PWM direct transmission through RF for motor speed and

direction controlling
Syed Ahsan Ali(1)

Umar Farooq(2) and Muhammad Ihtesham Adil(3)

Department of Electrical Engineering

Sharif college of engineering and technology raiwind road
Lahore.

Department of Electrical Engineering

Sharif college of engineering and technology raiwind road
Lahore.
ch.umarfarooq94@gmail.com(2)
ihtesham.adil@sharif.edu.pk(3)

ahsan_zanjani@hotmail.com(1)
Abstract - In this paper we are controlling the speed of DC Motor
wirelessly through PWM technique through an 8051
microcontroller. The microcontroller is controlling the speed and
changing direction of motor according to the instruction given by
the user. At transmitter side PWM is generated from
microcontroller with variable duty cycle at different frequencies
and send it through RF directly and a microcontroller at receiver
side will decode the pulses and control the speed of DC motor.
Keyword - RF, PWM, Motor Speed Control, Wirelessly Motor
Control

I. INTRODUCTION
In this paper we are using DC motor instead of others
because these motors are playing competent role in the
industries. These are widely used in industries due to its low
cost, less complex control structure and wide range of speed
and torque. Besides these motors are providing high starting
torque which is required for traction applications. DC motors
are used in portable machine tools supplied from batteries, in
automotive vehicles as starter motors, blower motors, and in
many control applications as actuators and as speed and
position sensing devices. In this paper we are basically
controlling the speed of motor. There are mainly three
methods to control the speed of motor namely field control
method, armature voltage control method and armature
resistance control method. In general, armature voltage control
method is widely used to control the DC drives. The technique
which we are using in this paper to control the speed of motor
is pulse width modulation(PWM).In this paper the source of
PWM is through microcontroller which is not connected
directly to the motor because the starting current of motor is
much high so microcontroller can be damaged. To avoid this
we are using optocoupler between microcontroller and motor
for protection .To control the direction of DC motor we are
using the H-bridge. In this paper we are using RF system
which gives signal to microcontroller to control the direction
and speed of motor.
Joshi et al. explained Speed Control of DC motor Using
Analog PWM technique which eased the use of Dc motor
movement used in many applications [1]. Sandhya et al.
explained
Industrial Automation through RF Base Multi
Channel Wireless Remote Controller which helps in
controlling the speed and direction of DC and A.C motors in

bidirectional [2]. Roslin et al. explained the Brushless DC

Motor Control Using Digital PWM Techniques which reduces
the complexity of motor control hardware as well as increases
the efficiency and reliability.[3] Hemanand et al. explained
the Speed Control of Brushless DC Motor Drive Employing
Hard Chopping PWM Technique Using DSP which helps in
controlling the speed of DC motor.[4] Abdelhamid explained
the Performance of Single-phase DC Drive System Controlled
by Uniform P WM Full Bridge DC-DC Converter which gives
fast response to control the DC motor.[5]
In this work speed of dc motor has been controlled
through PWM technique through microcontroller. System has
been designed using RF transmitter, RF receiver,
microcontroller, optocoupler voltage regulator, LCD and12V
battery. All components are easily available in the market. The
system which has been designed is highly accurate and
efficient.
II. System Design
A. RF System
RF (300-440MHz) system is use as wireless system, its
use only for given the instruction to microcontroller.
This system consists of switches which gives signals to
encoder i.e. PT2262 that encodes the signal and given it to RF
transmitter module which transmits the signal to surrounding
as shown in Fig 1. To receive this signal we are using the RF
receiver Module which gives signal to decoder i.e. PT2272. It
decodes the signal and does certain pin high according to the
signal as shown in Fig.2
B. MICROCONTROLLER
We are using 89C51 programmable microcontroller chip,
which has been burned with program. It works according to
this program. It takes instruction from decoder and gives
response according it as shown in Fig 2.
C. Optocoupler
It has been used for insulation purpose between
microcontrollers and motors on industrial level because
starting current of motor is much high and due to high current
our microcontroller will be damaged. Because of this we are
using optocoupler 4N35.

D. H-BRIDGE
The L293D H-Bridge has been used to control the
direction of dc motor.L293D is high-current drivers. The
L293D is designed to provide bidirectional drive currents of
up to 1 A and works at voltages from 4.5V to 36Vas shown in
Fig.2

Switches

Fig. 3 PWM signal with 90% duty cycle

RF
Transmitter

RF
Encoder

Module

Fig. 1
LCD

Fig.4 PWM signal with 50% duty cycle

RF Receiver
Module

DC
Motor

RF
Decoder

Microcontroller

H-Bridge

Optocoupler

Fig.2

III. Calculation for PWM

This calculation only for 10 kHz frequency
(it is according to motor).
Fig.5 PWM signal with 10 % duty cycle

IV. Calculation of Power:

50 time on and 50 time off a timer then cerate 10 kHz
frequency we are use timer zero and mode 2 (auto reload) of
microcontroller .
According to this calculation we burned program in to the
microcontroller and the output of this is examined by the
oscilloscope of proteus. In this paper we changed the speed of
motor with 10% duty cycle. We are showing the three state of
duty cycle. Fig.3 is shown 90% duty cycle which is the
maximum power given to the motor and the motor will rotate
at maximum speed .while Fig.4 is showing 50% duty cycle
given to motor but during this duty cycle motor will rotate half
of its full speed whereas minimum speed of motor will be at
10% duty cycle as shown in Fig 5.

This technique can help to determine the roll off point as

far as power efficiency is concerned. However, when we work
out the power dissipation in our motor and speed controller,
for the DC case:
P = E I, or Watts = Voltage X Current.
If either voltage or current is near zero then power will be near
zero. PWM takes full advantage of these fact. Most square
waves are 50%, this is the norm when discussing them, but
they don't have to be symmetrical. The ON time can be varied
completely between signal being off to being fully on, 0% to
100%, and all ranges between.

V. Circuit Design
In PWM direct transmission through RF for motor speed and
direction controlling we are using RF transmitter which
transmits the signals and with the help of RF receiver the
signal is received
then this signal will send to the
microcontroller. It will work according to the burned program.
The pins P3.0 and P3.1 are for direction control either it will
be in clockwise or in anticlockwise direction according to the
pin. Whereas the pin P3.2 and P3.3 are used for speed control,
at start duty cycle of motor is 10% as we will press pin P3.3
10% duty cycle will be increased. While for decreasing the
10% duty cycle pin P3.2 will be used. Same as we can increase
or decrease the speed of DC motor and the range of duty cycle
is 10% to 90%.To stop the motor we have used pin P3.4.For
insulation purpose between microcontroller and motor we have
used optocoupler .H-bridge has also been used for controlling
the direction of dc motor. We have used LCD to show the
frequency and ON duty cycle of motor. All above described
work has been shown in Fig.6 except the RF transmitter and
receiver because encoder and decoder IC were not present in
proteus.

to show the frequency and ON duty cycle of motor. Our

complete hardware has been shown in Fig.7.
VII. Conclusion
In this work low cost PWM direct transmission through RF for
motor speed and direction controlling has been used which is
highly efficient and accurate. The designed system is
controlling the speed and direction of DC motor wiressely.
This designed system can be used at small level as well as on
industrial level with high accuracy in output. The components
which have been used in this paper are easily available in
market.

Fig.7 Hardware Design

Fig.6 circuit diagram

VI. Hardware Design
TO develop the PWM direct transmission through RF for
motor speed and direction controlling we are using 7805
voltage regulator for providing 5v dc voltage to the
microcontroller and RF receiver module whereas 12V dc
voltage are given to the H-Bridge L293D for motor. We are
using RF transmitter module with encoder IC PT 2262 which
transmits the signals and then using decoder PT 2272 signal
is received then this signal will send to the 89C51
microcontroller according to the burned program. For
insulation purpose between microcontroller and motor we have
used optocoupler .H-bridge L293D has also been used for
controlling the direction of dc motor. We have used LCD 16x2

REFERENCES
[1] Nandkishor P. Joshi, Ajay P. Thakare Speed
Control
of DC Motor Using Analog PWM Technique
International Journal of Engineering Research &
Technology (IJERT) Vol. 1 Issue 9, November- 2012
ISSN: 2278-0181.
[2] Miss Sandhya H. Choudhari and Mr. Sunil K. khode
Industrial Automation Through RF Base Multi Channel
Wireless Remote Controller International Journal of
Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) Vol. 1 Issue
6, August - 2012 ISSN: 2278-0181.
[3] Alphonsa Roslin Paul and Prof. Mary George Brushless
DC Motor Control Using Digital PWM Techniques
International Conference on Signal Processing,

Communication,
Computing
and
Networking
Technologies (ICSCCN 2011) .
[4] T. Hemanand and T. Rajesh Speed Control of Brushless
DC Motor Drive Employing
Hard Chopping PWM Technique Using DSP
Proceedings of India International Conference on Power
Electronics 2006.
[5] Tameer H. Abdelhamid Performance of Single-phase DC
Drive System Controlled by Uniform P WM Full Bridge
DC-DC Converter 10* Mediterranean Electrotechnical
Conference, MEleCon 2000, Vol. III