History

Freedom of Movement of Workers

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Part of EUs four freedoms, which include guarantee the free movement of
goods, services, capital and people via Treaty on the functioning of EU

Aims at allowing goods and factors of production to move freely to the are
where they are most valued, thus improving the efficiency of the
allocation of resources

Also intended to drive economic integration, wherein the member states

of the economy become integrated within one single EU economy

Freedom of movement for workers shall be secured within the

Community.
Such freedom of movement shall entail the abolition of any discrimination
based on nationality between workers of the Member States as regards
employment, remuneration and other conditions of work and
employment.
It shall entail the right, subject to limitations justified on grounds of public
policy, public security or public health:
(a) to accept offers of employment actually made;
(b) to move freely within the territory of Member States for this purpose;
(c) to stay in a Member State for the purpose of employment in
accordance with the provisions governing the employment of nationals of
that State laid down by law, regulation or administrative action;
(d) to remain in the territory of a Member State after having been
employed in that State, subject to conditions which shall be embodied in
implementing regulations to be drawn up by the Commission.
The provisions of this article shall not apply to employment in the public
service.

Problems
Some people do lose out.
The first is simply the pressure of increasing population on housing, public
services and transport
The second is those who are particularly likely to lose out, not necessarily from
immigration but wider economic trends those with few skills or qualifications,
living in seaside towns or some former industrial areas.

Although the free movement of workers has advantages, it also has

disadvantages such as, the impoverishment of regions of emigration in terms of
their most dynamic human capital and an overloading of the social services in
the areas of immigration. The free movement of labour within the European
Union is therefore no panacea. It has to be channelled and supported by social
measures in favour of migrant workers and their families. It has above all to be
coupled with an efficient regional policy capable of creating jobs in the less
favoured regions of the Union to provide employment for the labour available in
situ. Under these conditions, freedom of movement is an acquired right of EU
workers.
Benefits of Free Mobility
More Immigrants Increases the supply of labor But immigrants earn money,
spend money, set up businesses and so on, it also increases the demand for
labour.
Its true that, if an immigrant takes a job, then a British worker cant take that job
but it doesnt meant he or she wont find another one that may have been
created, directly or indirectly, as a result of immigration.
Over the longer run, however, the indirect impacts are likely to be larger, and
here the evidence suggests that the impact is likely to be positive. Immigrants
have different skills and experiences to native workers, so they complement
rather than substitute for natives, helping raise wages and productivity for
everybody. And, in general, economists think that competition including in the
labour market leads to efficiency gains. Again, over time, this should result in
increased productivity and hence higher wages all round.
According to BBC, In 2012, 45,000 Italians moved to Germany. The Spanish were
not far behind, with 37,000 heading in the same direction; 35,000 Greeks also
left for Germany. This is good for Germany because it needs these migrants
because they need highly skilled people.

The freedom of movement of salaried and non-salaried workers allows

EU citizens to seek, within the Union, better living and working
conditions than are available to them in their region of origin. It
therefore boosts greatly the chances of improving the standards of living
of the individual.

At the same time, freedom of movement reduces social pressure in the

poorest regions of the European Union and allows the living conditions of
those remaining to improve. In the EU in general it facilitates the
adjustment of the labour supply to the variations in the demand of
undertakings and opens the way for more coherent and more effective
economic policies at a European level. Thus, freedom of movement of

workers contributes to the attainment of the objectives of the common

market as well as to the flexibility and efficiency of the labour market.

Advantages of Free Movement of Labour

Can Deal With Labour Shortages. Countries may experience labour shortages,
especially in certain skilled positions or undesirable jobs many domestic
workers dont want to do. Immigrants can fill these vacancies.
Can Prevent Wage Inflation. If an economy experiences labour shortages, it will
put strong upward pressure on wages; higher wages can easily lead to
inflationary pressures. Free movement of labour means rising wages will attract
more labour into a country and this will prevent wage inflation.
Can Diminish the rise in unemployment. If there is free movement of labour,
then workers from oversees can take temporary jobs when an economy is
booming and then return home, when the boom is over. This is particularly
beneficial for cycling job markets like construction. The recession is encouraging
many immigrants from eastern Europe to return home from UK and Ireland.
Without this free movement of labour, the rise in unemployment would be
sharper.
More Flexible Labour Markets. In an economy there may appear shortages in
certain professions such as teaching and nursing. These vacancies can take a long
time to fill because of the time taken to undertake training. If there is free
movement of labour, qualified workers will be attracted to fill these vacancies
making the economy more flexible and overcome shortages quicker.
Fill Undesirable Jobs. In developed countries, there are often jobs which are
difficult to fill because they are deemed unsavourary. This may involve cleaning,
bar work or dangerous jobs. Immigrants may be willing to fill these jobs because
of the wage premium from working in that country

Who can benefit from this freedom?

Jobseekers, i.e. EU nationals who move to another EU country to look for a job, under certain
conditions
EU nationals working in another EU country
EU nationals who return to their country of origin after having worked abroad.
Family members of the above.
Rights may differ somewhat for people who plan to be self-employed, students, and retired or

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Intro and History Yan

Benefits Aman theoretical advantages of migration
Counter Benefits Chang Ha
Counter counter benefits Ji
The examples Hiro and Yan