Study Guide - 3.1 & 3.

2
Structured Computer Organization, 6th Edition
FVCproductions

Vocabulary - 3.1
gates - tiny electronic devices that can compute various functions of 2
valued signals
collector, base, emitter - 3 connections to outside world
inverters - device that converts either of 2 binary digits or signals into
other
inversion bubbles - small circles used as part of symbols for inverter
MOS - Metal Oxide Semiconductor
TTL - Transistor Transistor Logic
Boolean algebra - algebra where variables and functions can take on
only values 0 and 1
truth table - table with 2^n rows with each row telling value of function
for different combination of input values
complete - either gate can be computed using either one of them
duals - either form can be produced from other one
positive logic - has 0 volts as local 0 and 1.5 volts as logical 1
negative logic - has 0 volts as local 1 and 1.5 volts as logical 0

Vocabulary - 3.2
Integrated Circuits - ICS or chips - regular piece of silicon of varied size
depending on number of gates require to implement chips
components
Dual Inline Packages - DIPs, package with 2 rows of pins that fit into a
matching socket on the motherboard

 Pin Grid Arrays - PGAs - has pins on package bottom, which fit into
matching socket on motherboard, uses zero-insertion-force
mechanism where PGA sockets are placed into socket without force
Land Grid Arrays - LGAs - integrated circuit that has pins on socket
rather than the integrated circuit; small flat pads on bottom of chip,
and has cover that fits over LGA and applies downward force on chip,
ensuring all of LGA pads make contact with socket pads
gate delay - length of time which starts when input to a logical gate
becomes stable and valid to change
combinational circuit - circuit with multiple inputs and outputs where
outputs are uniquely determined by current input values
multiplexer - circuit with 2^n data inputs, 1 data output, and n control
inputs that select one of the data inputs
demultiplexer - inverse of a multiplexer that routes its single input
signal to one of 2^n outputs, depending on value of n control lines
decoder - circuit that takes n-bit number as input and uses it to select
exactly 1 of the 2^n output lines
comparator - circuit that compares 2 input words
half adder - like a full adder but can only add inputs togethers
full adder - can add a bit carried from another addition as well as 2
inputs
ripple carry adder - logical circuit created using multiple full adders to
add N-bit numbers
carry select adder - reduces addition time by a factor of two
Arithmetic Logic Unit - ALU; single circuit for performing AND, OR, and
sum of 2 machine word; can compute these 4 functions: A and B, A or
B, not B, A + B; circuit for n-bit words build up of n identical circuits for
individual bit positions
bit slices - allow computer designer to build ALU of any desired width
clock - circuit that emits a series of pulses with a precise pulse width
and precise interval between consecutive pulses
clock cycle time - time interval between corresponding edges of 2
consecutive pulses