Profr. Joel A.

Garca Vargas
Facultad de Ingeniera

Ecuaciones Diferenciales
2013-2 Grupo 02

EJERCICIOS ADICIONALES DEL CAPTULO 4,

TRANSFORMADA DE LAPLACE PARTE 1

1. TRANSFORMADAS DE LAPLACE APLICANDO LA DEFINICIN

1)

f (t ) = t e at

{ }

( )

L t e at = e st t e at dt = t e t(s a) dt
0

Integrando por partes, se tiene que : + e - t(s -a)

t
1
0

{ }

L te
2)

at

e - t(s -a)
s-a

e - t(s -a)
(s - a) 2

t e t(s -a) e t(s -a)

t
1
1
= lim (
) = lim (
) =
:s > a
2
t(s - a)
2 t(s - a)
2

s-a
(s - a) 0 (s - a) e
(s - a) e
(s
a)
0

f (t ) = t sen at

L{t sen at} = e st (t sen at ) dt

0

Integrando por partes resulta que :

u = e -st ;

du = -s e.st dt

t cos at sen at
+ 2
a
a
integrando por partes t sen at
t
sen at
cos at
+ 1
a
sen at
0
- 2
a
dv = t sen at dt;

v=-

Por lo tanto, para la integral original, resulta que :

s st
t cos at sen at
+
+
L{t sen at} = e (t sen at ) dt = lim
e sen at dt
0

a e st
a 2 e at 0 a 2 0
s
s
a
s
s 1
s
e st t cos at dt = 2 2
e st t cos at dt =
e st t cos at dt
2
2
2
a 0
a 0
a s +a
a 0
a s +a
Integrando por partes una vez ms, se tiene que :

st

u = e -st ;

du = -s e.st dt
t sen at cos at
+ 2
dv = t cost at dt;
v=
a
a
integrando por partes t cos at
t
cos at
sen at
+
1
a
cos at
0
- 2
a

s
s
s 1
t sen at cos at
L{t sen at} =
- lim
+ 2 at + 2
2
2
st
a s + a a a e
a e 0 a

e st cos at dt +

s st
e
t
sen
at
dt

a 0

s s2
s 1
s
s 2 st
e t sen at dt
+

a s 2 + a 2 a 3 a 3 s 2 + a 2 a 2 0
s s2
s2
s 1
s
s a 2 + s3 + s a 2 s3
2 s a2
L{t sen at}(1 + 2 ) = 2
+

=
=
a s + a 2 a3 a 3 s2 + a 2
a
a 3 (s 2 + a 2 )
a 3 (s 2 + a 2 )
L{t sen at} =

L{t sen at} =

3)

2s
a2
2sa
;
= 2
2
2
2
2
a (s + a ) (s + a ) (s + a 2 ) 2

s>0

f (t ) = cosh at
e at + e at
;
2

e at + e at
1
dt = e t(s a) dt + e t(s + a) dt

0
2
2 0

Por definicin cosh at =

L{cosh at} = e st
0

1
1
1
1 1
1

=
+
L{cosh at} = lim (
st
st
2 (s a) e
(s + a) e 0 2 (s a) (s + a)
1 2s
s
L{cosh at} =
= 2
; s> a
2
2
2 s a
s a2
2. TRANSFORMADAS DE LAPLACE UTILIZANDO TEOREMAS
4)

f (t ) = 3 sen 2t + 6 cos 2t

L{3 sen 2t + 6 cos 2t} = L{sen 2t}+ L{cos 2t} =

5)

f (t ) = 4 t 2 6t + 3 e -4t

{}

6
6s
; s>0
+ 2
s +4 s +4

{ }

L 4t 2 6t + 3e 4t = 4 L t 2 6 L{t}+ 3 L e 4t =
6)

f (t ) = (t + 2 ) = t 3 + 6t 2 + 12 t + 8

3
8 6
;
- 2+
3
s+4
s s

} {}

{}

L t 3 + 6t 2 + 12t + 8 = L t 3 + 6 L t 2 + 12 L{t}+ 8 L{1} =

7)

s>0

f (t ) = 5 - 2 e 2t

s>0

= 25 20 e 2t + 4 e 4t

{ }

{ }

L 25 20e 2t + 4e 4t = 25 L{1} 20 L e 2t + 4 L e 4t =

6 12 12 8
+ + + ;
s 4 s3 s 2 s

25 20
4
;

+
s s2 s4

s>4

f (t ) = e t e t = e 5t 5 e 3t + 10 e t 10 e t + 5 e 3t e 5t
L{e 5t 5e 3t + 10e t 10e t + 5e 3t e 5t } = L{e 5t } 5L{e 3t }+ 10L{e t } 10L{e T }+ 5L{e 3t } L{e 5t }
1
5
10
10
5
1
L{e 5t 5e 3t + 10e t 10e t + 5e 3t e 5t } =
; s>5

s 5 s 3 s 1 s +1 s + 3 s + 5
9) f (t ) = 2 sen 3t sen 2t
f (t ) = 2 sen 3t sen 2t = cos t - cos 5t
s
s
; s>0
L{2 sen 3t sen 2t} = L{cos t} L{cos 5t} = 2
2
s + 1 s + 25
8)

3. TRANSFORMADAS DE LAPLACE (1er. TEOREMA DE TRASLACIN):

10)

f (t ) = e -3t cos 3t

} {

L e 3t cos 3t = L cos 3t
11)

s s + 3

f (t ) = 4e 2t sen 7 t

L 4e 2t sen 7 t = 4L sen 7 t

s s 2

s
s+3
s+3
; s>0
=
= 2
2
s + 3 s s + 3 (s + 3) + 3 s + 6s + 12
2

4 7
4 7
4 7
=
= 2
; s>0
2
2
s + 7 s s 2 (s 2 ) + 7 s 4s + 11

4. TRANSFORMADAS INVERSAS:

5
5
4s 5
1
1
2!
L1 3 = 4 L1 2 5 L1 3 = 4 t L1 3 = 4 t t 2 ; s > 0
2! s
2
s
s
s
2
5 1 2! 9 1 3!
5 2 3 3
1 12 s 5 s 9
1 1
L 3 L 4 = 12 t
t t ; s>0
13) L
= 12 L 2
4
2
2
s
s 2!
s 3! s

12)

14)

3
48
2s
3 1 2! 48 1 11
s
1
L1 3 + 5
L 3 +
L 5
2
=
2L 2

s 11 s 25 2!
11 s 11
s
s 25
s

 3
48
2s
3 2 48
L1 3 + 5
2
t +
senh 11 t 2 cosh 5t
=
s 11 s 25 2
11
s
2

1
4 1 28 1 1! 28 1 3! 7 1 5!
1 2
1 4
15) L 7 3 = L 7 2 4 + 6 =
L 2 L 4 + L 6
s
s 1!
s s
s 3! s 5! s
s
2

1
14
7 5
1 2
L 7 3 = 28 t t 3 +
t ; s>0
3
120
s s
3
2
(s + 1)3
3 3 1
1 s + 3s + 3s + 1
1 1
16) L
=
L

=L + 2 + 3 + 4
4
4
s
s s
s s

s
(s + 1)3
1 3 3 1
1
1 3
2! 1
3!
L1 4 = L1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = L1 + 3L1 2 + L1 3 + L1 4
s s
s s
s
s 2! s 3! s
s
1

(s + 1)3
3
1
L 4 = 1 + 3t + t 2 + t 3 ; s > 0
2
6
s
1

17)

3
s 1
s 1
1 1
4 6
2!
1
L1 3 +
+ 2 = 2L-1 3 - 6L-1 + 3L-1

+L
s s 2 s 1
s 2
s
s
s
(s 1)(s + 1)
3
s 1
4 6
L1 3 +
+ 2 = 2t 2 6 + 3e 2t + e t ; s > 2
s s 2 s 1
s

3s
5 1 1 1
s 5 1 8
1 1
1
18) L
L 2
+ 2
2

= L 1 + 3L 2
8
s 9
4s + 1 s 9 s + 8 4 s +
s + 8
4
3s
5
1 t/4
5
1
L1
sen 8 t
+ 2
2
= = e + 3cosh3 t
4
8
4s + 1 s 9 s + 8

6
4
1
6
4 1 1 1 1 3! 4 1 7
1
1
19) L1
+ 4 2
+ 4 2
L 2
=L
= L
+L 4

7
5s 2 s s 7
5s 2 s s 7 5 s 2
s
s 7
5
6
4 1 2t/5 3 4
1
senh 7 t
+ 4 2
+t
L1
= e
s 7 5
7
5s 2 s
20)

s 5 1 11
4s 5 5 1 7
5
1
L
2
L1 2
+

= L 2
4L 2
11 s 2 11
s + 49 s 11 7 s + 49
s 11
4s 5 5
5
5
2
L1 2
senh 11 t
= sen7 t 4cosh 11 t +
11
s + 49 s 11 7

10s
4
1
4
s
4
1
4!
4
1

1
1
1
1
+ 5+
21) L 2
= 10L 2
L 2
+ L 5 + L 2
s + 16 s 3s + 2
s + 16
s + 16 4! s 3 s +
3
4
1 4 4 2t/3
10s 4 1
L1 2
; s>0
+ 5+
= 10 cos 4t sen 4t + t + e
24
3
s + 16 s 3s + 2
22)

s 4 1 3
s +1
2s 4 4 s + 4
1
1
L1 2
+ 2

= 2L 2
L 2
+ 4L
s + 9 s 1
s + 9 3 s + 9
( s 1)( s + 1)
4
2s 4 4s + 4
t
+ 2
L1 2
= 2cos3t sen3t + 4e
3
s + 9 s 1

23)

; s>0

5
L1
Por fracciones parciales
(s 2 )(s 3)(s 6 )
a
a
a
5
= 1 + 2 + 3
(s 2)(s 3)(s 6) s 2 s 3 s 6
Opcin 1 : Formar el sistema de ecuaciones algebrico :

a 1 (s 3)(s 6 ) + a 2 (s 2 )(s 6 ) + a 3 (s 2 )(s 3) = 5

a 1 s 2 9s + 18 + a 2 s 2 8s + 12 + a 3 s 2 5s + 6 = 5
(a 1 + a 2 + a 3 )s 2 + (9a 1 8a 2 5a 3 )s + (18a 1 + 12a 2 + 6a 3 ) = 5
a1 + a 2 + a 3 = 0
9a 1 8a 2 5a 3 = 0
18a 1 + 12a 2 + 6a 3 = 5
1
1 0
1 0
1 1 1 0
1 1
1

9 8 5 0 0 1
4 0 0 1 4 0

0 0 12 5
0 6 12 5
18 12 6 5
5
5
5
a3 =
; a 2 = ; a1 =
12
3
4

5 1 1 5 1 1 5 1 1
5
L1
= L
L
+ L

(s 2 )(s 3)(s 6 ) 4 (s 2 ) 3 (s 3) 12 (s 6 )

5
5 2t 5 3t 5 6t
L1
; s>0
= e e + e
4
3
12
(s 2 )(s 3)(s 6 )

a
a
a
5
= 1 + 2 + 3
(s 2)(s 3)(s 6) s 2 s 3 s 6
Opcin 2 : Valuar en cada uno de los polos :
a 1 (s 3)(s 6 ) + a 2 (s 2 )(s 6 ) + a 3 (s 2 )(s 3) = 5
Para s = 2; a 1 (s 3)(s 6 ) = 5 a 1 =

5
4
5
Para s = 3; a 2 (s 2 )(s 6 ) = 5 a 2 =
3
5
para s = 6; a 3 (s 2 )(s 3) = 5 a 3 =
12
Por tanto:

5 1 1 5 1 1 5 1 1
5
L1
= L
L
+ L

(s 2 )(s 3)(s 6 ) 4 (s 2 ) 3 (s 3) 12 (s 6 )

5
5 2t 5 3t 5 6t
L1
; s>0
= e e + e
4
3
12
(s 2 )(s 3)(s 6 )
La opcin 2 para polos reales diferentes, es ms prctica.
24)

1
L1 2
=
s s + 4

Por fracciones parciales: (un polo es nulo y los otros dos son complejos)

a a s + a3
1
= 1 + 22
s
s +4
s s +4
Clculo de coeficientes :
(1)( s)
1
=
a1 = 2
s =0
4
s s +4

a 2 + a3 = (

s2 + 4
(1)( s 2 + 4)
a
)
1
s
s s2 + 4

s =1

s2 + 4
(1)( s 2 + 4)
a
)
1
s
s s2 + 4

1
1
= 1 5 =
4
4

1
1
= 1 (5) =
4
4
1
Es claro que
a 3 = 0 y que a 2 =
4
1 1 1 1 1 1 s 1 1
L1 2
; s>0
= L - L 2
= cos 2t
s s + 4 4 s 4 s + 4 4 4
a 2 + a3 = (

25)

s = 1

6
1
1
L1 2
=6L 2
Todos los polos son complejos, por tanto, la fraccin
2
2
s +1 s + 4
s +1 s + 4

)(

parcial se escribe como:

)(

a s + a4
a s+a
1
= 1 2 2 + 32
2
s +1 s + 4
s +1
s +4

)(

(a 1s + a 2 )(s + 4) + (a 3s + a 4 )(s 2 + 1) = 1
2

a 1s 3 + 4a 1s + a 2 s 2 + 4a 2 + a 3s 3 + a 3s + a 4 s 2 + a 4 = 1
(a 1 + a 3 )s 3 + (a 2 + a 4 ) s 2 + (4a 1 + a 3 )s + (4a 2 + a 4 ) = 1
a1 + a 3 = 0

(1)

a2 + a4 = 0

(2)

4a 1 + a 3 = 0

(3)

4a 2 + a 4 = 1

(4)

De (1) y (3), resulta que

a1 = a 3 = 0

1
1
De (2) y (4), se tiene que a 2 = ya 4 =
3
3
Por tan to

6
L1 2
2
s +1 s + 4

6
L1 2
2
s +1 s + 4

1
1
=6L 2
2

s +1 s + 4

= 2 sen t sen 2t

)(

)(

)(

6 1 1 6 1 2
= L 2 L 2

3 s + 1 6 s + 4

; s>0