Operator training

Drilling principles

DRILLING PARAMETERS

Sandvik Mining and Construction

DRILLING PARAMETERS
What do we need for drilling?

Sandvik Mining and Construction

DRILLING PARAMETERS
What do we need for drilling?

PERCUSSION

FEED

ROTATION

FLUSHING

Sandvik Mining and Construction

DRILLING PARAMETERS
Percussion
Used for hard rock destruction

Sandvik Mining and Construction

DRILLING PARAMETERS
Percussion
Create the stress wave

Energy

Piston

Shank

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Rod

DRILLING PARAMETERS
Percussion
Piston velocity at impact : 10 m/s

Energy

Piston

Stress wave

Rod

Stress wave (compressive force) accelerate to velocity

of sound in steel, approx. 5140 m/second

Sandvik Mining and Construction

DRILLING PARAMETERS
Percussion
The rock is crushed and the bit advances
0,5 -1,0 mm
Piston

Shank

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Rod

DRILLING PARAMETERS
Percussion
Efficiency of the stress wave:
Energy transmission into the rock. This is governed by
the cross sectionnal area of the rod.
the lenght of the stress wave (piston length).
the rock penetration resistance of the bit (bit design and rock charasteristics).
the weight of the bit.

Sandvik Mining and Construction

DRILLING PARAMETERS
Percussion
Controling the stress wave:
The most critical issue in controlling the stress wave is to
avoid tensile reflections waves.
The tensile stresses are directly responsible for premature
failure due to fatigue.
The tensile stresses are transmitted through the coupling by
the thread surfaces.
The Temperature of the shank is an indicator of tensile
stress
Sandvik Mining and Construction

DRILLING PARAMETERS
Percussion
Drilling into cavity will create extremely high tensile stresses

Drilling with underfeed (or poor flushing) will lead to a initial gap between the
bit and the rock. In the beginning of the bit indentation the situation
resembles the previous case.

Drilling with too low penetration resistance is close to the underfeed

situation (but with lower tensile amplitude). On the other hand tensile
stresses will take place consistentently, not occasionally as with underfeed.
Sandvik Mining and Construction

DRILLING PARAMETERS
Percussion

Sandvik Mining and Construction

DRILLING PARAMETERS
Percussion
Too high: short steel life
Too low: poor penetration

Lower pressure needed when:

- collaring
- uncoupling
- hitting fractured and layered rock
Sandvik Mining and Construction

DRILLING PARAMETERS
What do we need for drilling?

PERCUSSION

FEED

ROTATION

FLUSHING

Sandvik Mining and Construction

DRILLING PARAMETERS
Feed

Used for keep the bit

in contact with the
rock

Sandvik Mining and Construction

DRILLING PARAMETERS
Feed
Under feeding
Video

Sandvik Mining and Construction

DRILLING PARAMETERS
Feed

Sandvik Mining and Construction

DRILLING PARAMETERS
Feed

Sandvik Mining and Construction

DRILLING PARAMETERS
What do we need for drilling?

PERCUSSION

FEED

ROTATION

FLUSHING

Sandvik Mining and Construction

DRILLING PARAMETERS
Rotation

Why we need rotation

for drilling?

Sandvik Mining and Construction

DRILLING PARAMETERS
Rotation

For create an indexing

distance between two
percussion impacts

GOOD RPM
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DRILLING PARAMETERS
Rotation

RPM TOO HIGH

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RPM TOO SLOW

DRILLING PARAMETERS
Rotation

Sandvik Mining and Construction

DRILLING PARAMETERS
Rotation
How to check if the RPM is correct practicaly?

Sandvik Mining and Construction

DRILLING PARAMETERS
What do we need for drilling?

PERCUSSION

FEED

ROTATION

FLUSHING

Sandvik Mining and Construction

DRILLING PARAMETERS
Flushing
Removal of cuttings:
Water, Air or Foam
Space between hole and rod:
Important for bailing velocity
Insufficient flushing:
reduced penetration rate
risk of jamming
Excessive wear of the rock tools
Sandvik Mining and Construction