A Presentation on

Android OS
FARHAN SUFYAN
PHD COMPUTER SCIENCE, SAU

Contents

Introduction To Android OS?

History of Android.

Android S/W Stack Architecture.

Android Application Architecture.

Android Application Development Requirement.

Android Application Directory Structure.

Some Basic Examples.

Introduction
What Is Android?

Android is a operating system (OS) developed by Google.

Specifically designed for Mobile Devices.

Android is an open-source project led by Google.

Android OS based on the Linux kernel and runs on the top of LINUX 2.6.

Various device runs on Android are mobile, tablets, watches, microwave, TV etc.

Some facts about Android

Every day more than 1 million new Android devices are activated worldwide.

Android users download more than 1.5 billion apps and games from Google Play
each month.

Google Play is the premier marketplace and an open market place for selling and
distributing Android apps.

Brief History of Android

In 2005 Google acquires Android Inc. to start Android platform.

Android Inc. was founded in Palo Alto, California in October 2003 by Andy Rubin (cofounder of Danger), Rich Miner (co-founder of Wildfire Communications, Inc.), Nick
Sears (once VP at T-Mobile), and Chris White (headed design and interface
development at WebTV).

The early intentions of the company were to develop an advanced operating

system for digital cameras, when it was realized that the market for the devices was
not large enough, and diverted their efforts to producing a smartphone operating
system to rival those of Symbian and Windows Mobile.

Different Versions of Android till date

Brief Introduction of Different Version

Version 1.0

Released in September 2008

Web Browser, Camera support, Search, Maps, Service sync, Instant messaging, Media service etc.

Version 1.1

Released in February 2009

Map improvement, Saving Attachment etc.

Version 1.5

Released in April 2009.

Code name Cupcake.

Improved Video support, Home screen, Widgets, Copy/Paste in Web Browser etc.

Version 1.6

Released in September 2009.

Code name Donut.

Integrate Camera/Galley.

Brief Introduction of Different

Version(contd..)

Version 2.0

Released in October 2009.

Code name clair.

Multiple Google accounts, Bluetooth 2.1, supported more screen sizes etc.

Version 2.2

Released in May 2010.

Code name Donut.

Increases OS speed, efficient memory management, USB tethering, Wi-Fi Hotspots.

Version 2.3

Released in December 2010.

Code name Gingerbread.

Audio and Video Improvement, NFC support.

Brief Introduction of Different

Version(contd..)

Version 3.0

Released in February 2011.

Code name Honeycomb.

Specifically optimized for tablets and develops apps only for tablets.

Version 4.0

Released in December 2011.

Code name Ice Cream Sandwich.

Unified Honeycomb and Gingerbread.

Version 4.1

Released in July 2012.

Code name Jelly Bean.

Performance improvement, Camera improvement, Improved gaming graphics etc.

Brief Introduction of Different

Version(contd..)

Version 4.4

Released in October 2013.

Code name still Jelly Bean.

Improved Memory and Power management etc.

Version 5.0

Released in November 2014.

Code name Lollipop.

This version is for big and small screens.

On more than your phone and tablet, Android powers your watch, your TV and even
your car.

Android Architecture
In addition to OS, Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications.

Android Architecture

Android Relying on Linux Kernel 2.6 for core system services like

Memory and Process Management.

Power management.

Driver Set for interfacing with different hardware etc.

Providing an abstraction layer between the H/W and the rest of the S/W stack

Android Architecture

Android Runtime include

Dalvik Virtual machine

Providing environment on which every Android application runs.

Each Android application runs in its own process, with its own instance of the Dalvik VM.

Dalvik has been written such that a device can run multiple VMs efficiently

Runs replaces JVM in Android

DVM is highly optimized for mobile devices.

Executing the byte code called Dalvik Executable (.dex) format.

Relying on the Linux Kernel for:

Threading.

Low-level memory management.

Libraries

Providing most of the functionality available in the core libraries of the Java language

APIs for Data Structures, Utilities, File Access, Network Access, Graphics etc.

Libraries are Expandable and can be extended by mobile device maker.

Application Architecture

Application framework

Contain all the modules for controlling the different components of your apps like

Activity manager

Represent the screen user sees.

Content providers

For managing data and move that data between apps,

Application Architecture

Applications

Every Android Device has some apps.

Apps can be downloaded from Play store or you can also build app by yourself.

Android provides a set of core applications:

Email Client

SMS Program

Calendar

Maps

Browser

Contacts

All applications are written using the Java language.

Application architecture

Four major components of application

Activity - represent user Interface screen.

Widgets - manage display and user interactivity.

Services perform background jobs.

Broadcast receivers can react to system messages by OS or other Apps

Each component is implemented as Java class.

Android Application Development

Requirements

Set Up Your Android Application Development Environment.

Operating Systems

Windows XP (32-bit), Vista (32- or 64-bit), or Windows 7 (32- or 64-bit)

Mac OS X 10.8.5 or later

Linux

64-bit distribution capable of running 32-bit applications

GNU C Library (glibc) 2.11 or later is required.

Install Java JDK 6.

Install Eclipse.

Install Android SDK (Android libraries).

Install ADT plugin (Android development tools) in Eclipse.

Create AVD (Android virtual device).

Android Application Directory

Structure

Hello world example Android

Application

Kilometer to Meter Converter

Video App

File Upload on Server App

Thank You