INTERNATIONAL TOURISM

INTRO. TO TOURISM
ORGANIZATIONS
Course 6

TOURISM ORGANIZATIONS
Why should I be Interested?
General Purposes
Typologies/Models for Classification:
Membership served
Geographical area of responsibility
General purpose
Challenges

TOURISM ORGANIZATIONS

WHY SHOULD I BE INTERESTED?

The System of Tourism:
Interconnections between System Sectors:
Hotels/Accomodations
F&B Services
Transportation Services
Entertainment/Retail
Attractions
Destination Marketing
Conventions & Meetings
Recreation/Resource
Mangt.

Cultural/Historical Institutions
Public Safety/Security
Public Utilities (WaterEnergy-Sewer-Solid Waste
Postal-Others)
Public Policy/Legislation

THE SYSTEM OF TOURISM

Influence by Public Policy & Legislation

Immigration/Communication/Transportation

Major source of Public Revenues/Taxes

Closely Intergrated Problems in one sector often
impact others
Myoptic Vision results in increased problems within
the system

TOURISM ORGANIZATIONS

GENERAL PURPOSES:

Promotion of Tourism & Travel

Communication & Cooperation
Monitoring & Influencing Public
Policy/Legislation/Enforcement
Setting Professional Standards
Human Resource Development

TOURISM ORGANIZATIONS
General Purposes Conti:

Financial/Economical Development
Statistical Data Collection /Analysis /
Distribution
Direct Assistance (Planning & Development)
Trade Issues
Environmental & Social Issues:
Sustainable Tourism Development
Protection of Cultural, Historical, & Social
Communities & Resources

TOURISM ORGANIZATIONS

TYPOLOGY

Membership:

PUBLIC Governmental Organizations

PRIVATE Industry Trade Organizations

IE: ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization)

IE: WTTC (World Travel & Tourism Council)

MIXED PUBLIC/PRIVATE MEMBERSHIP

(I.E. Many local CVBs)

NGO Non-Governmental Organizations

LGOs Local-Government Organizations

TOURISM ORGANIZATIONS

GEOGRAPHIC AREA OF CONCERN

INTERNATIONAL
REGIONAL
NATIONAL

INTER-REGIONAL
STATE
LOCAL

TOURISM ORGANIZATIONS

INTERNATIONAL
World Tourism
Organization (WTO)
International Civic
Aviation Organization
(ICAO)
International Air
Transport Association
(IATA)
World Travel &Tourism
Association (WTTC)
Others

ECONOMIC FOCUS:

Organization for
Economic Cooperation
& Development
(OECD)
International Bank for
Reconstruction &
Development (IBRD)
European Union (EU)

WORLD TOURISM ORGANIZATION

Mission:

Mission for the New Millennium As the leading

international organization in the field of travel and tourism,
the World Tourism Organization (WTO) is vested by the
United Nations with a central and decisive role in
promoting the development of responsible, sustainable
and universally accessible tourism, with the aim of
contributing to economic development, international
understanding, peace, prosperity and universal respect for,
and observance of, human rights and fundamental
freedoms. In pursuing this aim, the Organization pays
particular attention to the interests of the developing
countries in the field of tourism

WORLD TOURISM ORGANIZATION

Membership:

Who can join the World Tourism Organization? WTO has

three categories of membership: Full Members, Associate
Members and Affiliate Members.

Full membership is open to all sovereign States.

Associate membership is open to all territories not responsible for
their external relations. Membership requires the prior approval of the
government which assumes responsibility for their external relations.
Affiliate membership comprises a wide range of organizations and
companies working directly in travel, tourism and related sectors.
These may include: airlines and other transport, hotels and
restaurants, tour operators and travel agents, banking institutions,
insurance companies, travel assistance, publishing groups, etc.
Affiliate membership is made up of three groups, the WTO Business
Council, the WTO Education Council and the WTO Task Force on
Destination Management. Affiliate membership requires endorsement
by the government of the state in which the headquarters of the
applicant is located.

TOURISM ORGANIZATIONS

INTERNATIONAL

World Travel & Tourism Council

Private /
Brussles, Belgium
Mission:

Influence over Public Sector (Govt.) in shaping tourism policy

Industry Promotiom
Research
Reduction in Barriers
Sustainable Tourism

www.wttc.org

TOURISM ORGANIZATIONS

INTERNATIONAL-ECONOMIC FOCUS

Organization For Economic Cooperation &

Development
Public / 27 + Members
Mission:

Facilitate Global Economic Development

Not Exclusive Focus on Tourism
Support Tourism Development in Developing Countries
Statistical Analysis Annual Report

www.oecd.org

TOURISM ORGANIZATIONS

INTERNATIONAL-ECONOMIC FOCUS

International Bank for Reconstruction &

Development - The World Bank:
Public / Owned by 174 Countries
UN Agency
Mission:

Loans for Tourism Realted Infrastructure Projects in

Developing Countries

www.worldbank.org

TOURISM ORGANIZATIONS

INTERNATIONAL-ECONOMIC FOCUS

World Trade Organization GATS:

General Agreement on Trade in Services

Focus on Governmental Measures that affect services
between territories
Service Sectorial Classification List Section for T&T Related
Services

European Union

Finance Tourism related investment & infrastructure

projects

TOURISM ORGANIZATIONS

INTERNATIONAL
PROFESSIONAL
EXAMPLES:
World Association of Travel Agencies
International Sightseeing & Tours Association
Airports Council International
Hotel Catering & Institutional Management
Association
International Hotel & Restaurant Association
International Association of Tour Managers

TOURISM ORGANIZATIONS

REGIONAL ASSOCIATIONS
Pacific Asia Travel Association
Caribbean Tourism Organization
Caribbean Hotel Association
Tourism Council of South Pacific
Association of Southeast Asian Nations
Tourism Association

REGIONAL TOURISM
ORGANIZATION:

Ie: The Caribbean Hotel Association (CHA) is

dedicated to excellence in hospitality, leadership in
marketing, and sustainable growth in tourism, to the
benefit of its members and that of the wider
Caribbean community

The Caribbean Hotel Association is a Federation of 35

national hotel associations, from Bermuda in the North,
to Guyana in the South, from Barbados in the East to
Mexico and Belize in the West.

TOURISM ORGANIZATIONS

NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

RESPONSIBLE FOR COUNTRYS TOURISM

INDUSTRY:
Organize tourism promotion
Control activities of all tourism sectors
Provide coordniation for regional/national tourism
development
Ministry or State Tourism Office Seperate or
attached/level reflects level of importance

TOURISM ORGANIZATIONS

NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
Four

Key Governmental
Tourism Responsibilities:
Coordination

of Tourism Activities
Legislation & Regulation
Planning & Development
Coordination
Finance

REASONS FOR GOVERNMENT

INVOLVEMENT IN TOURISM:

Political Reasons

International travel across borders

International relations

Japan 80s 10 M Program

Environmental Issues
Economics

Income, jobs, diversification, export, foreign earnings

Socialistic vs. Free enterprise systems

MAJOR GOVERNMENTAL ROLES IN

TOURISM:
Coordination
Policy setting
Legislation / regulation
Planning / financing
Infrastructure development
Development /stimulation
Marketing & research
Training & education

TOURISM ORGANIZATIONS

NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

National Governmental Coordination:

Agencies involved in:

Transportation
Natural & Biological Resources
(Agricultural/Fisheries/Parks/Reserves)
Historical & Cultural Preservation
Health & Public Safety
Finance & Planning
Monetary Policy
Labor

TOURISM ORGANIZATIONS

NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

Represent Country on International Scale

Negotiate agreements
Organize marketing studies
Optimize tourism destinations/attractions/meetings
Support mutually beneficial trade/monetary regulations
Support technological transfers

TOURISM ORGANIZATIONS

NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
Organize Tourism Services on International / National
Scale
Plan & Develop Tourism (Master Planning)
Regulate & Control Tourism Enterprises:

Legislation/Taxation
Classifications
Inspections
Operatings Licenses
Financial Assistance
Standards

TOURISM ORGANIZATIONS

NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
Publish statistics/surveys/studies
Promote International & Domestic Travel
Create structures/procedures to welcome & inform visitors
Provide professional training & education
Preserve/protect/manage
cultural/social/historical/environmental resources

TOURISM ORGANIZATIONS

NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

Challenges:

Lack of resource support

Lip service from political parties
Failure to document tourism benefits/costs
Difficulty in measurement
Lack of tradition/visibility
Greater financial support for local administrations
(Cities/Attractions/Resorts)

TOURISM ORGANIZATIONS

NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
SWISS TOURISM
US Tourism Industries?
France: Direction du Tourisme
Spain: Instituto de Turismo de Espana
UK: British Tourism Authority

TOURISM ORGANIZATIONS

NATIONAL PROFESSIONAL

Non-Profit Organizations - represent many different

sectors including:

Hotels/Restaurants/Tourism Promotion (OPTBR, FIHR, FPTR)

Transportation (Limo/Cab/Bus/Charters/Bikes)
Rural Tourism (ANTREC - http://www.antrec.ro/ )
Travel & Touroperators (ANAT www.anat.ro)
Convention & Meetings (Romanian Convention Bureau - RCB)
Winter sports resorts
Tour Guides

TOURISM ORGANIZATIONS

LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS
Government tourism commissions-legislatives
committees
Convention & Visitor Bureaus
Visitor Centers
Country/City/Area Tourism authorities

TOURISM ORGANIZATIONS

KEY TREND IN
NATIONAL TOURISM ORGANIZATIONS

Formation of Public/Private/Partnerships:

Formation of P/P Commissions with taxing authorities

Creation of cost sharing (P/P) promotion campaigns
Obtaining Private Sector input in tourism/travel related
policy & legislation

TOURISM ORGANIZATIONS

KEY CHALLANGES FACING ALL

ORGANIZATIONS:
Financial viability
Diversity in membership/intrests
Duplication
Taxation
Global competition
Perception of cooperation v.s.
competition