VSL Damping Solutions For Buildings

VSL DAMPING SOLUTIONS FOR BUILDINGS
VIBRATION
CONTROL SYSTEMS
DAMPER DESIGN
AND INSTALLATION
STRUCTURAL
STRENGTHENING
AND STABILISATION
VALUE ENGINEERING
VSL AND VIBRATION CONTROL

VSL and vibration control
VSL started working with vibration control
technologies some 15 years ago to develop
solutions to the problems caused by stay cable
vibrations. Backed by the strength of that
experience and with many successfullycompleted projects around the world, VSL can
offer todays clients an extensive menu of
tailor-made solutions for buildings and bridges
that require efficient damping solutions.
A successful partnership
The Gensui products were launched to the
market in 1994 by Japans Sumitomo Rubber
Industries Ltd., a world-leading developer of
industrial rubber components. The original
application was to control vibrations in stay
cables; use was gradually expanded to include
buildings, houses and other structures that
were subjected to vibrations which needed to
be mitigated. VSL and SRI have been in
partnership since 2005 to enhance the range
of products available to provide damping
solutions for cable-stayed bridges, building
structures and many other applications around
the world.
VSL guided by a strong QSE culture
Integration of the VSL Gensui Dampers

in a building structure
A pioneer in the post-tensioning

industry
Innovation at the service

of VSLs clients
VSL has been recognised since 1956 as the

leader in the field of post-tensioning works
and related activities. The company works as a
specialist contractor through a network of local
subsidiaries and experts, offering a
comprehensive range of professional services
and solutions to suit every projects needs.
Teams of skilled and dedicated professionals

with the support of a strong research and
development ensure that VSL brings innovation
to each project. The extensive range of services
includes feasibility studies, structural design
assistance, contractor consulting and field
installation; all aimed at finding the best fullycustomised solutions for every project.
VSL products and services provide optimal

solutions and ensure the best value for every
project and customer.
VSLs leading position is based on a rigorous

and committed quality culture. The QSE
(Quality, Safety, Environment) policy represents
a major focus for every service provided. Local
teams ensure co-ordination of actions,
encourage sharing of experience and promote
best practice, with the aim of continuously
improving performance. In VSLs culture,
employees are vitally important to the
competitiveness and prosperity of the
company. VSL is committed to maintaining the
highest levels of client satisfaction and
personnel safety.
Changing the way we do business

For VSL, sustainable development means
striking a balance in its development model
between the economic profitability of its
businesses and their social and environmental
impacts. That commitment is formalised into
the VSL Sustainable Development program
which focuses on safety, use of fewer scarce
materials and less energy and production of
less pollution and waste.
EFFICIENT MITIGATION
OF VIBRATION PHENOMENA
VSL Gensui technology can apply to all types of vibrations
The VSL Gensui damper solution
VSL offers a wide range of damping solutions
based on the use of the VSL Gensui damper.
Solutions depend on the vibration frequency and
the structures mass, see table.
Large
The effective area of application

for VSL Gensui dampers
Strong earthquake
Vibration scale
Long periodic
Instantaneous
Wind
(tall buildings, bridges)
High frequency
Vibration of machines and equipment
Low frequency
Small
The VSL Gensui damper features the unique

properties of super high damping rubber,
which instantly converts vibration energy into
heat energy through shear deformation.
Building vibrations resulting from wind forces,
traffic, human activities and even severe
earthquakes are effectively controlled by
VSL Gensui dampers.
Medium/small earthquake
Environmental and traffic vibrations
Frequency
Low
10Hz
High
100Hz
VSL Gensui Damper solutions depend on frequency and mass
Rubber damper
for TV antennas
Facility equipment
Bridge Cable
Individual housing
1Hz
Marine (wave)
Low
0.1Hz
Vibrations not only generate discomfort for the

users of a structure and the people but can
also be very detrimental to structural
components, as they induce fatigue effects in
the members. In extreme cases, vibrations can
lead to failure of these components, either as
a result of high energy events such as
earthquakes or from more commonlyencountered phenomena such as wind.
It is essential to mitigate such vibration
phenomena as much as possible in order to
protect the structure.
Frequency
The detrimental effects of vibration
High
0.001 ton
Small
Industrial facility or skyscraper (brace type)
0.01 ton
0.1 ton
1 ton
Mass
10 ton
Concrete buildings and

skyscrapers (wall type)
100 ton
1,000 ton
Large
THE VSL GENSUI DAMPER SYSTEM

A unique material with exceptional properties
Exceptional energy absorption
The VSL Gensui damper dissipates movement
energy through the deformation of a special
material - Gensui High Damping Rubber
(HDR). The rubber is inserted inside the key
element of the VSL Gensui Damper, the
HDR Gensui pads.
Extreme adhesion
The joint between the rubber and the steel plate
is obtained by a vulcanisation process that
creates an extremely robust bond between the
two materials.
When subjected to shear testing to failure, the
breaking surface remains located inside the
rubber material.
Efficient vibration reduction by adding dampers with regard to wind loading and seismic loading
Acceleration
Displacement
Long-term durability
Initial
10-year ageing
20-year ageing
30-year ageing
40-year ageing
60-year ageing
Shear Force (kN)
Ageing tests prove a life expectancy greater than

60 years without any deterioration in mechanical
characteristics.
Shear Displacement (mm)
Hysteresis loops of secular degradation

(100mm-d20mm, frequency = 0.1Hz)
Not a structural device

for gravity loads
High capacity to deform

Thanks to its extraordinary deformability, the material can withstand very severe
dynamic movements without damage, making the system extremely durable.
The VSL Gensui damper only works in shear to

dissipate energy when the structure is subject to
deformation due to vibrations.
Whether taken into account as part of the
structural design leading to optimisation of the
structure member size or simply to enhance the
serviceability of that structure, its safety and
comfort, it does not withstand the permanent
loadings, but instead works only to mitigate the
transient loadings. Hence, its possible
accidental destruction by fire does not
compromise the direct stability and safety of the
structure. In addition, because of its simplicity
and easy access, the dampers can then be
replaced easily to reinstate the full damping
system after the fire. Optionally, the damper
units can be protected by fire boards providing
the desired fire-rating, similar to protection that
could be provided to any structural steel member.
The flash point of the rubber material is at
200C and the ignition point is at 360C.
Other advantages
Easy installation and replacement if
necessary, such as for repair after a fire
Cost effective
Low maintenance
Low dependency on temperature and
frequency
DESIGNING WITH THE VSL GENSUI DAM

How it works
The mathematical model of the
energy absorption
The VSL Gensui damper works in shear only and
dissipates energy when deformed.
The energy absorbed is a function of the
hysteresis loop and parameters of VSL Gensui
damper that are derived from cyclic shear testing.
The hysteresis loop of VSL Gensui damper
complies with a modified bi-linear model, which
enables engineers to perform accurate analysis
and calculations.
Hysteresis loop of VSL Gensui damper

Shear
Gensui Rubber
Reaction
force
Keq
W
0
Choice of shapes
Deformation
VSL Gensui dampers are available in

different shapes and sizes to suit their
application and location.
W : Strain Energy
W : Absorption Energy
Keq : Equivalent Stiffness
Heq : Equivalent Damping Coefficient
= (1/4) x (W / W)
Effective for all vibration modes

The behaviour of the VSL Gensui damper can be
construed as a combination of spring, friction
and viscosity. Therefore, the VSL Gensui damper
is independent of the vibration mode and of the
amplitude. The curve results extracted from full-
scale tests, illustrate this behaviour.

Extensive in situ, full-scale and laboratory tests
have been carried out to assess the VSL Gensui
damper's performance.
First mode
of vibration
Second mode
of vibration
Third mode
of vibration
MPER
Comparison between a base isolation system and a vibration control system using the VSL Gensui damper.
Seismic-resistant traditional design

(no damping system)
Vibrations are resisted solely by the
structure. Structures are, therefore, generally
quite stiff. Forces generated by the vibrations
are amplified and are entirely resisted by the
structural members.
Base isolation system

The structure is designed and built over large
bearings that take its overall weight. The
bearings also serve to isolate the building from
the direct impact of the vibrations, thus
mitigating their effects on the structure.
However, such a system requires large
substructures and bearings.
Base Isolation System

GROUND CONDITION
SITE CONDITION
BUILDING HEIGHT
FREEDOM of DESIGN
WIND-INDUCED VIBRATION
SMALL or MEDIUM SCALE EARTHQUAKE
Vibration control - energy dissipation

using VSL Gensui dampers
The VSL Gensui dampers are located by the
designer at the points in the structure where the
largest displacements between members are
expected. The amplitude of the movements
depends on the structures stiffness. When the
structure is subject to vibrations, part of the
energy is dissipated by the damping system,
which mitigates the vibrations at every point
where the dampers are activated.
Vibration Control System
Difficult to apply on soft ground or easily liquefied ground
NO LIMITATION
Necessary to take space around the building.
NO LIMITATION
Not economical to apply to thin and high building.
NO LIMITATION
Necessary to use flexible piping and wiring.
NO LIMITATION
NOT EFFECTIVE
(even for daily wind-induced vibration)
EFFECTIVE
May not function even during a medium-scale earthquake.
EFFECTIVE
LARGE-SCALE EARTHQUAKE
As the vibrations of the building are gradual, furniture

are not displaced nor collapsing. The building
operation can continue normally after an earthquake.
Mitigate vibrations and maintain the

functionalities of the building.
AFTERSHOCK
Cracks or disruptions that might appear in the ground

below the building after a major shock may jeopardize
the effectiveness of the system.
EFFECTIVE
The loads are more spread and thus less subject
to differential settlements
EXCEPTIONAL EARTHQUAKE
Effectiveness of the system is uncertain in the case of an

exceptional earthquake beyond the design assumptions.
Mitigate some vibrations
In the event of flooding, the system requires checking

as it is generally located in the basement of the
structure and is therefore exposed to flooding.
The system is normally not located in floodable areas
Must be maintained periodically.
Limited maintenance required
The system requires the substructure of the building to

be designed around it, driving the loads to concentrated
areas where the bearings are located. Additionally, it
requires periodic maintenance. Overall, the cost of that
system is substantial.
The initial investment is substantially lower, as well

as the long term costs due to the minimum
maintenance required for that system.
WEATHER CONDITIONS
MAINTENANCE
OVERALL COSTS
VSL GENSUI DAMPERS - APPLICATIONS

Applications in buildings
VSL Gensui dampers are located where the
structure is most subject to deformation. Under
vibration conditions leading to deformations of
the structure, the VSL Gensui dampers are
subject to shear and in turn dissipate the
energy of the vibrations, mitigating the
structures movements.
Wall and column type dampers

VSL Gensui dampers are integrated into
prefabricated steel panels that are installed
directly in the structure during construction.
Optimisation at the design stage can keep the
size and weight of these steel elements to a
minimum, allowing the use of concrete wherever
possible.
Wall type dampers
Wall type VSL Gensui dampers

installed along the height
of a building
Wall type
Column type
Wall type dampers installed at points of large displacement
IN BUILDINGS
Brace type damper
For steel structures, VSL Gensui dampers are
integrated into larger triangular beams, which
are designed not to carry structural forces but
are located where the structure is most subject
to deformation. When the structure is subject to
vibrations, these beams deform and introduce
shear into the VSL Gensui dampers, which then
dissipate the energy.
Brace type dampers
K-Brace type
Brace type
Retrofitting
Antennae and lamp posts
VSL Gensui dampers can be utilised to retrofit

existing structures.
Assistance is available for designers through
computer tools, which allow modelling of a
structure and design of a damping system that
is capable of sharing forces between the
structure itself and the damping system.
Housing
Brace type dampers integrated into triangular beams
In earthquake areas,
VSL Gensui dampers
are installed in
prefabricated panels
that can be
integrated directly
into the structure
during construction.
OTHER APPLICATIONS
VSL Gensui dampers can potentially be installed
anywhere where vibrations are present and need
to be mitigated. Below are some applications
that have already been implemented, although
many other configurations could be imagined.
VSL Gensui dampers have been installed in
many structures and have proven their
efficiency and cost effectiveness both at the
installation stage and during operation and
maintenance.
Bridges Dampers for stay cables

and bridge deck girders
VSL Gensui dampers are used extensively on
cable-stayed bridges where vibration
phenomena can be severe, requiring effective
means of damping.
10
Incheon Bridge, Korea 2009

16 cables have been equipped
with VSL Gensui dampers.
Retrofitting on bridges
Marine applications
In this case, main girder beams

have been equipped with
Gensui dampers reacting
against a fixed point below
mounted on columns. The
Gensui dampers are activated
during vertical vibrations into
the beams, vibrations that are
thus mitigated by the action of
the dampers.
Wave-induced vibration is a well known

phenomenon and can be very uncomfortable to
the public. In this case, VSL Gensui dampers
have been installed between the vertical posts
and the floating deck. When this one is subject
to vertical movements due to wave effects, the
dampers are activated in shear and in turn
reduce these vibrations.
GROUND ENGINEERING
Ground
anchors
The VSL Gensui damper: an effective

means of increasing safety, reliability
and redundancy in structures
The VSL Gensui damper works very effectively
in dissipating energy due to vibrations,
including those caused by external sources
such as pedestrians walking on floors, cars
circulating on bridges, by wind or earthquakes.
Whether taken into account as part of the
structural design leading to optimisation of
the structure member size or simply to
enhance the serviceability of that structure,
its safety and comfort, it does not withstand
the permanent loadings, but instead works
only to mitigate the transient loadings.
As a consequence, engineers can design
structures with reduced element sizes, which
in turn reduce the forces induced by the
vibrations. Ultimately, iterations achieve an
optimised design for the structures and the
most effective use of the materials required
for construction. A further benefit is that the
reductions in total weight of the
superstructure, base shear and over-turning
moments mean that the foundations can
also be reduced. Overall, the use of VSL
Gensui dampers results in the whole
structure from the foundations to the top
being lighter than with traditional methods,
while providing greater ductility and
resilience to control the vibrations. All these
benefits result in cost savings for the owner.
In addition, VSL Gensui dampers require only
limited maintenance because of their
simplicity and very high durability. All this
combines to make the VSL Gensui damper a
very eco-friendly solution, which limits the
carbon footprint of the overall structure.
CONSTRUCTION
VSoL walls
Bridges
D-walls
& Piles
Buildings
Ground
improvement
Slab on grade
Containment
structures
Special
structures
Heavy lifting
Formwork &
Equipment
REPAIR, STRENGTHENING
& PRESERVATION
36.25
3178.25
Structural
diagnostics
& Monitoring
Repair &
Strengthening
Protection &
Preservation
SYSTEMS & TECHNOLOGIES
Post-tensioning strand systems

Bars & post-tensioning bar systems
Stay cable systems
Damping systems (stays & buildings)
Ductal UHP concrete
Bearings & Joints
www.vsl.com
11
VSL LOCATIONS
www.vsl.com
Middle East /
Africa /
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

VSL Middle East LLC
DUBAI, UAE
Phone: +971 4 885 7225
Fax: +971 4 885 7226
EGYPT
ARGENTINA
VSL Sistemas Especiales de
Construccin Argentina SA
BUENOS AIRES
Phone: +54 11 4326 06 09
Fax: +54 11 4326 26 50
BOLIVIA
Postensados de Bolivia
SAN MIGUEL, LA PAZ
Phone: +591 2 27 70 338
Fax: +591 2 27 96 183
CHILE
VSL Sistemas Especiales de
Construccin S.A.
SANTIAGO
Phone: +56 2 571 67 00
Fax: +56 2 571 67 01
COLOMBIA
Sistemas Especiales de
Construccin S.A.S
BOGOTA
Phone: +57 1 226 62 30
Fax: +57 1 271 50 65
MEXICO
VSL Corporation Mexico S.A de C.V
MEXICO
Phone: +52 55 55 11 20 36
Fax: +52 55 55 11 40 03
PERU
Tsala-RMS Construction Solutions

(Pty) Ltd
JOHANNESBURG
Phone: +27 11 878 6820
Fax: +27 11 878 6821
Europe /
AUSTRIA
Grund-Pfahl- und Sonderbau
GmbH
HIMBERG
Phone: +43 2235 87 777
Fax: +43 2235 86 561
CROATIA
Tehnicki projekt d.o.o.
ZAGREB
Phone: +385 1 4664 586
Fax: +385 1 4664 549
CZECH REPUBLIC
VSL Systems (CZ) Ltd.
PRAGUE
Phone: +420 2 51 09 16 80
Fax: +420 2 51 09 16 99
FRANCE
VSL France S.A.
LABGE
Phone: +33 05 61 00 96 59
Fax: +33 05 61 00 96 62
Sistemas Especiales de Construccin

Peru S.A.
LIMA
Phone: +51 1 349 38 38
Fax: +51 1 348 28 78
GERMANY
UNITED STATES
GREAT BRITAIN
VStructural LLC
BALTIMORE, MD
Phone: +1 410 850 7000
Fax: +1 410 850 4111
VENEZUELA
Gestin de Obras
y Construcciones C.A.
CARACAS
Phone/Fax: +58 212 941 86 75
Asia /
SOUTH AFRICA
Americas /
Matrix Engineering Company

CAIRO
Phone: +20 2 344 19 00
Fax: +20 2 346 04 57
VSL Systems GmbH

BERLIN
Phone: +49 30 530 28 06-0
Fax: +49 30 530 28 06-99
VSL Systems (UK) Ltd.
BEDFORDSHIRE
Phone: +41 58 456 30 30
Fax: +41 58 456 30 35
NETHERLANDS
Heijmans Beton en Waterbouw B.V.
ROSMALEN
Phone: +31 73 543 66 02
Fax: +31 73 543 66 11
NORWAY
Spennarmering Norge AS
RUD
Phone: +47 98 21 02 66
Fax: +47 67 17 30 01
Headquarters
BRUNEI
VSL International Ltd.

Scheibenstrasse 70
CH-3014 Bern
Switzerland
Phone: +41 58 456 30 00
Fax: +41 58 456 30 95
CHINA PRC
PHILIPPINES
VSL (China) Engineering

Corp., Ltd.
HEFEI
Phone: +86 551 382 29 18
Fax: +86 551 382 28 78
VSL Philippines Inc.

PASIG CITY
Phone/Fax: +632 672 13 95
VSL Systems (B) Sdn. Bhd.

BRUNEI DARUSSALAM
Phone: +673 2 380 153 / 381 827
Fax: +673 2 381 954
PORTUGAL
HONG KONG
VSL Sistemas Portugal

Pre-Esforo, Equipamento
e Montagens S.A.
PAO DE ARCOS
Phone: +351 21 445 83 10
Fax: +351 21 444 63 77
VSL Hong Kong Ltd.

CHAI WAN
Phone:+852 2590 22 88
Fax: +852 2590 02 90
VSL GEO
Sistemas de Aplicao
em Geotecnia SA
PAO DE ARCOS
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Fax: + 351 21 445 83 28
SPAIN
CTT Stronghold
BARCELONA
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VSL-SPAM, S.A.
BARCELONA
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Fax: +34 93 846 51 97
SWEDEN
Internordisk Spnnarmering AB
VSTERHANINGE
Phone: +46 10 448 74 29
Fax: +46 8 753 49 73
SWITZERLAND
VSL (Switzerland) Ltd.
SUBINGEN
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Fax: +41 58 456 30 35
VSL (Suisse) SA
SAINT LEGIER
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Fax: +41 58 456 30 95
TURKEY
Mega Yapi Construction &
Trade Co. Ltd
ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 490 90 66
Fax: +90 312 490 90 55
Intrafor Hong Kong Ltd.

CHAI WAN
Phone:+852 2836 31 12
Fax: +852 2591 61 39
SINGAPORE
VSL Singapore Pte. Ltd.
SINGAPORE
Phone: +65 6559 12 22
Fax: +65 6257 77 51
TAIWAN
VSL Taiwan Ltd.
TAIPEI
Phone: +886 2 2759 6819
Fax: +886 2 2759 6821
THAILAND
FT Laboratories Ltd.
PING CHE
Phone: +852 2758 48 61
Fax: +852 2758 89 62
VSL (Thailand) Co. Ltd.

BANGKOK
Phone: +66 2 679 76 15 - 19
Fax: +66 2 679 76 45
INDIA
VIETNAM
VSL India PVT Ltd.

CHENNAI
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Fax: +91 44 4225 10 10
VSL Vietnam Ltd.

HANOI
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Fax: +84 4 3976 5089
INDONESIA
HO CHI MINH CITY

Phone: +84 8 810 6817
Fax: +84 8 810 6818
PT VSL Indonesia
JAKARTA
Phone: +62 21 570 07 86
Fax: +62 21 573 75 57
JAPAN
Australia /
VSL Japan Corporation

TOKYO
Phone: +81 3 3346 8913
Fax: +81 3 3345 9153
VSL Australia Pty. Ltd.
KOREA
QUEENSLAND
Phone: +61 7 3265 64 00
Fax: +61 7 3265 75 34
VSL Korea Co. Ltd.

SEOUL
Phone: +82 2 553 8200
Fax: +82 2 553 8255
MALAYSIA
VSL Engineers (M) Sdn. Bhd.
KUALA LUMPUR
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Fax: +603 7981 84 22
NEW SOUTH WALES

Phone: +61 2 9484 5944
Fax: +61 2 9875 3894
VICTORIA
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SOUTH AUSTRALIA
Phone: +61 8 8354 4884
Fax: +61 8 8354 4883
TASMANIA
Phone: +61 3 6225 3567
Fax: +61 3 6225 2226
PERTH
Phone/Fax: +61 8 9523 4686
Copyright 2010, VSL International Ltd.

Printed in France patented.
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from sustainably
managed forests.
The information set forth in this brochure including technical and

engineering data is presented for general information only. While every
effort has been made to insure its accuracy, this information should not be
used or relied upon for any specific application without independent
professional examination and verification of its accuracy, suitability and
applicability. Anyone using this material assumes any and all liability
resulting from such use. VSL disclaims any and all express or implied
warranties of merchantability fitness for any general or particular purpose or
freedom from infringement of any patent, trademark, or copyright in regard
to the information or products contained or referred to herein. Nothing
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VSL Damping Solutions For Buildings

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VSL Damping Solutions For Buildings

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VSL DAMPING SOLUTIONS FOR BUILDINGS

VSL AND VIBRATION CONTROL

VSL guided by a strong QSE culture

Integration of the VSL Gensui Dampers

A pioneer in the post-tensioning

Innovation at the service

VSL has been recognised since 1956 as the

Teams of skilled and dedicated professionals

VSL products and services provide optimal