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Appendix B
Navier-Stokes Equations
The purpose of this appendix is to spell out explicitly the Navier-Stokes and mass-continuity
equations in different coordinate systems. Although the equations can be expanded from
the general vector forms, dealing with the stress tensor T usually makes the expansion
tedious. Expansion of the scalar equations (e.g., species or energy) are much less trouble.
B.l
The equations in this section retain some compact notation, including the substantial derivative operator D I D t , the divergence of the velocity vector V.V, and the Laplacian operator
V2.The expansion of these operations into the various coordinate systems may be found
in Appendix A.
B.l.l
Mass Continuity
aP
at
+ V.(pV) = 0
DP
Dt
-+ p
v*v= 0
763
764
B.1.2
NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS
= f
+ V-T = f
Vp
+ V*T
B.1.3
B.1.4
1
(B .2)
p- DV = f - V p + # V
Dt
B.2
STRESS COMPONENTS
The stress state is represented as a symmetric tensor T, whose components may be expanded into various coordinate systems. The specific-coordinate-system expansions of the
divergence of the velocity vector V - V may be found in Section A.lO.
B.2.1 Cartesian
The components of the velocity vector ( u , u , w)align with the Cartesian-coordinate directions (x, y , 7 ) .
SAX
au
-p+2~-++V.v
ax
STRESS COMPONENTS
8.2.2
765
Cylindrical
The components of the velocity vector ( u , v, w) align with the cylindrical-coordinate directions ( z , r , 0).
B.2.3 Spherical
The components of the velocity vector (v,, vo, v+) align with the spherical-coordinate directions (r, 0 , @ ) .
766
B.2.4
NAVIER-STOKES EQUAJIONS
Curvilinear
The components of the velocity vector (ul, u2, vg) align with the curvilinear-coordinate
directions ( x 1 , x2. x3).
B.3
ap apu apu
-+-+-+at
ax ay
B.3.2
x-Momentum
B.3.3
y-Momentum
apw
az
=o
8.3.4
767
%-Momentum
(B.12)
B.4
B.4.1
(B.13)
B.4.2
8.4.3
(B.15)
B.5
B.5.1
CY L INDR ICA L
Mass Continuity
ap
apu
at
az
-+-+--
I arpv
r ar
1 apw
+--=o,
r 80
(B.16)
768
B.5.2
NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS
%-Momentum
(B.17)
B.5.3
r-Momentum
B.5.4 &Momentum
aw
B.6
aw
(B.19)
(B .20)
769
8.6.2
+(K+~)-(V-V)
ar
B.6.3
(DS
p-+-
Dt
vrw )
aw
p ( a-wat+ u - + u -az+
aw
ar
waw
--+
r a6
(B .22)
r
uw)
Mass Continuity:
l
a
i a
i
a
9
+- (prv,) + -(pus sin@ +
at
r2 ar
r sin0 30
r sin0 a$
--
8.7.2
(PU*)
(B .23)
=0
r-Momentum
(B .24)
i a
+-r ao
+--
prr:
--
prar
(4
v*
r sin0 a$
a [r sin0
p avr
a$ +
av,
2 avo
4 ~ ,
2 au,
4ar
r 30
r
r s i n 0 a$
+ r c o t o ; l ar u
2vecote
r
cote avr
~
(f) + Tas]
770
B.7.3
NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS
6-Momentum
+-- 1
r sin8
[+-
sin8
(-)
a u,
38 sine
-4
P avo
r sin8 84
(B .25)
B.7.4
4-Momentum
+u, + --)
ug cote + n . v ]
r
+--[T-(-)+--]
1 a wsine a
r 88
aQ
U,
-()+-I
a
+ 2cotOsinO
r
86
B.8
sin8
cL avo
sin8 aq5
u,
sin8
2cotO avo
r sin0 a@
(B .27)
B.8.2
771
(B .2X)
B.8.3
U @ vr
B .9
ug U @ cot 0
f@---
r sin0
aP
a$
B.9.2
xi-Momentum
(B .29)
772
NAVIER-STOKES EQUATlONS
(B .3 1)
B.9.3
z2-Momentum
(B .32)
B.9.4
773
x3-Momentum
(B.33)