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Fluoroquinolone residues are everywhere. They are ubiquitous in meat, water, milk, honey, soil, etc.
Fluoroquinolone residues get into our water through human and animal waste. The drugs are excreted
through the urine and feces of those who take them, and the drug residues get into our water supply.
Animal waste (manure) containing fluoroquinolone residues are also used as fertilizers. Large
quantities of fluoroquinolone carboxylic acid (FQCA) derivatives are applied as antibacterial agents in
large-scale animal husbandry. Important quantities are transported to agricultural areas by means of
liquid manure. (source) Fluoroquinolone molecules are spread throughout our soil, and get into our
food, both through the use of that contaminated feces as fertilizer, and through livestock excreting onto
the ground.
Fluoroquinolones not only hurt the animals (including humans) that they are directly administered to
causing multi-symptom illness that includes destruction of tendons, cartilage, muscles, nerves, etc., they
also harm the soil that they end up in the earth.
Soil is rich with biodiversity. There are many strains of bacteria, viruses and fungi in soil. Some of these
bacteria, viruses and fungi are dangerous to animals, but most are not. Most are helpful to all forms of
life. The soil microbiome is as important to soil (earth) as the human microbiome is to humans. The
microbiome within each human contains ten times the number of cells of the human himself/herself. A
healthy human microbiome is necessary for immune system health, mental health, digestive system
functionality, etc. Our bacteria, both the good and the bad, are part of us and they work symbiotically
with us. Without the bacteria in our microbiome, we would die.
The importance of the soil microbiome for various ecosystem services such as nutrient
cycling, soil fertility, degradation of pollutants, and plant growth promotion is well
recognized. However, antibiotics introduced into agricultural fields via manure might alter
the ability of soil microbes to fulfill crucial ecosystem services, changing the diversity and
activity of key functional groups by enhancing antibiotic resistant populations while
decreasing the abundance of sensitive populations in soils. (source)
Introducing powerful, man-made, antibiotics to the soil can have hugely deleterious effects on the soil.
Somewhat counter intuitively, when soil is exposed to antibiotics, the dangerous pathogens within the
soil adapt and propagate while the good bacteria that keep them in check are killed filling the soil with
the stronger, pathogenic bacteria and eliminating the helpful bacteria. A study published in PLOS One
entitled Dynamics of Soil Bacterial Communities in Response to Repeated Application of Manure
Containing Sulfadiazine notes that, The amendment of soil with SDZ (antibiotic filled) manure resulted
in a significantly increased relative abundance of numerous Gram-negative and Gram-positive taxa such
as Devosia, Shinella, Stenotrophomonas, Clostridium, Peptostreptococcus, Leifsonia, Gemmatimonas,
suggesting that the presence of SDZ provided a selective advantage for these taxa. SDZ, sulfadiazine,
a sulfa antibiotic, is the antibiotic used in the experiment. It is not a fluoroquinolone antibiotic. A similar
experiment has not yet been done regarding the effects of fluoroquinolones on soil. The 2014 study
notes that, The present study is the first to explore the influence of veterinary antibiotics entering soil via
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manure on the diversity and abundance of Acidobacteria. However, it should be noted that
fluoroquinolones are used frequently in animal husbandry.
FLUOROQUINOLONES
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The earth is badly contaminated with antibiotics being excreted from livestock. The microbiome of the
soil has been disturbed because of the rampant, foolish use of antibiotics in livestock.
Though fluoroquinolones are not the most commonly used antibiotics in agriculture, they are used. And
as bacteria become more resistant to commonly used antibiotics, more powerful antibiotics, like
fluoroquinolones, are likely to increase in popularity. The earth is already floxed, with fluoroquinolone
residues found in meat, water, milk, honey, soil, etc. The microbiome of the earth is being disturbed by
fluoroquinolone, and other, antibiotics.
The scorched earth policy of killing all bacteria with antibiotics is foolish and short sighted. The goal
should be a balanced microbiome, with good bacteria keeping bad bacteria in check. When antibiotics
are used, pathogenic bacteria are made stronger, while the good bacteria that naturally keep them in
check are extinguished. This is true both within each human microbiome, and throughout the earth
especially in the soil. Professor Michael Schloter, also notes that,
The increase in human pathogenic microorganisms in the environment has wide-reaching
consequences for human health. We are in continuous contact with these microorganisms,
and the probability of contracting an infection increases accordingly. This applies
particularly to diseases of the respiratory system and the lungs, as bacteria are spread
through the air and inhaled. Moreover, many of the bacteria are resistant to commonly used
antibiotics, which often makes treatment more difficult. We must therefore urgently develop
a new mindset as regards the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry.
We have entered a vicious cycle of foolish antibiotic use. Antibiotics decimate the microbiome of the
organism (or whatever you want to call soil) that is exposed to them. The surviving bacteria are the
stronger, often more pathogenic, bacteria. These bad bacteria make people and animals sick, and the
microbiome no longer has the good bacteria to fight the pathogenic bacteria. Sick people and animals
take more antibiotics, which the already strengthened bad bacteria have adapted to. Antibiotic resistance
increases. Increasingly dangerous antibiotics, like fluoroquinolones, are used. The cycle continues on
and on, with increasing intensity and damage inflicted.
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Humans often need antibiotics in order to survive bacterial infections. Sometimes the cycle of bacterial
decimation is necessary in order to save a life. However, the use of antibiotics in agriculture is nothing
but foolish. The use of antibiotics in agriculture is, indeed, floxing the earth.
Resources:
PLOS One, Dynamics of Soil Bacterial Communities in Response to Repeated Application of
Manure Containing Sulfadiazine
www.science20.com, Antibiotics In Manure Implicated In Human Pathogenic Bacteria In Soil
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Binding of Fluoroquinolone Carboxylic Acid
Derivatives to Clay Minerals
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About the Author: Lisa Bloomquist was Floxed on her 32nd birthday by Cipro, a fluoroquinolone
antibiotic. After 2 years of battling the mysterious health ailments that come with an adverse reaction to a
fluoroquinolone, she has fought her way back to health. She is now fighting for recognition of the harm
that these drugs can cause and hoping to help those who are suffering from them through their
fluoroquinolone induced illness to find recovery. Her web site, Floxie Hope, highlights stories of hope and
recovery. Mito Madness, also started by Lisa, focuses on the absurdity of ignoring the role of
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