1 - OEA000100 LTE Air Interface ISSUE 1.03 PDF

LTE Air Interface
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. The Air interface
2. LTE Radio Interface General Principles
Page1
Contents
Page2
Contents
1. The Air Interface
1.1 Evolution of Cellular Networks
1.2 3GPP Releases
1.3 Radio Interface Techniques
1.4 Transmission Modes
1.5 Spectrum Usage
1.6 Channel Coding in LTE
1.7 Principles of OFDM
Page3
Contents
1.2 3GPP Releases
1.5 Spectrum Usage
Page4
Evolution of Cellular Networks
Page5
First Generation Mobile Systems

l
AMPS (Advanced Mobile Telephone System)
TACS (Total Access Communications System)
ETACS (Extended Total Access Communications System)
Page6
Second Generation Mobile Systems
cdmaOne
(IS-95)
D-AMPS
(IS-136)
Page7
2.5G and 2.75G GSM/GPRS

Systems
System
Service
Theoretical Data
Rate
Typical Data Rate
2G GSM
Circuit Switched
Data Service
9.6kbit/s or
14.4kbit/s
9.6kbit/s or
14.4kbit/s
2.5G GPRS
Packet Switched
Data
171.2kbit/s
4kbit/s to 50kbit/s
2.75G EDGE
Packet Switched
Data
473.6kbit/s
120kbit/s
Page8
Third Generation Mobile Systems
UMTS
TD-CDMA
TD-SCDMA
Page9
Fourth Generation Mobile Systems
WiMAX
802.16m
Page10
Contents
1.2 3GPP Releases
1.5 Spectrum Usage
Page11
3GPP Releases
Phase 2+
(Release 97)
Release 99
Release 6
Release 8
GPRS
171.2kbit/s
UMTS
2Mbit/s
HSUPA
5.76Mbit/s
LTE
+300Mbit/s
EDGE
473.6kbit/s
HSDPA
14.4Mbit/s
Release 99
Release 5
HSPA+
28.8Mbit/s
42Mbit/s
Release 7/8
Page12
Release 5 - HSDPA
Page13
Release 6 - HSUPA
Page14
Release 7 - HSPA+
Page15
Release 8 - HSPA+ and LTE

UTRAN
Iub
Node B
UE
E-UTRAN
eNB
Page16
RNC
Release 9 and Beyond
Page17
Contents
1.2 3GPP Releases
1.5 Spectrum Usage
Page18
Radio Interface Techniques
TDMA
CDMA
Page19
Frequency Division Multiple Access
Page20
Time Division Multiple Access
Page21
Code Division Multiple Access
Page22
Orthogonal Frequency Division

Multiple Access
Page23
Contents
1.2 3GPP Releases
1.5 Spectrum Usage
Page24
Transmission Modes
Frequency Division Duplex
Page25
Transmission Modes
Time Division Duplex
Page26
Contents
1.2 3GPP Releases
1.5 Spectrum Usage
Page27
GSM Bands
Operating Band
Frequency
Band
Uplink Frequency
(MHz)
Downlink
Frequency (MHz)
GSM 400
450
450.4 - 457.6
460.4 - 467.6
GSM 400
480
478.8 - 486.0
488.8 - 496.0
GSM 850
850
824.0 - 849.0
869.0 - 894.0
GSM 900 (P-GSM)
900
890.0 - 915.0
935.0 - 960.0
GSM 900 (E-GSM)
900
880.0 - 915.0
925.0 - 960.0
GSM-R (R-GSM)
900
876.0 - 880.0
921.0 - 925.0
DCS 1800
1800
1710.0 - 1785.0
1805.0 - 1880.0
PCS 1900
1900
1850.0 - 1910.0
1930.0 - 1990.0
Page28
UMTS Bands
Operating Band
Frequency
Band
Uplink Frequency
(MHz)
Downlink
Frequency (MHz)
2100
1920 - 1980
2110 - 2170
II
1900
1850 - 1910
1930 - 1990
III
1800
1710 - 1785
1805 - 1880
IV
1700
1710 - 1755
2110 - 2155
850
824 - 849
869 - 894
VI
800
830 - 840
875 - 885
VII
2600
2500 - 2570
2620 - 2690
VIII
900
880 - 915
925 - 960
IX
1700
1749.9 - 1784.9
1844.9 - 1879.9
1700
1710 - 1770
2110 - 2170
XI
1500
1427.9 - 1452.9
1475.9 - 1500.9
XII
700
698 - 716
728 - 746
XIII
700
777 - 787
746 - 756
XIV
700
788 - 798
758 - 768
Page29
UMTS TDD Frequency Bands

Frequency Band
1900 - 1920
2010 - 2025
1850 - 1910
1930 - 1990
1910 - 1930
2570 - 2620
Page30
LTE Release 8 Bands

Band
Duplex
FDL_low
FDL_high
NOffs-DL
NDL
FUL_low
FUL_high
NOffs-UL
NUL
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
(MHz)
2110
1930
1805
2110
869
875
2620
925
1844.9
2110
1475.9
728
746
758
(MHz)
2170
1990
1880
2155
894
885
2690
960
1879.9
2170
1500.9
746
756
768
0
600
1200
1950
2400
2650
2750
3450
3800
4150
4750
5000
5180
5280
0-599
600-1199
1200-1949
1950-2399
2400-2649
2650-2749
2750-3449
3450-3799
3800-4149
4150-4749
4750-4999
5000-5179
5180-5279
5280-5379
(MHz)
1920
1850
1710
1710
824
830
2500
880
1749.9
1710
1427.9
698
777
788
(MHz)
1980
1910
1785
1755
849
840
2570
915
1784.9
1770
1452.9
716
787
798
18000
18600
19200
19950
20400
20650
20750
21450
21800
22150
22750
23000
23180
23280
18000-18599
18600-19199
19200-19949
19950-20399
20400-20649
20650-20749
20750-21449
21450-21799
21800-22149
22150-22749
22750-22999
23000-23179
23180-23279
23280-23379
17
FDD
734
746
5730
5730-5849
704
716
23730
23730-23849
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
TDD
TDD
TDD
TDD
TDD
TDD
TDD
TDD
1900
2010
1850
1930
1910
2570
1880
2300
1920
2025
1910
1990
1930
2620
1920
2400
36000
36200
36350
36950
37550
37750
38250
38650
36000-36199
36200-36349
36350-36949
36950-37549
37550-37749
37750-38249
38250-38649
38650-39649
1900
2010
1850
1930
1910
2570
1880
2300
1920
2025
1910
1990
1930
2620
1920
2400
36000
36200
36350
36950
37550
37750
38250
38650
36000-36199
36200-36349
36350-36949
36950-37549
37550-37749
37750-38249
38250-38649
38650-39649
Page31
Carrier Frequency EARFCN

Calculation
Page32
Example
100kHz Raster
Uplink
Downlink
1937.4MHz
2127.4MHz
FDL = FDL_low + 0.1(NDL - NOffs-DL)
NDL =
NDL =
(FDL - FDL_low)
0.1
+ NOffs-DL
(2127.4 - 2110)
+ 0 = 174
0.1
Page33
Frequency
Contents
1.2 3GPP Releases
1.5 Spectrum Usage
Page34
LTE Transport Channel Processing

Transport Block
MAC Layer
PHY Layer
Transport Block CRC Attachment

Code Block CRC Attachment and
Segmentation
Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Code Block Concatenation
Additional Layer 1 Processes
Page35
Transport Block CRC
Page36
CRC Parity Bits
Page37
Code Block Segmentation and CRC

Attachment
Page38
Example
Page39
Channel Coding
Transport Channel Coding Options
Transport Channel
Coding Method
Rate
Turbo Coding
1/3
Tail Biting Convolutional Coding
1/3
DL-SCH
UL-SCH
PCH
MCH
BCH
Page40
Channel Coding
Control Information Coding Options
Control Information
Coding Method
Rate
DCI
1/3
CFI
Block Code
1/16
HI
Repetition Code
1/3
UCI
Block Code
Variable
1/3
Page41
Repetition Coding
ACK
NACK
1
Repetition
Coding
1
Orthogonal sequences
Orthogonal sequences
Page42
Block Coding
CFI
CFI Codeword < b0, b1, , b31 >
<0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1>
<1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0>
<1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1>
4 (Reserved)
<0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0>
Page43
Convolutional Encoding
Rate Convolutional Encoder
Page44
Convolutional Coding Example
Input
S1
S2
G0
G1
Page45
Coding Comparison Chart

Standard Convolutional Coding
Initializes the shift register with zeros.
Initializes the shift register with the last bits

of the stream, i.e. zeros are not added for
initialization.
Padded with zeros.
The shift register finishes, such that the last

bits of input are the same as what was used
to initialize the shift registers.
Page46
Initializing Tail Biting Convolutional

Encoding
Page47
LTE 1/3 Rate Tail Biting

Convolutional Coding
Page48
LTE Turbo Coding
Page49
Rate Matching
dk(0)
Sub-block
Interleaver
dk(1)
Sub-block
Interleaver
dk(2)
Sub-block
Interleaver
Page50
LTE Sub-block Interleaver
Number of Columns
Inter-column Permutation Pattern
32
< 0, 16, 8, 24, 4, 20, 12, 28, 2, 18, 10, 26, 6,

22, 14, 30, 1, 17, 9, 25, 5, 21, 13, 29, 3, 19,
11, 27, 7, 23, 15, 31 >
Page51
Code Block Concatenation
Page52
Contents
1.2 3GPP Releases
1.5 Spectrum Usage
Page53
Principles of OFDM
Page54
Frequency Division Multiplexing

Guard Band
Subcarrier
Frequency
Channel
Bandwidth
Page55
OFDM Subcarriers
Page56
Inverse Fast Fourier Transform

Subcarrier
Modulation
Inverse Fast
Fourier
Transform
IFFT
Page57
Fast Fourier Transform
Parallel
Coded
to
Bits
Serial
Page58
LTE Channel and FFT Sizes

Channel
Bandwidth
FFT Size
Subcarrier
Bandwidth
1.4MHz
128
1.92MHz
3MHz
256
3.84MHz
5MHz
512
7.68MHz
Sampling Rate
15kHz
10MHz
1024
15.36MHz
15MHz
1536
23.04MHz
20MHz
2048
30.72MHz
Page59
OFDM Symbol Mapping
Page60
OFDM
Peak to Average Power Ratio
Page61
Time Domain Interference
Page62
Inter Symbol Interference

Delayed
Signal
Page63
Cyclic Prefix
Page64
Questions
l
Which release of the 3GPP specifications includes the initial

release of LTE?
a. Release 6.
b. Release 7.
c. Release 8.
a. Release 9.
Page65
Questions
l
What is the maximum size that a Turbo coder can handle in LTE?
a. 1024bits.
b. 2048bits.
c. 5512bits.
d. 6144bits.
Page66
Questions
l
Name the four main types of channel coding (FEC methods)

used in LTE.
Page67
Contents
Page68
Contents
2.1 The Uu Interface
2.2 LTE Radio Interface Protocols
2.3 LTE Channel Structure
2.4 LTE Frame Structure
2.5 OFDM Signal Generation
2.6 Downlink OFDMA
2.7 LTE Physical Signals
Page69
Contents
2.8 Downlink Reference Signals
2.9 Downlink LTE Physical Channels
2.10 Downlink Control Signaling
2.11 LTE Cell Search Procedure
2.12 Uplink Transmission Technique
2.13 OFDMA Verses SC-FDMA
2.14 Uplink LTE Physical Channels
2.15 Timing Relationships
Page70
Contents
2.16 Uplink Reference Signals
2.17 Uplink Control Signaling
2.18 LTE Random Access Procedure
2.19 Uplink Power Control
2.20 Paging Procedures
2.21 HARQ Operation
2.22 Diversity Options
Page71
Contents
2.6 Downlink OFDMA
Page72
Uu Interface
E-UTRA
Uu
UE
1.4MHz, 3MHz,
5MHz, 10MHz,
15MHz, 20MHz
eNB
Page73
Contents
2.6 Downlink OFDMA
Page74
LTE Control Plane and User Plane
Page75
E-UTRA Protocols
Control Plane
NAS Signaling
User Plane
RRC
NAS User - IP
PDCP
PDCP
RLC
RLC
MAC
MAC
PHY
PHY
UE
eNB
Page76
NAS Signaling
Page77
NAS EMM and ESM Procedures

EMM Procedures
ESM Procedures
Attach
Default EPS Bearer Context Activation
Detach
Dedicated EPS Bearer Context Activation
Tracking Area Update
EPS Bearer Context Modification
Service Request
EPS Bearer Context Deactivation
Extended Service Request
UE Requested PDN Connectivity
GUTI Reallocation
UE Requested PDN Disconnect
Authentication
UE Requested Bearer Resource Allocation
Identification
UE Requested Bearer Resource Modification
Security Mode Control
ESM Information Request
EMM Status
ESM Status
EMM Information
NAS Transport
Paging
Page78
Radio Resource Control
Page79
Packet Data Convergence Protocol
Page80
Radio Link Control
Page81
Medium Access Control
Page82
Physical Layer
Page83
Contents
2.6 Downlink OFDMA
Page84
LTE Channels
Page85
Logical Channels
Page86
Control Logical Channels
Page87
CCCH and DCCH Signaling
Page88
Traffic Logical Channels
Page89
LTE Release 8 Transport Channels

BCH
PCH
DL-SCH
UE
eNB
RACH
UL-SCH
Page90
Downlink Physical Channels

l
PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel)
PCFICH (Physical Control Format Indicator Channel)
PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel)
PHICH (Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel)
PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel)
Page91
Uplink Physical Channels

l
PRACH (Physical Random Access Channel)
PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel)
PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel)
Page92
Radio Channels
Page93
Downlink Channel Mapping
Page94
Uplink Channel Mapping
Page95
Contents
2.6 Downlink OFDMA
Page96
LTE Frame Structure
Page97
Normal and Extended Cyclic Prefix
Page98
Downlink CP Parameters
Configuration
CP Length (Ts)
Time
Delay
Spread
160 for slot 0
~ 5.208s
~ 1.562km
144 for slot 1, 2, 6
~ 4.688s
~ 1.406km
Normal Cyclic
Prefix
f = 15kHz
Extended Cyclic
Prefix
f = 15kHz
512 for slot 0, 1, 5
~16.67s
~ 5km
f = 7.5kHz
1024 for 0, 1, 2
~ 33.33 s
~ 10km
Page99
Normal CP Configuration
Page100
Type 2 TDD Radio Frame
Page101
Type 2 Radio Frame Switching Points

Configuration
Switching
Point
Periodicity
Subframe Number
0
5ms
5ms
5ms
10ms
10ms
10ms
5ms
Page102
Contents
2.6 Downlink OFDMA
Page103
OFDM Signal Generation

Antenna
Ports
Codewords
Scrambling
Modulation
Mapper
Resource
Element
Mapper
OFDM
Signal
Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
Mapper
Resource
Element
Mapper
OFDM
Signal
Generation
Page104
Codeword, Layer and Antenna Port

Mapping
Page105
Scrambling
Page106
Scrambling
Page107
Modulation Mapper
Page108
64 QAM Modulation Mapper

64QAM
Q
7
000111
000101
001101
001111
000110
000100
001100
001110
000010
000000
001000
001010
100011
000011
000001
001001
001011
-3
-1
111001
110001
110011
010011
010001
011001
011011
111010
111000
110000
110010
010010
010000
011000
011010
111110
111100
110100
110110
010110
010100
011100
011110
111111
111101
110101
110111
010111
010101
011101
011111
101111
101101
100101
100111
101110
101100
100100
100110
101010
101000
100000
100010
101011
101001
100001
-7
-5
111011
5
3
1
-1
-3
-5
-7
Page109
Layer Mapper Configuration

Mapper Configuration
Layers (v)
Antenna Ports (P)
Single Antenna
v=1
P=1
Transmit Diversity
v=P
P1 (2 or 4)
Spatial Multiplexing
1vP
P1 (2 or 4)
Page110
LTE Precoding Options
Page111
Spatial Multiplexing Codebook for

Precoding - 2 Antenna Ports
Codebook Index
Number of layers
1
1 1
2 1
1 1

2 1
1 1 1
2 1 1
1 1

2 j
1 1 1
2 j j
1 1

2 j
1 1 0
2 0 1
Page112
Contents
2.6 Downlink OFDMA
Page113
OFDMA in LTE
Frequency
Device is allocated one
or more PRB (Physical
Resource Blocks)
Channel
Bandwidth
E.g. 3MHz
OFDMA
PRB consists of 12
subcarriers for 0.5ms
Time
Page114
NSCRB Subcarriers = 12
Physical Resource Blocks and

Resource Elements
Page115
Downlink PRB Parameters
Configuration
Normal Cyclic Prefix
Extended Cyclic
Prefix
NSCRB
NSymbDL
f = 15kHz
f = 15kHz
f = 7.5kHz
7
12
6
24
Page116
Contents
2.6 Downlink OFDMA
Page117
Downlink Cell ID
Page118
PSS and SSS Location for FDD
Page119
PSS and SSS Location for TDD
Page120
Example of SSS Indices

N ID
(1)
m0
m1
N ID
(1)
m0
m1
N ID
(1)
m0
m1
N ID
(1)
m0
m1
N ID
(1)
m0
m1
34
68
12
102
15
19
136
22
27
35
69
10
13
103
16
20
137
23
28
36
70
11
14
104
17
21
138
24
29
37
71
12
15
105
18
22
139
25
30
167
33
67
11
101
14
18
135
21
26
Page121
SSS Scrambling
Page122
Contents
Page123
Downlink Reference Signals

l
Cell Specific (non-MBSFN)
MBSFN (MBMS service over Single Frequency Network)
UE Specific
Page124
Cell Specific Reference Signals

One Antenna Port
Page125

Cell ID Offset
Page126

Two Antenna Port Configuration
Page127

Four Antenna Port Configuration
Page128
MBFSN Reference Signals
Page129
UE Specific Reference Signals
Page130
Contents
Page131
PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel)
BCC
tio n
a
m
r
o
f
t In
s
a
c
d
a
H (B r o
eNB
UE
Page132
MIB to PBCH Mapping (FDD and

Normal CP)
MIB
CRC
Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Scrambling
Modulation
Layer Mapping
Precoding
Mapping to REs
PBCH
10ms Frame
Page133
CFICH (Physical Control Format

Indicator Channel) - CFI Mapping
CFI Value
Number of OFDM Symbols Assigned to DPCCH

N DL
RB > 10
N DL
RB 10
Page134
CFI to PCFICH Mapping

k
OFDM Symbols
allocated to
PDCCH
PCFICH
NRBDL
Cell
DL
k = (NRB
sc /2)(NID mod 2NRB)
Reserved RSs
k=k
DL
k = k + NRB
)/2 NRB
sc /2
DL
RB
k = k + 2NRB)/2 Nsc /2
RB
k = k + 3NDL
RB)/2 Nsc /2
Page135
CFI Codewords
CFI
CFI Codeword < b0, b1, , b31 >
<0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1>
<1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0>
<1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1>
4 (Reserved)
<0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0>
Page136
5MHz (25 Resource Blocks)
PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control

Channel)
Page137
REG to CCE and PDCCH Mapping
Page138
PDCCH to Control Region Mapping

x
RB
PCFICH
RB
PHICH
R
3
3
x
3
3
R
6
6
x
6
6
R
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
7
7
7
7
Page139
CCE Allocation Levels
Page140
Search Spaces
Candidate
Aggregation Set
for Common
Control
Candidate
Aggregation Set
for UE-specific
Control
8 - CCE
4 - CCE
2 - CCE
CCE
1 - CCE
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Common Search Space
UE-specific Search Space
Page141
PHICH (Physical Hybrid Indicator

Channel)
l
Frame Structure Type 1
Frame Structure Type 2 (TDD)
Page142
PHICH Mapping
PCFICH
PHICH
Mapping
Equation
Page143
Extended PHICH Example

Subframe
Normal
PHICH
Extended
PHICH
Page144
PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared

Channel)
Page145
Contents
Page146
Downlink Control Signaling

DCI Format
Usage
Scheduling of PUSCH
Scheduling of one PDSCH codeword
1A
Compact scheduling of one PDSCH codeword and random access

procedure initiated by a PDCCH order
1B
Compact scheduling of one PDSCH codeword with precoding

information (Rank-1 transmission)
1C
Very compact scheduling of one PDSCH codeword
1D
Compact scheduling of one PDSCH codeword with precoding and

power offset information (multi-user MIMO)
Scheduling PDSCH to UEs configured in closed-loop spatial

multiplexing MIMO
2A
Scheduling PDSCH to UEs configured in open-loop spatial

multiplexing MIMO
Transmission of TPC (Transmit Power Control) commands for

PUCCH and PUSCH with 2-bit power adjustments
3A
Transmission of TPC (Transmit Power Control) commands for

PUCCH and PUSCH with 1-bit power adjustments
Page147
DCI Format 0
l
Flag for format0/format1A differentiation - 1 bit, where value 0

indicates format 0 and value 1 indicates format 1A.
Hopping flag.
Resource block assignment and hopping resource allocation.
Modulation and coding scheme and redundancy version.
New data indicator.
TPC command for scheduled PUSCH.
Page148
DCI Format 0 (cont.)

l
Cyclic shift for DM RS.
UL index - This field is present only for TDD operation with

uplink-downlink configuration 0.
DAI (Downlink Assignment Index) - This field is present only for

TDD operation with uplink-downlink configurations 1-6.
CQI Request.
Page149
DCI Format 1
l
Resource allocation header (resource allocation type 0 / type 1).
Resource block assignment.
Modulation and coding scheme.
HARQ process number.
New data indicator.
Redundancy version.
Page150
DCI Format 1 (cont.)

l
TPC command for PUCCH.
Downlink Assignment Index - This field is present in TDD.
Ambiguous Sizes of Information Bits

12, 14, 16 ,20, 24, 26, 32, 40, 44, 56
Page151
Contents
Page152
Initial Procedures
Page153
Cell Search
Page154
Physical Cell Identities

SSS - One of 168
Group Identities
eNB
eNB
504 Unique Cell

Identities
eNB
PSS - One of 3 Identities
Page155
PSS Correlation
Page156
SSS Correlation
Page157
SI Messages - PBCH and the Master

Information Block
Page158
SI Block Type 1
SIB1 (System Information Block Type 1)
PLMN Identity List
Tracking Area Code
E-CGI (Evolved Cell Global Identity)
Cell Barred Indication
Intra Frequency Reselection
CSG Indication
CSG Identity
Qrxlevminoffset
P-Max
Frequency Band Indicator
Scheduling Info List
SIB Window Length (1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 40ms)
System Info Value Tag
Page159
PLMN Selection
3G Visited
PLMN
LTE Visited
PLMN
Node B
eNB
UE
LTE Home eNB
PLMN
Page160
Cell Selection
Page161
Cell Selection Parameters

Parameter
Description
Srxlev
Cell Selection RX level value (dB).
Qrxlevmeas
Measured cell RX level value (RSRP),

where RSRP is defined as the linear average
over the power contributions of the resource
elements that carry cell specific reference
signals within the considered measurement
frequency bandwidth.
Qrxlevmin
Minimum required RX level in the cell

(dBm).
Qrxlevminoffset
Offset to the signaled Qrxlevmin taken into

account in the Srxlev evaluation as a result
of a periodic search for a higher priority
PLMN while camped normally in a visited
PLMN.
Pcompensation
max (PEMAX - PUMAX, 0), where PEMAX is the

maximum allowed power configured by
higher layers.
PUMAX
RF output power of the UE (dBm) according

to the UE power class (this may vary
depending on allowed tolerances).
Page162
Contents
Page163
SC-FDMA Subcarrier Mapping

Concept
Time Domain
Frequency Domain
Time Domain
0
0
0
0
Symbols
DFT
Subcarrier
Mapping
IDFT
0
0
0
Page164
CP
Insertion
SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Page165
SC-FDMA and the eNB
Page166
Contents
Page167
SC-FDMA vs. OFDMA
Feature
SC-FDMA
OFDMA
Low PAPR
Performance
Uplink MIMO
Page168
Contents
Page169
Uplink LTE Physical Channels
Page170
PRACH (Physical Random Access

Channel)
Page171
PRACH Guard Period
Page172
Random Access Preamble

Parameters
Preamble
Format
Allocated
Subframes
TSEQ
(Ts)
TCP
(Ts)
TCP (s)
TGT
(Ts)
TGT
(s)
Max.
Delay
Spread
(s)
Max Cell
Radius
(km)
24576
3168
103.125
2976
96.875
5.208
14.531
24576
21024
684.375
15840
515.625
16.666
77.344
49152
6240
203.125
6048
196.875
5.208
29.531
49152
21024
684.375
21984
715.625
16.666
102.65
4 (TDD)
Special
Frame
4096
448
14.583
576
18.75
16.666
4.375
Page173
PRACH FDD Formats
Page174
PRACH Configuration
RB 24
839
Subcarriers
1.25kHz
(6RBs)
Subframe
0
Subframe
1
C
P
Subframe
2
ZC
RB 0
Page175
PRACH Configuration Index

PRACH
Configuration
Index
Preamble
Format
System
Frame
Number
Subframe
Number
Even
Even
Even
Any
Any
Any
Any
1, 6
Any
2 ,7
Any
3, 8
Any
1, 4, 7
10
Any
2, 5, 8
11
Any
3, 6, 9
12
Any
0, 2, 4, 6, 8
13
Any
1, 3, 5, 7, 9
14
Any
0, 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, 7, 8, 9
15
Even
63
Even
Page176
PRACH Configuration and Preamble

Sequences per Cell
l
Constant amplitude
Autocorrelation
Cross correlation
Page177
PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared

Channel)
PDSCH
Symbol
Mapping
Page178
Multiplexing Control Signaling
Page179
Uplink Carrier Bandwidth
PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control

Channel)
Page180
Contents
Page181
FDD Timing
Page182
Example of TDD Configuration 2
Page183
Contents
2.21 HARQ Operation
Page184
Uplink Reference Signals
Page185
Demodulation Reference Signal

l
Sequence length - This is part of the uplink allocation.
Sequence Groups (0-29) - This is cell specific.
Sequence - Each group contains one sequence for each length

up to 5 PRB, and two sequences for each length from 6PRB.
12 Cyclic Shift options.
Page186
DRS Sequence Group Selection
Page187
12 Subcarriers
PUSCH DRS
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Slot
Slot
Subframe
Page188
12 Subcarriers
PUSCH DRS (Extended CP)
Page189
Requirement for SRS
Page190
SRS Frequency Hopping
Page191
SRS Allocation
SRS Symbol
Subframe
Page192
Contents
2.21 HARQ Operation
Page193
PUCCH Formats
PUCCH
Format
Description
Modulation
Type
Bits per
subframe
Scheduling Request
N/A
N/A
1a
ACK/NACK
BPSK
QPSK
QPSK
20
QPSK+BPSK
21
QPSK+QPSK
22
ACK/NACK+SR
1b
ACK/NACK
ACK/NACK+SR
CQI/PMI or RI
(CQI/PMI or RI)+ACK/NACK
(Extended CP only)
2a
(normal CP only)
2b
(normal CP only)
Page194
PUCCH Format 1
l
Information is carried by the presence/absence of transmission

of PUCCH from the UE.
UE is assigned a resource index which indicates a resource every

nth frame that can be used to transmit a SR (Scheduling
Request).
The size of PUCCH format 1 is 0bits
Page195
PUCCH Format 2a and 2b

ACK/NACK Coding
l
They are bit scrambled by a UE specific scrambling sequence.
The initialization of the scrambling sequence generator is the

same as that of the PUSCH.
BPSK (2a) or QPSK (2b) modulation for the 2nd RS symbol in

each slot is used. This carries ACK/NACK.
Format 2a: QPSK CQI + BPSK ACK/NACK
Format 2b: QPSK CQI + QPSK ACK/NACK
Page196
Contents
2.21 HARQ Operation
Page197
LTE Random Access Procedure
Page198
Random Access RRC Signaling

Procedure
UE
eNB
Page199
PRACH Probing
PRACH
Power
Control
Page200
Parameters for Random Access

Parameter
Description
PRACH-ConfigInfo
This contains: prach-ConfigIndex, highSpeedFlag,

zeroCorrelationZoneConfig and prach-FreqOffset
ra-ResponseWindowSize
Random access response window size in subframes

(sf2, sf3, sf4, sf5, sf6, sf7, sf8 or sf10)
powerRampingStep
Power ramping factor (dB0, dB2,dB4 or dB6)
preambleTransMax
Maximum number of preamble transmission (n3, n4,

n5, n6, n7, n8, n10, n20, n50, n100 or n200)
preambleInitialReceivedTargetPower Initial preamble power (-120, -118, -116, -114, -112,

-110, -108, -106, -104, -102, -100, -98, -96, -94, -92
or -90 dBm)
DELTA_PREAMBLE
Preamble format based offset
maxHARQ-Msg3Tx
Maximum number of Msg3 HARQ transmissions (1

to 8)
mac-ContentionResolutionTimer
Contention Resolution Timer (sf8, sf16, sf24, sf32,

sf40, sf48, sf56 or sf64)
numberOfRA-Preambles
Number of preambles used (n4, n8, n12, n16 ,n20,

n24, n28, n32, n36, n40, n44, n48, n52, n56, n60 or
n64)
sizeOfRA-PreamblesGroupA
Number of preambles assigned to group A (n4, n8,

n12, n16 ,n20, n24, n28, n32, n36, n40, n44, n48,
n52, n56 or n60)
messagePowerOffsetGroupB
Part of the power equation to identify which group

to use (minusinfinity, dB0, dB5, dB8, dB10, dB12,
dB15, or dB18)
messageSizeGroupA
Part of the size equation to identify which group to

use (b56, b144, b208, b256},
ra-PreambleIndex
The preamble to use as parted of dedicated

configuration (0 to 63)
ra-PRACH-MaskIndex
The resource to use as parted of dedicated

configuration (0 to 15)
Page201
Random Access Response Window
Page202
MAC Random Access Response
Page203
Uplink Transmission
Page204
MAC Contention Resolution
Page205
Contents
2.21 HARQ Operation
Page206
Uplink Power Control
Page207
Power Control Calculations

l
PUSCH Power Control:
PPUSCH (i ) = min{ PCMAX , 10 log10 ( M PUSCH (i )) + PO_PUSCH ( j ) + ( j ) PL + TF (i ) + f (i )}

l
PUCCH Power Control:

PPUCCH (i ) = min {PCMAX , P0_PUCCH + PL + h (nCQI , n HARQ ) + F_PUCCH (F ) + g (i )}
PRACH Power Control:
PPRACH = min{ PCMAX , PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER + PL} dBm
Page208
Contents
2.21 HARQ Operation
Page209
Paging Issues
Page210
DRX Reception of Paging
Page211
Paging Frame
FDD Subframe Patterns
Ns
PO when
i_s=0
PO when
i_s=1
PO when
i_s=2
PO when
i_s=3
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Page212
Paging Frame
TDD Subframe Patterns
Ns
PO when
i_s=0
PO when
i_s=1
PO when
i_s=2
PO when
i_s=3
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Page213
Contents
2.21 HARQ Operation
Page214
ARQ vs. HARQ
Page215
Basic Concepts of SAW
Page216
HARQ Parallel Processes
Page217
HARQ Methods
Page218
HARQ in LTE
FDD HARQ Processes
Page219
HARQ in LTE
TDD HARQ Processes
TDD UL/DL Configuration
Maximum Number of HARQ Processes
10
12
15
Page220
HARQ in the Downlink

l
Asynchronous adaptive HARQ.
Uplink ACK/NAKs in response to downlink (re)transmissions are

sent on PUCCH or PUSCH.
PDCCH signals the HARQ process number and if it is a

transmission or retransmission.
Retransmissions are always scheduled through PDCCH.
Page221
HARQ in the Uplink

l
Synchronous HARQ.
Maximum number of retransmissions configured per UE (as

opposed to per Radio Bearer).
Downlink ACK/NAKs in response to uplink (re)transmissions are

sent on PHICH.
Page222
Uplink HARQ Operation

HARQ
feedback seen
by the UE
PDCCH seen by
the UE
UE behaviour
ACK or NACK
New Transmission
New transmission according to PDCCH
ACK or NACK
Retransmission
Retransmission according to PDCCH

(adaptive retransmission)
ACK
None
No (re)transmission, keep data in HARQ

buffer and a PDCCH is required to resume
retransmissions
NACK
None
Non-adaptive retransmission
Page223
Contents
2.21 HARQ Operation
Page224
SU-MIMO and MU-MIMO
Page225
Transmission Modes
l
Mode 1 - Single-Antenna transmission, port 0, no MIMO.
Mode 2 - Transmit diversity.
Mode 3 - Transmit diversity or with Large Delays CDD is used.
Mode 4 - Transmit diversity or Closed-loop spatial multiplexing.
Mode 5 - Transmit diversity or multi user MIMO (more than one

UE is assigned to the same resource block).
Mode 6 - Transmit diversity or closed loop precoding for

rank=1 (i.e. no spatial multiplexing, but precoding is used).
Mode 7 - Single-antenna port, port 5 (beamforming).
Page226
Spatial Multiplexing MIMO
Page227
Spatial Multiplexing Interference

Issues
Page228
MIMO Single Stream
Page229
Efficiency
Adaptive MIMO Switching
Page230
Spatial Multiplexing in LTE

PDSCH Processing
Antenna
Ports
Codewords
Scrambling
Modulation
Mapper
Resource
Element
Mapper
OFDM
Signal
Generation
Scrambling
Modulation
Mapper
Resource
Element
Mapper
OFDM
Signal
Generation
Page231
Codebook Based Precoding

Codebook Index
Number of Layers
1
1 1
2 1
1 1

2 1
1 1 1
2 1 1
1 1

2 j
1 1 1
2 j j
1 1

2 j
1 1 0
2 0 1
Page232
Feedback Reporting
Page233
4bit CQI Table

CQI Index
Modulation
Code Rate x 1024
Efficiency
out of range
QPSK
78
0.1523
QPSK
120
0.2344
QPSK
193
0.3770
QPSK
308
0.6016
QPSK
449
0.8770
QPSK
602
1.1758
16QAM
378
1.4766
16QAM
490
1.9141
16QAM
616
2.4063
10
64QAM
466
2.7305
11
64QAM
567
3.3223
12
64QAM
666
3.9023
13
64QAM
772
4.5234
14
64QAM
873
5.1152
15
64QAM
948
5.5547
Page234
Questions
l
Which protocol performs air interface ciphering and integrity?

a. PDCP.
b. RLC.
c. MAC.
d. PHY.
Page235
Questions
l
True / False. All System Information messages are transferred

on the BCH.
Page236
Questions
l
How many symbols are there in a slot when a normal CP is

used?
a. 5.
b. 6.
c. 7.
d. 8.
Page237
Questions
l
What is the maximum number of codewords that LTE can use?

a. 1.
b. 2.
c. 3.
d. 4.
Page238
Questions
l
How many symbols are in a slot when operating with a normal

CP?
a. 6
b. 7
c. 8
d. 9
Page239
Questions
l
How many physical cell identities are there?

a. 168
b. 256
c. 504
d. 512
Page240
Questions
l
How many REG make up a CCE?

a. 6
b. 7
c. 8
d. 9
Page241
Questions
l
Which DCI Format is used to allocate uplink resources?

a. DCI Format 0
b. DCI Format 1
c. DCI Format 1a
d. DCI Format 1b
Page242
Questions
l
What is the TTI for the MIB?

a. 1ms
b. 10ms
c. 40ms
d. 80ms
Page243
Questions
l
How many PRACH sequences are on each cell?

a. 64
b. 128
c. 256
d. 512
Page244
Questions
l
How many HARQ processes are used in the downlink?

a. 4
b. 6
c. 8
d. 10
Page245
Thank you
www.huawei.com

1 - OEA000100 LTE Air Interface ISSUE 1.03 PDF

Transféré par

Informations du document

Titre original

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

1 - OEA000100 LTE Air Interface ISSUE 1.03 PDF

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

LTE Air Interface

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Evolution of Cellular Networks

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

First Generation Mobile Systems

AMPS (Advanced Mobile Telephone System)

TACS (Total Access Communications System)

ETACS (Extended Total Access Communications System)

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Second Generation Mobile Systems

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

2.5G and 2.75G GSM/GPRS

Typical Data Rate

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Third Generation Mobile Systems

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Fourth Generation Mobile Systems

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Release 8 - HSPA+ and LTE

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Release 9 and Beyond

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Radio Interface Techniques

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Frequency Division Multiple Access

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Time Division Multiple Access

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Code Division Multiple Access

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Orthogonal Frequency Division

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

GSM 900 (P-GSM)

GSM 900 (E-GSM)

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

UMTS TDD Frequency Bands

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

LTE Release 8 Bands

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Carrier Frequency EARFCN

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

LTE Transport Channel Processing

Transport Block CRC Attachment

Code Block Concatenation

Additional Layer 1 Processes

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.