CHAPTER II Procedure In Abstract Writing

Efficient and effective literature seaching is a necessity for the professional. To keep up with what is
being published and follow the hyperpoduction of literature he is led to rely on the abstract as a short,
concise, complete and accurate source of information.
Due to articles and papers mainly written in English, it has become the lingua franca for all
professionals. A professional must also activate his knowledge of writing.
The background knowledge may be differentiated as content schemata and formal schemata. Content
schemata refer to the background knowledge of the content and the formal schemata to its organization.
The logic of abstract writing largely depends on the logic of the article or paper itself, but too little
information always hinders effective comprehension of an abstract.
While writing, we must extract only the essential information and disregard details which do not
contribute to it.
At a paragraph level, the abstract can even be reduced to one key sentence or one key word.
Abstracts must be short, and the information must be concise and to the point. The sentences
representing the macrostructures should be mutually linked by cohesion. The structure of the abstract
should be based on the logical sequence of information items in the source text.
CHAPTER IV Keywords of an abstract as source of data...
At the present quick development of science, key words serve as the basis for storage and retrieval of
scientific knowledge in science. According to ANSI and ISO standards, in documentation there are two
terms abstract and summary. Abstract is a shortened, exact presentation of the content of a
document, without additional interpretation or criticism. A summary, on the other hand, is a short
scientific text presented in the form of a conclusion, whose function is only to state the results and
finds of a research. By choosing the right key words, efficiency of finding and retrieving information
highly increases.
The basic function of the key words is minimalization of the volume of transferred information so the
thematic content of the abstract should be reduced to the minimum number of key words. The chosen
sequence of key words should also follow the flow of the thematic content.
There are 3 methods for obtaining key words sequential reduction method, integrated global-content
method and direct reduction method, which is simple and quick, but isn't the most reliable.
CHAPTER VIII Abstract Or Mini-Text?
The speed of the exchange of scientific information in medical science is of vital importance. The
presentation of the content of a professional theme via posters at professional congresses in the form of
an abstract is governed by the laws of a written rhetorical form of a scientific text which is spatially
limited, the content situationally relevant, linguistically adequate. Coherent and cohesive and logically
argumented in it's oral form. According to ISO and ANSI standards abstract is defined as a
secondary publication text, not longer than 250 words, the aim of which is to transfer the relevant
information for the purpose of skimming scientific literature. In a given space, the maximum of
information should be delivered. Besides spatial limitation, the text on congress posters is limited by
visual abilities, the letters should be big enough.
The text of an abstract should also be cohesive, which can be achieved by lexis, referentiality, ellipsis
and connectors. Sentences should logically follow one another and the message should be formulated
clearly. Therminological varieties have to be unified and atapted to the group of listeners. Keywords,
which are limited to number 9, should also be given. The term abstract is inadequate for type of text,
and it is better to call it indicative abstract or mini text.

1. Alka Krvavac: PROCEDURE IN ABSTRACT WRITING in:

Alka Krvavac & Ljerka Bartoli: INFORMATION WRITTEN ENGLISH IN
SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION, Zagreb: Faculty of mechanical & naval enigneering
1999.
2 .Alka Krvavac: KEYWORDS OF AN ABSTRACT AS A SOURCE OF DATA FOR
DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE AT THE PRESENT TIME in:
Alka Krvavac & Ljerka Bartoli: INFORMATION WRITTEN ENGLISH IN
SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION, Zagreb: Faculty of mechanical & naval enigneering
1999.
3. Alka Krvavac: ABSTRACT OR MINI-TEXT? WRITTEN/ORAL SCIENTIFIC
COMMUNICATION: CONGRESS POSTER SESSIONS: CASE ANALYSIS in:
Alka Krvavac & Ljerka Bartoli: INFORMATION WRITTEN ENGLISH IN
SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION, Zagreb: Faculty of mechanical & naval enigneering
1999.