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FUNCTIONAL CYSTS

Arise from ovarian follicles that become abnormally cystic


during their development.
Most common in women in the reproductive age group.
Clinically:
1. Are usually asymptomatic
2. Present as palpable abdominal mass
3. Rarely cause sudden abdominal pain due to torsion
of the ovary or rupture of the cyst into the
peritoneal cavity

Foliicular Cysts
Common cysts
Single / multiple
Usually exceed 2cm
diameter
Origininate in
unruptured GF or in
follicles that have
ruptured and
immediately sealed
Multiple cysts may
increase production of
estrogen leading to
hyperestrinism
endometrial
hyperplasia

Luteal Cysts
Normally present in ovaries,
lined by luteal cells
Due to immediate sealing of
corpus hemorrhagicum
May rupture, producing
internal hemorrhage + acute
abdomen

ENDOMETROITIC CYSTS (CHOCOLATE)


Due to endometriosis of ovary
Because of repeated hemorrhage which
occurs every month, blood accumulate
and forms a cyst
The cyst is brown in colour when the
blood ages
May rupture intra-abdominal
hemorrhage OR undergo organization +
fibrosis and adhesions of ovary to
neighbouring structures

POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYD


INCIDENCE : lesion affects 3-6% of women at their
productive age
PATHOGENESIS: exact cause is unclear, lesion might
be related to defect in hypothalamic control of
pituitary secretion
MORPHOLOGY :
GROSS
o Enlarged ovaries
o Cut section reveals
subcortical cysts
0.5cm-1.5cm

MICRO
o Cyst wall lined by
granulosa-theca cells +
hyperplasia of luteinized
theca-interna cells
o Absence of corpora lutea is
a distinctive feat

CLINICAL FEAT
produce
1. Oligomenorrhea / amenorrhea
2. Hirsutism
3. Obesity
4. Infertility in young women

CYSTS OF OVARY
Neoplastic Cysts

Non-neoplastic Cysts

Functional
Cysts

Follicular
Cysts

Endometroitic
Cysts
Luteal Cysts

Polycystic
Ovarian Syd

Demoid Cyst

Serous cystadenoma
and cystadecarcinoma

Mucinous cystadenoma
and cystcarcinoma
Serous and Mucionous
tumours of low malignant
potential

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