1. What is the difference between a hub and a switch?

cand unul dintre calculatoare trimite un pachet de date prin reteaua legata
printr-un hub, toate celelalte calculatoare primesc acel pachet de date, si-l va
'citi' doar cel caruia i este destinat pachetul; Switchul e putzin deshtept si
trimite pachetul de date doar la calculatorul destinatie; Deci switch-ul e mai
deshtept, cred ca si un pik mai rapid pentru ca e mai 'curata' astfel reteaua,
dar si un pik mai scump; routerul priemste o conexiune internet si o imparte
mai multor calculatoare;

2. What is a network?
A network is a group of two or more computer systems linked together.
3. What is Active Directory
Active Directory (AD) is a directory service implemented by Microsoft for
Windows domain networks. It is included in most Windows Server operating
systems.

An AD domain controller authenticates and authorizes all users and

computers in a Windows domain type networkassigning and enforcing
security policies for all computers and installing or updating software. For
example, when a user logs into a computer that is part of a Windows domain,
Active Directory checks the submitted password and determines whether the
user is a system administrator or normal user
Active Directory este o implementare a serviciilor de directoare LDAP, folosit
de Microsoft n cadrul sistemelor de operare Windows.
Active Directory (AD) - este o ierarhie de cteva obiecte, unde obiectele se
mpart n trei categorii: resurse (ex: imprimant), servicii (ex: pota
electronic), resurse umane (ex: utilizatori, grupe de utilizatori). Scopul
tehnologiei "Active Directory" este de a pune la dispoziie informaii despre
aceste obiecte, organizarea obiectelor, controlul accesului, setarea securitii.

4. What is TCP/IP and what does it stand for?

TCP is for communication between applications.
IP is for communication between computers.
TCP/IP

TCP/IP is TCP and IP working together.

TCP takes care of the communication between your application software (i.e.
your browser) and your network software.
IP takes care of the communication with other computers.

5. What is a default gateway?

Default Gateway is a router that serves as an access point to another
network
In computer networking, a gateway is a node (a router) on a TCP/IP network
that serves as an access point to another network. A default gateway is the
node on the computer network that the network software uses when an IP
address does not match any other routes in the routing table.
in cmd-route PRINT-pt avea informati sul device gateway
6. What does DHCP stand for?
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a protocol used by networked
devices (clients) to obtain various parameters necessary for the clients to
operate in an Internet Protocol (IP) network."
7. What is an IP Address?
An IP address is an Internet Protocol address. It is used to identify all the
different computers and websites on the internet. Each IP address is unique.
It is what enables you to do things like send a message in a chat program to
another computer, and out of all the millions of computers in the world, it
arrives at the correct one.Google.com is 216.239.59.147

8. What is the significance of the IP address 255.255.255.255?

9. What are the 3 major classes of an IP network?
asa

Primul octet n binar

Observaii

Prima adres

Ultima adres

A
0xxxxxxx
0.0.0.1
127.255.255.255
reea i 24 pentru staia de lucru

folosete 8 bii pentru

B
10xxxxxx
128.0.0.0
reea i 16 pentru staie

folosete 16 bii pentru

191.255.255.255

C
110xxxxx
192.0.0.0
reea i 8 pentru staie

223.255.255.255

folosete 24 bii pentru

D
1110xxxx
de tip multicast

224.0.0.0

239.255.255.255

folosit pentru adresarea

E
11110xxx
experimentale

240.0.0.0

255.255.255.255

utilizat n scopuri

10. What is a Class D IP address?

11. What is OSPF?
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a link-state routing protocol for Internet
Protocol (IP) networks. It uses a link state routing algorithm and falls into the
group of interior routing protocols, operating within a single autonomous
system (AS). It is defined as OSPF Version 2 in RFC 2328 (1998) for IPv4.[1]
The updates for IPv6 are specified as OSPF Version 3 in RFC 5340 (2008).[2]
12. ce e o adrasa MAC?
A media access control address (MAC address) is a unique identifier assigned
to network interfaces for communications on the physical network segment

DNS Domain Name System translates names into an IP addresses

HTML Hyper Text Markup Language for web pages
HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol is a communication protocol that
transfers information on the World Wide Web
ub a device for connecting multiple twisted pair or fiber optic Ethernet
devices together, making them act as a single network segment

Internet is a worldwide, public series of interconnected computer networks

that transmit data using Internet Protocol

Intranet is a private computer network that uses Internet Protocol to

securely share part of an organizations information or operations with its
employees

IP Address is a unique address that certain electronic devices such as

computers use in order to communicate with each other on a computer
network

IP Telephony Voice over Internet Protocol optimized for the transmission of

Voice through the Internet

LAN Local Area Network is a computer network covering a small

geographic area (home, office, building)

MAC Media Access Control address, also known as hardware address is a

unique identifier attached to Network Interface Cards

RAM Random Access Memory is a type of computer data storage where the
information is lost after the power is switched off

Multicast is where you simultaneously transmit a message to a group of

computers on a network

OS Operating System is the software that manages the resources of a

computer

OSI Model Open System Interconnection Basic Reference Model is a layered,

abstract description for communications and computer network protocol
design; its 7 layers are: Physical Layer, Data Link Layer, Network Layer,
Transport Layer, Session Layer, Presentation Layer, and Application Layer

Protocol is a set of rules that controls connection, communication, and data

transfer between two computing endpoints
Repeater is a device that retransmits a signal at a higher level or power

RJ-45 Registered Jack is a standardized physical interface for connecting

computer networking equipment
Routers a device that controls data packets forwarding between different
networks
Routing is a process of moving data packets from source to destination
Server is an application or a device that performs services for connected
client
Switch is a device that connects network segments
TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol is a set of
communications protocols that implement the protocol stack on which the
Internet runs
Telnet it stands for Telecommunication Network; It is a network protocol
used in Internet and LAN connections
Unicast is where you transmit a message to a single computer on a network
VPN Virtual Private Network is a communications network tunnel through
another network, dedicated for a specific network
WAN Wide Area Network is a computer network that covers a broad area