MIMO Overview

January 2011

Fusion WiMAX 2.5GHz

Fusion WiMAX is the only DAS system
approved for WiMAX deployment by
Sprint/Clearwire
Compliant to WiMAX Wave 2 specifications
(MIMO)
Lab qualified by Sprint/Clearwire

Deployed for MIMO operation in Dulles and Reagan

National Airports

2.5GHz; 10MHz channel

Similar air interface to LTE (OFDMA)
7 Main Hubs
17 Expansion Hub
53 RAUs
On air since Q1 2009

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LTE Deployments
Fusion 700MHz MIMO DAS deployments
>200 systems shipped
~80% are MIMO
HQ of major US wireless operator
Downlink: 38 Mbps
Uplink: 12 Mbps
Large enterprise campus in Silicon Valley
Currently in DAS network expansion & optimization
Downlink: >20 Mbps
Uplink: >15 Mbps
Midsize southwestern US airport
Successful First Office Application deployment
BDA source; SISO mode
Large Las Vegas casino and convention area
Downlink: 28 Mbps
Uplink: 6 Mbps

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Multiple Antenna Usage

Single Input Single Output (SISO)

Traditional cellular downlink configuration
Traditional DAS configuration

Multi Input Single Output (MISO)

Transmit diversity

Single Input Multi Output (SIMO)

Traditional cellular uplink configuration
Applies to 4G system uplink

Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO)

4G downlink configuration
*Source: Agilent 5989-8139EN

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MIMO & Multipath

*Source: Agilent 5989-8139EN

MIMO requires a rich scattering environment & high SNR

Uses multiple paths to increase capacity or coverage
Multiple paths must be orthogonal independent channels
High SNR required to separate paths and use higher order modulation

Spatial Diversity (Space-Time/Frequency Coding)

Similar to transmit diversity
Transmits redundant data on each antenna to improve reception
Increases coverage area

Spatial Multiplexing
Transmits different data streams on each antenna
Increases capacity

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2x2 MIMO Modeling the Channel

*Source: Agilent MIMO & STC; 2006

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Test Setup
Ant spacing 6

80m
RAU

WiMAX EH

CPE

WiMAX MH

Deployed at different
location for testing
Pico WiMAX
BTS
PC

PC

WiMAX RAU is deployed in a building about 80m away from MH and EH.
Pico BTS and Fusion system location is fixed during testing; only the CPE is moved throughout building.
PCs on both sides are running Jperf software to measure data throughput rate.
Phase 1 Test Setup: 1 RAU was deployed
Phase 2 Test Setup: 2 RAU were deployed

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Test Signal Setup Details

Phase 1
RF Configuration
Center Frequency : 2593MHz, Bandwidth : 7MHz
7MHz channel BW; specified max data rate of 14Mbps
Most major 4G operators will be using 5 MHz or 10 MHz bandwidths

RF output power at DAS RAU antenna port : 15dBm (for SISO, and 15dBm/port for MIMO)
Antenna Spacing : 6 wavelengths @ 2.6GHz (69cm or 27inches)

Fusion System (MH, EH, & RAU) Configuration

DL Gain : 15dB, UL Gain : 10dB
Data was measured in static configuration for each modulation in all three modes: SISO,
MIMO-A and MIMO-B at different locations.

Frame Structure

Frame Duration : 5mS, FFT size : 1024, DL ratio : 66%

DL Zone : Zone 0 PUSC (default), Zone 1 PUSC (SISO, MIMO-A, MIMO-B)
UL Zone : Zone 0 PUSC (default)
HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request) OFF
AMC (Adaptive Modulation and Coding) disabled

Phase 2
Indoor CPE;
5MHz channel BW; BTS channel allocation was lowered that BTS MIMO data rate
is limited to 5Mbps for CPE.

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Phase 1 Test Locations First Floor

Initial attempt at measuring SISO/MIMO throughput
Data taken in a variety of environments and distances

1 MIMO RAU was Deployed

Approx. 200ft

Test Locations
SISO 64QAM 2/3 does not work

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Phase 1 Test Locations Second Floor

Approx. 200ft

SISO 64QAM 2/3 does not work

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10

Phase 1 SISO and MIMO Test data Per

Locations
2nd Floor

DL Type

Modulation

Mbps

Mbps

Mbps

Mbps

Mbps

Mbps

Mbps

Mbps

Mbps

Mbps

Mbps

Mbps

Mbps

Mbps

Avg

SISO

Location

J-6ft

K-40ft

I-42ft

F-47ft

E-55ft

A-70ft

B-100ft

C-115ft

D-187ft

N-205ft

M-206ft

L-210ft

G-236ft

H-270ft

DL(Mbps)

QPSK 1/2

1.35

1.35

1.36

1.35

1.36

1.36

1.35

1.36

1.35

1.34

1.33

1.36

1.36

1.35

1.35

QPSK 3/4

2.04

2.04

2.04

2.05

2.05

2.04

2.04

2.04

2.05

2.05

1.81

2.05

2.05

2.05

2.03

16QAM 1/2

2.71

2.73

2.73

2.73

2.73

2.73

2.73

2.73

2.73

2.73

2.46

2.73

2.73

2.73

2.71

16QAM 3/4

4.10

4.10

4.10

4.10

4.10

4.10

4.10

4.09

4.09

0.00

2.15

4.11

4.10

0.00

3.37

64QAM 2/3

5.46

5.46

5.46

5.46

5.44

5.47

5.46

5.47

5.46

0.00

0.00

0.00

5.46

0.00

3.90

Location

J-6ft

K-40ft

I-42ft

F-47ft

E-55ft

A-70ft

B-100ft

C-115ft

D-187ft

N-205ft

M-206ft

L-210ft

G-236ft

H-270ft

DL(Mbps)

QPSK 1/2

1.35

1.36

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.36

1.36

1.36

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.34

1.36

1.35

1.35

QPSK 3/4

2.05

2.04

2.04

2.04

2.04

2.05

2.05

2.04

2.05

2.05

1.90

2.05

2.05

2.05

2.04

16QAM 1/2

2.73

2.73

2.73

2.73

2.73

2.73

2.73

2.73

2.73

2.73

2.70

2.73

2.73

2.73

2.73

16QAM 3/4

4.10

4.10

4.09

4.10

4.10

4.10

4.10

4.10

4.09

4.09

3.92

4.11

4.10

4.11

4.09

64QAM 2/3

5.48

5.47

5.46

5.47

5.46

5.47

5.46

5.46

5.47

0.00

0.00

5.47

5.48

0.00

4.30

Location

J-6ft

K-40ft

I-42ft

F-47ft

E-55ft

A-70ft

B-100ft

C-115ft

D-187ft

N-205ft

M-206ft

L-210ft

G-236ft

H-270ft

DL(Mbps)

QPSK 1/2

2.73

2.73

2.73

2.73

2.73

2.73

2.73

2.73

2.73

2.73

2.71

2.74

2.72

2.73

2.73

QPSK 3/4

4.11

4.10

4.10

4.10

4.11

4.11

4.10

4.11

4.10

4.04

3.93

4.10

4.11

4.11

4.09

16QAM 1/2

5.48

5.47

5.46

5.46

5.48

5.47

5.47

5.47

5.47

0.00

0.00

5.47

5.47

4.42

4.61

16QAM 3/4

8.20

8.20

8.19

8.21

8.20

8.20

8.20

8.19

8.20

0.00

0.00

8.18

8.11

0.00

6.43

64QAM 2/3

10.90

10.90

10.90

10.90

10.80

10.90

10.70

10.80

10.80

0.00

0.00

0.00

10.70

0.00

7.74

MIMO-A

MIMO-B

Summary:

MIMO-A: 64QAM 2/3 and 16QAM 3/4 works at more locations and has higher data rates than SISO.

MIMO-B: Typically doubles data throughput.

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Phase 2 Test Locations

88 feet

Deployed 2 MIMO RAUs

5x4 Measurement grid

RAU #1
6 ant. spacing

11

16

RAU #2
6 ant. spacing
7

12

13

14

17

18

68 feet
19

15
5
10

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12

Cubicle Description

8 x 8 cubicles
53 high with glass tops (15.5)
Cubicle walls are 3.5 thick
Fabric covering over metal panels
29 high desks (1 thick)
Dividing partition is 7 long
Drop ceiling is 9-7 high

Steel Beam

6 x 6 steel posts
Angle of
photo
6 x 6
steel post
15.5

Glass tops

38.0

7 long
dividing
partition

29.0

Fabric over
metal

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13

SISO vs MIMO Results

Throughput performance for RAU #1
Loc #1

SISO
2.43

MIMOA MIMOB RSSI

2.44
4.85 -49dBm

Loc #6

SISO
2.43

Loc #2

2.44

2.43

4.86

Loc #3

2.43

2.43

Loc #4

2.44

Loc #5

2.43

MIMOA MIMOB RSSI

2.43
4.85 -51dBm

Loc #11

SISO
2.44

-39dBm

Loc #7

2.43

2.44

4.84

4.81

-44dBm

Loc #8

2.43

2.43

2.43

4.86

-56dBm

Loc #9

2.44

2.43

4.83

-55dBm

Loc #10

2.43

-46dBm

Loc #12

2.43

2.43

3.66

4.71

-47dBm

Loc #13

2.44

2.43

2.43

4.76

-54dBm

Loc #14

2.44

2.43

4.80

-60dBm

Loc #15

2.43

SISO
2.42

MIMOA MIMOB RSSI

2.44
3.22 -65dBm

Loc #2

2.43

2.43

3.23

Loc #3

2.16

2.42

Loc #4

2.43

Loc #5

2.32

Loc #6

SISO
2.19

-68dBm

Loc #7

2.15

2.43

2.15

3.24

-73dBm

Loc #8

2.43

2.44

2.43

2.16

-69dBm

Loc #9

2.44

2.43

3.25

-75dBm

Loc #10

2.35

~88 ft. distance from RAU #2

Loc #16

SISO
2.43

MIMOA MIMOB RSSI

2.43
3.26 -63dBm

-58dBm

Loc #17

2.43

2.43

2.15

-62dBm

4.56

-65dBm

Loc #18

2.43

2.43

4.36

-66dBm

2.43

4.83

-62dBm

Loc #19

2.43

2.43

3.62

-62dBm

2.43

4.85

-62dBm

Loc #20

2.43

2.43

3.12

-68dBm

~66 ft. distance from RAU #1

Throughput performance for RAU #2

Loc #1

MIMOA MIMOB RSSI

2.43
4.82 -55dBm

MIMOA MIMOB RSSI

2.43
4.83 -64dBm

Loc #11

SISO
2.43

MIMOA MIMOB RSSI

2.43
4.87 -62dBm

Loc #16

SISO
2.44

-68dBm

Loc #12

2.43

2.43

4.85

4.86

-60dBm

Loc #13

2.43

2.43

2.43

4.08

-67dBm

Loc #14

2.44

2.43

2.15

-71dBm

Loc #15

2.43

MIMOA MIMOB RSSI

2.43
4.86 -59dBm

-59dBm

Loc #17

2.44

2.43

4.86

-51dBm

4.85

-64dBm

Loc #18

2.43

2.43

4.86

-48dBm

2.43

4.84

-62dBm

Loc #19

2.43

2.44

4.86

-53dBm

2.43

3.35

-69dBm

Loc #20

2.44

2.43

4.20

-56dBm

~66 ft. distance from RAU #2

Throughput numbers in red indicate operation at a lower modulation-coding level than 64-QAM .
Varies from 16-QAM to 64-QAM
Averaged the throughput over the entire area for each antenna configuration
SISO:
2.41 Mbps
MIMO-A: 2.43 Mbps
MIMO-B: 4.17 Mbps (173% of SISO)

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Propagation Estimate
Estimated path loss using
Log-Distance model for RAU #2
Assumed transmit power of +2dBm
out of each antenna
RSSI in previous tables is for the
pre-amble. Need to subtract 4dB for
the data section
RSSI = -38.48 24.56*log10(d)

Dist (ft)
3.28
22
44
66
88

Min
-38.70
-65.00
-73.00
-75.00
-79.00

Max
-38.70
-52.00
-63.00
-64.00
-67.00

Avg
-38.70
-57.80
-67.20
-70.20
-73.60

Model
-38.48
-58.78
-66.17
-70.50
-73.56

Err
-0.22
0.98
-1.03
0.30
-0.04

Phase 2 Propagation

RSSI: received total wideband power

for data section of the carrier
d: distance in meters

-30.00

-40.00

Low cube heights: 4ft.

Ceiling height: 10ft.

Measured signal power variation on

the order of +/- 5dB

Data RSSI (dBm)

PLS of 24.56 is quite low

Recv sensitivity for 64-QAM in

5MHz is roughly -71dBm based
on early 802.16 specifications

Dist (m)
1.00
6.71
13.41
20.12
26.83

-50.00
y = -10.668Ln(x) - 38.477
-60.00

-70.00

-80.00
0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

Dist (m)

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15

MIMO Antenna Separation

MIMO antenna separation is important to achieve sufficient de-correlation between
MIMO paths
Angular spread of paths is of most importance

Minimum spacing
Literature in academia and industry recommend 3 to 7
In theory 1 should be sufficient but it depends on the environment
At 750MHz 1 = 0.40m (1.3ft)

LTE operator minimum antenna spacing design guidelines

Initially 7 9ft.; currently 2 to 3 2-7 to 3-11

ADC recommendation

4 to 6 where possible (roughly 5 to 8 spacing)

2 to 3 where necessary (absolute minimum)
7 used for initial WiMAX deployments; ADC internal WiMAX testing used 6
Cross polarized antennas currently being used for macro network deployment

Maximum spacing
Ideally larger spacing is better however need high SNR from both antennas
Need to consider propagation loss from each MIMO antenna as well as the RAU spacing when
looking at increasing antenna spacing

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TE/ADC DAS Systems and MIMO

Fusion architecture uniquely supports 2x2 MIMO
Functional decomposition of dualband signal paths are identical to MIMO signal paths
Two independent full duplex signal paths
Primary difference is that two antennas are used instead of one at the RAU
Fusion dualband RAU supports two bands at different RF frequencies typically through a single antenna
Fusion MIMO RAU supports two bands at the same RF frequency through two separate antennas

Fusion Dualband Block Diagram

FDD Duplexer &

Band Diplexer

Band 1 DL
Band 2 DL

Single Antenna
Band Diplexed

Band 1 UL
Band 2 UL
Optical Fiber

CATV Cable

Fusion MIMO Block Diagram

FDD Duplexer

MIMO 1 DL
MIMO 2 DL

2x2 MIMO
Antennas

MIMO 1 UL
MIMO 2 UL

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page 17 / 1/21/2013

IF Multiplexing & MIMO

2x2 MIMO signals

overlap at the same
RF frequencies

Intermediate Frequency (IF)

multiplexing separates
MIMO signals to different IF
frequencies

RF1

RF1

RF1

IF1

MIMO signals interfere with

each other for RF distribution
over coaxial cable

IF2

IF multiplexing transports 2x2 MIMO signals over a

single low bandwidth medium (CATV cabling)

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page 18 / 1/21/2013

Summary
TE has shipped MIMO DAS systems for the past 2 years
Both WiMAX and LTE; over 200 systems to date

Internal testing has validated that MIMO can double peak throughput relative
to SISO
Spatial multiplexing mode will double peak throughput
Spatial diversity mode improves signal quality; increases coverage area
Demonstrated 70% increase in average throughput over entire coverage area

1/21/2013

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19

Questions?

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