ASFP BlueBook European Version

BLUE BOOK
European version
Fire resisting ductwork:

classified according to BS EN 13501 Parts 3 and 4
European version 1st Edition
FIRE AND YOUR LEGAL LIABILITY

2008 produced the highest UK peace time fire losses of all time, rising over the previous year by 16% to a
record 1.3bn. Thats why we must all play our part.
Why is this of relevance to me!

If you are involved in provision of a fire protection package, at any level, then you share liability for its
usefulness and its operation when its needed in fire, and that liability will still be there in the event of a court
case.
I place the order; it is not my responsibility to install the works!
If it is your responsibility to specify the materials and/or appoint the installation contractor, it is also your
responsibility to ensure that they can prove competency for the fire protection materials used, or the works to be
carried out. Its no longer simply a duty of care or voluntary its a legal obligation.
If you knowingly ignore advice that leads to a failure in the fire performance of any element of installed fire
protection within a building, then you are likely to be found to be just as culpable as the deficient installer.
You share liability for the provision of information required under Building Regulation 16B that tells the user of
the building about the fire prevention measures provided in the building. Otherwise, the user cannot make an
effective risk assessment under the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005.
What is expected of me?
In the event of fire, and deaths, a court will want to know how every fire protection system was selected; the
basis for selection of the installer, whether adequate time was provided for its installation, and whether there
was adequate liaison between the different parties to ensure it was installed correctly. No ifs, no buts its all
contained in the Construction, Design and Management Regulations 2007.
The CDM 2007 regulations, enforced by Health and Safety Executive concentrate on managing the risk, and
the health and safety of all those who build, those that use the building, those who maintain it and those that
demolish it cradle to grave.
Be aware the time to consider the above is before the event, not after it!
Association for Specialist Fire Protection / www.asfp.org.uk
Fire Resisting Ductwork European version 1st Edition 16 Sep 09
Association for Specialist Fire Protection (ASFP)

Kingsley House, Ganders Business Park, Kingsley, Bordon, Hampshire GU35 9LU, United Kingdom
Tel: +44 (0)1420 471 612 Fax +44 (0)1420 471 611 www.asfp.org.uk
The Association was formed in 1976, and currently represents the majority of UK contractors and
manufacturers of specialist fire protection products, with associate members representing regulatory,
certification, testing and consulting bodies.
ASFP seeks to increase awareness and understanding of the nature of fire and the various forms, functions and
benefits provided by passive fire protection.
It is willing to make available its specialist knowledge on all aspects of fire protection and can assist designers
and main contractors in identifying products suitable for specific requirements, both in the UK and related
overseas markets.
Heating and Ventilating Contractors Association

Esca House 34 Palace Court London W2 4JG
T: 020 7313 4900 F: 020 7727 9268
www.hvca.org.uk
The HVCA represents the interests of firms active in the design, installation, commissioning and maintenance of
heating, ventilating, air conditioning and refrigeration products and equipment
Acknowledgements
This document complements the 2nd Edition Volume 2 of Fire resisting ductwork which focuses on BS 476 Part
24 test data. It has been prepared by ASFP Task Group 6A Fire Resisting Ductwork. The contributions are
gratefully acknowledged:
R H Earle
P Hanson
M Hart
T Hubbard
B A James
N J Macdonald
L Cody
W Parlor
Exova Warrington Fire, Task Group Chairman

Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea
Knauf Insulation
Promat UK Ltd
Fire Protection Ltd
BRE Global
Rockwool Ltd
ASFP Technical Officer
Thanks also go to Mr T Day previously employed by BRE Global and one-time Convenor of BSI FSH/22/9 and
CEN TC127 WG2 for his contributions in the early drafts of this document.
Although care has been taken to ensure, to the best of our knowledge, that all data and information contained in this
document is accurate to the extent that it relates to either matters of fact or accepted practice or matters of opinion at the
time of publication, neither the Association for Specialist Fire Protection Limited nor the co-publishers will be liable for any
technical, editorial, typographical or other errors or omissions in or misinterpretations of the data and information provided in
this document.
Since this document may be subject to change and updating, the data and information which it contains is only correct at the
date of this publication. The latest version of this publication is freely downloadable from the ASFP web site at
www.asfp.org.uk/publications. The latest date is indicated at the bottom of each page. The ASFP shall not be liable for
products delivered to the market, or for any aspect of withdrawn products.
Compliance with this ASFP document does not of itself infer immunity from legal obligation
Association for Specialist Fire Protection 2009

ISBN: 978-1-870409-36-0
Fire resisting ductwork:

Classified according to BS EN 13501 Parts 3 and 4
European version 1st Edition
Published by the Association for Specialist Fire Protection
in conjunction with Heating and Ventilating Contractors Association
FOREWORD
I am pleased to introduce this new 1st edition of the European version of the ASFP publication Fire Resisting
Ductwork: classified according to BS EN 13501 Parts 3 and 4 and wholly based on EN fire tests and
classifications. It provides complementary information to the UK version entitled Fire resisting ductwork: tested
to BS 476 Part 24: 2nd Edition which is limited to fire test data from BS 476 Part 24 tests. Both documents
provide guidance to best practice for the use of ducts in buildings. The European version will be valid for tests
and classifications from EN 13501 Parts 3 and 4 under the European Construction Products Directive [or
proposed Regulation] whereas the BS 476-24 test method may remain useful in applications outside the
European Community.
The prevention of fire spread through buildings via ducted systems is of critical importance, as evidenced by
serious fire losses in recent years. This document provides details and new recommendations not previously
covered in other standards or codes of practice and should make a significant contribution to improved fire
safety.
Both the British Standard version and this European version contain sections on the different types of system
and their function; information on all the relevant legislation, standards and codes of practice as well as notes
on penetration seals and support systems.
This Edition will also introduce Data Sheets which provide details of duct systems that have been suitably fire
tested and classified to EN 13501-3 and/or EN 13501-4 by a European Notified Body, and where the data is
provided by a recognised third party product certification scheme which is accredited or recognised by UKAS.
This European Edition provides a lead for fire engineers & engineering services designers by including
European rules of application for direct [DIAP] and extended [EXAP] application of test results for fire resisting
ductwork systems
The ASFP recognises the key importance that fire-rated ductwork for air distribution and smoke extraction
applications plays in the safe movement of air and smoke through buildings, and is particularly pleased to see
these topics addressed here. We commend the guidance to designers, contractors and insurers.
Richard Earle
Chairman ASFP Task Group 6
Exova Warringtonfire
ASFP BLUE BOOK EUROPEAN VERSION 1st EDITION

Amendments
DATE
SECTION
AMENDMENT SUMMARY
SOURCE
Note 1. Amendments may only be inserted by ASFP Secretariat with approval of the ASFP Technical Officer.
CONTENTS
1.
SCOPE.....................................................................................................................................................7
INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................................7
2.1 GENERAL NOTES ........................................................................................................................7
3.
DEFINITIONS...........................................................................................................................................9
4.
TYPES OF DUCT SYSTEMS & FUNCTIONS.......................................................................................10

4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
5.
VENTILATION DUCT SYSTEMS ................................................................................................10

SMOKE EXTRACTION DUCTS SINGLE AND MULTIPLE COMPARTMENTS......................10
DUAL VENTILATION /SMOKE EXTRACTION SYSTEMS .........................................................11
PRESSURISATION SYSTEMS ...................................................................................................11
KITCHEN EXTRACT SYSTEMS .................................................................................................11
CAR PARK EXTRACT SYSTEMS ..............................................................................................12
FIRE RESISTING DUCTS & RELATED STANDARDS.........................................................................21

5.1 RELATED STANDARDS .............................................................................................................22
6.
A COMPARISON OF BS 476 PART 24 WITH BS EN 1366-1 FIRE TEST METHODS........................22
7.
EN FIRE TESTS & CLASSIFICATIONS FOR FIRE RESISTING DUCTS ............................................24

7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
GENERAL INFORMATION ON EN FIRE TESTS .......................................................................24

VENTILATION DUCTS ................................................................................................................24
SMOKE EXTRACTION DUCTS (MULTI COMPARTMENTS) TESTED TO BS EN 1366-8.......31
SMOKE EXTRACTION DUCTS (SINGLE COMPARTMENT) TESTED TO BS EN 1366-9.......35
APPENDIX A1: Explanatory notes for the rules of direct field of application of test data (DIAP) for ducts
tested to EN 1366-1...............................................................................................................................................38
APPENDIX A2 Explanatory notes for the rules of extended field of application of test data (EXAP)
according to BS EN 15882-1, for ducts tested to BS EN 1366-1 ..........................................................................39
tested to BS EN 1366-8.........................................................................................................................................40
APPENDIX A4: Explanatory notes for the rules of extended field of application of test data (EXAP)
according to EN 15882-8, for ducts tested to BS EN 1366-8................................................................................41
tested to EN 1366-9...............................................................................................................................................41
APPENDIX A6: Explanatory notes for the rules of extended field of application of test data (EXAP)
according to EN 15882-8, for ducts tested to EN 1366-9......................................................................................41
APPENDIX B: Explanatory guidance for the use of fire stopping as penetration seals, support systems &
ancillary items ........................................................................................................................................................42
APPENDIX C: Limitations of fire resisting ductwork systems ...............................................................................44
APPENDIX D: Regulations, codes and requirements..........................................................................................45
APPENDIX E: Bibliography .................................................................................................................................47
APPENDIX F: Standard specifications & method of measurement of building works .........................................49
APPENDIX G: Criteria of acceptability of data sheet entries ...............................................................................50
APPENDIX H: Data Sheets ..................................................................................................................................51
1.
SCOPE
This guidance is intended to assist the reader in understanding many of the essential details which play a
significant part in ensuring that fire resisting ductwork (which includes smoke outlet) is correctly designed and
installed in accordance with current BS EN standards and UK legislative requirements.
The information given in this guidance focuses on the types and functions of fire resisting ductwork, and
references the Building Regulations, BS EN standards, British Standards and Codes of Practice which apply to
these specific types of duct. Other guidance and information, which is restricted to the use of the BS national
test method BS 476 Part 24, is available in the ASFP sister document Fire resisting ductwork: tested to BS
476 Part 24: 2nd Edition
Detailed information is provided in this document on European fire tests for ducts, together with a summary of
the rules for both direct and extended fields of application. Guidance is also given in respect of the fire resisting
requirements for duct systems incorporating penetration seals, support systems and ancillary items, with a
section relating to limitations.
Drawings of typical BS EN 1366 fire test constructions are reproduced (by kind permission of the British
Standards Institution) and diagrams of types and functions of various fire resisting ductwork systems are
included. These are for guidance purposes only.
The guidance given in this publication specifically refers to fire resisting ductwork tested to the relevant part of
BS EN 1366 and does not, therefore, include advice on conventional non-fire rated ventilation ductwork
systems, or ducts containing services such as water pipes and cables.
CAUTIONARY NOTE TO ALL DUCTWORK DESIGNERS, MANUFACTURERS AND INSTALLERS
General purpose DW/144 ventilation/air conditioning ductwork cannot be utilised as, or converted into, a fire
resisting ductwork system unless the construction and materials of the whole system are proven by fire test and
classified according to BS EN 13501 Parts 3 and 4
Appendix E discusses 'Limitations' and will hopefully be of interest to the reader.
INTRODUCTION
This publication has been produced to assist those involved in the specification, installation, inspection and
verification of fire resisting ductwork tested to BS EN 1366 Parts 3, 8 or 9, and to ensure that minimum
performance standards are maintained which will contribute to ensuring that fire compartments are not
breached prematurely.
The primary intended objective for fire safety in buildings is to limit fire to the compartment of origin, and to put it
out quickly and affectively. Only then can we be sure that opportunity exists for occupants to safely escape from
a building, for fire-fighters to combat a fire in a dependable manner, and for the business to be back in operation
as soon as possible. Ducts can provide a primary route for fire spread through buildings, unless suitable fire
prevention methods are installed from the outset. In this publication the fire prevention method focuses on the
use of fire resisting ductwork, for a variety of purposes. Not all methods will be suitable for all purposes, and
careful selection is often required
Fire resisting ductwork can be provided either by specialist companies producing proprietary systems, or by
treatment to satisfactorily constructed and supported steel ductwork with the addition of fire insulating materials.
Care must be taken when choosing a fire resisting ductwork system and checks should be made to ensure that
the ductwork fire performance meets with the requirements of the relevant application.
IMPORTANT
All fire resisting ductwork should be tested according to all aspects of the intended application, such as the
orientation, shape, size, fixings and mountings of tested configurations. Many fire tests are required to meet all
the expected applications.
Formal fire classifications shall be available according to BS EN 13501 Parts 3 and 4. Users should satisfy
themselves that the field of application meets the intended use
2.1
GENERAL NOTES
Fire resisting ductwork may need to pass through compartment walls or floors that will have a prescribed fire
resistance period in terms of the load-bearing capacity (stability), integrity and insulation criteria, for durations of
30 to 240 minutes. It is a requirement that where these compartment walls/floors are penetrated by ducts or
other building services, the fire performance criteria for the penetrated wall or floor are maintained, such that fire
in one compartment may not spread to other areas. The fire performance of a duct which penetrates a fire
resisting/separating element requires careful consideration by designers and controlling authorities. The
standard periods of integrity and insulation, and leakage where required, should in all cases be at least equal to
those required for the penetrated element of construction. In certain circumstances, controlling authorities may
waive the insulation requirement or allow a reduced period of insulation, for example, in some car parks, where
enforcers consider that there is not a possibility of combustible materials being in close proximity of the
ductwork.
OFFICIAL GUIDANCE
The guidance given in Section 10 of the Approved Document B for B1 (Means of Escape) and B3 (Internal Fire
Spread Structure) of the Building Regulations 2000 for England and Wales also refers to BS 5588: Part 9 for
alternative ways in which the integrity of compartments may be maintained where ductwork penetrates fire
separating elements. BS 5588 standards related to ductwork applications have been superseded by a new
standard, BS 9999 Code of practice for fire safety in the design, management and use of buildings
Similar recommendations are given in the Building Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2000, and in the Building
(Scotland) Regulations: 2004
Statutory regulations and design codes provide the designer with prescribed periods of fire resistance to
elements of construction, which give a safe period for evacuation of people, a safe period for fire fighting and
can also provide for property protection. It is vitally important for life safety that the fire resistance of the
element of construction is not reduced when ductwork is routed through it.
ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES
When ventilation ductwork penetrates building compartments, the regulatory requirements and the guidance of
BS 9999 should be followed using either:
Method 1
Protection using fire dampers;
Method 2
Protection using fire resisting enclosures;
Method 3
Protection using fire resisting ductwork
Good practice dictates that fire dampers should not be installed within certain ductwork systems in buildings
(e.g. kitchen extraction, staircase and lobby pressurisation, lift shaft ventilation, fresh air make up provision,
etc.) and therefore either Method 2 or Method 3 of BS 9999 should be used, alongside an acceptable
Management level as defined by BS 9999.
FACTORS TO CONSIDER
It is essential to give due consideration to other factors that may be required when evaluating the suitability of a
proposed system of fire resisting ductwork. These may include:
Seismic qualification of ductwork, support system and penetration sealing method
Pressure / air carrying capacity
Materials sensitive to thermal shock
Materials susceptible to physical damage
Acoustic performance requirement of the system
Thermal performance requirement of the system
Resistance to air flow.
The suitability for cleaning, if a kitchen duct system
Any need for a smooth internal surface, for high pressure ducts.
HVCA GUIDANCE
Steel ductwork systems for air movements around buildings are generally constructed to the HVCA guide
DW/144 which is a document covering a wide range of construction standards in the manufacture of sheet
metal ductwork for use in low, medium or high pressure applications and includes various methods of jointing,
stiffening and supporting of the ductwork.
Most general purpose ventilation ductwork systems offer little or no protection against fire spread. General
purpose DW/144 ventilation/air conditioning ductwork cannot be utilised as, or converted into, a fire resisting
ductwork system unless the construction / materials of the whole system are classified according to BS EN
13501 Parts 3 and 4
SELF SUPPORTING DUCTWORK

An alternative to steel ductwork systems is self supporting ductwork such as that constructed from rigid boards.
Supplementary insulation may also have to be considered for these systems.
FIRE TESTS
A satisfactorily constructed and supported fire resisting duct is classified according to the fire tests as called up
in BS EN 13501 Parts 3 or 4.
BS EN 1366 test series includes fire test methods for ventilation ducts and smoke extraction ducts see
Section 5. The European fire test documents include rules for the direct field of application of test data. The
rules for extended field of application are provided as BS EN 15882-1 and BS EN 15882-8 respectively
3.
DEFINITIONS
For the purpose of this document the following definitions apply.

Access doors
A closure of an inspection opening within the duct
Compensator
A device that is used to prevent damage from the forces generated by expansion
Duct /Ductwork
An enclosed system of any cross sectional shape for the distribution and extraction of air within a building.
Duct/ductwork - Fire resisting
A duct or ductwork used for the distribution or extraction of air, and designed to provide a degree of fire
resistance when tested to BS EN 1366 -1
Duct/Ductwork - Fire resisting smoke extraction for multi-compartments
A duct used for the extraction of smoke in case of fire and designed to provide a degree of fire resistance, when
tested to BS EN 1366 - 8.
Duct/Ductwork - Fire resisting smoke extraction for single compartments
A duct used for the extraction of smoke in case of fire and designed to provide a degree of fire resistance, when
tested to BS EN 1366 - 9.
Duct/ductwork - Self supporting
Self supporting fire rated ducts are those that are formed with fire protection boards, and possibly framework,
without a steel duct.
Duct A, B and C
Duct A terminology is associated with ventilation ducts where fire is outside the duct.
Duct B terminology is associated with ventilation ducts where fire is inside the duct.
Duct C is the terminology related to smoke extract ducts with fire inside the duct.
Specific conditions are provided in the relevant fire test standards EN 1366 Parts 1, 8 and 9
Fire compartment
A building or part of a building, comprising one or more rooms, spaces or storeys, constructed to prevent the
spread of fire to or from another part of the same building, or an adjoining building. A roof space above the top
storey of a compartment is included in that compartment
Fire Resistance
For ductwork systems, the ability of a component or construction to satisfy, for a stated period of time, some or
all of the appropriate criteria specified in the relevant part of BS EN 1366. Further information is provided in
Section 7.2.1, 7.3.1 and 7.4.1 of this document
Generally, the following performance criteria are applied to fire resisting ductwork.
Integrity and Insulation
Both of these failure criteria are defined in EN 1366-1 Section 11, which also references EN 1363-1
Smoke leakage for smoke extract ducts
See EN 1366-1 Section 11, which also references EN 1363-1
Failure of this criterion shall have occurred if the flow rate in Duct A during the test exceeds 10m3/m2h
at normal temperature and pressure, related to the internal surface area of the duct inside the furnace
Fire Separating Element

A compartment wall, compartment floor, cavity barrier and construction enclosing a protected escape route
and/or a place of special hazard
Kitchen extract duct
See section 4
Penetration
An aperture through a fire separating element for the passage of a duct or ductwork, pipework, or other building
services, which reduces the fire performance of the fire separating element
Penetration sealing system for fire resisting ductwork
The system used to maintain the fire resistance of the ductwork system where it passes through a fire
separating element, in accordance with the EN 1366 Parts 1, 8 and 9 fire test methods on the entire ductwork
system, seals and supports, where the duct or ductwork passes through the element of construction.
Pressurisation
A method of protecting an escape route against the ingress of smoke by pressurising the air within the escape
route at a higher level than the air in the adjacent parts of the building.
Protected shaft
A shaft which enables persons, air or objects to pass from one compartment to another and which is enclosed
with fire-resisting construction.
Shunt System
A duct or ductwork used solely for extraction in flats and maisonettes which may be used to avoid the need to
provide fire dampers in extract ductwork from bathrooms and WCs.
Smoke extract duct
See section 4
Suspension devices
The components used for suspending and fixing a duct from a floor; or supporting and fixing a duct from a wall.
Surrounding construction /supporting construction
The wall or partition or floor, through which the duct passes in the fire test.
In European standard documents this is defined as the supporting construction
4.
TYPES OF DUCT SYSTEMS & FUNCTIONS
This document does not apply to ducts containing services such as water pipes or electrical cables. It covers
only ductwork that is part of the following systems for handling air, fumes or products of combustion. Typical
examples are illustrated in figures 1-8.
4.1
VENTILATION DUCT SYSTEMS
Mechanical ventilation systems are used to extract vitiated or polluted air from a building and to supply
replacement fresh or conditioned air. The necessary fans and conditioning equipment are generally located in
separate plant rooms, often in a basement or on the roof. The distribution of the air involves ductwork which
may be very large, extend throughout the building, penetrate compartment walls and/or floors and have
openings in every space through which it passes.
If appropriate fire precautions are not implemented, ventilation ductwork may provide a route for fire, smoke and
toxic gases to spread rapidly through a building.
4.2
SMOKE EXTRACTION DUCTS SINGLE AND MULTIPLE COMPARTMENTS
Smoke extraction is the evacuation from a building of products of combustion, such as smoke and toxic gases,
which could otherwise reduce visibility and impair human functions. This facilitates the escape of the building
occupants and assists fire fighters in locating the seat of the fire and extinguishing it.
In situations where smoke clearance by natural ventilation through windows or other openings may be difficult
(e.g. in large or deep basements or in high rise buildings without windows that can be opened) ductwork is
required to conduct the smoke to a suitable outlet from the building. In cases where the natural buoyancy of the
combustion products is not adequate to ensure the required smoke extraction rate through the ductwork, fan
assisted systems are used. It may also be necessary to install ducted air inlets as part of the smoke extraction
scheme, in order to provide the replacement air.
If the ductwork incorporated in a smoke extraction system is wholly contained within the fire compartment, it
must at least be capable of resisting the anticipated smoke temperatures generated during the development of
10
a fire. These will generally be lower than the temperatures specified in EN 1366, which are intended to
represent a fully developed fire. However, if the ductwork penetrates a fire resisting barrier, it must also be
capable of providing the relevant fire resistance in a test to the relevant part of EN 1366. Further clarification of
the fire testing requirements for these two different situations is provided in Section 5 of this document
Standard Fire Tests.
4.3
DUAL VENTILATION /SMOKE EXTRACTION SYSTEMS
These systems serve as a conventional ventilation system under normal conditions, but are converted to a
smoke extraction system in the event of fire, thus providing an economical dual system.
4.4
PRESSURISATION SYSTEMS
Pressurisation is a method of restricting the penetration of smoke into certain critical areas of a building, by
maintaining the air within the critical areas at pressures higher than those in adjacent areas. It applies
particularly to protected stairways, lobbies and corridors, as smoke within these areas would inhibit escape, and
also to fire fighting shafts serving deep basements, because of the difficulties in clearing smoke from
basements.
A pressurisation system is a special form of mechanical ventilation system. However, as the air supply creating
the pressurisation must be maintained for the duration of a fire, fire dampers cannot be used within the
ductwork to prevent the spread of fire. Any duct or ductwork penetrating fire resisting barriers must be fire
resisting.
4.5
KITCHEN EXTRACT SYSTEMS
Kitchen extraction ductwork presents a particular hazard, in that combustible deposits such as grease are likely
to accumulate on its internal surfaces, and may spread fire if ignited. A fire in a kitchen may spread to other
areas of the building by way of the kitchen extract ductwork and may also prejudice escape routes.
Guidance for the installations for kitchen extract ducts is provided in various documents. Whilst paragraphs (a)
to (g) may not be exhaustive, they attempt to list the common requirements with references the regulatory
guidance in Approved Document B 2006, where applicable, and other documents.
4.5.1
Means of Escape (Approved Document B: B1)
a)
Approved Document B: 2006, Paragraph 5.50

Non-domestic kitchens are required to have separate and independent extraction systems, because
of the polluted nature of the extracted air. The extracted air should not be re-circulated.
b)
Approved Document B 2006, Paragraph 10.10

Fire dampers should not be installed in extraction ductwork serving kitchens due to the build up of
grease.
c)
Any kitchen extract duct or ductwork penetrating fire resisting barriers must be fire resisting between
the kitchen and the external weathering cowl.
The fire resistance requirement is normally 30 minutes, unless the duct also penetrates a
compartment separation wall/floor where the fire resistance period and criteria should meet any higher
requirement of the compartment wall/floor.
d)
British Standards
Although Approved Document B 2006 does not provide guidance on kitchens other than in small
premises and residential care homes, the AD-B states in paragraph 0.22 that supplementary guidance
is given in British standards, and AD-B paragraph 5.53 references BS 5720. (We suggest that
paragraph 2.5.2.3 applies)
BS 5720 paragraph 2.5.2.3
States that kitchen extract ductwork should be enclosed with fire resisting construction where passing
through other floors between the kitchen and the external weathering cowl.
The canopy, ducting and lagging forming the kitchen extract duct should made from non-combustible
material
BS 9999
Paragraph 32.5.7 Table 31 requires a kitchen to be enclosed with fire resisting construction.
e)
Guidance for Hospitals is given in HTM 05-02.

In most cases, unless a suitable automatic extinguishing arrangement is provided, kitchens are
required to be enclosed with fire resisting construction. Consequently the extract ductwork also needs
11
to be enclosed with fire resisting construction where passing outside the kitchen enclosure up to its
discharge to external air. The required fire resistance is to be achieved from inside the duct, to prevent
a fire from inside the duct breaking out and spreading to other areas in the building.
NOTE:
ASFP emphasises that regular internal cleaning of kitchen extract ducts is an essential part of all fire
risk assessments and planned maintenance programmes in accordance with HVCA publication
DW/172.
4.5.2
Compartmentation (Approved Document B: B3)
a)
Approved Document B 2006, Paragraph 10.9 and 10.10

Where a kitchen extract duct (an air handling duct) passes through fire separating elements the
integrity of those elements should be maintained. Fire dampers (known as Method 1) are not suitable
for extract ductwork serving kitchens. This is due to the likely build up of grease within the duct, which
can adversely affect the effectiveness of any dampers. Therefore a fire resisting enclosure (known as
method 2) or fire resisting duct (known as Method 3) is recommended.
b)
BS ISO 6944-2: 2008

Although BS EN 1366 Parts 1, 8 and 9 do not have specific fire performance requirements for kitchen
extract systems, the specifier may select a system which has been tested to BS ISO 6944-2: 2008
which has been developed specifically for this application.
NOTE:
Regardless of the publication of BS ISO 6944-2 the UK regulators may choose not to adopt all
published standards in regulatory documents. Specific regulatory information is available in Approved
Document B as guidance to building regulations.
4.6
CAR PARK EXTRACT SYSTEMS
Car parks are required to have separate and independent extraction systems, because of the polluted nature of
the extracted air. It is recommended that fire dampers should not be installed in extraction ductwork serving
car parks. Any duct or ductwork penetrating fire resisting barriers must be fire resisting.
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
5.
FIRE RESISTING DUCTS & RELATED STANDARDS
Fire resisting ducts
Smoke control ducts
Product standard
Product standard
EN 15871
EN12101-7
Fire resisting ducts
Smoke and heat control duct

systems
Classification standard
Classification standard
EN 13501-3
EN 13501-4
Fire classification of construction

products and building elements - part
3: classification using data from fire
resistance tests on components of
normal building service installations
Fire classification of construction

products and building elements - part
4: classification using data from fire
resistance tests on components of
smoke control systems
Test standard
Test standard
EN 1366-1
EN 1366-8
Fire resistance tests for service

installations: Ducts

installations: Smoke extraction ducts
(multi compartment)
Test standard EN 1366-9
installations: Single compartment
smoke extraction ducts
Extended field of application

standard
Extended field of application

standard
EN 15882 -1
EN 15882 -8
Extended applications of test results

for fire resistance tests for service
installations: Ducts
Extended applications of test results

for Smoke extraction ducts
21
5.1
RELATED STANDARDS
CLEANLINESS
EN 15780 Cleanliness of ducts
FIRE AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
BS EN 15423 Fire precautions for air distribution systems in buildings
6.
A COMPARISON OF BS 476 PART 24 WITH BS EN 1366-1 FIRE TEST

METHODS
The test data arising from the previous BS 476 Part 24 tests and harmonised BS EN tests are not directly
comparable or interchangeable. The harmonised EN test methods are acceptable for use across Europe and
mitigate the costs of testing for manufacturers. The following table illustrates the differences, for simple
ventilation ducts [see 8.1]
Note that there are additional fire tests for smoke extraction ducts: i.e. BS EN 1366-8 for multi-compartment
smoke extraction ducts [see 8.2] and BS EN 1366-9 for single compartment smoke extraction ducts [see 8.3]
ITEM
BS 476 Part 24 / ISO 6944 (1985)
BS EN 1366-1 / ISO 6944-1 (2008)
Apparatus
Furnace controlled to ISO 834
Furnace controlled to EN 1363-1

Thermal movement measuring device
(Duct A)
Force measuring device (Duct B)
Device for measuring restraint forces

Thermocouples for measuring internal
temperature of furnace and internal and
external temperature of test
specimen(s)
Equipment for measuring gas pressures
in furnace and in duct
Equipment for measuring gas pressures

in furnace and in Duct A
Extract fan required for Duct A to

produce and maintain an underpressure of 300Pa.
Extract fan required for duct A to

produce and maintain an underpressure of 300Pa connected to
measuring station between duct and
fan.
Extract fan with capacity to produce gas

velocity at 3m/sec at ambient at start of
test. Allows use of flow rate controller to
achieve this. (Duct B).
Extract fan with capacity to produce gas

velocity at 3m/sec at ambient at start of
test. Allows use of flow rate controller to
achieve this. (by-pass valve and
damper) (Duct B).
Volume flow measuring station
Condensing unit
Velocity measuring station (Duct B)
Fire exposure
ISO 834 time temperature curve
EN 1363-1
Measurement of
temperature of flue
gases in duct
At centre of cross-section, at
penetration point and 2m from this
outside furnace
No specific requirement to measure
Pressure condition in
duct A
Neutral pressure below horizontal duct

and set to 300 10Pa at start of test
relative to ambient conditions. No
subsequent adjustment of fan required
for duct A
-300 Pa at start of test and maintained

at this value though out test
22
ITEM
BS 476 Part 24 / ISO 6944 (1985)
BS EN 1366-1 / ISO 6944-1 (2008)
Velocity in duct B
Set to 3m/sec measured at ambient at

start of test but no further adjustments
made.
3m/sec at start of test and maintained at

this during test except when fan shut off
to make integrity measurements
Fan shut off prior to integrity evaluations

then switched back on after. Integrity
determined.
Minimum dimension of
ducts
Cross section of ducts
In furnace
In furnace
3m length horizontal duct
4m length horizontal duct
2m length vertical ducts
Outside furnace
Outside furnace
2.5 m length horizontal duct
2.5m length horizontal duct
2 m length vertical ducts
Duct A & Duct B:
Duct A:
1000 mm 10 wide
500 mm 10 high
800mm 10 diameter
1000mm by 250 mm
NOTE: No provision in Part 24 to cover

circular ducts specifically
Duct B:
1000 mm 10 wide
250 mm 10 high
630 mm 10 diameter
Minimum separation
At least 500 mm
500 mm 50
Elbow duct A
Same-cross section area as duct. End

of elbow sealed
Cross section of 250 mm by 250 mm
Duct restraint
Both ducts abut to furnace wall with end

sealed where it abuts.
Both ducts abut to furnace wall with end

sealed where it abuts.
Full restraint provided 2000 mm 50

outside furnace from penetration point
Full restraint provided 2000 mm 50

outside furnace from penetration point
(duct B only)
Joint arrangement in
duct protection
At least two joints inside furnace and

one outside (vertical ducts one joint
inside furnace and one outside)
one joint inside furnace and one outside

[no greater than 700 mm from
penetration point] (vertical ducts one
joint inside furnace and one outside)
Openings in duct B
At least half the cross-section of the

duct cross section
At least half the cross-section of the

duct cross section but clear this is the
total and each opening is half of that
Supporting construction
Not specifically specified
Various supporting constructions

specified in some detail
Assessment of fire
resistance
Stability
Stability no requirement other than

observing general behaviour in furnace
Integrity (cotton pad, gaps, flaming)
Integrity (volume flow rate-15m/m h),

cotton pad, gaps, flaming)
Insulation
Insulation: additional requirements for

ducts with combustible linings
Smoke leakage (10m/m h)
23
7.
EN FIRE TESTS & CLASSIFICATIONS FOR FIRE RESISTING DUCTS
7.1
GENERAL INFORMATION ON EN FIRE TESTS
The European fire resistance tests and classification system for ducting have their foundations in the ISO 6944
method - which is synonymous with the UK fire resistance test method BS 476: Part 24 method of test. The
International Standard has been used to specify a method of test and criteria for the determination of vertical
and horizontal ventilation with the general purpose to measure the ability of a representative duct or duct
assembly to resist the spread of fire from one compartment to another. It has also been applied to smoke outlet
ducts and to kitchen extract ducts - but it contains limited guidance for the use of ducting in extended fields of
application.
In contrast, the BS EN 1366 test series includes separate fire test methods for ventilation ducts, as BS EN
1366-1, and for smoke control ducts, as BS EN 1366-8 for multi-compartment use and as BS EN 1366-9 for
single compartment use. It is important to differentiate between single and multi-compartment smoke extract
systems.
The European fire test documents include rules for the direct field of application of test data, and a separate
series of documents (pr EN 15882-x) is in preparation to prescribe methods for agreed rules for extended fields
of application of test data from the fire tests.
7.1.2
General information on the field of application of test data for classification
Classification standards BS EN 13501 parts 3 and 4 inform readers which tests must be undertaken to obtain
suitable classification for fire performance. BS EN 13501-3 applies to fire resisting ducts, and BS EN 13501-4
applies to smoke control ducts.
The principle differences between the BS 476 Part 24 test method [derived from ISO 6944] and the European
tests are outlined in Section 6 of this document.
The field of application from tests to BS EN 1366 may be split into two distinct categories viz. direct and
extended fields of application. See Appendices A and B for discussion and further details
Direct field of application (DIAP)
Rules for direct field of application are included in the fire test standards BS EN 1366-1, BS EN 1366-8 and BS
EN 1366-9 according to the application concerned.
The rules are derived from information obtained from tests carried out in accordance with BS EN 1366 at UKAS
accredited or recognised laboratories. The test results achieved by a particular design may be directly applied
to a limited number of variations (e.g. a reduction in duct size) without recourse to expert advice, providing the
design remains substantially as tested See Section 11.2.
ASFP has not reproduced the DIAP rules in this document since they are subject to change and improvement
by CEN. We recommend that the latest copy of EN 1366 Parts 1, 8 and 9 are used for any reference purposes.
ASFP has provided an overview of the likely rules in Appendix A of this document which we hope will aid the
understanding of the readers of this document
Extended application (EXAP)
The rules for extended field of application of test data are formulated from experience of accumulative test data
for various ductwork installations, based on test data from BS EN 1366 Parts 1, 8 or 9, which may be
supplemented by appropriate and relevant historical test evidence generated from other sources. The
assessment considers changes in the tested design beyond the scope of direct application and may also
consider variations to the tested design. For example, an increase in duct size which necessitates the inclusion
of a joint in the duct walls.
The EXAP rules are contained in stand alone documents BS EN 15882-1 in the case of tests made to BS EN
1366-1 and in BS EN 15882-8 for smoke control ducts tested to BS EN 1366 Parts 8 and 9.
ASFP has not reproduced the EXAP rules in this document since they are subject to change and improvement
by CEN. We recommend that the latest copy of EN 15882 Parts 1 and 8 are used for any reference purposes.
ASFP has provided an overview of the likely rules in Appendix A of this document which we hope will aid the
understanding of the readers of this document.
7.2
VENTILATION DUCTS
7.2.1
BS EN 1366-1 Fire resistance tests for service installations: ducts
This EN test for ventilation ducts is also used as a precursor to the Smoke Extract ducts see sections 7.3
and 7.4 - where fire insulation is required to be demonstrated.
24
The test is conducted without the involvement of fire dampers. It is applicable to vertical and horizontal ducts,
taking into account joints, air supply and exhaust openings, as well as suspension devices and penetration
seals.
The performance of the duct assembly is measured in terms of its ability to withstand exposure to high
temperatures, by setting criteria by which the resistance to fire containment (integrity), the thermal transmittance
(insulation) functions, together with the leakage rate of the duct can be judged. The standard temperature/time
fire exposure specified in BS EN 1363-1 is representative of one possible fire exposure condition at the fully
developed fire stage.
The method of test does not quantify the behaviour of a duct for a precise period of time in a real fire situation,
but can be classified for direct field of application to show compliance with fire resistance requirements in
regulations or other safety specifications, and enables comparisons to be made between constructions.
The specimen that is subject to the fire test must be designed and constructed to be representative of how it
would be constructed on site. Two ducts are tested, one where the fire is outside (Duct A), and one where the
fire is inside (Duct B). Both ducts may be tested in either a horizontal or vertical orientation (General views are
provided in Figures 10 to 13).
It is applicable only to four sided and circular ducts. One, two and three sided ducts are not covered.
Note: Where steel ducts are used, these shall have class A leakage in accordance with prEN 1507.
25
Figure 10
General arrangement for vertical ducts as tested to BS EN 1366-1
26
Figure 11
General arrangement for horizontal ducts as tested to BS EN 1366-1
The minimum length of the specimen duct required by the test standard is 4.0m inside the furnace and 2.5m
outside the furnace for horizontal ducts, and 2.0m inside the furnace and 2.0m outside the furnace for vertical
ducts.
The horizontal Duct A is fitted with a branch duct within the furnace. The cross section of Duct A for test is
1000mm x 500mm internally with the branch section of 250mm x 250mm. (For circular ducts, the duct the
diameter is 800mm with the branch of 250mm diameter).
A connection from the end of the Duct A outside the furnace is taken via a condensing unit and leakage
measurement equipment, to a fan that maintains an under-pressure of -300 15Pa inside the duct. (The
condenser traps and removes water from any leakage gases, by reducing the temperature of any gas flow to
below 40 deg C so eliminating erroneous leakage measurements due to moisture).
27
(Note: for ducts that are intended for use as smoke extract ducts, and will be tested to EN 1366-8, the Duct A
will require to be tested at the higher under-pressure of -500 Pa)
The cross section of Duct B for test is 1000mm x 250mm. (For circular ducts, the duct diameter is 630mm). A
fan is also connected to the end Duct B outside the furnace that induces a furnace gas velocity of 3m/s within
the duct, drawn through openings in the sidewall of the duct within the furnace. The velocity is maintained at
3m/s during the fan on periods during the test. Every 30 minutes of the test the fans are switched off for five
minutes to evaluate the integrity of the duct in the fan off situation.
The test specimen is subjected to fire on all four sides. The standard time/temperature exposure is followed.
The furnace pressure is controlled to 153Pa at the mid height on horizontal ducts, or to 203Pa 100mm below
the ceiling for vertical ducts, compared to that of the laboratory.
Thermocouples are applied to the non-fire face of the duct, to the supporting structure and penetration seal
outside the furnace, as required by the standard. Additional thermocouples may be included within the duct
where a duct has a combustible lining, in order to gain additional data on the fire performance.
(Although this is similar to the Annex in BS476: Part 24, this method is not primarily intended for evaluation of a
duct system intended as a kitchen extract duct.)
The tested duct assembly is judged against three performance criteria. These are:
Insulation
Insulation failure shall be as defined in EN1363-1. Only thermocouples placed a distance 325mm from the duct
penetration detail, outside of the furnace are used to determine the average temperature rise (140C) of test
specimen. All fixed thermocouples and the roving thermocouple may be used to determine the maximum
temperature (180C) rise. Ducts with combustible linings shall also be subject to the insulation failure criteria in
EN1363-1 on thermocouples placed inside the duct, inside the furnace. (Duct A).
Integrity
Integrity failure shall also be deemed to have occurred if any of the following are observed.
a)
Integrity failure as defined in EN 1363-1. (When a cotton pad is ignited, or gap openings, or when
sustained flaming, of duration at least 10s, appears on the unexposed face of the test specimen
outside the furnace).
b)
When the volume flow rate measured in Duct A exceeds 15m3/m2/hr at NTP (20C and 1013mbar)
relative to the internal surface of the duct, inside the furnace.
Smoke Leakage
A failure of the smoke leakage criteria, shall be deemed to have occurred if the flow rate in Duct A during the
test exceeds 10m3/m2/hr at NTP (20C and 1013mbar) relative to the internal surface of the duct, inside the
furnace.
Stability
Note: The loss of stability or the partial collapse of Duct B inside of the furnace is not a failure criterion in this
test. However, the partial collapse or loss of cross section in this test may have implications for the expected
behaviour for any subsequent Duct C smoke duct test.
Loss of stability or partial collapse in Duct A will be reflected in the flow rate leakage criteria above.
28
Figure 12
General arrangement for location of thermocouples on vertical ducts, inside the test
furnace, as tested to BS EN 1366-1
29
Figure 13
General arrangement for location of thermocouples on horizontal ducts, inside the test
furnace, as tested to BS EN 1366-1
7.1.2
DIAP rules for the direct field of application of test data for fire resisting ventilation ducts
tested to BS EN 1366-1
See BS EN 1366 Part 1

An overview is provided in Appendix A1
7.1.3 EXAP rules for the extended field of application of test data for ventilation ducts tested to BS EN
1366-1
See BS EN 15882-1
30
7.1.4
Classification of fire resisting ventilation ducts BS EN 13501 Part 3
Some readers may not be familiar with the CEN European system of tests and classification, etc.
The system can be briefly summarised as follows:The product standard will state which European classification system applies to the product being considered.
The Classification system BS EN 13501-3 will tell readers which fire tests have to be undertaken to allow a
classification for fire performance to be made
The fire test standard will normally include the direct rules for the field of application of the test data obtained.
A separate document will provide the rules for extended field of application, beyond the limits of the test data
obtained
For fire resisting ducts, the following classes are defined:
EI 15
E
20
30
30
45
60
90
120
180
240
60
The classification shall indicate if the performance criteria are satisfied by fire from inside or fire from outside or
both, and whether it applies to vertical or horizontal orientations or both. The additions i o, o i or
i o shall be used respectively together with ve and/or ho to indicate orientation (vertical and horizontal).
For example, a classification EI30 (ve ho I o) indicates a ventilation duct capable of satisfying 30 min integrity
and insulation, from inside to outside and vice-versa in both vertical and horizontal applications.
The classification S shall be included, based on satisfaction of the ambient smoke leakage criterion. This shall
be based on a pass/fail test for the leakage. For example, a classification EI30 (ve ho i o) S indicates a duct
with the same performance as above but additionally satisfying the leakage criterion (10 m/(mh).
Failure of the suspension devices does not constitute failure of the test specimen unless it leads to failure of
either E or EI.
7.3
SMOKE EXTRACTION DUCTS (MULTI COMPARTMENTS) TESTED TO BS EN 1366-8
7.3.1
BS EN 1366-8: 2004: Fire resistance tests for service installations: smoke extraction ducts
(multi compartment)
This test method is applicable to fire resisting ducts that have already passed the appropriate period to BS EN
1366-1 (Ducts A and B), - where the Duct A has been tested a differential pressure 500Pa. (A greater under
pressure than the standard pressure indicated in BS EN 1366-1).
Smoke extraction ductwork shall be made of non-combustible materials (Euro class A1 or A2). The specimen
that is subject to the fire test must be designed and constructed to be representative of how it would be
constructed on site.
31
Figure 14
General arrangement for horizontal smoke extract ducts, as tested to BS EN 1366-8 for
multi-compartment use
32
Figure 15
General arrangement for vertical smoke extract ducts, as tested to BS EN 1366-8, for
multi-compartment use.
Whilst the test method has been designed to cover both vertical and horizontal smoke extraction ducts,
provided both horizontal and vertical tests have been carried out to BS EN 1366-1 on the specific system, a
vertical duct need not be evaluated to this method - provided that it is tested in a horizontal orientation to this
method.
If however, the system in practice is only to be used for vertical applications in smoke extraction, (that is, the
horizontal orientated ducts were not tested in BS EN 1366-1), then it will need to be tested in the vertical
orientation to the test method here.
The duct is tested with fire on the inside of the duct (Duct C) See Figure 15.
33
The minimum length of the specimen duct required by the test standard is 3.0m inside the furnace and 4.2m
outside the furnace for horizontal ducts, and 2.0m inside the furnace and 4.25m outside the furnace for vertical
ducts.
The cross section of Duct C for test is 1000mm x 250mm. (For circular ducts, the duct diameter is 560mm). A
fan is connected to the end of the duct outside the furnace that induces a furnace gas velocity of 2m/s 15%
within the duct, drawn through openings in the sidewall of the duct within the furnace.
A perforated plate, appropriate to one of three prescribed differential pressures of 150Pa, -300Pa or 500Pa is
incorporated within the duct, 250mm outside the furnace. The test specimen is subjected to fire on all four
sides. The heating conditions conform to those specified in EN 1363-1 (standard heating curve) and the
selected differential pressure maintained to 3%.
The furnace pressure is controlled to 153Pa at the mid height on horizontal ducts, or to 203Pa 100mm below
the ceiling for vertical ducts, compared to that of the laboratory.
(Note: it is the differential duct pressure that is controlled during the test, not the air velocity.)
Thermocouples are applied to the non-fire face of the duct, and to the supporting structure and penetration seal
outside the furnace, as required by the standard, although these are not required to demonstrate insulation
performance and are for information only. (Insulation performance is taken from the EN 1366-1 test data).
To facilitate observations of reduction of cross-section, an observation window is be located at the end the duct.
7.3.2
DIAP rules for the direct field of application of test data for smoke extraction duct test data
when tested to BS EN 1366-8
See BS EN 1366 Part 8 - An overview is provided in Appendix A3

The DIAP rules are normally part of the EN test standard
Insulation
Test results from the BS EN 1366-1 test are deemed to demonstrate the insulation performance of the duct.
Integrity
Integrity failure shall also be deemed to have occurred if any of the following are observed as defined in BS EN
1363-1. When the cotton pad is ignited or when sustained flaming, of duration at least 10s, appears on the
unexposed face of the test specimen outside the furnace.
Smoke Leakage
A failure of the smoke leakage criteria, shall be deemed to have occurred if the leakage flow rate through the
duct section outside of the furnace, as determined by the Oxygen sensor method exceeds 10m3/m2/hr at NTP
(20C and 1013mbar) relative to the internal surface of the complete duct (inside and outside of the furnace)
Reduction in Cross-section
The internal dimensions (width and height for a rectangular duct, or diameter for a circular duct) shall not
decrease by more than 10% during the test.
Mechanical Stability
The duct inside the furnace collapses, so that is can be judged as not being able to maintain its smoke
extraction or fire resistance function.
7.3.3
EXAP RULES for extended field of application for smoke extraction ducts (multiple
compartments ) tested according to BS EN 1366-8
See BS EN 15882-x
7.3.4
EI
Classifications for Multi-compartment smoke control system ducts BS EN 13501-4

30
60
90
120
The classification is completed by the suffix multi to indicate suitability for multi-compartment use. In addition,
the symbols ve and/or ho indicate the suitability for vertical and/or horizontal use.
S indicates a leakage rate of less than 5m/(h.m). 500, 1000 or 1500 indicates that when tested at these
negative pressures the duct is suitable for use over the range from the tested negative pressure up to a positive
pressure of 500 Pa.
34
7.4
SMOKE EXTRACTION DUCTS (SINGLE COMPARTMENT) TESTED TO BS EN 1366-9
7.4.1
Fire resistance tests for service installations: single compartment smoke extraction ducts
tested according to BS EN 1366-9
This part of EN 1366 specifies a test method for determining the fire resistance of horizontal smoke extraction
ducts that are used for single compartment applications only. In such applications, the smoke extraction system
is only intended to function up to flashover (typically 600 C but other temperatures may be used). It is
applicable to smoke extraction ducts that do not pass through into other fire compartments.
Note: unlike the test in BS EN 1366-8, it is not a prerequisite that the duct is tested to BS EN 1366-1.
For smoke extraction ducts that pass through into other compartments, the method of test described in BS EN
1366-8 should be used.
This method of test is only suitable for ducts constructed from non-combustible materials (Euro class A1 and
A2-s1, d0).
The method described in this test standard is complex and requires sophisticated instrumentation. Whilst it is
permitted, it is not recommended that multiple assemblies are tested together.
The specimen that is subject to the fire test must be designed and constructed to be representative of how it
would be constructed on site. A single duct is tested, with fire on the inside of the horizontal duct. See Figures
16
35
Figure 16
General arrangement for horizontal smoke extract ducts, as tested to BS EN 1366-9 for
single compartment use.
The minimum length of the specimen duct required by the test standard is 3.0m inside the furnace and 4.2m outside the furnace.
The cross section of duct for test is 1000mm x 250mm. (For circular ducts, the duct diameter is 560mm). A fan is connected to the end of
the duct outside the furnace that induces a furnace gas velocity of 2m/s 15% within the duct, drawn through openings in the sidewall of
the duct within the furnace.
A perforated plate appropriate to one of three prescribed differential pressures of 150Pa, -300Pa or 500Pa is incorporated within the
duct, 250mm outside the furnace. The test specimen is subjected to fire on all four sides.
The heating conditions and the furnace atmosphere conform to those specified in EN 1363-1 (or, if applicable, EN 1363-2) until 600 C is
reached. The mean temperature of the 6 furnace thermocouples shall be reached between 5 to 10 minutes from igniting the first furnace
burner. After 10 minutes this temperature shall be maintained between +70, -0 C for the rest of the test. The furnace pressure shall be
controlled to (15 3) Pa throughout the test at the mid-height position of the ducts in the furnace.
36
To facilitate observations of reduction of cross-section, an observation window is be located at the end the duct
or other suitable place.
Smoke extraction ductwork, for use in combination with smoke exhaust fans and which is intended to extract
smoke from the compartment to outside, without passing through other fire compartments, Thermocouples to
measure insulation are not required to the duct, nor to the supporting structure or penetration seal outside the
furnace.
Smoke Leakage
A failure of the smoke leakage criteria, shall be deemed to have occurred if the leakage flow rate
through the duct section outside of the furnace, as determined by the Oxygen sensor method exceeds
10m3/m2/hr at NTP (20C and 1013mbar) relative to the internal surface of the complete duct (inside
and outside of the furnace)
Reduction in Cross-section
The internal dimensions (width and height for rectangular duct or diameter for circular duct) of the
smoke extract duct shall not decrease by more than 10% during the test inside and outside of the
furnace.
Mechanical Stability
The duct inside the furnace collapses, so that is can be judged as not being able to maintain its smoke
extraction or fire resistance function.
(Fire insulation and fire integrity are not required)
7.4.2
Direct field of application for single compartment smoke extract ducts tested to BS EN 1366-9
The DIAP rules are normally part of the BS EN test standard

7.4.3
Extended field of application for single compartment smoke extract ducts fire tested to BS EN
15882-Y
See BS EN 15882-Y
7.4.4
Classification for single compartment smoke control ducts according to BS EN 13501-4

E300
30
60
90
120
E600
30
60
90
120
The classification is completed by the suffix single to indicate suitability for single compartment use only. In
addition, the symbols, ve and/or ho indicate the suitability for vertical and/or horizontal use.
S indicates a leakage rate of less than 5m/(h.m). 500, 1000 or 1500 indicates that when tested at these
negative pressures the duct is suitable for use over the range from the tested negative pressure up to a positive
pressure of 500 Pa.
37
APPENDICES A1 to A6
APPENDIX A1:
Explanatory notes for the rules of direct field of application of test data (DIAP) for
ducts tested to EN 1366-1
A.1.1
INTRODUCTION
The formal DIAP rules are part of the European test standard EN 1366-1 which is published as BS EN 1366-1
in the United Kingdom.
The formal rules allow certain variations in ductwork systems without declassification of the data from the tested
ductwork configuration, and without the need to seek further expert/specialist fire safety advice. Section A.1.2
provides an overview of the formal rules for direct field of application of data obtained from fire tests to BS EN
1366-1
A.1.2
Overview of the critical parameters for direct rules of application, DIAP
The following text provides a brief description of the principles behind the rules for the direct field of application
of test results. For full details refer to BS EN 1366-1, Section 13.
Shape of ducts
The field of direct application only covers circular and rectangular ducts with 4 sides.
Vertical and horizontal ducts
Test results are not interchangeable between vertical and horizontal ducts.
Sizes of ducts
Provided that the standard sizes of duct are tested, as detailed within the test standard, a limited extrapolation is
permitted for larger sizes of duct. Ducts smaller than those tested are also covered.
Pressure difference
The maximum tested under-pressure in duct A is applicable to the same maximum over-pressure provided that
the integrity criteria were satisfied for duct B. Lower values of under and overpressures are also allowed. If
higher values are possible then additional testing may be needed.
Height of vertical ducts
Ducts supported at each storey

Limits are given for the distance between supporting constructions and for the size of the ducts
compared to the distance between supporting constructions. The latter is to avoid buckling of the ducts.
Self load bearing ducts

If additional loads are applied to the tested duct then the overall height between supports may relate to
the load applied in the test.
Guidance is given on the ratio between the size of the duct and the distance between supporting
constructions - to prevent damage to the duct assembly due to buckling of the vertical duct.
Suspension devices for horizontal ducts

Maximum values are given for tensile stress and shear stress within the steel suspension devices.
Guidance is also given with regard to the length and positioning of the suspension devices.
The bending stress in the horizontal load bearing member of the suspension device shall not exceed that
tested.
Supporting construction
Guidance is given with regard to alternative fire resistant supporting constructions, through which the fire
resisting duct passes, compared to that utilised in the fire test.
Steel ducts
Guidance is given with regard to the leakage values of steel ducts and stiffeners fitted to a steel duct.
38
APPENDIX A2
Explanatory notes for the rules of extended field of application of test data (EXAP)
according to BS EN 15882-1, for ducts tested to BS EN 1366-1
A.2.1
INTRODUCTION
The formal EXAP rules are published separately as BS EN 15882-1 in the United Kingdom.
ductwork configuration. Section B2 provides an overview of the formal rules for the extended field of application
of data obtained from fire tests to BS EN 1366-1
A.2.2
Overview of the critical parameters for extended field of application, EXAP
The following provides a brief description of the principles behind the rules for the extended field of application
of test results. For full details refer to BS EN 15882-1.
Shape of ducts
The test results are not interchangeable between ducts with a different shape, e.g. circular and rectangular
ducts.
Test results are not interchangeable between vertical and horizontal ducts.
Fire exposure of ducts
Test results are not interchangeable between internal fire exposure and external fire exposure.
Sizes of ducts
For rectangular ducts with a cross section larger than 1250mm wide x 1000mm high and for circular ducts with
a cross section larger than 1000mm diameter, additional tests are required as described in BS EN 15882-1. If
additional tests are undertaken as described in prEN15882-1, the maximum sizes may be extended up to
2500mm wide x 1250mm high for rectangular ducts and up to 1250mm diameter for circular ducts.
Pressure difference
If pressure differentials are required for the ducts that are higher than those tested or 300Pa, whichever is the
greater, then additional tests are required as described in BS EN 15882-1.
Height of vertical ducts
If the unsupported height between floors is greater than 5m then additional tests are required as described in
prEN 15882-1.
Suspension devices for horizontal ducts
The maximum values for tensile stress and shear stress within the steel suspension devices are as given in
prEN 15882-1, Table 5. For unprotected hangers with a length more than 1.5m, precautions must be taken to
prevent the extension of the hangers exceeding 40mm. Guidance is also given with regard to the fixing and
positioning of the suspension devices.
The bending stress in the horizontal load-bearing member of the suspension device shall not exceed that
tested.
Access panels
If access panels are to be fitted to the duct system then an access panel of the same design must be tested as
described in BS EN 1366-1.
Construction details and parameters that may affect the fire resistance performance of ducts
Construction details and parameters that may affect the fire resistance performance of ducts are listed in Table
4 of prEN 15882-1. The table includes the likely influence of these factors on the performance criteria and
includes rules stating whether or not the factors will adversely affect the fire resistance performance and
whether additional tests are necessary.
Factors included in the table are:
Orientation Vertical or horizontal

Fire exposure Fire outside or inside
Presence of combustible materials within duct
39
Changes in negative pressure

Positive pressure
Change in shape (e.g. rectangular to circular)
Pieces of ductwork for change of direction or cross section or for separation of air streams
Height of cross section
Width of cross section
Thickness of protection
Length of duct between flanges/spigot
Distance between board joints
Change in wall/floor type or thickness
Change in diameter of cross section for circular ducts
Change of protection material
Distance between stiffeners
Number of protective layers
Changes in penetration seal system around duct
Effect of access panels
Hangers Changes in length, tensile stress, position relative to any duct joint
Bearers Bending stress, shear stress, section modulus
Anchors Type of anchor, chemical or mechanical, strength, penetration depth
Self-weight of duct
Hanger protection
Length of vertical ducts between supports
Effect of supports on vertical ducts
Steel duct properties Galvanised to stainless steel, stainless to galvanised steel, flange to spigot,
spigot to flange
Mechanical fixings Screws to staples, staples to screws
Inclined/sloping ducts
Corner joint details Changes in arrangement of corner joints for ducts constructed with boards
See prEN 15882-1 for more detailed explanations.
APPENDIX A3: Explanatory notes for the rules of direct field of application of test
data (DIAP) for ducts tested to BS EN 1366-8
A.3.1
Introduction
1366-8
A.3.2
The following provides a brief description of the principles behind the rules for the direct field of application of
test results. The method of test is only appropriate to fire resisting ducts that have passed the test for the
appropriate period to BS EN 1366-1 (ducts A and B). For duct A, it is a requirement for fire resisting smoke
extraction ducts that the document under pressure of 300Pa, as given in BS EN 1366-1, is increased to 500Pa
when testing to EN 1366-1. For full details refer to BS EN 1366-8, Section 13.
Shape of ducts
The field of direct application only covers ducts tested to BS EN 1366-1, ducts A (500Pa under-pressure) and B,
and BS EN 1366-8. No extrapolation to one, two or three sided ducts is permitted.
A test result obtained for horizontal smoke extraction ducts is only applicable to horizontal smoke extraction
ducts unless vertical ducts are made to the same design and vertical ducts A and B have been tested to BS EN
1366-1 without failure.
Sizes of ducts
40
Pressure difference
Up to a value of 500Pa the maximum tested under pressure in duct C is applicable to the same maximum
overpressure. Above 500Pa, up to 1500Pa, the maximum tested under pressure in duct C is applicable to a
maximum overpressure of 500Pa. If higher values are possible then additional testing may be needed.
APPENDIX A4: Explanatory notes for the rules of extended field of application of
test data (EXAP) according to EN 15882-8, for ducts tested to BS EN 1366-8
A.4.1
INTRODUCTION
A.4.2
OVERVIEW OF THE CRITICAL PARAMETERS
The following text provides a brief description of the principles behind the rules for the extended field of
application of test results. For full details refer to BS EN 15882-8
APPENDIX A5: Explanatory notes for the rules of direct field of application of test
data (DIAP) for ducts tested to EN 1366-9
A.5.1
Introduction
1366-9
A.5.2
The following provides a brief description of the principles behind the rules for the direct field of application of
test results. The method of test is only appropriate to smoke extraction ducts that do not pass through into
other fire compartments. It represents fire exposure of a developing fire (pre-flashover). For full details refer to
BS EN 1366-9, Section 13.
Shape of ducts
The field of direct application only covers circular and four-sided rectangular ducts. No extrapolation to one, two
or three sided ducts is permitted.
Test is designed for horizontal ducts only.
Sizes of ducts
Pressure difference
Up to a value of 500Pa the maximum tested under pressure in duct C is applicable to the same maximum
overpressure. Above 500Pa, up to 1500Pa, the maximum tested under pressure in duct C is applicable to a
maximum overpressure of 500Pa. If higher values are possible then additional testing may be needed.
APPENDIX A6: Explanatory notes for the rules of extended field of application of
test data (EXAP) according to EN 15882-8, for ducts tested to EN 1366-9
A.6.1
INTRODUCTION
41
A.6.2
Overview of the critical parameters for extended field of application, EXAP
The following provides a brief description of the principles behind the rules for the extended field of application
of test results. For full details refer to BS EN 15882-8.
APPENDIX B: Explanatory guidance for the use of fire stopping as penetration

seals, support systems & ancillary items
B.1
PENETRATION SEALS
Where ductwork passes through a compartment wall or floor it must be ensured that the fire separation of the
wall or floor is maintained. This is usually achieved in one of two ways:
i)
ii)
For fire resisting ductwork a penetration seal is fitted between the duct and the wall or floor. The
penetration seal and the ductwork are considered as one integral system and for the field of direct
application must be the same as that tested or assessed in accordance with BS 476: Part 24.
For non-fire resisting ductwork a fire damper must be fitted in the plane of the wall or floor. The
damper and associated penetration seal must be installed to a procedure substantiated by test.
Note that the damper must be mounted in the wall or floor and must be supported/ restrained
independently of the ductwork.
Where fire resisting ductwork adjoins a damper fitted in a wall or floor the penetration seal to the wall or floor
must be installed as (ii) above.
The primary reason for providing fire-resisting ductwork systems is to maintain the fire resistance of a
compartment wall or floor of a building. It is therefore critical that the correct method of sealing any gaps around
the ductwork is used as it passes through any compartment wall or floor. This detail is one of the most common
reasons for the failure of the ductwork system in a fire resistance test.
The fire resistance test for ducts (BS EN 1366) is designed to evaluate the fire performance of the duct
penetration seal system through a wall or floor construction (the fire separating element), as well as the fire
performance of the duct system itself. The purpose of the penetration seal system is to seal the gap between
the duct walls and the surrounding wall or floor. In a fire situation, an integrity failure of the penetration seal
system is often caused by the movement or distortion of the duct. Therefore it is not possible to separate the
fire performance of the penetration seal from the construction of the duct.
A successful test on a penetration seal fitted around one type of duct construction does not mean that the
penetration seal is suitable for use with a different type of duct construction. Similar comments apply for duct
sizes other than that tested.
Usually the penetration seal will be suitable for duct sizes smaller than that tested, but the construction of the
duct may have to be modified or the duct locally strengthened at the penetration, for duct sizes larger than that
tested.
Most of the fire tests on duct penetration seal systems have been carried out through concrete floors or
masonry/concrete walls. If the fire separating element is of a different type of construction from that tested, for
example a timber floor or a fire rated partition system, then an indicative fire test and an assessment should be
carried out to ensure that the duct penetration seal system and/or any damper restraint system is compatible
with the different fire separating element for the required fire rating.
The EN 1366 fire tests on ducts are carried out on specimens in the horizontal orientation and in the vertical
orientation. The fire performance of the penetration seal system must be demonstrated for the orientation in
which the duct is being used, or have been assessed as being suitable. If the penetration seal system fails to
satisfy the test criteria during the test then the duct or damper system is also deemed to have failed.
The performance of the system will depend on several factors as follows:
B.1.1
Thermal expansion or shrinkage of ductwork system

Systems based on steel ductwork will expand in fire, and self-supporting systems may shrink. This
movement may dislodge the seal.
B.1.2
Deformation of ductwork
The sides of any ductwork system are likely to deform in fire conditions. In particular, the top
horizontal face of horizontal ducts will tend to sag, causing gaps to form at the seal. The extent of any
42
deformation will depend on a) the size of the duct, b) the materials used to form the ductwork, c) the
location of any joints or stiffeners in the system within, or close to, the wall or floor, d) the location of
any internal stiffeners within, or close to, the wall or floor, e) the size of any stiffeners and f) the
position and size of the hangers on both sides of the wall.
B.1.3
Gap size
The size of the gap between the duct and the wall or the floor will affect the performance of the seal.
Generally, the bigger the gap, the more likely a failure is to occur. However, if gaps have been sealed
with intumescing materials, a reduction in the gap size may have an adverse effect, as the amount of
intumescing material in the gap may be inadequate to allow effective expansion, or to seal any
increase in the gap size during a fire.
B.1.4
Collars
Several ductwork systems employ collars fitted around the ductwork on each side of the wall or floor
as part of the penetration sealing system. The collars used in the fire test may have been fixed to the
ductwork, or to the wall or floor, or to both. The collars should be fixed as tested. The size of the collar
should be adequate to overlap the wall, partition, or floor to at least the same extent as tested.
Generally, it is not advisable to fix the collar to both the ductwork and a non-load bearing partition as
the thermal movement of the ductwork may have an adverse effect on the performance of the
partition.
B.1.5
Surrounding construction
The performance of the seal will depend on the type and depth of the wall, partition, or floor.
Generally, the surrounding construction must have at least the same fire resistance as the
construction used in the test, and can be thicker, denser, or have more layers of board, as
appropriate. The performance of the seal may vary depending on the type of surrounding construction
it is passing through. For example, if the ductwork has been tested passing through a concrete wall,
its performance may be different when passing through a lightweight partition system.
B.1.6
Specification of seal
The specification of the seal fitted to the duct at the penetrations through fire compartment walls and
floors should be the same as the tested system.
B.2
SUPPORT SYSTEMS
The support systems used for fire resisting ductwork must be capable of bearing the load of the ductwork under
fire conditions. The support system consists of the hangers and bearers, the fixings and brackets. Attention
must be given to the spacing of the supports and the size of the support components in accordance with the
manufacturers test data and recommendations. For the required fire rating, do not exceed
The maximum allowable span of the duct between supports
the maximum distance of the hangers from the side of the duct
the maximum allowable stress within the components of the supports
The fixings should be carefully selected for the substrate and loading. They should be non-combustible and/or
shown by test to be suitable for the fire rating conditions
Stresses within the support components can be reduced by increasing the size of the components, or reducing
the spacing of the supports, or applying fire protection to the support systems.
If supports were positioned at all duct joints within the furnace in the fire test then the supports must be
located at all duct joints in practice.
The element of building construction to which the support systems are attached must have a fire rating of
at least that specified for the duct and be able to support the weight of the duct under fire conditions.
B.3
ANCILLARY ITEMS / IN-LINE EQUIPMENT
A fire rated duct will often adjoin a component or structure which does not form part of the tested ductwork
system, and could have in-line equipment and control devices such as balancing dampers, filters, attenuators,
fans, etc. The performance characteristics of the fire-rated duct must be continued through these ancillary
items of equipment to ensure the fire resistance of the system is maintained.
Fire Dampers
It is not recommended for fire resisting ductwork to be randomly used to rectify incorrect installation or
positioning of dampers (e.g. in situations where a damper tested only for installation in the plane of a wall
or floor has been installed remote from a wall or floor). It may be possible to protect the duct on both
43
sides of the wall up to the damper to ensure that fire compartment is maintained, and that the fire
damper can operate as intended., provided that a positive independent assessment has been carried out
B.4
INTERFACE BETWEEN FIRE RESISTING DUCTWORK & ELEMENTS OF CONSTRUCTION
Responsibility for the satisfactory performance of each element of building construction (e.g. walls, floors, cavity
barriers, etc.) lies with the installer of each particular element. The change over of responsibility occurs at the
interface between the fire resisting ductwork and the elements. It is imperative that the interface detail does not
compromise the fire performance of either the element of building construction or the fire rated duct.
The building designer, mechanical services designer and the installer all have a responsibility to pay due care
to this detail.
APPENDIX C: Limitations of fire resisting ductwork systems

General
This list sets out the principal limitations in the scope of the guidance given in this publication and is not
intended to be exhaustive.
a)
The term Fire resisting ductwork is deemed to refer to a system as tested or assessed in
accordance with BS EN 1366-1. As the vast majority of tests on steel ducts are conducted with rigid
ducts it is not appropriate to extrapolate this data for flexible steel ducts. Therefore, unless the flexible
steel duct system has been tested in accordance with BS EN 1366-1, this guidance cannot be
assumed to apply.
b)
Service ducts are not included within this guidance.
c)
Fire resisting ductwork systems shall be deemed to include all the components as tested or assessed,
including supporting systems and penetration seals. Reference is made to the Field of Application
section within this guidance.
d)
The element of building construction to which the support systems are attached must have a fire rating
of at least that specified for the duct and be able to support the weight of the duct under fire
conditions.
e)
Fire resistance of a fire resisting ductwork system shall be expressed as the three time period
components - stability, integrity and insulation. Where only a single time period is expressed it shall
be deemed to apply to all three components, unless clearly defined otherwise. (e.g. 90 minutes,
stability & integrity only).
f)
It is essential when choosing a fire rated duct system that it is fit for the purpose to which it is being
applied. Considerations other than the successful completion of a BS EN 1366-1 fire test on a sample
section of ductwork may need to be given when assessing the suitability of a fire rated duct for a
particular application.
g)
During any defined non-fire operating conditions, fire resisting ductwork must be capable of both
performing and being tested to the ductwork classification and the air leakage limits of the designated
ductwork specification, e.g. DW /144.
h)
In general, the air flow characteristics of ductwork and its associated components such as bends,
branches and changes of section must all be in accordance with DW /144 and CIBSE Technical
Memoranda TM8, Design Notes for Ductwork.
i)
In the case of an existing metal duct, where application of a fire insulation cladding material to
provide fire resistance is considered, it is imperative that the construction standard of the metal duct is
checked for conformity with the appropriate fire test report. Similarly, the construction of a newly
erected metal duct should be the subject of like scrutiny. Metal gauge, spacing & size of flanges and
stiffeners, bolting centres, use of steel / aluminium rivets, sealants, spacing of hanger supports and
fixing method to the soffit should all be checked for compliance with the fire tested construction. It is
not sufficient to rely on a DW/144 construction classification for fitness for purpose in this regard.
j)
For the purposes of independent assessment, laboratories accredited by UKAS for conducting the
relevant test might be expected to have the necessary expertise.
k)
It is recommended that the installed fire rated duct system be verified by the use of a quality system,
based upon the ISO 9000 Series. This will enable the supplier/installer to provide documentary
evidence of the conformity of the installed system and its components. Verification will required and
44
include research, checking or test of existing ductwork installations which are being modified and / or
over-cladding to provide a fire rated system.
l)
Light gauge specifications such as DW/144 recognise many machine forming techniques for ancillary
items such as air turning vanes and the increased gauges associated with fire resisting ductwork
systems may not only preclude the use of such techniques but may also, out of necessity, introduce a
geometric change that may require the approval of the HVAC designer in terms of a component's air
flow characteristics.
m)
A fire rated duct tested to BS EN 1366- 1 (Ventilation duct test) which meets criteria of stability,
integrity and insulation may not be suitable for kitchen extract application or smoke extract application
unless proven by additional test criteria, as outlined in Appendix A
n)
For the field of direct application, any penetration seal must be the same as that used in the original
BS EN 1366-1 test, see section 6.1
o)
Where fire dampers are connected to a fire rated duct it is assumed by this guidance note that the
combined installation is adequate for the required fire resistance. However it is incumbent upon the
designers and providers of such damper installations to verify that they have been appropriately tested
adopting the procedures and criteria of BS EN 1366-1.
p)
This guidance does not address the complex and detailed issue of fire and/or smoke dampers or any
other fire resisting components or elements of structure with which the fire resisting ductwork system
interfaces, save for their assumed levels of adequacy. Responsibility is therefore deemed to end with
the interface.
q)
Special care must be taken with in-line items of equipment such as fans, volume control dampers,
attenuators etc. Where such items are within a fire resisting ductwork run, the item of equipment must
maintain the full fire performance of the duct into which it is fitted or it must be installed within its own
fire rated enclosure (same performance as the duct). Access provisions to the ductwork for cleaning
and maintenance should also maintain the fire performance of the duct to which they are fitted.
r)
The expansion of the ductwork could cause excessive forces on an associated wall or floor
construction and penetration seals, which, could result in their failure under fire conditions. The
ductwork route should either be reconsidered, to lessen the effect of expansion on the penetration
seals, or fire resisting expansion devices/compensators should be included within the ductwork.
APPENDIX D: Regulations, codes and requirements

D.1
INTRODUCTION TO REGULATIONS
Fire protection is intended to preserve life and property. Effective fire retardant products and systems play a
critical role in restricting the spread of flame and in reducing the rate of heat release from surfaces and thereby
help limit the contribution that that the fabric of the building makes to the fire growth.
In very simple terms, building work in the United Kingdom is regulated in the following manner:
UK Parliament produces Statutes (Acts of Parliament), edicts of the legislature.
Modern Acts contain provisions which authorise others, office-holders or Bodies (e.g., a Secretary
of State), to make regulations on particular subjects within the scope of application of an Act.
Finally, official bodies, such as departments of state, may publish approved documents which may
either (a) give advice about compliance with an Act or Regulations, or (b) cite other sources of
relevant information (such as British Standards).
D.2
BUILDING REGULATION IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
D.2.1
England and Wales
There are two principal branches of building legislation and fire safety in England and Wales.
Building control is affected by the Building Act 1984 and its subsidiary legislation and guidance
documents.
It regulates new building work or material alterations to existing buildings.
Requirements to establish and maintain fire safety in buildings in use are contained in the
Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 (clause 5.3)
45
D.2.2
Building Act 1984
The Building Act consolidated much of the primary legislation relating to building which then existed in other
Acts of Parliament. Much of the Act is concerned with building regulations and related matters.
The current Building Regulations are the descendants of a long line of Statutory Instruments on the topic and
the 2000 version (The Statutory Instrument Building Regulations 2000 (SI 2000, No. 2531)) has been amended
several times since first issued. The Building Regulations present the requirements which must be complied
with, in terms of design and construction, broadly to ensure the health and safety of those who occupy or visit
buildings.
Approved Documents exist in support of the Building Regulations and are issued by the Secretary of State, and
are aimed at providing guidance for those seeking to meet the requirements of the Building Regulations in a
prescriptive manner.
D.2.3
Scotland
In Scotland there is a similar divide, the relevant legislation is the Building (Scotland) Regulations 2004 (Scottish
Statutory Instrument 2004 No. 406,), for new buildings of alterations and the Fire (Scotland) Act 2005 for
existing buildings. Guidance on achieving the standards set in the Building Regulations is contained in the
Scottish Technical Handbooks (revised in May 2007), which are available in two volumes, dealing with
Domestic and Non-domestic buildings. The Handbooks are available to view online or download in full or part in
PDF format via www.sbsa.gov.uk/tech_handbooks/tbooks2007
D.2.4
Northern Ireland
In Northern Ireland, the controlling legislation is the Building Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2000 (Statutory
Rule 2000 No. 389, as amended).
Building control matters are the responsibility of the Department of Finance and Personnel, which produces a
series of Technical Booklets to aid compliance with the Regulations. Technical Booklet E covers fire safety: for
more information go to www.dfpni.gov.uk and search successively for Building Regulations and Technical
Booklets.
D.2.5
Isle of Man
In the Isle of Man building control operates via the Manx Governments Building Regulations 2003, Statutory
Document No. 829/03, made under the Islands Building Control Act 1991.
D.2.6
Channel Islands
The procedure for building control varies across the islands but is broadly similar to the system in England and
Wales, comprising an item of subsidiary legislation supported by a set of technical guidance publications. They
are Regulations in Guernsey, but Byelaws in Jersey.
NOTES
1.
For new buildings, buildings which are changing their use, and for extensions or alterations to existing
buildings, reference should be made to the guidance given in the above mentioned documents.
2.
For commercial and industrial buildings, property and business insurance may also be an important
consideration. Useful information can be found in the FPA Design Guide for the Fire Protection of
Buildings or go to www.thefpa.co.uk
D.3
FIRE SAFETY LEGISLATION FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS
D.3.1
Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005
The UK Government carried out a major review of many existing pieces of legislation relating to fire safety, the
main aim being to arrive at a single, simplified fire safety regime which would have general application across
workplaces and non-domestic premises. The result was the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005, which
came into effect on 1 October 2006 and applies in England and Wales. It covers general fire precautions and
other fire safety duties needed to protect relevant persons in case of fire in and around most premises. The
Order requires fire precautions to be put in place where necessary and to the extent that it is reasonable and
practicable in the circumstances of the case.
The new system of regulation is risk-assessment based and includes the provision that the person responsible
for a building should undertake duties for fire safety therein. Risk assessment is a vital part of the planning
process and is dealt with below. Experienced designers will know all about the Building Regulations as they
apply to domestic or other types of buildings. They may only just be finding out about the possible effects of the
Regulatory Reform Order. It is a Statutory Instrument which repeals a great deal of existing fire safety legislation
and while a full account of its provisions is beyond the scope of this publication the text of the Order is available
at www.opsi.gov.uk (the website of the Office of Public Sector Information), (SI 2005 No 1541). The
Department for Communities and Local Government (CLG) has published a series of guides which introduce
46
employers, managers, occupiers and owners to the new fire safety regime as it affects a variety of types of
premises, under the generic title Fire safety risk assessment
While the Order is principally an item of secondary legislation dealing with responsibilities for and practicalities
of implementing fire safety in workplaces (and some parts of blocks of flats and of houses in multiple
occupation), designers may find that the Order brings them on board much earlier in the process, at the stage of
considering fire risk assessments for new workplaces or major alterations of existing premises. Approved
Document B indicates that a preliminary risk assessment can be used as part of a Building Regulations
submission and can help identify if any additional features need to be considered with respect to the first
occupation of a building.
The local fire and rescue authority is the enforcing authority for the provisions of the Order. Guidance on the
consultation procedures that should be adopted to ensure that the requirements of all enforcing authorities are
addressed at the stage of Building Regulations approval is given in the publication Building Regulation and Fire
Safety: Procedural Guidance (published jointly by CLG and the Welsh Assembly Government)
Supporting Documents
The following supporting documents may be useful, but is not an exhaustive list
11 new Risk Assessment Guides for buildings in different types of occupation
Department of Health HTM 05 Series, including
- HTM 05-01 Managing Healthcare fire safety
- HTM 05-02A Guidance in support of functional requirements
- HTM 05-02B Fire engineering provisions
- HTM 05-03 Operational provisions
A new publication from the Department for Children, Schools and Families entitled Building Bulletin 100
Designing & managing against the risk of fire in schools. [replaced BB 7 - Fire and the design of
educational buildings (DES) 1988]
D.3.2
Fire (Scotland) Act 2005
In Scotland, Part 3 of the Fire (Scotland) Act 2005 - and related subordinate legislation also introduced a new
fire safety regime on 1st October 2006. This legislation is also based on the ongoing fire safety risk assessment
of buildings. Similar changes are expected in Northern Ireland. In all cases, this means that Fire Certificates will
be abolished and an existing fire certificate will no longer have effect. The responsibility will be with all those
having any degree of control over nearly all non-domestic premises, along with Houses in Multiple Occupation
D.3.3
Government sources of further information
www.planningportal.gov.uk
www.infoscotland.com/firelaw and
www2.dfpni.gov.uk/buildingregulations
D.4
CONSTRUCTION DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS 2007
The Construction Design and Management Regulations (CDM) require all concerned in the process from design
inception to completion of the building to prepare a file (the CDM file) containing details of all the work
undertaken and materials used where safety is concerned. The CDM file can be an invaluable source of
information on all aspects of fire safety work in the construction of the building that may be used by the
occupant when preparing maintenance plans, modifications to the building or Fire Risk Assessments as
required by the Fire Precautions (Workplace) Regulations.
The relevant web page is http://www.hse.gov.uk/construction/cdm/summary.htm
D5
OTHER DOCUMENTS
London District Surveyors Association
Fire Safety Guide No 1 - Section 20 Buildings: 1997
Fire Prevention Association
FPA Design Guide for the Fire Protection of Buildings, together with other publications on behalf of the
RISCAuthority insurance organisation www.thefpa.co.uk/publications. See www.thefpa.co.uk
APPENDIX E: Bibliography
E.1
BRITISH STANDARDS
BS 476: Fire Tests on Building Materials and Structures
Part 4:
1970
Non-combustibility test for materials
1984
Non-combustibility test for materials
47
Part 6:
1981
1989
Method of test for fire propagation for products

Method of test for fire propagation for products
Part 7:
1971
1987
1997
Surface spread of flame test for materials

Method for classification of the surface spread of flame of products
Method of test to determine the classification of the surface spread of flame of
products
Part 11: 1982

1988
Method for assessing the heat emission from building materials

Method for assessing the heat emission from building materials
Part 20: 1987
Method for determination of the fire resistance of Elements of construction (general

principles)
Part 21: 1987
Methods for determination of the fire resistance of load bearing elements of

construction
Part 22: 1987
Methods for determination of the fire resistance of non-load bearing elements of

construction
Part 23: 1987
Methods for determination of the contribution of components to the fire resistance

of a structure
Part 24: 1987
Method for determination of the fire resistance of ventilation ducts (ISO 6944)
BS 5669 for impact test information

BS 7346 Components for smoke and heat control systems;
Part 2: 1990 Specification for powered smoke and heat exhaust ventilators
E.2
E.3
BS 8313: 1989
Code of practice for accommodation of building services in ducts.
BS ISO 10294
Fire Resistance tests - Fire dampers for air distribution systems

Part 1: 1996 - Test method.
Part 2: 1999 Classification, criteria & field of application of test results
Part 3: 1999 Guidance on the test method
Part 4: 2001 Test of thermal release mechanism
Part 5: 2005 Intumescent fire dampers
ISO STANDARDS (International Organisation for Standardisation)

ISO 834:
Fire resistance tests Elements of building construction
ISO 834-1:1999
Fire resistance tests Elements of building construction:

Part 1 General requirements
ISO 6944-1
Fire Resistance Tests Elements of building construction:

Part 1 Ventilation ducts
ISO 6944-2
Fire resistance tests Elements of building construction:

Part 2 Kitchen extract ducts
ISO 9000: 2000
Quality management systems Fundamentals and vocabulary
IS0 9001: 2000
Quality management systems Requirements
EUROPEAN STANDARDS (CEN)

BS EN 1366
Fire resistance tests for service installation BS EN 1366-1: 1999 Part 1 - Ducts
BS EN 1366-2: 1999 Part 2 - Fire dampers
BS EN 1366-3
Part 3 - Penetration seals
BS EN 1366-4
Part 4 - Linear joint seals
BS EN 1366-5
Part 5 - Service ducts and shafts
BS EN 1366-8
Part 8 - Multi compartment smoke extraction ducts
BS EN 1366-9
Part 9 - Single compartment smoke extraction ducts
BS EN 1366-10
Part 10 - Smoke control dampers
BS EN 13501:
Fire classification of construction products and building elements:
48
BS EN 12101-7
E.4
Part 1: Classification using data from reaction to fire tests

Part 2: Classification using data from fire resistance tests, excluding ventilation
services
Part 3: Classification using data from fire resistance tests on products and
elements used in building service installations: fire resisting ducts and fire
dampers
Part 4: Classification using data from fire resistance test on components of
smoke control systems
Smoke and heat control systems
Part 7: Smoke control ducts
BS EN 15882-1
EXAP rules for fire resisting ducts tested to EN 1366-1
BS EN 15882-8
EXAP rules for fire resisting ducts tested to EN 1366-8 or EN 1366-9
HVCA DOCUMENTS
DW/143: 2000
A practical guide to ductwork leakage testing
DW/144: 1998
Specification for sheet metal ductwork; low medium and high pressure velocity
systems (supersedes DW/142)
DW/145:2008
Guide to good practice for the installation of fire and smoke dampers
DW/172: 2005
Standard for kitchen ventilation systems
TR/19: 2005
HVCA Guide to good practice Internal cleanliness of ventilations systems
APPENDIX F: Standard specifications & method of measurement of building

works
F.1 STANDARD METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF BUILDING WORKS
The measurement of fire resisting ductwork should follow the guidelines of Tables Y30 and Y31 of SMM7
[Standard method of measurement - 7th Edition: 2000] as published by the Royal Institution of Chartered
Surveyors, ISBN 08540 63609.
It is essential that any bill of quantities description for fire resisting ductwork includes ALL of the following. This
is a minimum list for fire assessments to be reliably made.
Duct function ventilating, smoke extract or kitchen extract

Duct type self supporting construction, factory made fire resisting duct, or fire protection cladding added
to specified steel ducts
Duct orientation horizontal or vertical
Duct size longer side or diameter
Thickness of steel, board and/or coating
Duct shape
Any stiffening of the duct panel
Any stiffening of the duct , the type and maximum spacing
Any use of internal duct stiffeners or tie rods
Maximum duct section length
Type, shape and size of cross joints
Maximum spacing for hangers and bearers
Any required fire protection layers or insulation with material, thickness and fixings
Fire resistance requirement - e.g., 60 minutes stability, 60 minutes integrity and 60 minutes insulation
when tested in accordance with EN 1366)
The detail of the seal at any service penetration through compartment walls, floors or fire resisting
division.
NOTE that fire resisting ductwork must be measured as a complete item in linear metres with ancillaries and
fittings described and measured separately.
49
F.2
STANDARD SPECIFICATION
In order to ensure fire resisting ductwork is correctly specified prior to the commencement of work, several
factors should be carefully considered and defined.
The Specification should therefore:
1)
Define the type of ductwork, as - Smoke / Ventilation / Kitchen / Pressurisation
2)
State the required fire classification to EN 13501-2 in minutes for:
i)
ii)
Integrity E
iii)
Leakage S
Insulation I
3)
Define if the system is Duct Type A (fire outside) or Duct B (fire inside) or requirement for both fire inside
and fire outside.
4)
Define Static Pressure Limits

Pressure / velocity
Class
Low
Pressure level range

Positive pressure
Negative pressure
Class A
Up to + 500 Pa
Down to - 500 Pa
Medium
Class B
Up to + 1000 Pa
Down to - 750 Pa
High
Class C
Up to + 2000 Pa
Down to - 750 Pa
High
Class D
Up to + 2500 Pa
Down to - 750 Pa
NOTE that these classifications are to HVCA DW /143 and 144 requirements
5)
The Fire Duct manufacturer should define the friction resistant coefficients of all bends and tapers, etc.
which are to be used if they differ from those for galvanised sheet steel.
6)
It is recommended that the manufacturer/installer is working to a Quality Assurance System based upon
the ISO 9000 series.
With reference to the above factors, the standard Specification should read:
The ___(1)___ Ductwork should be constructed in accordance with the ASFP Guide to Fire Resisting
Ductwork to provide __(2)i)__ minutes stability, __(2)ii)__ minutes integrity, and __(2)iii)__ minutes
insulation when tested to the requirements of EN 1366 by a UKAS approved or recognised laboratory.
The ductwork should be capable of providing Type ___(3)___ fire containment and, under normal non-fire
operating conditions, should conform to the ___(4)___ pressure classification of the current HVCA
DW/144 Specification for Sheet Metal Ductwork.
APPENDIX G: Criteria of acceptability of data sheet entries

LEVEL OF ENTRY
The ASFP Blue Book European version 1st Edition makes provision for data sheets based on BS EN fire test
and classification methods, which replace BS 476 Part 24 fire test data for use in regard to European
Construction Products Directive.
For acceptance in this ASFP publication, the data is all subject to 3rd party product certification as a basic
condition of entry. See Rules 1 to 5 as stated below.
GENERAL
These rules supplement the procedure for ASFP members to submit product data sheet entries for inclusion in
ASFP Publications, as provided in ASFP document TCOM 08_17.
The claims in the product data sheets will be confirmed by the 3rd party Certification Body. The claims made
must also satisfy the criteria in Rules 1 to 5 as listed below, and as Section 1 Scope of this publication. All
claims will be based on EN Fire Resistance classification and test methods, to enable specific UK Regulatory
requirements to be satisfied.
It should be noted that, at the time of writing, the proposed European Communitys Construction Products Regulation, the
CPR, may demand mandatory compliance with BS EN standards around mid 2011. When that happens, BS 476 Part 24 test
data will only be applicable for non- CPR applications for construction products.
50
RULE 1 PRIMARY DATA

[a] Submissions for data entry into the ASFP Blue Book for fire resisting ductwork shall be made in accordance
with BS EN 13501 Parts 3 and 4 classification standards for [i] fire resisting ducts and for [ii] smoke control
ducts respectively. The classification documents call up BS EN1366-1 for fire resisting ducts, BS EN1366-8 for
multi-compartment smoke ducts, or BS EN1366-9 for single compartment smoke ducts.
[b] Entries into the ASFP data sheets may also be produced from test data and classification documents using
published draft European standards (prEN). If the draft standard is significantly changed, then the classification
may need to be withdrawn by the Notified Body and Certification Body as advised by CEN TC127. It should be
noted that all standard documents are reviewed on a regular basis, 5 years, and subject to amendment without
withdrawal of the original classification document
[c] Test data for BS EN1366-1 must be available before any test data is obtained on the same system to BS
EN1366-8, in order that a classification document can be issued, and considered for use in this ASFP
publication.
RULE 2 SECONDARY DATA
Rules for direct or extended fields of application will state whether or not national or historical test data can be
used for classification purposes.
RULE 3 DIRECT AND EXTENDED FIELDS OF APPLICATION
The field of application for the classification obtained from test data can fall into two cases, direct or extended
fields of application.
The rules for direct field of application are provided in the test standard. Rules for extended application are
given in EN 15882-1 for ducts, and in EN 15882 8 for smoke control ducts. The classification report will
provide the agreed scope of application
RULE 4 3RD PARTY PRODUCT CERTIFICATION SCHEMES
For inclusion in this publication, fire resisting products must have been tested to the satisfaction of independent
accredited 3rd party product certification schemes (ISO Guide 65) covering the test data required in Rule 1 and
recognised by the UK Accreditation Service, UKAS (accredited to ISO 17025). Where fire resisting ducts are
listed by such a Certification Body, then they will be deemed acceptable for entry into the ASFP Blue Book for
fire resisting ductwork data sheets, providing the claims being made are confirmed in writing to the ASFP by the
Certification Body.
RULE 5 UNCERTAINTY OF DATA
The ASFP Technical Review Panel reserve the right to review all and any submissions and claims being made
for use in ASFP publications.
APPENDIX H: Data Sheets

H.1
GUIDANCE TO DUCT SYSTEM DATA SHEETS & CAUTIONARY NOTE
H.1.1
Guidance on the use of system data information
The following product data pages will be extended as new European test data becomes available. They will
outline the capabilities of different fire resisting duct arrangements as available from ASFP member companies.
Whilst all the data has been independently assessed by 3rd party certification bodies or reviewed by ASFP
Technical Review Panel, as defined elsewhere in this document, the ASFP points out, to system specifiers, that
there are a very large number of variables that must be considered in selecting or specifying the appropriate
system, and in ensuring that the as-built system fulfills the claims of the tested system.
The specific product literature of system holders should always be referenced to consolidate the initial selection,
and before installation is made. The web links are provided on each descriptive product page to assist this
process. The ASFP has ensured that a minimum level of key information is included either in the system
Tables or in the Notes accompanying each Table. Some system holders may have elected to include other
additional information so as to assist the correct use of the relvant ductwork system.
The design of a fire resisting ductwork system is generally dependent on the following factors
1.
The type of ductwork system as used for ventilation OR smoke extract OR kitchen extract, etc
2.
The fire resistance to EN 1366 in terms of stability, integrity, insulation and leakage in fire
3.
The orientation of the duct in use, either horizontally or vertically or both.
4.
The cross-sectional shape of the ductwork system, as rectangular, or circular, or as flat oval shape
5.
Any requirements or limitations for:-
51
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
The maximum dimensions of the duct cross-section

The type, nature and frequency of duct joints
The need for stiffeners to the panel and duct system, in relation to its geometry, dimensions,
orientation in use, and required fire resistance
The type, size and frequency of duct stiffeners
The frequency of cross joints
The frequency of supports - hangers and bearers
The specification of all cross joints or longitudinal joints, including the use of seals or gaskets
6.
Add fire protection to the duct support systems, as required by the fire test data or assessment.
7.
Ensure the use of fixings for hanger systems that are suitable for the applied load, the fire resistance
period, and the substrate being fixed to.
NOTE that other services must not be supported by the fire tested ductwork system
8.
The details of all firestopping seals as fire tested or assessed in conjunction with the ductwork system,
where any penetration occurs through fire resisting walls or floors.
H.2
CAUTIONARY NOTE TO ALL DUCTWORK DESIGNERS, MANUFACTURERS & INSTALLERS
General purpose DW /144 ventilation/air conditioning ductwork cannot be utilised as, or converted into, a fire
resisting ductwork system unless the construction / materials of the whole system are proven by test in
accordance with the requirements of BS EN 1366.
H.3.
DUCT SYSTEM DATA SHEETS
It should be noted, that it is the responsibility of the designer /end user to ensure that the system(s) or products
will satisfy the requirements of relevant building legislation
This European Edition will also progressively introduce Data Sheets which provide details of duct systems that
have been suitably fire tested and classified to EN 13501-3 and/or EN 13501-4 by a European Notified Body,
and where the data is provided by a third party product certification scheme accredited or recognised by UKAS.
The ASFP review process for this European Edition has taken full cognizance of historical test data for the listed
duct systems to enable a judgement that all tabulated entries and claims are reasonable. This does not suggest
that there is full compliance with the all the rules for direct and extended application, which have just been
created as the objective for all data sheets in the next Edition. Further testing may be needed to enable
classifications for non-standard applications.
The ASFP reserves the right to exclude data which is considered as insufficiently defined or justified,
and to ensure that the published system data pages reflect a valid assessment of the ductwork system
as scrutinised by the ASFP Technical Review Panel
For the latest version of this publication, visit the ASFP website at www.asfp.org.uk/publications where free
copy can be downloaded. The date of the most recent version will be found at the footer to every page
H.4
INDEX OF FIRE RESISTING DUCTWORK SYSTEM PAGES
Information of ductwork systems from ASFP member companies will be progressively added to the following
pages, for supply or supply & install, a full range of fire resisting ductwork systems, as tested to BS EN 1366,
and classified to BS EN 13501 Parts 3 or 4. Any references to 3rd party product certification schemes will be
limited to those accredited or recognised by UKAS.
DUCTWORK SYSTEM SUPPLIER
DUCTWORK SYSTEM NAME
Note to readers The ASFP has determined a minimum requirement for the scope of the following tabulated
data, to allow simple comparison of products. It is not the intent to provide a full engineering specification, but to
assist initial selection of the suitability of a particular ductwork system to the task in hand. Decision makers
should also refer to the fire classification and field of application reports for detailed information, and on
performance at high air velocity or pressure.
52

ASFP BlueBook European Version

Transféré par

Informations du document

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

ASFP BlueBook European Version

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

BLUE BOOK

Fire resisting ductwork:

European version 1st Edition

FIRE AND YOUR LEGAL LIABILITY

Why is this of relevance to me!

Association for Specialist Fire Protection / www.asfp.org.uk

Fire Resisting Ductwork European version 1st Edition 16 Sep 09

Association for Specialist Fire Protection (ASFP)

Heating and Ventilating Contractors Association

Exova Warrington Fire, Task Group Chairman

Association for Specialist Fire Protection 2009

Association for Specialist Fire Protection / www.asfp.org.uk

Fire Resisting Ductwork European version 1st Edition 16 Sep 09

Fire resisting ductwork:

Association for Specialist Fire Protection / www.asfp.org.uk

Fire Resisting Ductwork European version 1st Edition 16 Sep 09