Problem 2: Plate with a hole in tension

Problem description
A plate with a hole is subjected to tension as shown:
y
p = 25.0 N/mm2

Region to mesh

All lengths in mm.

Thickness = 1 mm
x

56

E = 7.0 104 N/mm2

n = 0.25

10

20

In this problem solution, we will demonstrate the following topics that have not been
presented in previous problems:
$ Defining a problem heading
$ Selecting master degrees of freedom
$ Entering a geometry point in a cylindrical coordinate system
$ Defining several geometry surfaces
$ Defining boundary conditions
$ Querying the graphics with the mouse
$ Generating elements onto geometry surfaces, ensuring compatibility
$ Displaying geometry point, line and surface numbers
$ Zooming into the graphics window
$ Plotting original and deformed meshes
$ Moving and resizing mesh plots with the mouse
$ Deleting unwanted text with the mouse
$ Plotting element vectors
$ Plotting stress bands

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Problem 2: Plate with a hole in tension

$ Graphing stresses along a line

$ Modifying a graph plot
We assume that you have worked through problem 1, or have equivalent experience with the
ADINA System.
Before you begin
Please refer to the Icon Locator Tables chapter of the Primer for the locations of all of the
AUI icons. Please refer to the Hints chapter of the Primer for useful hints.
This problem can be solved with the 900 nodes version of the ADINA System.
Invoking the AUI and choosing the finite element program
Invoke the AUI and choose ADINA Structures from the Program Module drop-down list.
Defining model control data
Problem heading: Choose ControlHeading, enter the heading Problem 2: Plate with a hole
in tension and click OK.
Plane for 2D elements: Choose ControlMiscellaneous Options, set the "2D Solid Elements
in" field to "XY-Plane, Y-Axisymmetric" and click OK.
Master degrees of freedom: Choose ControlDegrees of Freedom, uncheck the
Z-Translation, X-Rotation, Y-Rotation and Z-Rotation buttons and click OK. (We perform
this step because the two-dimensional solid elements that we will use only provide stiffness
for the x-translation and y-translation degrees of freedom. If you omit this step, the AUI will
delete the z-translation, x-rotation, y-rotation and z-rotation degrees of freedom for all the
nodes when you generate the ADINA data file. So this step is not necessary; ADINA will
give the same solution whether or not you perform this step. However, ADINA runs more
efficiently if you perform this step.)

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ADINA Primer

Problem 2: Plate with a hole in tension

Defining model geometry

Here is a diagram showing the key geometry used in defining this model:

y
L8

P2

S3

L9

P7

P3
L4
P4

S1
L1

P8

P1

P9 S2
L2
P5 L6 P6

Points: Click the Define Points icon

, enter the following information into the X1, X2
columns of the table (you can leave the X3 column blank), then click OK.
Point #
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

ADINA R & D, Inc.

X1
10
0
0
0
5
10
10
0

X2
28
28
10
5
0
0
10
0

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Problem 2: Plate with a hole in tension

We also need a point mid-way along the hole. The coordinates of this point are most
conveniently entered using a cylindrical coordinate system. Click the Coordinate Systems
icon
, add coordinate system 1 and set the Type to Cylindrical. Set the components of
Vector A to (0, 0, 1), the components of Vector B to (1, 0, 0) and click OK.
(Vector A gives the direction of the cylindrical axis, and vector B is used to determine the line
corresponding to zero angle , as shown in the following figure.)

y
r
Vector A
z

Then click the Define Points icon

Point #
9

X1
5

Vector B

(X1, X2)=(r, q)

, add an additional row to the table, enter

X2
45

X3
0

and click OK. The graphics window should look something like this:
TIME 1.000

Y
Z

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Problem 2: Plate with a hole in tension

Arc lines: Click the Define Lines icon

, add line 1, set the Type to Arc, set P1 to 4, P2 to
9, Center to 8 and click Save. Then add line 2, set P1 to 9, P2 to 5, Center to 8 and click OK.
The graphics window should look something like this:
TIME 1.000

Y
Z

Surfaces: Click the Define Surfaces icon

, add surface 1, make sure that the Type is set to
Vertex, define the following surfaces and click OK. (Click Add after defining surfaces 1 and
2.)
Surface Number
1
2
3

Point 1
7
7
1

Point 2
3
9
2

Point 3
4
5
3

Point 4
9
6
7

To display the geometry point, line and surface numbers, click the Point Labels icon
Line/Edge Labels icon
and Surface/Face Labels icon
look something like the figure on the next page.

ADINA R & D, Inc.

. The graphics window should

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Problem 2: Plate with a hole in tension

TIME 1.000

Y
L8

P2

L9

L3

P4 L1

S1

L10

S3

P3
L4

P1

P7
L5
L7
S2

P9
L2

P8

P5

L6

P6

Defining and applying boundary conditions

We need two boundary conditions for modeling symmetry. Click the Apply Fixity icon
and click the Define... button. In the Define Fixity dialog box, add fixity name YT, check the
Y-Translation button and click Save. Then add fixity name XT, check the X-Translation
button and click OK.
In the Apply Fixity dialog box, set the Apply to field to Lines. To set the fixity for line 4 to
XT, enter 4 in the first row and column of the table, then move the cursor to the first row,
second column, click to display the list, and choose XT from the drop-down list. In a similar
way, set the fixity for line 9 to XT and the fixity for line 6 to YT. Then click OK.
When you click the Boundary Plot icon
the top figure on the next page.

, the graphics window should look something like

Notice that line 6 is marked with a B. The table at the lower right of the graphics window
indicates that the U1 (x) degree of freedom is free and that the U2 (y) degree of freedom is
fixed. Similarly, lines 4 and 9 are marked with a C, and the table indicates that the U1 (x)
degree of freedom is fixed and that the U2 (y) degree of freedom is free.

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ADINA Primer

Problem 2: Plate with a hole in tension

TIME 1.000

Y
L8

P2

C L9

C L4

L3

P4 L1

S1

P7
L5
L7
S2

P9
L2

P8

L10

S3

P3

P1

P5 B L6

P6

B
C

U U
1 2
-

Defining and applying loads

Click the Apply Load icon
, set the Load Type to Pressure and click the Define... button
to the right of the Load Number field. In the Define Pressure dialog box, add pressure 1, set
the Magnitude to -25 and click OK. In the Apply Load dialog box, make sure that the Apply
to field is set to Line and, in the first row of the table, set the Line # to 8. Click OK to close
the Apply Load dialog box.
When you click the Load Plot icon
figure on the next page.

, the graphics window should look something like the

Defining the material

and click the Elastic Isotropic button. In the Define
Click the Manage Materials icon
Isotropic Linear Elastic Material dialog box, add material 1, set the Young=s Modulus to 7E4,
the Poisson=s ratio to 0.25 and click OK. Click Close to close the Manage Material
Definitions dialog box.

ADINA R & D, Inc.

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Problem 2: Plate with a hole in tension

Y

TIME 1.000
L8

P2

P1

PRESCRIBED
PRESSURE
TIME 1.000
C L9

L3

P3
C L4
P4 L1

L10

S3

S1

25.00

P7
L5
L7
S2

P9
L2

P8

P5 B L6

P6

B
C

U U
1 2
-

Defining the elements

Element group: Click the Define Element Groups icon
, add group number 1, set the Type
to 2-D Solid, set the Element Sub-Type to Plane Stress and click OK.
Subdivision data: In this mesh, we will assign a uniform point size to all points and have the
AUI automatically compute the subdivisions. Choose MeshingMesh Density
Complete Model, make sure that the Subdivision Mode is set to Use End-Point Sizes and
click OK. Now choose MeshingMesh DensityPoint Size, set the Points Defined from
field to All Geometry Points, set the Maximum to 2 and click OK.
The graphics window should look something like the top figure on the next page.
, enter 1, 2, 3 in the first three rows of
Element generation: Click the Mesh Surfaces icon
the Surface # table and click OK. The graphics window should look something like the
bottom figure on the next page.

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ADINA Primer

Problem 2: Plate with a hole in tension

TIME 1.000
P2

P1

L8

PRESCRIBED
PRESSURE
TIME 1.000
C L9

P3
C L4
P4 L1

L10

S3

P7

L3
S1

25.00

L5
L7
S2

P9
L2

P5 B L6

P8

B
C

P6

U U
1 2
-

TIME 1.000
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C

L8

P2

P1

PRESCRIBED
PRESSURE
TIME 1.000
L9

P3
L4
P4 L1

P8

L10

S3

P7

L3
S1

25.00

L5
L7

P9

S2

L2
BBBBBBB
P5 B L6
P6

B
C

U U
1 2
-

The mesh does not look very pleasing near the hole. We will remesh near the hole, adding
more elements. Click the Delete Mesh icon
enter 1, 2 in the Surface # table and click OK.

ADINA R & D, Inc.

, set the Delete Mesh from field to Surface,

2-9

Problem 2: Plate with a hole in tension

The graphics window should look something like this:

Y

TIME 1.000
C
C P2
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C L9
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
P3

L8

P1

PRESCRIBED
PRESSURE
TIME 1.000
L10

S3

L3
S1

C L4
P4 L1

25.00

P7
L5
L7
S2

P9
L2

P5 B L6

P8

P6

B
C

U U
1 2
-

Now we decrease the point size of the points on the hole. Choose MeshingMesh Density
Point Size, and, in the table, enter 1.0 for the Mesh Size for points 4, 5, 9 and click OK. The
graphics window should look something like this:
TIME 1.000

Y
C
C P2
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C L9
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
P3

L10

S3

P7

L3
S1
L1

25.00

L5
L7
S2

P9
L2

P8

2-10

PRESCRIBED
PRESSURE
TIME 1.000

C L4
P4

P1

L8

P5 B L6

P6

B
C

U U
1 2
-

ADINA Primer

Problem 2: Plate with a hole in tension

Now we generate the elements onto surfaces 1 and 2. Click the Mesh Surfaces icon
,
enter 1, 2 in the first two rows of the Surface # table and click OK. The graphics window
should look something like this:
Y

TIME 1.000
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C

P2

P1

L8

PRESCRIBED
PRESSURE
TIME 1.000
L9

P3
S1

P8

L1

25.00

P7

L3

L4
P4

L10

S3

L5
L7

P9

S2

L2
BBBBB B B B B
P5 B L6
P6

B
C

U U
1 2
-

Generating the ADINA data file, running ADINA, loading the porthole file
First click the Save icon

and save the database to file prob02. To generate the ADINA

data file and run ADINA, click the Data File/Solution icon
, set the file name to prob02,
make sure that the Run Solution button is checked and click Save. When ADINA is finished,
close all open dialog boxes. Choose Post-Processing from the Program Module drop-down
, set the File type field to
list and discard all changes. Then click the Open icon
ADINA-IN Database Files (*.idb), choose file prob02 and click Open. Then click the Open
icon

and open porthole file prob02.

Please notice that we first opened the ADINA-IN database, then loaded the porthole file. We
did this so that we can create a graph of the stresses along a geometry line later on.
The graphics window should look something like the figure on the next page. Notice that the
geometry and the deformed mesh are displayed.

ADINA R & D, Inc.

2-11

Problem 2: Plate with a hole in tension

Y

TIME 1.000
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C

L8

P2

P1

PRESCRIBED
PRESSURE
L9

P4 L1

P8

S1

P9

TIME 1.000
25.00

L3

P3
L4

L10

S3

P7
L5
S2

L7

L2
BBBBBBB B B
P5B L6 P6

B
C

U U
1 2
-

Examining the solution

Original and deformed meshes: Click the Show Original Mesh icon
Displacements icon

and the Scale

We will plot this mesh along with other mesh plots showing the solution. To make room for
the other mesh plots, we need to shrink this mesh using the mouse and move it to the left, so
that we obtain the picture shown at the top of the next page.
Here are detailed instructions for resizing and moving the mesh plot. To shift the mesh plot,
click the Pick icon
and the Dynamic Pan
icon, then click on one of the lines of the
mesh plot. A bounding box appears around the mesh plot; this bounding box indicates the
mesh plot is highlighted. Now hold down the left mouse button and move the cursor. The
mesh plot moves along with the mouse cursor. When the mesh plot is in the proper position,
,
release the left mouse button. To resize the mesh plot, click the Dynamic Resize icon
hold down the left mouse button and move the mouse diagonally up and to the right to enlarge
the mesh plot and move the mouse diagonally down and to the left to shrink the mesh plot.
The mesh plot dynamically resizes as you move the mouse. When the mesh plot is the proper
size, release the left mouse button. To unhighlight the mesh plot, move the cursor onto empty
space within the graphics window and click the left mouse button.
Move and resize the boundary condition table and the load legend in the same way.

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ADINA Primer

Problem 2: Plate with a hole in tension

DISP MAG 243.1

TIME 1.000

Y
Z

C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C

P2

L8

P1

PRESCRIBED
PRESSURE
TIME 1.000
25.00

L9

S3

L10

P3
P7
L3
L4 S1 L5
L7
P4L1
P9 S2
BBBB
BBB
BB
L2
P8 B
P5 L6 P6
B
C

U U
1 2
-

Stress band plot: To display another mesh plot, click the Mesh Plot icon
. Use the mouse
to move and resize the new mesh plot to the right of the first mesh plot. This time, to resize
the mesh, make sure that the Dynamic Pan icon
the mouse while holding down the Ctrl key.

is pressed, pick the mesh plot, then drag

At this point, there are two sets of axes and two sets of TIME 1.000 texts displayed. To
is pressed, then move the cursor onto
remove unwanted text, make sure that the Pick icon
the text and click the left mouse button. The text becomes highlighted. Then press the Del or
Delete button on the keyboard to erase the text. Remove both sets of axes, both sets of
TIME 1.000 texts and the DISP MAG text in the same way.
Now click the Create Band Plot icon
, set the Band Plot Variable to (Stress: STRESS-YY)
and click OK. Move the band plot legends until the graphics window looks something like
the top figure on the next page.
. Use the
Stress vector plot: To display another mesh plot, click the Mesh Plot icon
mouse to resize and move the new mesh plot to the right of the previous mesh plot. Remove
the new axes and the new TIME 1.000 text.
. Move the vector plot legend until the graphics
Now click the Quick Vector Plot icon
window looks something like the bottom figure on the next page.

ADINA R & D, Inc.

2-13

Problem 2: Plate with a hole in tension

Y

TIME 1.000
DISP MAG 243.1
PRESCRIBED
PRESSURE

25.00

P2

L8

L9

S3 L10

P1

P3 L3 P7
L4 S1 L5
P4L1
L7
P9 S2
BBBBB
BBB
B
L2
P8 BP5L6 P6
B
C

STRESS-YY
RST CALC
TIME 1.000
104.0
88.0
72.0
56.0
40.0
24.0
8.0

U U
1 2
-

TIME 1.000
DISP MAG 243.1
PRESCRIBED
PRESSURE

25.00

B
C

2-14

P2

L8

P1

STRESS-YY
RST CALC
TIME 1.000

L9

MAXIMUM
108.8
EG 1, EL 122, IPT 11 (103.2)
MINIMUM
-4.358
EG 1, EL 102, IPT 11 (-2.610)

TIME 1.000

C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C

MAXIMUM
108.8
EG 1, EL 122, IPT 11 (103.2)
MINIMUM
-4.358
EG 1, EL 102, IPT 11 (-2.610)

TIME 1.000

C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C

S3 L10

P3 L3 P7
L4 S1 L5
P4L1
L7
P9 S2
BBBBB
BBB
B
L2
P8 BP5L6 P6

104.0
88.0
72.0
56.0
40.0
24.0
8.0

STRESS
RST CALC
TIME 1.000
+ -

96.54

81.00
63.00
45.00
27.00
9.00
-9.00
-27.00

U U
1 2
-

ADINA Primer

Problem 2: Plate with a hole in tension

Nodes and elements near the hole:

We will view the node numbers in the mesh near the hole. Click the Clear icon
click the Node Labels icon

, then

Since there are so many nodes, we have to zoom in to see them. Click the Zoom icon
,
move the cursor to a point near the top of the hole, press and hold the left mouse button, drag
the cursor down and to the right so that the rubber-band box encloses the mesh region near the
hole and release the left mouse button. The graphics window should look something like this:
370

429

396
371
397

393

428

392

461

463
440 441

462

412

385

454

434

411

384

455 420

427

386

414
410

433

432
453 416
387

452

415

383

409

444

388

418

443

419
406

381
511

407
535

382
510

534

499

481

543
508
380
459 422
536
372 436 394
447
437
405
480 545
389 439 390
524
398 456 435
501
426
457
438460423
379
505
507
421
373 399 374
525
446
539
458 391
400
404
476
375
425
518
544
401 424
479
514
542
376 445 378 538
483
502
402 403 517
506 519
515
377 537
551
523
484 552
531
488 516
477
554 485
530
512
464
550
541
482
489
503
513
533 520
547
555
465
529
522
549
478 532
490
486
526
487
527
466
540
504 553 521
528 546
491548
467492468 493 469 494 470

475

509

495

474

498

473

497

472

496

471

To learn the current coordinates of node 467, click the Query icon
, move the cursor onto
the label of node 467 and click the left mouse button. The AUI writes a message such as
Node 467, curr=( 4.99614E+00, 0.00000E+00, 0.00000E+00) into the message window and
into the status bar at the bottom of the control window. For more information about node 467,
press the space bar. The AUI writes more information into the message window, including
the element that is attached to node 467. (To display the message window, choose
ViewMessage Window.)
To learn the numbers of the elements near the hole, move the cursor onto one of the elements
and click the left mouse button. The AUI writes a message such as Element group 1,
element 122, side 1 into the message window and into the status bar at the bottom of the
control window. Repeatedly click the left mouse button to cycle through all of the graphics

ADINA R & D, Inc.

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Problem 2: Plate with a hole in tension

objects that can be queried at the cursor location. For more information about a graphics
object, press the space bar.
Now surround some of the graphics using a marquee box. The AUI highlights the selected
graphics and writes messages for each graphics object (you may need to display the message
window and use the vertical scrollbar in the message window to see all of the messages).
Graph of stresses on the horizontal symmetry line: Now we will graph the stresses on the
horizontal symmetry line. To do this, we create a node line, which lists the nodes on the
horizontal symmetry line.
Choose DefinitionsModel LineGeneral, add line SYMMETRY, enter the text
LINE 6 (you don=t need to enter the quotes) into the first row and column of the table and
click OK. The AUI writes the message 9 nodes in gnline to the message window and to the
bottom of the AUI control window.
Please note, the above step is possible only if you open the ADINA-IN database before
loading the porthole file. This is because the geometry information comes from the ADINAIN database.
and choose GraphResponse Curve (Model Line). Verify that
Now click the Clear icon
the Model Line Name is SYMMETRY, make sure that the X Variable is set to (Coordinate:
DISTANCE), set the Y Variable to (Stress:STRESS-YY), set the Y Smoothing Technique to
AVERAGED and click Apply. The graphics window should look something like this:

LINE GRAPH

110.

Line SYMMETRY
100.
90.

STRESS-YY

80.
70.
60.
50.
40.
30.
20.
10.

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

DISTANCE

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ADINA Primer

Problem 2: Plate with a hole in tension

Let's add another stress component to the same graph. In the Display Response Curve (Model
Line) dialog box, verify that the Line Name is SYMMETRY, make sure that the X Variable is
set to (Coordinate:DISTANCE), set the Y Variable to (Stress:STRESS-XX) and make sure
that the Y Smoothing Technique is set to AVERAGED. Also make sure that the Plot Name in
the Graph Attributes box is set to PREVIOUS. Then click OK. The graphics window should
look something like this:
LINE GRAPH

120.

Line SYMMETRY
Line SYMMETRY

100.

STRESS-YY

80.

60.

40.

20.

0.

-20.

0.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

DISTANCE

Now we will customize the graph title, axes and curves. Choose GraphModify.
Title: Click the P button, move the cursor to the graph box and click to highlight it. Then
click the ... button to the right of the Graph Depiction field. In the Title Attributes box, set the
Type to Custom, enter Stresses on horizontal symmetry line in the Graph Title table (you
don't need to enter the quotes) and click OK. Click Apply to see the updated title.
Use the Pick icon

and the mouse to center the title.

Axes: Set the Action to Modify the Axis Depiction. Click the P button, move the cursor to
one of the numbers on the Y axis and click to highlight the Y axis. Then click the button
to the right of the Axis Depiction field. In the Label Attributes box, set the Type to Custom,
enter Stress (N/mm**2) in the Label table and click OK. Click Apply to see the updated
axis.
Curves: Set the Action to Modify the Curve Depiction. Click the P button, move the cursor
to the upper curve and click to highlight it. Then click the ... button to the right of the Curve

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Problem 2: Plate with a hole in tension

Depiction field. Click the Legend tab, then, in the Legend Attributes box, set the Type to
Custom, enter Stress-yy in the Legend table and click OK. Click Apply to see the updated
curve and legend.
In a similar way, change the legend for the lower curve to Stress-xx. The graphics window
should look something like this:
Stresses on horizontal symmetry line

120.

Stress-yy
Stress-xx

100.

Stress (N/mm**2)

80.

60.

40.

20.

0.

-20.

0.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

DISTANCE

Numerical values: Choose GraphList. The value of STRESS-YY at distance 0.0 should be
1.08832E+02 (N/mm2). Click Close to close the dialog box.
Exiting the AUI: Choose FileExit to exit the AUI. You can discard all changes.

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ADINA Primer