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PRINCIPLES
Section 1. The Philippines is a democratic
and republican State. Sovereignty resides in
the people and all government authority
emanates from them.
A state is a community of persons more or less numerous
permanently occupying a definite portion of territory
independent of external control and possessing an organized
government to which a body of inhabitants render habitual
obedience.
Four requirements for a government:
People
Territory
Sovereignty
Government
2 function of Govt
o
CONSTITUENT compulsory
o
MINISTRANT constitute the very bonds of
society
People v. Gozo
Constitutional Law I | Article II: Declaration of Principles and State Policies | KSantos.
RATIONALE:
So
the
Assembly
can
subject
them
to
political
responsibility by making
them stand up in the
midst and account for
their conduct of office.
Government/Cabinet consists of
the political leaders of the majority
party
Pyramidal structure with the Prime
Minister as its apex and recognized
leader
PM exercises undisputed
supremacy
over
his
ministerial colleagues.
Government remains in power so
long as it commands the support of
the majority of the members of the
parliament
Power
is
lost
when
majority
withdraws
its
support
Majority
of
the
parliament
members = men of intelligence,
integrity, and experience. PARTY
DICSIPLINE!
Presidential If the independent power holders,
government and parliament, are kept separated but
are constitutionally obligated to corporate for the
formation of the will of the state, interdependence is
achieved by coordination.
Constitutional Law I | Article II: Declaration of Principles and State Policies | KSantos.
Mark of Sovereignty
The MoS clause is, in capsule form, the description of a
soldiers vocation. The soldier is supposed to renounce
political ambition because he finds nobility and dignity and
honor in being the guardian of the people and of the integrity
of the national territory of a legitimate government. This is
not a principle, which once articulated, creates the reality that
it seeks to describe. To keep the dream of civilian supremacy
alive, two elements are needed: a civilian government that is
both legitimate and stable, and an armed force of the highest
professionalism.
Section
4.
The
prime
duty
of
the
Government is to serve and protect the
people. The Government may call upon the
people to defend the State and, in the
fulfillment thereof, all citizens may be
required, under conditions provided by law,
to render personal, military or civil service.
Compulsory military and civil service; protection of
people and State
STATE POLICIES
Constitutional Law I | Article II: Declaration of Principles and State Policies | KSantos.
Laguna Lake
Appeals
Development
Authority
v.
Court
of
Constitutional Law I | Article II: Declaration of Principles and State Policies | KSantos.
Section 19. The State shall develop a selfreliant and independent national economy
effectively controlled by Filipinos.
Section 22.
promotes the
communities
national unity
Co.
vs.
National
Constitutional Law I | Article II: Declaration of Principles and State Policies | KSantos.
POLITICAL
fullest
development
as
SELF-RELIANT
Constitutional Law I | Article II: Declaration of Principles and State Policies | KSantos.
instituted
through
SYSTEM
OF
Constitutional Law I | Article II: Declaration of Principles and State Policies | KSantos.
designed
to
exact
Section
28.
Subject
to
reasonable
conditions prescribed by law, the State
adopts and implements a policy of full
public disclosure of all its transactions
involving public interest.
Art. III Sec. 7. The right of the people to information on
matters of PUBLIC CONCERN shall be recognized. Access to
OFFICIAL RECORDS, and to DOCUMENTS, and PAPERS
pertaining to OFFICIAL ACTS, TRANSACTIONS, or DECISIONS,
as well as to GOVERNMENT RESEARCH DATA used as basis for
policy development, shall be afforded the citizen, subject to
such LIMITATIONS as may be provided by law.
e.g. Subido v. Ozaeta (Pre-1973 Case):
Facts: The press wanted to examine the records of the
Register of Deeds.
Issue: Whether the press, and for that matter, the public had
a CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT to demand the examination of
PUBLIC LAND records.
Held: The press had a STATUTORY RIGHT to examine the
records of the Register of Deeds because the interest of the
press was REAL and ADEQUATE.
Note: However, THE COURT said: We do not believe that the
CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT to FREEDOM OF SPEECH is in any
way involved (in this case). Freedom of information and
freedom to obtain information for publication is NOT
GUARANTEED by the constitution.
1973 Constitution: Went beyond the Subido case:
recognized the right of access to public documents and
records as a SELF-EXECUTORY CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT.
Preserved by the 1987 Consti with the addition of
government research data as a reaction to the government
practice during the Marcos regime of withholding such data
from the public.
Also determined in Chavez is the extent to which the public
has a right to information about the efforts of government
through the PCGG to recover ILLEGALLY OBTAINED WEALTH.
THE COURT: It is incumbent upon the PCGG to disclose
sufficient public information...such information, though, must
pertain to DEFINITE PROPOSITIONS...not to communications
Constitutional Law I | Article II: Declaration of Principles and State Policies | KSantos.
Constitutional Law I | Article II: Declaration of Principles and State Policies | KSantos.
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