Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
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F. Judicial privilege
VI. Constitutional Commissions
A. Constitutional safeguards to ensure independence of
commissions
B. Powers and functions of each commission
C. Prohibited offices and interests
D. Jurisdiction of each constitutional commission
E. Review of final orders, resolutions and decisions
1. Rendered in the exercise of quasi-judicial functions
2. Rendered in the exercise of administrative functions
VII. Bill of Rights
A. Fundamental powers of the state (police power,
eminent domain, taxation)
1. Concept, application and limits
2. Requisites for valid exercise
3. Similarities and differences
4. Delegation
B. Private acts and the Bill of Rights
C. Due process the rights to life, liberty & property
1. Relativity of due process
2. Procedural and substantive due process
3. Constitutional and statutory due process
4. Hierarchy of rights
5. Judicial standards of review
6. Void-for-vagueness doctrine
D. Equal protection
1. Concept
2. Requisites for valid classification
3. Standards of judicial review
a) Rational Basis Test
b) Strict Scrutiny Test
c) Intermediate Scrutiny Test
E. Searches and seizures
1. Concept
2. Warrant requirement
a) Requisites
3. Warrantless searches
4. Warrantless arrests
5. Administrative arrests
6. Drug, alcohol and blood tests
F. Privacy of communications and correspondence
1. Private and public communications
2. Intrusion, when allowed
3. Writ of habeas data
G. Freedom of expression
1. Concept and scope
a) Prior restraint (censorship)
b) Subsequent punishment
2. Content-based and content-neutral regulations
a) Tests
b) Applications
3. Facial challenges and the overbreadth doctrine
4. Tests
5. State regulation of different types of mass media
6. Commercial speech
7. Private vs. government speech
8. Hecklers veto
H. Freedom of religion
1. Non-establishment clause
a) Concept and basis
b) Acts permitted and not permitted by the clause
c) Test
2. Free exercise clause
3. Tests
a) Clear and Present Danger Test
b) Compelling State Interest Test
c) Conscientious Objector Test
I. Liberty of abode and freedom of movement
1. Limitations
2. Right to travel
a) Watch-list and hold departure orders
3. Return to ones country
J. Right to information
1. Limitations
2. Publication of laws and regulations
3. Access to court records
4. Right to information relative to:
a) Government contract negotiations
b) Diplomatic negotiations
K. Right of association
L. Eminent domain
1. Concept
2. Expansive concept of public use
3. Just compensation
a) Determination
b) Effect of delay
4. Abandonment of intended use and right of repurchase
5. Miscellaneous application
M. Contract clause
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XIV. Social Justice and Human Rights
A. Concept of social justice
B. Commission on Human Rights
XV. Education, Science, Technology, Arts, Culture and
Sports
A. Academic freedom
XVI. Public International Law
A. Concepts
1. Obligations erga omnes
2. Jus cogens
3. Concept of ex aequo et bono
B. International and national law
C. Sources
D. Subjects
1. States
2. International organizations
3. Individuals
E. Diplomatic and consular law
F. Treaties
G. Nationality and statelessness
1. Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties
H. State responsibility
1. Doctrine of state responsibility
I. Jurisdiction of States
1. Territoriality principle
2. Nationality principle and statelessness
3. Protective principle
4. Universality principle
5. Passive personality principle
6. Conflicts of jurisdiction
J. Treatment of aliens
1. Extradition
a) Fundamental principles
b) Procedure
c) Distinguished from deportation
K. International Human Rights Law
1. Universal Declaration of Human Rights
2. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
3. International Covenant on Economic, Social and
Cultural Rights
L. International Humanitarian Law and neutrality
1. Categories of armed conflicts
a) International armed conflicts
b) Internal or non-international armed conflict
c) War of national liberation
2. Core international obligations of states in International
Humanitarian Law
3. Principles of International Humanitarian Law
a) Treatment of civilians
b) Prisoners of war
4. Law on neutrality
M. Law of the sea
1. Baselines
2. Archipelagic states
a) Straight archipelagic baselines
b) Archipelagic waters
c) Archipelagic sea lanes passage
3. Internal waters
4. Territorial sea
5. Exclusive economic zone
6. Continental shelf
a) Extended continental shelf
7. International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
N. Madrid Protocol and the Paris Convention for the
Protection of Industrial Property
O. International environmental law
1. Principle 21 of the Stockholm Declaration
P. International economic law
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(iv) Labor management council
b) Duration
(i) For economic provisions
(ii) For non-economic provisions
(iii) Freedom period
P. Union Security
a) Union security clauses; closed shop, union shop,
maintenance of membership shop, etc.
b) Check-off; union dues, agency fees
4. Unfair Labor Practice in collective bargaining
a) Bargaining in bad faith
b) Refusal to bargain
c) Individual bargaining
d) Blue sky bargaining
e) Surface bargaining
5. Unfair Labor Practice (ULP)
a) Nature of ULP
b) ULP of employers
c) ULP of labor organizations
C. Right to peaceful concerted activities
1. Forms of concerted activities
2. Who may declare a strike or lockout?
3. Requisites for a valid strike
4. Requisites for a valid lockout
5. Requisites for lawful picketing
6. Assumption of jurisdiction by the DOLE Secretary or
Certification of the labor dispute to the NLRC for
compulsory arbitration
7. Nature of assumption order or certification order
8. Effect of defiance of assumption or certification orders
9. Illegal strike
a) Liability of union officers
b) Liability of ordinary workers
c) Liability of employer
d) Waiver of illegality of strike
10. Injunctions
a) Requisites for labor injunctions
b) Innocent bystander rule
VIII. Procedure and Jurisdiction
A. Labor Arbiter
1. Jurisdiction
a) versus Regional Director
2. Reinstatement pending appeal
3. Requirements to perfect appeal to NLRC
B. National Labor Relations Commission (NLRC)
1. Jurisdiction
2. Effect of NLRC reversal of Labor Arbiters order of
reinstatement
3. Remedies
4. Certified cases
C. Bureau of Labor Relations Med-Arbiters
1. Jurisdiction (original and appellate)
D. National Conciliation and Mediation Board
1. Nature of proceedings
2. Conciliation vs. Mediation
3. Preventive mediation
E. DOLE Regional Directors
1. Jurisdiction
F. DOLE Secretary
1. Visitorial and enforcement powers
2. Power to suspend/effects of termination
3. Assumption of jurisdiction
4. Appellate jurisdiction
5. Voluntary arbitration powers
G. Grievance Machinery and Voluntary Arbitration
1. Subject matter of grievance
2. Voluntary Arbitrator
a) Jurisdiction
b) Procedure
c) Remedies
H. Court of Appeals
1. Rule 65, Rules of Court
I. Supreme Court
1. Rule 45, Rules of Court
J. Prescription of actions
CIVIL LAW
I. Effect and Application of Laws (Civil Code)
Include: Conflict of Laws (Private International Law)
II. Human Relations (Arts. 19-22, Civil Code)
Exclude: Independent civil actions and prejudicial
questions which will be covered by the examinations in
Remedial Law
PERSONS
I. Persons and Personality (Civil Code)
II. Marriage (Family Code)
Exclude: Muslim Code (P.D. 1083)
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III. Citizenship Requirement
IV. Original Registration
V. Subsequent Registration
VI. Non-registrable Properties
VII. Dealings with Unregistered Lands
Exclude:
1. History of land laws
2. Remedies sufficiently covered under Remedial Law
3. Registration of judgments, orders and partitions
4. Assurance fund
5. Registration of patents
6. Administrative structure of the Register of Deeds
7. Consultas
TORTS AND DAMAGES
Book I--Torts
I. Principles
II. Classification of Torts
III. The Tortfeasor
IV. Act of Omission and its Modalities
V. Proximate Cause
VI. Legal Injury
VII. Intentional Torts
VIII. Negligence
IX. Special Liability in Particular Activities
X. Strict Liability
Book II--Damages
I. General Considerations
II. Actual and Compensatory Damages
III. Moral Damages
IV. Nominal Damages
V. Temperate or Moderate Damages
VI. Liquidated Damages
VII. Exemplary or Corrective Damages
VIII. Damages in Case of Death
IX. Graduation of Damages
X. Miscellaneous Rules
LAW ON TAXATION
I. General Principles of Taxation
A. Definition and concept of taxation
B. Nature of taxation
C. Characteristics of taxation
D. Power of taxation compared with other powers
1. Police power
2. Power of eminent domain
E. Purpose of taxation
1. Revenue-raising
2. Non-revenue/special or regulatory
F. Principles of sound tax system
1. Fiscal adequacy
2. Administrative feasibility
3. Theoretical justice
G. Theory and basis of taxation
1. Lifeblood theory
2. Necessity theory
3. Benefits-protection theory (Symbiotic relationship)
4. Jurisdiction over subject and objects
H. Doctrines in taxation
1. Prospectivity of tax laws
2. Imprescriptibility
3. Double taxation
a) Strict sense
b) Broad sense
c) Constitutionality of double taxation
d) Modes of eliminating double taxation
4. Escape from taxation
a) Shifting of tax burden
(i) Ways of shifting the tax burden
(ii) Taxes that can be shifted
(iii) Meaning of impact and incidence of taxation
b) Tax avoidance
c) Tax evasion
5. Exemption from taxation
a) Meaning of exemption from taxation
b) Nature of tax exemption
c) Kinds of tax exemption
(i) Express
(ii) Implied
(iii) Contractual
d) Rationale/grounds for exemption
e) Revocation of tax exemption
6. Compensation and set-off
7. Compromise
8. Tax amnesty
a) Definition
b) Distinguished from tax exemption
9. Construction and interpretation of:
a) Tax laws
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(ii) Gross income and taxable income from sources without
the Philippines
(iii) Income partly within or partly without the Philippines
e) Sources of income subject to tax
(i) Compensation income
(ii) Fringe benefits
(a) Special treatment of fringe benefits
(b) Definition
(c) Taxable and non-taxable fringe benefits
(iii) Professional income
(iv) Income from business
(v) Income from dealings in property
(a) Types of properties
(1) Ordinary assets
(2) Capital assets
(b) Types of gains from dealings in property
(1) Ordinary income vis--vis capital gain
(2) Actual gain vis--vis presumed gain
(3) Long term capital gain vis--vis short-term capital gain
(4) Net capital gain, net capital loss
(5) Computation of the amount of gain or loss
(6) Income tax treatment of capital loss
(a) Capital loss limitation rule (applicable to both
corporations and individuals)
(b) Net loss carry-over rule (applicable only to individuals)
(7) Dealings in real property situated in the Philippines
(8) Dealings in shares of stock of Philippine corporations
(a) Shares listed and traded in the stock exchange
(b) Shares not listed and traded in the stock exchange
(9) Sale of principal residence
(vi) Passive investment income
(a) Interest income
(b) Dividend income
(1) Cash dividend
(2) Stock dividend
(3) Property dividend
(4) Liquidating dividend
(c) Royalty income
(d) Rental income
(1) Lease of personal property
(2) Lease of real property
(3) Tax treatment of
(a) Leasehold improvements by lessee
(b) VAT added to rental/paid by the lessee
(c) Advance rental/long term lease
(vii) Annuities, proceeds from life insurance or other types
of insurance
(viii) Prizes and awards
(ix) Pensions, retirement benefit, or separation pay
(x) Income from any source whatever
(a) Forgiveness of indebtedness
(b) Recovery of accounts previously written-off when
taxable/when not taxable
(c) Receipt of tax refunds or credit
(d) Income from any source whatever
(e) Source rules in determining income from within and
without
(1) Interests
(2) Dividends
(3) Services
(4) Rentals
(5) Royalties
(6) Sale of real property
(7) Sale of personal property
(8) Shares of stock of domestic corporation
(f) Situs of income taxation (see page 2 under inherent
limitations, territorial)
(g) Exclusions from gross income
(1) Rationale for the exclusions
(2) Taxpayers who may avail of the exclusions
(3) Exclusions distinguished from deductions and tax
credit
(4) Under the Constitution
(a) Income derived by the government or its political
subdivisions from the exercise of any essential
governmental function
(5) Under the Tax Code
(a) Proceeds of life insurance policies
(b) Return of premium paid
(c) Amounts received under life insurance, endowment or
annuity contracts
(d) Value of property acquired by gift, bequest, devise or
descent
(e) Amount received through accident or health insurance
(f) Income exempt under tax treaty
(g) Retirement benefits, pensions, gratuities, etc.
(h) Winnings, prizes, and awards, including those in sports
competition
(6) Under special laws
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c) Taxation of passive income
(i) Passive income subject to tax
(a) Interest from deposits and yield, or any other monetary
benefit from deposit substitutes and from trust funds and
similar arrangements
and royalties
(b) Capital gains from the sale of shares of stock not
traded in the stock exchange
(c) Income derived under the expanded foreign currency
deposit system
(d) Inter-corporate dividends
(e) Capital gains realized from the sale, exchange, or
disposition of lands and/or buildings
(ii) Passive income not subject to tax
d) Taxation of capital gains
(i) Income from sale of shares of stock
(ii) Income from the sale of real property situated in the
Philippines
(iii) Income from the sale, exchange, or other disposition of
other capital assets
e) Tax on proprietary educational institutions and hospitals
f) Tax on government-owned or controlled corporations,
agencies or instrumentalities
14. Taxation of resident foreign corporations
a) General rule
b) With respect to their income from sources within the
Philippines
c) Minimum Corporate Income Tax
d) Tax on certain income
(i) Interest from deposits and yield, or any other monetary
benefit from deposit substitutes, trust funds and similar
arrangements and royalties
(ii) Income derived under the expanded foreign currency
deposit system
(iii) Capital gains from sale of shares of stock not traded in
the stock
exchange
(iv) Inter-corporate dividends
Exclude:
(i) International carrier
(ii) Offshore banking units
(iii) Branch profits remittances
(iv) Regional or area headquarters and regional
operating headquarters of multinational companies
15. Taxation of non-resident foreign corporations
a) General rule
b) Tax on certain income
(i) Interest on foreign loans
(ii) Inter-corporate dividends
(iii) Capital gains from sale of shares of stock not traded in
the stock exchange
Exclude:
(i) Non-resident cinematographic film-owner, lessor or
distributor
(ii) Non-resident owner or lessor of vessels chartered
by Philippine
nationals
(iii) Non-resident owner or lessor of aircraft
machineries and other
equipment
16. Improperly accumulated earnings of corporations
17. Exemption from tax on corporations
18. Taxation of partnerships
19. Taxation of general professional partnerships
20. Withholding tax
a) Concept
b) Kinds
(i) Withholding of final tax on certain incomes
(ii) Withholding of creditable tax at source
c) Withholding of VAT
d) Filing of return and payment of taxes withheld
(i) Return and payment in case of government employees
(ii) Statements and returns
e) Final withholding tax at source
f) Creditable withholding tax
(i) Expanded withholding tax
(ii) Withholding tax on compensation
g) Timing of withholding
B. Estate tax
1. Basic principles
2. Definition
3. Nature
4. Purpose or object
5. Time and transfer of properties
6. Classification of decedent
7. Gross estate vis--vis net estate
8. Determination of gross estate and net estate
9. Composition of gross estate
10. Items to be included in gross estate
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(b) Resale of real estate taken for taxes
(c) When property to be sold or destroyed
(d) Disposition of funds recovered in legal proceedings or
obtained from forfeiture
(vi) Further distraint or levy
(vii) Tax lien
(viii) Compromise
(a) Authority of the Commissioner to compromise and
abate taxes
(ix) Civil and criminal actions
(a) Suit to recover tax based on false or fraudulent returns
c) Refund
(i) Grounds and requisites for refund
(ii) Requirements for refund as laid down by cases
(a) Necessity of written claim for refund
(b) Claim containing a categorical demand for
reimbursement
(c) Filing of administrative claim for refund and the
suit/proceeding before the CTA within 2 years from date of
payment regardless of
any supervening cause
(iii) Legal basis of tax refunds
(iv) Statutory basis for tax refund under the tax code
(a) Scope of claims for refund
(b) Necessity of proof for claim or refund
(c) Burden of proof for claim of refund
(d) Nature of erroneously-paid tax/illegally assessed
collected
(e) Tax refund vis--vis tax credit
(f) Essential requisites for claim of refund
(v) Who may claim/apply for tax refund/tax credit
(a) Taxpayer/withholding agents of non-resident foreign
corporation
(vi) Prescriptive period for recovery of tax erroneously or
illegally collected
(vii) Other consideration affecting tax refunds
2. Government remedies
a) Administrative remedies
(i) Tax lien
(ii) Levy and sale of real property
(iii) Forfeiture of real property to the government for want
of bidder
(iv) Further distraint and levy
(v) Suspension of business operation
(vi) Non-availability of injunction to restrain collection of tax
b) Judicial remedies
3. Statutory offenses and penalties
a) Civil penalties
(i) Surcharge
(ii) Interest
(a) In general
(b) Deficiency interest
(c) Delinquency interest
(d) Interest on extended payment
4. Compromise and abatement of taxes
a) Compromise
b) Abatement
F. Organization and Function of the Bureau of Internal
Revenue
1. Rule-making authority of the Secretary of Finance
a) Authority of Secretary of Finance to promulgate rules
and regulations
b) Specific provisions to be contained in rules and
regulations
c) Non-retroactivity of rulings
2. Power of the Commissioner to suspend the business
operation of a taxpayer
III. Local Government Code of 1991, as amended
A. Local government taxation
1. Fundamental principles
2. Nature and source of taxing power
a) Grant of local taxing power under the local government
code
b) Authority to prescribe penalties for tax violations
c) Authority to grant local tax exemptions
d) Withdrawal of exemptions
e) Authority to adjust local tax rates
f) Residual taxing power of local governments
g) Authority to issue local tax ordinances
3. Local taxing authority
a) Power to create revenues exercised through Local
Government Units
b) Procedure for approval and effectivity of tax ordinances
4. Scope of taxing power
5. Specific taxing power of Local Government Units
a) Taxing powers of provinces
(i) Tax on transfer of real property ownership
(ii) Tax on business of printing and publication
(iii) Franchise tax
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3. Requisites for challenging the constitutionality of a tax
measure or act of taxing authority
a) Concept of locus standi as applied in taxation
b) Doctrine of transcendental importance
c) Ripeness for judicial determination
MERCANTILE LAW
I. Letters of Credit
A. Definition and Nature of Letter of Credit
B. Parties to a Letter of Credit
1. Rights and Obligations of Parties
C. Basic Principles of Letter of Credit
1. Doctrine of Independence
2. Fraud Exception Principle
3. Doctrine of Strict Compliance
II. Trust Receipts Law
A. Definition/Concept of a Trust Receipt Transaction
1. Loan/Security Feature
2. Ownership of the Goods, Documents and Instruments
under a Trust Receipt
B. Rights of the Entruster
1. Validity of the Security Interest as Against the Creditors
of the Entrustee/Innocent Purchasers for Value
C. Obligation and Liability of the Entrustee
1. Payment/Delivery of Proceeds of Sale or Disposition of
Goods, Documents or Instruments
2. Return of Goods, Documents or Instruments in Case of
Sale
3. Liability for Loss of Goods, Documents or Instruments
4. Penal Sanction if Offender is a Corporation
D. Remedies Available
C. Warehousemans Lien
III. Negotiable Instruments Law
A. Forms and Interpretation
1. Requisites of Negotiability
2. Kinds of Negotiable Instruments
B. Completion and Delivery
1. Insertion of Date
2. Completion of Blanks
3. Incomplete and Undelivered Instruments
4. Complete but Undelivered Instruments
C. Signature
1. Signing in Trade Name
2. Signature of Agent
3. Indorsement by Minor or Corporation
4. Forgery
D. Consideration
E. Accommodation Party
F. Negotiation
1. Distinguished from Assignment
2. Modes of Negotiation
3. Kinds of Indorsements
G. Rights of the Holder
1. Holder in Due Course
2. Defenses Against the Holder
H. Liabilities of Parties
1. Maker
2. Drawer
3. Acceptor
4. Indorser
5. Warranties
I. Presentment for Payment
1. Necessity of Presentment for Payment
2. Parties to Whom Presentment for Payment Should Be
Made
3. Dispensation with Presentment for Payment
4. Dishonor by Non-Payment
J. Notice of Dishonor
1. Parties to Be Notified
2. Parties Who May Give Notice and Dishonor
3. Effect of Notice
4. Form of Notice
5. Waiver
6. Dispensation with Notice
7. Effect of Failure to Give Notice
K. Discharge of Negotiable Instrument
1. Discharge of Negotiable Instrument
2. Discharge of Parties Secondarily Liable
3. Right of Party Who Discharged Instrument
4. Renunciation by Holder
L. Material Alteration
1. Concept
2. Effect of Material Alteration
M. Acceptance
1. Definition
2. Manner
3. Time for Acceptance
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10. Inside Information
11. Contracts
a. By Self-Dealing Directors with the Corporation
b. Between Corporations with Interlocking Directors
c. Management Contracts
12. Executive Committee
13. Meetings
a. Regular or Special
i. When and Where
ii. Notice
b. Who Presides
c. Quorum
d. Rule on Abstention
H. Stockholders and Members
1. Rights of a Stockholder and Members
a. Doctrine of Equality of Shares
2. Participation in Management
a. Proxy
b. Voting Trust
c. Cases When Stockholders Action is Required
i. By a Majority Vote
ii. By a Two-Thirds Vote
iii. By Cumulative Voting
3. Proprietary Rights
a. Right to Dividends
b. Right of Appraisal
c. Right to Inspect
d. Pre-Emptive Right
e. Right to Vote
f. Right to Dividends
g. Right of First Refusal
4. Remedial Rights
a. Individual Suit
b. Representative Suit
c. Derivative Suit
5. Obligation of a Stockholder
6. Meetings
a. Regular or Special
i. When and Where
ii. Notice
b. Who Calls the Meetings
c. Quorum
d. Minutes of the Meetings
I. Capital Structure
1. Subscription Agreements
2. Consideration for Stocks
3. Shares of Stock
a. Nature of Stock
b. Subscription Agreements
c. Consideration for Shares of Stock
d. Watered Stock
i. Definition
ii. Liability of Directors for Watered Stocks
iii. Trust Fund Doctrine for Liability for Watered Stocks
e. Situs of the Shares of Stock
f. Classes of Shares of Stock
4. Payment of Balance of Subscription
a. Call by Board of Directors
b. Notice Requirement
c. Sale of Delinquent Shares
i. Effect of Delinquency
ii. Call by Resolution of the Board of Directors
iii. Notice of Sale
iv. Auction Sale and the Highest Bidder
5. Certificate of Stock
a. Nature of the Certificate
b. Uncertificated Shares
c. Negotiability
i. Requirements for Valid Transfer of Stocks
d. Issuance
i. Full Payment
ii. Payment Pro-Rata
e. Lost or Destroyed Certificates
6. Stock and Transfer Book
a. Contents
b. Who May Make Valid Entries
7. Disposition and Encumbrance of Shares
a. Allowable Restrictions on the Sale of Shares
b. Sale of Partially Paid Shares
c. Sale of a Portion of Shares Not Fully Paid
d. Sale of All of Shares Not Fully Paid
e. Sale of Fully Paid Shares
f. Requisites of a Valid Transfer
g. Involuntary Dealings with Shares
J. Dissolution and Liquidation
1. Modes of Dissolution
a. Voluntary
i. Where No Creditors Are Affected
ii. Where Creditors Are Affected
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7. Unlawful Activities or Predicate Crimes
8. Anti-Money Laundering Council
9. Functions
10. Freezing of Monetary Instrument or Property
11. Authority to Inquire Into Bank Deposits
C. Foreign Investments Act (R.A. No. 7042)
1. Policy of the Law
2. Definition of Terms
a. Foreign Investment
b. Doing Business in the Philippines
c. Export Enterprise
d. Domestic Market Enterprise
3. Registration of Investments on Non-Philippine Nationals
4. Foreign Investments in Export Enterprise
5. Foreign Investments in Domestic Market Enterprise
6. Foreign Investment Negative List
CRIMINAL LAW
I. Revised Penal Code (RPC) and related Special Laws
A. Book 1 (Articles 1-99, RPC; exclude the provisions on
civil liability)
1. Fundamental principles
a) Definition of Criminal Law
(i) Mala in Se and Mala Prohibita
(ii) Construction of penal laws
b) Scope of application and characteristics of Philippine
criminal law
(i) Generality
(ii) Territoriality
(iii) Prospectivity
(a) Effects of repeal/amendment of penal law
c) Constitutional limitations on the power of Congress to
enact penal laws
(i) Equal protection
(ii) Due process
(iii) Non-imposition of cruel and unusual punishment or
excessive fines
(a) Act Prohibiting the Imposition of Death Penalty in the
Philippines (R.A. No. 9346)
(iv) Bill of attainder
(v) Ex post facto law
2. Felonies
a) Classifications of felonies
b) Elements of criminal liability
c) Impossible crime
d) Stages of execution
e) Conspiracy and proposal
f) Multiple offenders (differences, rules, effects)
(i) Recidivism
(ii) Habituality (Reiteracion)
(iii) Quasi-Recidivism
(iv) Habitual Delinquency
g) Continuing crimes
h) Complex crimes and special complex crimes
3. Circumstances affecting criminal liability
a) Justifying circumstances
(i) Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of
2004 (R.A. No. 9262)
(a) Battered woman syndrome
b) Exempting circumstances
(i) Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006 (R.A. No.
9344); also refer to
Child and Youth Welfare Code (P.D. 603, as amended)
(a) Definition of child in conflict with the law
(b) Minimum age of criminal responsibility
(c) Determination of age
(d) Exemption from criminal liability
(e) Treatment of child below age of responsibility
(f) Status offenses under Sec. 57 of R.A. No. 9344
(g) Offenses not applicable to children under Sec. 58 of
R.A. No. 9344
c) Mitigating circumstances
d) Aggravating circumstances
(i) Generic
(ii) Qualifying
(a) Decree Codifying the Laws on Illegal/Unlawful
Possession, Manufacture, Dealing in, Acquisition or
Disposition, of Firearms, Ammunition or Explosives (P.D.
1866, as amended by R.A. No. 8294) as an aggravating
circumstance
(b) The Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002
(R.A. No. 9165)
(i) As a qualifying aggravating circumstance
(ii) Immunity from prosecution and punishment, coverage
(iii) Minor offenders
(iv) Application/Non- application of RPC provisions (Sec.
98, R.A. No. 9165) provisions (Sec. 98) cf. Art. 10, RPC
e) Alternative circumstances
f) Absolutory cause
4. Persons criminally liable/Degree of participation
a) Decree Penalizing Obstruction of Apprehension and
Prosecution of Criminal Offenders (P.D. 1829)
(i) Punishable acts
(ii) Compare with Art. 20, RPC (accessories exempt from
criminal liability)
5. Penalties
a) General principles
(i) Act Prohibiting the Imposition of Death Penalty in the
Philippines (R.A. No. 9346)
b) Purposes
c) Classification
d) Duration and Effect
e) Application
(i) Indeterminate Sentence Law (R.A. No. 4103, as
amended)
(a) Application on the imposed sentence
(b) Coverage
(c) Conditions of parole
(ii) Three-fold rule
(iii) Subsidiary imprisonment
f) Execution and service
(i) Probation Law (P.D. 968, as amended)
(a) Definition of terms
(b) Purpose
(c) Grant of probation, manner and conditions
(d) Criteria of placing an offender on probation
(e) Disqualified offenders
(f) Period of probation
(g) Arrest of probationer
(h) Termination of probation; exception
(i) The Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002
(R.A. No. 9165)
(ii) Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006 (R.A. No.
9344); also
refer to Child and Youth Welfare Code (P.D. 603, as
amended)
(a) Definition of child in conflict with the law
(b) Exemption from criminal liability
(c) Juvenile justice and welfare system
6. Modification and extinction of criminal liability
a) Prescription of crime; Prescription of Violations of
Special Laws (Act. No. 3326)
b) Prescription of penalties
c) Pardon by offended party
d) Pardon by the Chief Executive
e) Amnesty
B. Book II (Articles 114-365, RPC) and specifically
included Special Laws
1. Crimes Against National Security (Arts. 114-123)
Include:
a) Anti-Piracy and Anti-Highway Robbery (P.D. 532)
(i) Definition of terms
(ii) Punishable acts
b) Anti-Hijacking Law (P.D. 6235)
(i) Punishable acts
c) Human Security Act of 2007 (R.A. No. 9372)
(i) Punishable acts of terrorism
(ii) Who are liable
2. Crimes Against the Fundamental Laws of the State
(Articles 124-133)
Include:
a) Human Security Act of 2007 (R.A. No. 9372)
(i) Period of detention
b) Anti-Torture Act of 2009 (R.A. No. 9745)
(i) Punishable acts
(ii) Who are liable
3. Crimes Against Public Order (Articles 134-160)
Include:
a) Decree Codifying the Laws on Illegal/Unlawful
Possession, Manufacture, Dealing in, Acquisition or
Disposition of Firearms, Ammunition or Explosives (P.D.
1866, as amended by R.A. No. 8294), as further amended
by the Comprehensive Firearms and Ammunition
Regulation Act (R.A. No. 10591).
b) Human Security Act of 2007 (R.A. No. 9372)
(i) Punishable acts of terrorism
(ii) Who are liable
(iii) Absorption principle in relation to complex crimes
4. Crimes Against Public Interest (Articles 161-187)
Include:
a) R.A. No. 9194 Anti-Money Laundering Act
(i) Punishable acts
(ii) Covered Transactions
(iii) Suspicious Transactions
5. Crimes Relative to Opium and Other Prohibited Drugs
P a g e | 11
(ii) Exception
(a) With clearance or permit to sell
b) Bouncing Checks Law (B.P. Blg. 22), plus
Administrative Circular No. 12-2000 Re: Penalty for
Violation of B.P. 22 and Administrative Circular No. 132001 Re: Clarification of Admin. Circular No. 12-2000; and
P.D. No. 1689 (Increasing the Penalty for Certain Forms of
Swindling or Estafa)
(i) Punishable acts
(ii) Evidence of knowledge of insufficient funds
(iii) Preference of imposition of fine
c) Anti-Carnapping Act of 1972 (R.A. No. 6539), as
amended by R.A. No.
7659
(i) Registration
(iii) Who are liable
(a) Duty of Collector of Customs
(b) Duty of importers, distributors and sellers
(c) Clearance and permit
(iv) Punishable acts
d) Human Security Act of 2007 (R.A. No. 9372)
(i) Punishable acts of terrorism
e) Anti-Arson Law (P.D. 1613)
(i) Punishable acts
11. Crimes Against Chastity (Articles 333-334, 336-346)
Include:
a) Anti-Photo and Video Voyeurism Act of 2009 (R.A. No.
9995)
(i) Punishable acts
b) Special Protection of Children Against Child Abuse,
Exploitation and Discrimination Act (R.A. No. 7610, as
amended)
(i) Child prostitution and other acts of abuse
(a) Punishable acts
(b) Compare prosecution for Acts of Lasciviousness under
Art. 366, RPC and R.A. No. 7610, as amended
(ii) Obscene publications and indecent shows
(a) Punishable acts
c) Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003 (R.A. No. 9208)
(i) Punishable acts
d) Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of
2004 (R.A. No. 9262)
(i) Punishable acts
12. Crimes Against Civil Status (Articles 347-352)
13. Crimes Against Honor (Articles 353-364)
Include:
a) Administrative Circular 08-2008 Re: Guidelines in the
Observance of a Rule of Preference in the Imposition of
Penalties in Libel Cases
(i) Preference of imposition of fine
14. Criminal Negligence (Article 365)
EXCLUDE: a. Penalties for specific crimes
b. Special criminal laws not included in the above listing
REMEDIAL LAW
1. General Principles
1.1. Concept of remedial law
1.2. Substantive law vis--vis remedial law
1.3. Rule-making power of the Supreme Court
1.3.1 Limitations on the rule-making power of the Supreme
Court
1.3.2. Power of the Supreme Court to amend and suspend
procedural rules
1.4. Nature of Philippine courts
1.4.1. Meaning of a court
1.4.2. Court as distinguished from a judge
1.4.3. Classification of Philippine courts
1.4.4. Courts of original and appellate jurisdiction
1.4.5. Courts of general and special jurisdiction
1.4.6. Constitutional and statutory courts
1.4.7. Courts of law and equity
1.4.8. Principle of judicial hierarchy
1.4.9. Doctrine of non-interference or doctrine of judicial
stability
2. Jurisdiction
2.1 Over the parties
2.1.1. How jurisdiction over the plaintiff is acquired
2.1.2. How jurisdiction over the defendant is acquired
2.2 Over the subject matter
2.2 1. Meaning of jurisdiction over the subject matter
2.2 2. Jurisdiction versus the exercise of jurisdiction
2.2 3. Error of jurisdiction as distinguished from error of
judgment
2.2 4. How jurisdiction is conferred and determined
2.2 5. Doctrine of primary jurisdiction
2.2 6. Doctrine of adherence of jurisdiction
2.2 7. Objections to jurisdiction over the subject matter
P a g e | 12
3.11.3. Service of subpoena
3.11.4. Compelling attendance of witnesses; contempt
3.11.5. Quashing of subpoena
3.12. Modes of discovery
3.12.1. Depositions pending action; depositions before
action or pending appeal
a) Meaning of deposition
b) Uses; scope of examination
c) When may objections to admissibility be made
d) When may taking of deposition be terminated or its
scope limited
3.12.2. Written interrogatories to adverse parties
a) Consequences of refusal to answer
b) Effect of failure to serve written interrogatories
3.12.3. Request for admission
a) Implied admission by adverse party
b) Consequences of failure to answer request for
admission
c) Effect of admission
d) Effect of failure to file and serve request for admission
3.12.4. Production or inspection of documents or things
3.12.5. Physical and mental examination of persons
3.12.6. Consequences of refusal to comply with modes of
discovery
3.13. Trial
3.13.1. Adjournments and postponements
3.13.2. Requisites of motion to postpone trial
a) For absence of evidence
b) For illness of party or counsel
3.13.3. Agreed statement of facts
3.13.4. Order of trial; reversal of order
3.13.5. Consolidation or severance of hearing or trial
3.13.6. Delegation of reception of evidence
3.13.7. Trial by commissioners
a) Reference by consent or ordered on motion
b) Powers of the commissioner
c) Commissioners report; notice to parties and hearing on
the report
3.14. Demurrer to evidence
3.14.1. Ground
3.14.2. Effect of denial
3.14.3. Effect of grant
3.14.4. Waiver of right to present evidence
3.14.5. Demurrer to evidence in a civil case versus
demurrer to evidence in a criminal case
3.15. Judgments and final orders
3.15.1. Judgment without trial
3.15.2. Contents of a judgment
3.15.3. Judgment on the pleadings
3.15.4. Summary judgments
a) For the claimant
b) For the defendant
c) When the case not fully adjudicated
d) Affidavits and attachments
3.15.5. Judgment on the pleadings versus summary
judgments
3.15.6. Rendition of judgments and final orders
3.15.7. Entry of judgment and final order
3.16. Post-judgment remedies
3.16.1. Motion for new trial or reconsideration
a) Grounds
b) When to file
c) Denial of the motion; effect
d) Grant of the motion; effect
e) Remedy when motion is denied, fresh 15-day period
rule
3.16.2. Appeals in general
a) Judgments and final orders subject to appeal
b) Matters not appealable
c) Remedy against judgments and orders which are not
appealable
d) Modes of appeal
i. Ordinary appeal
ii. Petition for review
iii. Petition for review on certiorari
e) Issues to be raised on appeal
f) Period of appeal
g) Perfection of appeal
h) Appeal from judgments or final orders of the MTC
i) Appeal from judgments or final orders of the RTC
j) Appeal from judgments or final orders of the CA
k) Appeal from judgments or final orders of the CTA
l) Review of final judgments or final orders of the Comelec
m) Review of final judgments or final orders of the
Ombudsman
n) Review of final judgments or final orders of the NLRC
o) Review of final judgments or final orders of quasijudicial agencies
P a g e | 13
d) Remedy against indirect contempt; penalty
e) How contempt proceedings are commenced
f) Acts deemed punishable as indirect contempt
g) When imprisonment shall be imposed
h) Contempt against quasi-judicial bodies
4. Special Proceedings
4.1. Settlement of estate of deceased persons, venue and
process
4.1. 1. Which court has jurisdiction
4.1. 2. Venue in judicial settlement of estate
4.1. 3. Extent of jurisdiction of probate court
4.1.4. Powers and duties of probate court
4.2. Summary settlement of estates
4.2.1. Extrajudicial settlement by agreement between
heirs, when allowed
4.2.2. Two-year prescriptive period
4.2.3. Affidavit of self-adjudication by sole heir
4.2.4. Summary settlement of estates of small value, when
allowed
4.2.5. Remedies of aggrieved parties after extrajudicial
settlement of estate
4.3. Production and probate of will
4.3.1. Nature of probate proceeding
4.3.2. Who may petition for probate; persons entitled to
notice
4.4. Allowance or disallowance of will
4.4. 1. Contents of petition for allowance of will
4.4. 2. Grounds for disallowing a will
4.4. 3. Reprobate
a) Requisites before a will proved abroad would be
allowed in the Philippines
4.4.4. Effects of probate
4.5. Letters testamentary and of administration
4.5. 1. When and to whom letters of administration granted
4.5. 2. Order of preference
4.5. 3. Opposition to issuance of letters testamentary;
simultaneous filing of petition for administration
4.5. 4. Powers and duties of executors and administrators;
restrictions on the powers
4.5. 5. Appointment of special administrator
4.5. 6. Grounds for removal of administrator
4.6. Claims against the estate
4.6.1. Time within which claims shall be filed; exceptions
4.6.2. Statute of non-claims
4.6.3. Claim of executor or administrator against the estate
4.6.4. Payment of debts
4.7. Actions by and against executors and administrators
4.7.1. Actions that may be brought against executors and
administrators
4.7.2. Requisites before creditor may bring an action for
recovery of property fraudulently conveyed by the
deceased
4.8. Distribution and partition
4.8.1. Liquidation
4.8.2. Project of partition
4.8.3. Remedy of an heir entitled to residue but not given
his share
4.8.4. Instances when probate court may issue writ of
execution
4.9. Trustees
4.9.1. Distinguished from executor/administrator
4.9.2. Conditions of the bond
4.9.3. Requisites for the removal and resignation of a
trustee
4.9.4. Grounds for removal and resignation of a trustee
4.9.5. Extent of authority of trustee
4.10. Escheat
4.10.1. When to file
4.10.2. Requisites for filing of petition
4.10.3. Remedy of respondent against petition; period for
filing a claim
4.11. Guardianship
4.11.1. General powers and duties of guardians
4.11.2. Conditions of the bond of the guardian
4.11.3. Rule on guardianship over minor
4.12. Adoption
4.12.1. Distinguish domestic adoption from inter-country
adoption
4.12.2. Domestic Adoption Act
a) Effects of adoption
b) Instances when adoption may be rescinded
c) Effects of rescission of adoption
4.12.3. Inter-country adoption
a) When allowed
b) Functions of the RTC
c) Best interest of the minor standard
4.13. Writ of habeas corpus
4.13.1. Contents of the petition
4.13.2. Contents of the return
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5.14. Appeal
5.14.1. Effect of an appeal
5.14.2. Where to appeal
5.14.3. How appeal taken
5.14.4. Effect of appeal by any of several accused
5.14.5. Grounds for dismissal of appeal
5.15. Search and seizure
5.15.1. Nature of search warrant
5.15.2. Distinguish from warrant of arrest
5.15.3. Application for search warrant, where filed
5.15.4. Probable cause
5.15.5. Personal examination by judge of the applicant and
witnesses
5.15.6. Particularity of place to be searched and things to
be seized
5.15.7. Personal property to be seized
5.15.8. Exceptions to search warrant requirement
a) Search incidental to lawful arrest
b) Consented search
c) Search of moving vehicle
d) Check points; body checks in airport
e) Plain view situation
f) Stop and frisk situation
g) Enforcement of custom laws
h) Remedies from unlawful search and seizure
5.16. Provisional remedies
5.16.1. Nature
5.16.2. Kinds of provisional remedies
6. Evidence
6.1. General principles
6.1.1. Concept of evidence
6.1.2. Scope of the Rules on Evidence
6.1.3. Evidence in civil cases versus evidence in criminal
cases
6.1.4. Proof versus evidence
6.1.5. Factum probans versus factum probandum
6.1.6. Admissibility of evidence
a) Requisites for admissibility of evidence
b) Relevance of evidence and collateral matters
c) Multiple admissibility
d) Conditional admissibility
e) Curative admissibility
f) Direct and circumstantial evidence
g) Positive and negative evidence
h) Competent and credible evidence
6.1.7. Burden of proof and burden of evidence
6.1.8. Presumptions
a) Conclusive presumptions
b) Disputable presumptions
6.1.9. Liberal construction of the rules of evidence
6.1.10. Quantum of evidence (weight and sufficiency of
evidence)
a) Proof beyond reasonable doubt
b) Preponderance of evidence
c) Substantial evidence
d) Clear and convincing evidence
6.2. Judicial notice and judicial admissions
6.2.1. What need not be proved
6.2.2. Matters of judicial notice
a) Mandatory
b) Discretionary
6.2.3. Judicial admissions
a) Effect of judicial admissions
b) How judicial admissions may be contradicted
6.2.4. Judicial notice of foreign laws, law of nations and
municipal ordinance
6.3. Object (real) evidence
6.3.1. Nature of object evidence
6.3.2. Requisites for admissibility
6.3.3. Categories of object evidence
6.3.4. Demonstrative evidence
6.3.5. View of an object or scene
6.3.6. Chain of custody, in relation to Section 21 of the
Comprehensive Dangerous
Drugs Act of 2002
6.3.7. Rule on DNA Evidence (A.M. No. 06-11-5-SC)
a) Meaning of DNA
b) Applicable for DNA testing order
c) Post-conviction DNA testing; remedy
d) Assessment of probative value of DNA evidence and
admissibility
e) Rules on evaluation of reliability of the DNA testing
methodology
6.4. Documentary evidence
6.4.1. Meaning of documentary evidence
6.4.2. Requisites for admissibility
6.4.3. Best Evidence Rule
a) Meaning of the rule
b) When applicable
c) Meaning of original
d) Requisites for introduction of secondary evidence
6.4.4. Rules on Electronic Evidence (A.M. No. 01-7-01SC)
a) Scope; coverage; meaning of electronic evidence;
electronic data message
b) Probative value of electronic documents or evidentiary
weight; method of proof c) Authentication of electronic
documents and electronic signatures
d) Electronic documents vis-a-vis the hearsay rule
e) Audio, photographic, video and ephemeral evidence
6.4.5. Parol Evidence Rule
a) Application of the parol evidence rule
b) When parol evidence can be introduced
c) Distinctions between the best evidence rule and parol
evidence rule
6.4.6. Authentication and proof of documents
a) Meaning of authentication
b) Public and private documents
c) When a private writing requires authentication; proof of
a private writing
d) When evidence of authenticity of a private writing is not
required (ancient documents)
e) How to prove genuineness of a handwriting
f) Public documents as evidence; proof of official record
g) Attestation of a copy
h) Public record of a public document
i) Proof of lack of record
j) How a judicial record is impeached
k) Proof of notarial documents
l) How to explain alterations in a document
m) Documentary evidence in an unofficial language
6.5. Testimonial evidence
6.5.1. Qualifications of a witness
6.5.2. Competency versus credibility of a witness
6.5.3. Disqualifications of witnesses
a) By reason of mental capacity or immaturity
b) By reason of marriage
c) By reason of death or insanity of adverse party
d) By reason of privileged communications
6.5.4. Examination of a witness
a) Rights and obligations of a witness
b) Order in the examination of an individual witness
i. Direct examination
ii. Cross examination
iii. Re-direct examination
iv. Re-cross examination
v. Recalling the witness
c) Leading and misleading questions
d) Methods of impeachment of adverse partys witness
e) How the witness is impeached by evidence of
inconsistent statements (laying the predicate)
f) Evidence of the good character of a witness
g) Judicial Affidavit Rule (A.M. No. 12-8-8-SC)
6.5.5. Admissions and confessions
a) Res inter alios acta rule
b) Admission by a party
c) Admission by a third party
d) Admission by a co-partner or agent
e) Admission by a conspirator
f) Admission by privies
g) Admission by silence
h) Confessions
i) Similar acts as evidence
6.5.6. Hearsay Rule
a) Meaning of hearsay
b) Reason for exclusion of hearsay evidence
c) Exceptions to the hearsay rule
i. Dying declaration
ii. Declaration against interest
iii. Act or declaration about pedigree
iv. Family reputation or tradition regarding pedigree
v. Common reputation
vi. Part of the res gestae
vii. Entries in the course of business
viii. Entries in official records
ix. Commercial lists and the like
x. Learned treaties
xi. Testimony or deposition at a former trial
6.5.7. Opinion rule
a) Opinion of expert witness
b) Opinion of ordinary witness
6.5.8. Character evidence
a) Criminal cases
b) Civil cases
6.5.9. Rule on Examination of a Child Witness (A.M. No.
004-07-SC)
a) Applicability of the rule
b) Meaning of child witness
P a g e | 15
d) Proceedings where lawyers are prohibited from
appearing
4. Sanctions for practice or appearance without authority
a) Lawyers without authority
b) Persons not lawyers
5. Public officials and practice of law
a) Prohibition or disqualification of former government
attorneys
b) Public officials who cannot practice law or with
restrictions
6. Lawyers authorized to represent the government
7. Lawyers oath
B. Duties and responsibilities of a lawyer
1. To society
a) Respect for law and legal processes
b) Efficient and convenient legal services
c) True, honest, fair, dignified and objective information on
legal services
d) Participation in the improvement and reforms in the
legal system
e) Participation in legal education program
2. To the legal profession
a) Integrated Bar of the Philippines (Rule 139-A)
(i) Membership and dues
b) Upholding the dignity and integrity of the profession
c) Courtesy, fairness and candor towards professional
colleagues
d) No assistance in unauthorized practice of law
3. To the courts
a) Candor, fairness and good faith towards the courts
b) Respect for courts and judicial officers
c) Assistance in the speedy and efficient administration of
justice
d) Reliance on merits of his cause and avoidance of any
impropriety which tends to influence or gives the
appearance of influence upon the courts
4. To the clients
a) Availability of service without discrimination
(i) Services regardless of a persons status
(ii) Services as counsel de officio
(iii) Valid grounds for refusal
b) Candor, fairness and loyalty to clients
(i) Confidentiality rule
(ii) Privileged communications
(iii) Conflict of interest
(iv) Candid and honest advice to clients
(v) Compliance with laws
(vi) Concurrent practice of another profession
c) Clients moneys and properties
(i) Fiduciary relationship
(ii) Commingling of funds
(iii) Delivery of funds
(iv) Borrowing or lending
d) Fidelity to clients cause
e) Competence and diligence
(i) Adequate protection
(ii) Negligence
(iii) Collaborating counsel
(iv) Duty to apprise client
f) Representation with zeal within legal bounds
(i) Use of fair and honest means
(ii) Clients fraud
(iii) Procedure in handling the case
g) Attorneys fees
(i) Acceptance fees
(ii) Contingency fee arrangements
(iii) Attorneys liens
(iv) Fees and controversies with clients
(v) Concepts of attorneys fees
(a) Ordinary concept
(b) Extraordinary concept
h) Preservation of clients confidences
(i) Prohibited disclosures and use
(ii) Disclosure, when allowed
i) Withdrawal of services
C. Suspension, disbarment and discipline of lawyers (Rule
139-B, Rules of Court)
1. Nature and characteristics of disciplinary actions against
lawyers
a) Sui generis
b) Prescription
2. Grounds
3. Proceedings
4. Discipline of Filipino lawyers practicing abroad
D. Readmission to the Bar
1. Lawyers who have been suspended
2. Lawyers who have been disbarred
3. Lawyers who have been repatriated
E. Mandatory Continuing Legal Education
1. Purpose
2. Requirements
3. Compliance
4. Exemptions
5. Sanctions
6. Bar Matter 2012, Rule on Mandatory Legal Aid Service
F. Notarial Practice (A. M. No. 02-8-13-SC, as amended)
1. Qualifications of notary public
2. Term of office of notary public
3. Powers and limitations
4. Notarial register
5. Jurisdiction of notary public and place of notarization
6. Revocation of commission
7. Competent evidence of identity
8. Sanctions
G. Canons of Professional Ethics
II. JUDICIAL ETHICS
A. Sources
1. New Code of Judicial Conduct for the Philippine
Judiciary (Bangalore Draft)
2. Code of Judicial Conduct
B. Qualities
1. Independence
2. Integrity
3. Impartiality
4. Propriety
5. Equality
6. Competence and diligence
C. Discipline of members of the Judiciary
1. Members of the Supreme Court
a) Impeachment
b) Ethical Lessons from Former Chief Justice Coronas
Impeachment
2. Lower court judges and justices of the Court of Appeals
and Sandiganbayan (Rule 140)
3. Grounds
4. Impeachment (ethical aspects)
5. Sanctions imposed by the Supreme Court on erring
members of the Judiciary
D. Disqualification of Justices and Judges (Rule 137)
1. Compulsory
2. Voluntary
E. Powers and Duties of Courts and Judicial Officers (Rule
135)
F. Court Records and General Duties of Clerks and
Stenographer (Rule 136)
G. Legal Fees (Rule 141)
1. Manner of payment
2. Fees in lien
3. Persons authorized to collect legal fees
H. Costs
1. Recovery of costs (Rule 142)
a) Prevailing party
b) Dismissed appeal or action
c) Frivolous appeal
d) False allegations
e) Non-appearance of witness