1.5 QK , given that GK = 10 kN/m2 , QK = 5 kN/m2

WK = 1.35 (10) + 1.5 (5)
WK = 21 kN/m2

Load combination diagram

For a section:

lx = 3 m

ly = 6m

= 45

For whole structure:

3m

3m

6m

6m

6m

Compute the ultimate load on beam using formula:

Compute the load act on beam

Draw the envelope diagram of bending moment and shear-force

for the structure.

M = 0.11 FL
= 0.11
(346.5*6)
= 228.69

Bending Moment

M = 0.11 FL
= 0.11
(346.5*6)
= 228.69

Distance

M = 0.09 FL
= 0.09
(346.5*6)
= 187.1

M = 0.07 FL
= 0.7
(346.5*6)
= 145.53

M = 0.09 FL
= 0.09
(346.5*6)
= 187.1

Shear-Force

V = 0.45 F
= 0.45
(346.5)
= 155.9 kN

V = 0.55 F
= 0.55
(346.5)
= 190.57 kN

V = 0.6 F
= 0.6
(346.5)
= 207.9 kN
Distance

V = 0.6 F
= 0.6
(346.5)
= 207.9 kN

V = 0.55 F
= 0.55
(346.5)
= 190.57 kN

V = 0.45 F
= 0.45
(346.5)
= 155.9 kN

DESIGN FOR FLEXURE REINFORCEMENT FOR BEAMS

For flexure reinforcement, the mid-span of AB and CD are to be
designed as T-beam for sagging moment of 187.1 kN.m. So,
compute for the value of effective flange width.

beff,1

300mm

beff,2

600 mm

b1

bw

b2
b

Mid-span AB & CD

# Since the dimension is symmetry, the value for beff,2 is the same.

=564

Mid-span BC

DESIGN FOR SHEAR FOR BEAMS

5.0
6.0

DATA & RESULTS

Based on calculation in Part 4, we have obtained the value for
CONCLUSIONS