Grade 8 Science: Core 1

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VIRGINIA STANDARDS OF LEARNING

Spring 2005 Released Test
GRADE 8
SCIENCE
CORE 1
Property of the Virginia Department of Education

2006 by the Commonwealth of Virginia, Department of Education, P.O. Box 2120, Richmond, Virginia 23218-2120.
All rights reserved. Except as permitted by law, this material may not be reproduced or used in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage retrieval system,
without written permission from the copyright owner. Commonwealth of Virginia public school educators may
reproduce any portion of these released tests for noncommercial educational purposes without requesting permission.
All others should direct their written requests to the Virginia Department of Education, Division of Assessment and
Reporting at the above address or by e-mail to darfax@doe.virginia.gov.
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Science
2
DIRECTIONS
Emissions of Air Pollutants, 1970 - 1991
Read each question carefully and choose the best

answer. Then mark the space in the answer
booklet for the answer you have chosen.
2084534
1970
1980
1991
Y801C503.AR1
150
100
ad
Le
Nit
ro
ox gen
ide
s
lat
es
50
icu
live in the water

B are fish
C are warm-blooded
D lay eggs
A
ArtCodes
Pa
rt
These animals are grouped together

because all of them
200
S
ox ulfur
ide
s
SAMPLE
Y801C503
C
mo Carb
no on
xid
e
Emissions in Millions of Metric Tons
250
Pollutants
According to the graph, which air

pollutant decreased the most from 1970
to 1991?
1
2084155
Y610A508
C
L
Venus, the moon, Mars, and the sun are

all visible in our sky. All but one of
these reflect light from another source.
Which of the following produces its
own light?
Carbon monoxide
G Sulfur oxides
H Particulates
J Lead
F
Venus
B The moon
C Mars
D The sun
A
Which of the following could best be

used to demonstrate energy being
transformed from electricity to heat?
2187175
Y603C709
A magnifying glass
B A triple beam balance
C A toaster
D A gas oven
A
2006 Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Education
Energy Pyramid
3084326
Which of the following classification

groups contains organisms that have
the most characteristics in common?
Y709B801
2084348
Y705A507
Kingdom
G Phylum
H Class
J Species
F
C
ArtCodes
3084326.AR1
C
L
Single-Celled Organism
Nucleus
2084292
Y702A607
Cell membrane
C
Cytoplasm
In this diagram of a single-celled

organism, which organelle functions as
a place to store extra water?
Which of these best describes a

relationship shown by this African
energy pyramid?
Cell membrane
B Vacuole
C Cytoplasm
D Nucleus
A
The lion is a predator of the giraffes.

G The lion is the prey of the giraffes.
H Giraffes are the prey of the trees.
J Giraffes are predators of the lion.
F
8
5
C
L
Rusting iron
G Burning coal
H Tarnishing silver
J Melting ice
are poor conductors

B block out the sun
C reduce evaporation
D promote convection
A
Which process is a physical change?

F
Insulation materials reduce heat loss

because they
2084811
Y807A509
Vacuole
2077077
S607A404
9
2060176
L707A101
11
Soil
containing
potassium,
calcium, and
other minerals
What process makes food for plants?

Reproduction
B Photosynthesis
C Respiration
D Condensation
2077086
S608A301
ArtCodes
L707A101.AR1
Bacteria
action
Death
12
2084077
Y604D507
Which concept is best illustrated by

this diagram?
ArtCodes
Y604D507.AR1
The exchange of CO2 and O2 in an

ecosystem
B The effect of limiting factors in a biome
C Cycling of nutrients in a community
D Environmental pressures on a
population
A
X
(Switch)
10
In the diagram, what essential part of

an electric circuit is missing at
position X?
Water stored behind a dam is an

example of what type of energy?
2084065
Y603A606
Kinetic
G Potential
H Solar
J Chemical
F
Load
G On/off switch
H Wires
J Source of electric current
F
13
15
Which of the following has the least

effect on lake water temperature?
Gestation Period in Some

Domesticated Mammals
2060235
L710B209
14
2060043
The
B The
C The
D The
A
depth of the water

angle of incoming sun rays
number of fish in the lake
lakes surface area
Mammal
Hypothesis: The addition of a

fertilizer to soil will increase plant
growth.
Which of these experimental designs
would best test this hypothesis?
Average Life
Span (years)
Gestation
Period (days)
Dog
16
61
Cat
15
63
Horse
27
330
Cow
18
284
Sheep
13
154
Which animal has a life span closest to

that of sheep?
2060054
L701H250
Dog
B Cat
C Horse
D Cow
A
F
ArtCodes
L701H250.AR1
L701H250.AR2
L701H250.AR3
L701H250.AR4
No Fertilizer
No Water
No Fertilizer
Water
Fertilizer
Water
Fertilizer
No Water
L701J102
C
L
16
When a base is mixed with an acidic

solution, neutralization occurs because
2187070
the
Y805CR01
base reaches absolute zero

G acid evaporates
H base chemically reacts with the acid
J mass of the solution increases
F
H
Fertilizer
Water
No Fertilizer
Water
Fertilizer
Water
No Fertilizer
No Water
17
Fossil fuels such as gas, oil, and coal

have what kind of energy?
2187163
Mechanical energy
B Chemical energy
C Electrical energy
D Nuclear energy
A
Y806BR01
18
2084020
Y601B501
C
L
ArtCodes
Y601B501.AR1
20
Tellin Family of Seashells

(Bivalves)
Size
Color
Hinge
Water
Location
Type
Temp.
Bodega
tellin
to 2
inches
Creamy
white
Weak
Coast
Warm
Salman
tellin
0.5
inches
Pink
Weak
Coast
Warm
Speckled
tellin
2.5-3.5
inches
Yellow
and
white
Weak
Coast
Warm
Rose petal
1.5
Lavender Weak
tellin
inches
Coast
Warm
After fishing in the ocean, a student

left his fishing gear in the sun to dry.
Later, he noticed that small white
crystals had formed on the rod, reel,
and fishing line. Which of these is the
best explanation of what occurred?
2060115
21
Color, size, and hinge type

G Color, size, and water temperature
H Hinge type, location, and water
temperature
J Size, hinge type, and location
C
L
L703B117
Organs cells tissues systems

B Cells tissues organs systems
C Systems tissues cells organs
D Tissues cells systems organs
DNA is essential to living organisms

because it
carries the genetic code
B is a spiral helix
C can prevent diseases
D can break apart
A
Which of these shows the correct

sequence of development?
A
2060287
The water evaporated from the fishing

gear, and sand was attracted to it.
G The fish that were caught left scales on
the fishing gear.
H The salt in the ocean water reacted with
the fishing gear and caused it to rust.
J The water evaporated from the fishing
gear, and salt from the ocean was left
behind.
L713A401
From the data given in this table,

which characteristics help classify the
seashells as belonging to the Tellin
family?
19
3138496
Y602C801
22
23
2084788
Which of these would be the best way

to prove that a pine stick is more
flexible than an oak stick?
2076998
Y806B610
S601G301
C
L
Oak
ArtCodes
Pine
Y806B610.AR1
ArtCodes
100 grams
S601G301.AR1
S601G301.AR2
S601G301.AR3
S601G301.AR4
500 grams
Windmill
What type of energy does the windmill
use to do work?
Oak
Pine
Mechanical
G Nuclear
H Chemical
J Electrical
F
500 grams
1000 grams
Oak
Pine
C
200 grams
500 grams
Oak
Pine
D
300 grams
300 grams

3093632
24
2317182
Y606C700
27
Because zinc can combine with other

substances but cannot be changed into
a simpler substance by an ordinary
chemical process, zinc is classified
as
What most likely happened to species Y714B801

that are found in the fossil record but
C
have no living members?
They
B They
C They
D They
A
a compound
G a mixture
H an element
J an acid
F
28
25
2077170
had offspring of a different species.

mutated to other species.
became extinct.
never really existed.
Planet
Earth
Astronomers view objects in space

through scientific instruments known
as
Acceleration
due to Gravity
(m/s2)
10
microscopes
B hygrometers
C telescopes
D barometers
According to the chart, on which

planet would a ball fall the fastest?
Jupiter Neptune Saturn
26
14
12
S610H303
C
L
26
2084921
ArtCodes
S610C109.AR1
2077127
Earth
G Jupiter
H Neptune
J Saturn
F
S610C109
Which of the following is a true

statement about the magnetic field
between two magnets?
Y811B601
C
L
The south pole of one magnet is

attracted to the south pole of the other
magnet.
G The south pole of one magnet is
attracted to the north pole of the other
magnet.
H The north pole of one magnet is
attracted to the north pole of the other
magnet.
J The south pole of one magnet is
attracted to both poles of the other
magnet.
29
In the chemical formula for ammonia,

NH3, what does the subscript 3
represent?
2187099
Y804B702
The number of nitrogen and hydrogen

C
atoms in each molecule of ammonia
B The number of hydrogen atoms in each
molecule of ammonia
C The number of ammonia molecules that
will bond together
D The number of nitrogen atoms in each
molecule of ammonia
A
30
33
Which of these is a result of burning

fossil fuels?
2084236
Y611B605
31
2084453
Acid rain
G Clean water
H Hydroelectric energy
J Solar energy
F
Y712D602
C
L
ArtCodes
Y712D602.AR1
Which of the following causes the Sun

to appear to set?
2187185
Y610D703
32
The
B The
C The
D The
A
revolution of the Sun

rotation of the Earth
revolution of the Earth
rotation of the Sun
An electric light bulb is hot to the

touch because
2084794
Y806C602
current passing through it produces

heat
G its magnetic field produces a large
amount of heat
H evaporation causes an object to heat up
J its chemical reactions produce heat
F
In a food chain, the numbers of each

type of population are usually in a
relatively stable combination. A
diagram of a food chain is shown
above. If humans interfered by
spraying an insecticide to kill the
insects, what would be the next thing
that would happen?
The number
B The number
decrease.
C The number
decrease.
D The number
A
of hawks would increase.

of songbirds would
of grass plants would
of snakes would increase.
3103376
Y602B801
34
3183530
Which instrument would most

accurately and precisely determine
the mass of a toy car?
37
Y801B803
An electronic light meter

G A spring scale
H A triple-beam balance
J A graduated cylinder
F
Each student in a science class of 25

C
conducts the same experiment. One
student gathers all the data from her
classmates and summarizes the results
of the experiment for the class. She
compares the data she personally
recorded with the class data. Which
of these might indicate to her that her
results are valid?
Three other classes performed the same
experiment.
B The same experiment was repeated two
years in a row.
C Many other students recorded data
similar to hers.
D Another student in her class reached a
different conclusion.
A
35
Organisms that absorb nutrients from

dead plants and animals are called
2084399
Y709A601
carnivores
B decomposers
C herbivores
D producers
A
38
140
2060269
120
Average Number of Thrips

Per Rose
36
12.011
2084681
Y804A601
ArtCodes
Y804A601.AR1
L711B403
100
C
L
80
ArtCodes
L711B403.AR1
60
40
20
The diagram above shows a block from

the periodic table. The number six
represents the
J F MAM J J A S ON D J F MAM J J A S ON D J F MAM J J A S ON D
Months
atomic mass of the element carbon

G atomic number of the element carbon
H number of neutrons in the element
carbon
J number of valence electrons in the
element carbon
F
Thrips are tiny insects that can easily

be seen on roses. The thrip population
changes shown in the graph above are
probably caused by
increases in human population
G a major climatic change
H seasonal changes
J increased use of insecticides
F
10
39
Characteristics of Samples of Matter
41
A mixture of iron filings and sulfur can

easily be separated by
2084098
Y606A508
C
L
placing the mixture in water

B performing a chemical reaction
C heating the mixture
D using a magnet
Sample
Luster
Malleability/
Ductility
Electrical
Conductivity
None
No
Insulator
High
No
Semiconductor
High
Yes
Conductor
Low
No
Insulator
According to the data in the table, which

sample of matter is most likely a metal?
40
3138512
1
B 2
C 3
D 4
A
Y601E803
height
ArtCodes
3138556
Y802C801
Y601E803.AR1
42
A student designs and builds a 1:1000
scale model of the Mt. Fuji volcano in
Japan. Since Mt. Fuji is about 3,800 m
high, what is the height of his scale
model?
2060166
carbon dioxide
G oxygen
H hydrogen
J nitrogen
F
0.38 m
G 3.8 m
H 380 m
J 3,800 m
F
When plants undergo photosynthesis,

they produce
11
L706A201
43
45
Expansion Joint
A burning candle is in the process of

transforming
2084729
2187161
Y806B701
heat energy into chemical energy

B chemical energy into light and heat
C chemical energy into mechanical energy
D chemical energy into nuclear energy
A
Y805A115
ArtCodes
Y805A115.AR1
Expansion joints such as these are put

on bridges because the concrete
expands and contracts. This happens
when
46
chemicals get on the concrete

B the temperature changes
C the amount of light changes
D the concrete gets wet
A
Mendel proposed that traits observed

in pea plants resulted from a
combination of factors inherited
from each parent. His description of
these factors can be considered the
first scientific definition of the role
of
3061337
Y713D801
ribosomes
G meiosis
H genes
J cell nuclei
F
44
Y801C607
C
L
ArtCodes
Y801C607.AR1
Water Depth
(m below sea level)
2084543
Echo-Sounding Ocean Profile Chart

0
1000
2000
3000
47
4000
5000
6000
Which of the organisms in a forest

ecosystem is an example of a
producer?
2187108
Y609A707
50
100
150
200
250
Squirrels
B Oak trees
C Black bears
D Bacteria
A
Distance From Shore (km)
How far offshore is the deepest point of

the ocean on this graph?
0m
G 5000 m
H 160 km
J 240 km
F
12
C
L
48
49
3138569
Y601A805
ArtCodes
A tapeworm lives in human intestines, 2084421

absorbing the nutrients that would
Y709E502
normally be absorbed by the person.
C
This eventually causes the person
health problems. The relationship
between the tapeworm and the human
is
3138569.AR1
parasite/host
B predator/prey
C herbivore/omnivore
D consumer/producer
A
Botanists often use leaves to identify

plants. Which trait of the leaves shown
would be most useful in identifying the
plants they came from?
50
2084599
is fluid
G has mass
H is highly compressible
J has a definite shape
F
Color of the leaf

G Function of the leaf
H Arrangement of leaves on a stem
J Presence or absence of veins
F
Of the states of matter, gas is the only

state that
13
Y802B605
C
L
Answer Key
Test
Sequence
Correct
Answer
Reporting
Category
Reporting Category Description
019
Earth and Space Systems
015
Scientific Investigation
016
Force, Motion, Energy, and Matter
018
Ecosystems
016
017
Life Systems
017
Life Systems
016
018
Ecosystems
10
016
11
017
Life Systems
12
016
13
018
Ecosystems
14
015
15
015
16
016
17
016
18
015
19
017
Life Systems
20
015
21
017
Life Systems
22
016
23
015
24
016
25
019
26
016
27
019
28
019
29
016
30
019
31
019
32
016
33
018
Ecosystems
34
015
35
018
Ecosystems
36
016
37
015
38
018
Ecosystems
39
016
40
015
41
016
42
017
Life Systems
43
016
44
015
45
016
46
016
47
017
Life Systems
48
015
49
018
Ecosystems
50
016

Grade 8 Science: Core 1

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SESSION: 49 PAGE: 1 3/20/06 12:29 LOGIN IS-joer PATH: @sunultra1/raid/CLS_tpc/GRP_va_sprg06/JOB_06-ribsg08/DIV_g08sci-1

VIRGINIA STANDARDS OF LEARNING

Property of the Virginia Department of Education

SESSION: 48 PAGE: 2 1/13/06 7:18 LOGIN IS-garyo PATH: @sunultra1/raid/CLS_tpc/GRP_va_sprg06/JOB_06-ribsg08/DIV_g08sci-1

Emissions of Air Pollutants, 1970 - 1991

Read each question carefully and choose the best

live in the water

These animals are grouped together

Emissions in Millions of Metric Tons

According to the graph, which air

Venus, the moon, Mars, and the sun are

Which of the following could best be

2006 Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Education

SESSION: 48 PAGE: 3 1/13/06 7:18 LOGIN IS-garyo PATH: @sunultra1/raid/CLS_tpc/GRP_va_sprg06/JOB_06-ribsg08/DIV_g08sci-1

Which of the following classification

In this diagram of a single-celled

Which of these best describes a

The lion is a predator of the giraffes.

are poor conductors

2006 Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Education

Which process is a physical change?

Insulation materials reduce heat loss

SESSION: 48 PAGE: 4 1/13/06 7:18 LOGIN IS-garyo PATH: @sunultra1/raid/CLS_tpc/GRP_va_sprg06/JOB_06-ribsg08/DIV_g08sci-1

What process makes food for plants?

Which concept is best illustrated by

The exchange of CO2 and O2 in an

In the diagram, what essential part of

Water stored behind a dam is an

2006 Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Education

SESSION: 48 PAGE: 5 1/13/06 7:18 LOGIN IS-garyo PATH: @sunultra1/raid/CLS_tpc/GRP_va_sprg06/JOB_06-ribsg08/DIV_g08sci-1

Which of the following has the least

Gestation Period in Some

depth of the water

Hypothesis: The addition of a

Which animal has a life span closest to

When a base is mixed with an acidic

base reaches absolute zero

Fossil fuels such as gas, oil, and coal

2006 Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Education

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Tellin Family of Seashells

After fishing in the ocean, a student

Color, size, and hinge type

Organs cells tissues systems

DNA is essential to living organisms

2006 Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Education

Which of these shows the correct

The water evaporated from the fishing

From the data given in this table,

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Which of these would be the best way

2006 Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Education

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Because zinc can combine with other

What most likely happened to species Y714B801

had offspring of a different species.

Astronomers view objects in space

According to the chart, on which

Jupiter Neptune Saturn

Which of the following is a true

The south pole of one magnet is

2006 Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Education