Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
POLITICAL OEGANIZATION
OF CHINA
BY
H.
S.
Bkuxnekt and
Hagelstkom
V. V.
STUDENT-INTERPRETERS OF THE
IMPERIAL RUSSIAN LEGATION, PEIPING
REVISED BY
N. Th.
KOJ.E88UFF
S>"'^TIO>r
BY
A.
H.l.lt.M.
E. E.
OF THE
HELT.CHKNKO
iMOKAN,
Ph. H. (yale)
TSTOMS SEKVICE
Sole Distributors
I'ARAiinv niiuK
liAi.i.iinY
New
York, N. Y.
U.S.A.
J ^
1^0 3
/
LIBRARY
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
SANTA BARBARA
111)
TRANSLATORS" NOTE.
C/X^
Since
the
issue
of
the
original
Political
Organization of China," in
changes
have
esuiblishments
been
effected
in
edition
May,
China's
been
of
the
"Present
Day
11)10,
government system.
Many
such
Grand
abolished,
as
the
Metj6i"s.
Day
Political
The
translation
thanks to Mr. H.
with
the
original
S.
Brunnert,
text,
and
A.
E.
I'Jll.
to
BELTCHENKO.
MORAN.
PREFACE
"
it
The
has
affected
various
an
China haa
branches of
"
An
so intense that
making way
to China from other
become
of late
the
most
is
gradually
countries.
it
ment organization.
The system
degrees, held periodically, existing long since, was abolished, and the
is now occupied in the organization of a net of schools,
where the younger generation may study sciences as in Europe, America
Grovernment
and Japan.
"
There
is
lines
carried out a
scheme
is
being
by
bit,
every means
is
striving by
"
The population
is
has been
government and an assembly of the people
be
to
beginning
government
deliberative
organization,
the
for
called,
in the
discussion
of
affairs.
Government
means
and improvement of
and commerce, the
its
measures
phenomenon,
historically
is
materializing
centralization
a practice of
of
and irresponsible master and ruler, to the Central Government appertaining a general supervision and the right of appointment of
At the same time there is observed on the
provincial officials only.
was
full
its
thf>
"
Although
all
organization
of
the
Many
country.
institutions
on
entirely abohshed, others have been re-organized
new
have been
lines,
while
"For everyone
attentively
all
interested
in
the
and following
life
of
it is,
China,
*'
rAdministration," by P.
Hoang
concerning the
'*
is
Melanj;:es sur
" Varietes
(from series
Sinologkiues/')
exposition,
much
gives
information
politicjil organization of
sources chiefly.
"It
in
first
is
to
189(1
regretted that
l)e
and hence
obsolete
l)(^th
their use
1902, are
now
largely
in
in
Admiuistnitiou of
Chinese
the
1908, a masterpiece in
all
we regret
W.
to say,
Empire,"
by
is
"
The articles " Pekinger Zentralregierung," by Dr. Hauer, and
"
" Die Provianzial
behorden," by Dr. Betz, in Mittheilungen des Seminars
fiir
Orientalisclie
an der
Spraclien
L'niversitat zu Berlin,
Friedrich-Wilhelms-
Koniglichen
wo
j^icture of the
administrative
are, so far as
Jahrgang XII,"
draw a general
" In
P. 8.
Russia
our
venerable
and
respected
all
sinologue.
movements
in
Professor
permit that part of which we are speaking to escape him and in his
work " Government Organization of China and Branches of Administration," St. Petersburg, 1903, Supplement, St.
Petersburg, r.ioO, in a
students
Petersburg
of
University)
ia
Languages Section
Oriental
the
made
acquainted
with
the
of
the
St.
government
"
the
On
insufficiency
of
the
information
supplied
(for
those
who
arc
of
"As
result
of
who not
only
we
grateful thanks.
it
Hia Excellency
Korostovetz, Imperial Russian Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, to whose keen interest and moral
support the issue of this volume is greatly due."
J.
J.
H.
V.
Peking,
28^/i
March, 1910.
BRUNNERT.
HAGELSTROM.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
PARS
PART
Metroiwlitan
The
The
of the
Blood
10
10
11
13
35
3i>
40
41
43
46.
47
Refjency
Parliament
Council of State
Grand
Committee
of Ministers
Committee
for
Drawijij^
Government
------
for Revising
Codes
Commission
Army
in
charge
of the
52
Naval Council
Commission
Provincial Assemblies
Banner Organization
Na\y and
Construction
of
of
the
59
61
the
-
G4
68
68
Imperial
Hiatoriographical Commission
71
7f^
75
79
82
70
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
PART
nnilinued.
page
The
PART
: Ministries
II
85
86
88
....
(Boards).
97
104
114
-115
Ministry of Finance
118
Ministry of Rites
124
Ministry of Education
-131
War
Ministry of
Ministiy of Justice
Ministry of Dependencies
Police
38
157
160
167
167
172
and Communications
Ministry of Posts
--147
'
152
.4.
Metropolitan Police
B.
Provincial Police
--173
Local Self-government
174
Oeneral Census
185
Police Schools
Committee
of the
Branch
Empire
Offices of the
Committee
Head
for the
Reorganization of
-
-
Empire
others)
-193
on Native Opium
at the
W^n
Gate
188
Office of the
186
of
Peking
189
194
Ch'ung
195
196
Government Granaries
Financial College
ii
190
97
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
PART
II
page
continued.
-
Imperial Mausolea
Temples.
Metropolitan
Sacrifices.
Buddhism,
198
Taoism,
-211
213
.---__
Universities
Higher Schools
and Shamanism
Education
218
220
233
236
Professional Schools
202
223
.4.
Agric^ultural Schools
y>.
238
C.
Commercial Schools
-----------------._.
------
241
T).
243
-253
2G6
Normal Schools
Special Schools
246
Administration of Schools
273
278
Land Forces
Public Libraries
A.
Military
Lu Chiin
Ranks
or
Reviews of Troops
285
285
289
301
309
-312
Committees
for Drilling
Military Prisons
Troops
283
Military Schools
iJanner Forces
303
306
307
323
337
-----
341
Ofliix* of
-,
Government Droves
348
344
34(5
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
PART
II
contrimed.
page
A.
Shen
346
B.
353
C.
Prisons
P'aii
Commerce
Colonization
Piailways
PART
III
854
357
355
369
^72
373
A.
Higher Administration
}j.
Local
395
395.
Prefectures,
(of
The Dependencies
A.
B.
C.
of the
Empire
Sub-
433.
439.
441
442-
377
384
"
Administration of " Native
Districts
Eastern Turkestan
Administration
prefectures,
Mongolia
K'uk'unor (Kokouor)
Tibet and the Lamaist Hierarchy
425
46a
"465
PART IV : Appendix.
Specially
Deputed
Officials
Honorary Titles
-
Decorations
The Government
Service
481
484
490,-
--------Titles
of
-
Supplement.
Alphabetical Index of Chinese Characters.
Sources of Information.
[
iv
Honour
Posthumous
-
49^
497
-49^
504
PAKT
THE
MPE
K O E
AND THE
IMPEKIAL COURT
METROPOLITAN GOVERNMENT
ESTABLISHMENTS
(mixistkies excepted)
THE
EMPEROR AND THE IMPERIAL COURT.
^^
The
I'^iniievor.
Ordinaiy designation,
_t Huang' Shang'; J: Shang'. Title of respect,
Son of Heaven.
T'ien' Tz^^
the
Popular appellation,
Tang^ Chin' Fo' ^'ch^ the Ruddiia of the present
1g
1.
Huanjj' Ti',
^ ^
^S^
day.
Also
Chu',
the
Wan*
Sui*
Hsia*,
Your Majesty
Atigiist Master, or
beneath
(literally,
hitnst^lf
designates
jr Shong*
addresses,
Yeh*, Lord of
\isuallv
Em])eror
In
I^ord.
the
^ ^^
Pi*
^^ ~f
footstool).
by the term J^
The
(.'hr-n*,
1,
We.
symbol
the
of
Lmperor's
H^
Emperor
is
styled
in
dignity
'hina
is
fj|
Dragon
for instance,
Since
in
China
tlie-
tenth of
He is
House, has reigned sincn the 22nd .January, 1909.
and
is
Hsiian'
the
his reign as
$jc
T'ung^
nephe-w
His real name,
of the late Emperor
Ivuang' Hsii'.
this
^
^^
known from
P'm'
T-,
ceased to exist
foi
^^
liis
sMbjciM-
(mi
ilic
day he asecnided
the throiie,
lA.
Tsou'.
the Heir
tb"'
lEMWl'': ri
Apparent
scr
Nu. 10
V.V Ch'ing*
'i^^^'i*
\
v;.
(J^
J
i\
Ch'ing
This expression refers
'!'.'(&
J
Kang' Hsing
I'alace (Palace of
Shou''
to
Huang* Ti'
to
^^
q
K
which duty
Tu'^), for
it is
most worthy
to appoint the
customary
the Empire.
officials of
Tims,
as tutors of the
|^ Kuang
Emperor
Grand Secretary
|gj ^>Weng^ T'ung-^-ho^ (deceased
Sun^ Chia'-nai*
in 1904), and the late Grand Secretary J^
(deceased in November, 1909).
The instruction of the reigning Emperor has been entrusted,
;;)^
Assistant
^^
^^
Grand Secretary (^
^^
Lu^^ Jun'*-hsiaiig%
^ ig Ch'en^ Pao'-ch'on',
a Ministry) g^
General
^ j^
f^
ffl
The
K'o'*-t'an^.
;,'id
latter
fg
^-
Huang^
Yii^ C:h'ing'
is
The Empress.
Ilou*,
specially entrusted
Literary designa-
tion, t\t
of
(^
'^ Jn
Kuo*
Vice-President (of
Deputy Lieutenant-
State.
When
there
are
two
^^
^^
Empresses
one
is
they
are
styled J^ '^
distinguished
Tung^ Kung\
Emperor.
titles
Also
the
M.i^J^ Huang2
Empress
Hsii*
of a deceased
Eniproiss
i^ B.
XB
Dowager.
"l^"'"'
This
Empress Dowager;
Emperor.
title
of
T'ai*
Huang^
Hon*,
||[
Kuang'
|^f
Lung*
the
Great
^
^
respect, as
the
^ ^ Ku.mg'
Emperor
Hsii^,
Emperor
No.
{see
to
the preceding
^g
tiie
of
Empress
4).
^ ^ ^B
may be advanced by
6.
in
Huang'
birth to a
first
rank
may
be raised to
Empress Consort.
the position of
"
Empress Consort
the
son,
^ iE
^^"'i'
Fei',
Kank.
8.
9.
^ Fei\
^
J 'in'.
10.
;^
11.
[ Ta
'^'^i^ci*
Concubine of the
Jen^, Imperial
Fifth
Rank
Attendants of
the.
Ying'-'
ff^
Ch'ang^ Tsai^ Female
These may be elevated to the rank
and
Emperor.
of concubine.
f|^
Women
of
the
^^
T'ai^
Heir Apparent.
designation,
j^
Huang*
Also called
tfr
Shih^ T/u',
Tzu' or
^ f^ Huang' Clru', p fj
Ch'ii'
T'ai*
Tzu',
literary
Cluing and
^^
Tung^ Kung'.
I'^mperors of the reigning dynasty,
j)resiuuably
fearing the
a general
rule
following
tliat
the
of
the
Exceptions
Finperor.
Emperor
[
^',J';
J
Mi'^
to
this
may
be
Tsung' (1HG2-
13
if.
^ Te* Tsung'
to
Tsai').
16
13.
^f:
conversation
(1875-1908) were of
great, eldest,
jg
BB
Ti.
Ch'in^
l"*-
Emperor.
Wang',
^ i Kung'
This
is
literary designation,
^^
Wang^
Ti^ or
of an
Daughter
Ku'
Princesses born to an Empress are called [^ "^ 5^
Lun' Kung' Chu' (from the Manchu word G urun, the equivalent
of me Chinese Kuo, meaning State); those born to Imperial
^^'^'^ She^ Kung
Chu^ (from
Concubines are called ^U 5^
Si
the
Manchu
word
%\\i
lloshe,
menning
titles after
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9-
10.
,|jf
of the
,||
Princess (in
Fu* Ma^).
Imperial
P)-incesses, their
Imperial
appanage).
marriage.
fi^
K'l'
<^'lnin^
BIS
Blood of the
Ch'In'
first
degree.
Prince
of
the
This
17.
^^
21)
following, are
as the eleven
title, as well
i.e.
To'
conferred on
T.o-
Chiin*
f^^''
t'eii
Prince
Wang^
of
the
^^H
WJ
'1'<^'
LeS Prince
of
the
Blood
Blood of the
2<J-
45
fourili degn^e.
Bm
iifth
^'^"^* 1^"'
*^^^^""*
^"^"'
Knng', Prince
Kuo='
Kung', Prince
degree.
^ B ii S
\W
t'eng^
Fu^
^ A /"V^
fel
13
1*"'
^"'
I'a'
Chen* Kuo
^''^"'
:^
\A
'^ ^i
B ^
I'"'
Fu
Kuo'^
M^M /^^
2'i.
ninth
of the
^ Trng^.
25.
^^'^ ^
Kno' Chiang'
Chen-*
Chiin',
This
rank.
title
Noble of
is
of three
classes,
Imperial
classes,
26.
of
lineagi,'
Kuo-^ Chiang'
Fii'
tho
rank.
tenth
Chiin',
This
title
Noble of the
is
of
three
''"'ig^.
Imperial lineage
IHJ
of
^ Trng'.
27^ ^
thr>
classes,
.S.
W-
^'''"S* T^-"^
27a.
5i
'"^'"'ff's
sixth
the
Princes of
titles
^ [^
^ g
I'li^
Ch"ii*
fifth
and
(State).
[
Blood of the
17
^q
27a
PKEflENT
The
27b
distinction
:^
title
of
first six
2.
The wearing
The wearing
3.
The wearing
The presence
of a purple button,
of the three-eyed peacock feather,
dress,
4.
their residences,
5.
The attachment
6.
The
7.
The using
lea-pot (carried
by a
special
The
seating themselves.
^ in
titles
1^
Chen*
Kuo', Guarding
the
by the
the
(State), and
,g[
Feng* tn\
The above-mentioned
By
titles
Imperial Favour.
{see
Nos.
16
to
a.
27)
are
^^
Pei^
An
H^^
with Right of
Perpetual Inheritance (for instance, the eldest son
of the Princes
Ch'un'^
Kvmgi and
Ch'ing* succeeds to
father's
rank).
The
27b.
Imperial
titles
following
table
shows the
method
in
which
fi
B
z
too
^^
if
a.
A
3
sO <
9i
o
J5
s.
3
ii
o*
OfHe:
z
s
2i.
a.
i>
E J"
O '
.
iitS
o
ii
tl
<^
5r*
-^
n
s
be
c:
Ml
'C
_*
Ei!
.09
B.
Cl.
s
o
It
^53
i;
o
-A
'A
a
4
H
Id
bo
ov.
o
a
c
o
o
p
A.
t
t
j:
i^
u,
<J5
s
o
U.
8
c
8
a
C
0.
,o
-a
28.
28
to
first
Sliih-^
:f
-jg-
of!
title
of
is
A^ Ko*.
Pfjf |^
of
a
of
Prince
the
Blood of
Son
29.
-^
Chang^ Tzu^
the second degree (see No. 17).
Designated thus until the title
Prince
is
The
attained.
folloquial designation
of
Prince
The
attained.
is
colloquial
is
designation
Pijf
|g.
A^ Ko^
30.
H5
Chiiti''
No.
^>^
31.
Chu^ Daughter
Msien*
32.
115
m^
Biood of the
Prince
Priu. e of
{.-ee
the
Blood
Prince of the
ChiirP, Daughtei' of a
fifth (oi-
Ko^
Nos. 30
of
tiie
Ko\
thus
are designated,
in
colloquial
usage, the
follows
Hsiiaug'
^ ^
3o,
degrees
of
No. 19).
^5
Blood
No. 17).
34.
tlie
16).
Chu^
of a Piince of
to
They
34).
first six
ffl
5g
Blood of the
IS- Wt)2
first
She^ Ko"
KoS Daughter
of a Prince of the
degree,
^M^^
Toi
Lo'^ Ko-t
KoS Daughter
of a
Prince of the
ill IS-
1^"* SJian'
of a Prince of
35a.
^^ Tsung^
Nii',
Daughter
Blood
^m^
37.
f|lj
Blood of the
|g
first
second) degree.-
Ts'e''
a Prsnce of the
^\
38.
Blood of
/[^
Consort of
.loir. l*rime.ss
Hiianji- Tai*
dynasty,
ImiH'rial
Ijijl
^"'''o'
House.
Also
a red gii'dle).
Ilsien^"
founder
aUcd j^
<
^^
? I
:^
Thus
of
Ta'
Pa'
'
the Ma:K"hu
Mao'
Iron
their
in
Emperors
M'
wearitig
T/u-''
Cap
Princely Houses).
descendants of certain of the supporters
tlie
the
conquest
of
r^i''
l)elo\v
tlie tiist
^Vang^
''"'
These
China.
Princes, hy
1-
reigning
Kiuht Great or
Cilia,
are designated
the
No. 39).
TmcI.^
of
They
IPi
Tliey nre
A.D. lo83-l61.).
LoS
(('hiieh')
41.
Tsu,'
T.i
first degi-ee,
of the
first
3.
f^
''"'' (''''"'
Wang2,
.Iiii
degree,
Ji
iBi
3E
"^''i'
^''''i"'
the
first
^^
'^ EE
(fiuiiily
name), IVince of
<''l"'ang' Ch'in'
first deirree,
iff ?jl
j<fj
?E
first
7fi glJ
degree.
SI
y"
Cli'in'
tJI)i^EE Cheng'
Prince of the
7.
^^':"g',
degree,
Prince of the
6.
''^"' (-'li''"'
jfe
i/j
gl>
HE
lli-eiig^ Chiin^
second degree,
tlu^
''^''<''
<'''"'
Oluin*
.-.econd
degree.
33
to
(Also called
'i^/.ii^,
IS
^^^-
Prince of the
Imperial C'lan^nlon.
Sliih',
Mauchu
ii
^ ^ Tsuno;'
'^.^
Fu^
tlie tliii-d
Wang,
KN)
Ch'in
^^
41a
^f^
60
* ^ Tai* Tsung.i
41a. I^M ^
the
is
fii'st
/j||[
I'
The
degree.
Emperors
holder of this
title
of
of perpetual inheritance
Emperor
fl^
^ J^
42.
of the Blood.
in the
following officials
^ ^
43.
Palace
of
Prince's
3a.*
^^
44.
Palace
:^ Ssu'
4a.
MWi
45.
1^'^^
from 3b to 5 b.
^^
46.
Palace
(see
47.
#M
48.
I'ao^
-^ ^<
Bondservants .3r.
I'
U^i^^
49.
of Bondservants
Pao'
4b.
EUNUCHS.
mn^.mf:^^^Um^
50.
Chien^
Hsien^
Kung'
Tien*
Chien*
Tu^
Shih^ Chief
Eunuch.
* Here,
{see
nml
in |iap;r& following,
No. 965).
[
10
official
grade
Sg^;^i^^^iiEf#
51.
51
^^
Sliih*,
Eunuch.
60
^if:<Cgif ^^li^lJ
Eunuch.
Shou' Ling' T'ai^ Chien* Hsien'
Chih Shou' ShiM, Chief of Ofhce of Eunuch Affairs.
53.
i"^;*Cgij^^f^
54.
-^mi^^m^^
54a.
glj
W^
i ir f#
>?C
Eunuch
Affairs.
T'ai^ Chien^
Affairs.
55.
j^
3t Tang',
Chung' Fu*;
r|t f|[
'^
'g*
Iluan' Kuan',
called
collociuiallv
i\
Lao'
TilE
^K
5fi.
(or
Ven' Ko').
mP\
Kung';
}{i
Tsung'
.len'
Fn',
The
Clan Court.
rnij)erial
57
I?oll
or
Genea-
/^ '^ Tsuiig'
Ch'ing'
This
Family
),
ofJicial is
I-iing^ (litcrar}-
of
Controller
Presiding
appointed
frou) the
designation,
the
Luperial
l/gp
Clan
Tsung'
Court.
the Blood.
77c
Controller of
th*-
58.
5'J.
60.
Tsung' Cheng\
Clan
Court.
Im|)erial
^JvfTlE
troller of the
Tso'
jE
"'
"^
Impoial
>J^
sung'
Senioi-
Assistant
C'lan C'ourt.
1^**'
T>Mug'
.It'n'^,
["J
*Q
^^A
61.
Ql
^ "^
Jen^,
Tsiing'
Director
.Tunior
of
the
The
61a.
M^
all filled
(>2.
;?f.
Li*
Chingi
ol
Ssu',
This office
is
64.
are
Imperial Clan
Office
supervised
b}'
of
the
6a.
6'5.
3 a.
Registry
Hegistrars
to 6
.)8
Tso'
66-
{see
No. 39)
in
67.
.')
A.
There
in the First
Sljfi^'g' Fu*
68.
trators
one
in
Li' Shih*
Kuan\
Assistant Adminis-
Second Department
No. 66).
T'ang2 Chu' Shih^ Senior Secretaries; 6a.
Fom- are stationed at the Registry Office (see No. 63), two of
69.
whom
(sec
^^
are Chinese.
69a.
=^
Secretaries
Chu^
both
in
Shih'',
the
First
Secretaries
and
6a.
Second
Departments
(see
Nos. 65 and 66) and one at the Bullion Vaults (see No. 71).
70.
II^-
Pi^ T'ieh'
Shih*,
Clerks.
The number
of
71.
^M
No. 71),
is
not fixed.
1-^
72.
ifJlj'RJ^^I^ I'^'Ja"'
Two of those
Treasurei*s-in-chief.
1^''
K'u* Sliih*
Vin'
\Vu\
72
officials
to
Bullion Vaults.
wg
^^
'^'^-
Court (prison;
lit.
(Jlan
Imperial
empty room).
^ ^ U}
"l-
the
of
I'risoii
K'ung' Fang',
(.--cc
No. 56).
7.').
Wu^
NeiV
/f^
Fu^,
The
Household.
Imperial
is
it
not
included
in
the
list
of Ministries or
" Boards."
'6.
W.'^\^]BJ^
J<^
Ch'en",
To
One
El>
Wu^ Fu'
is
Ta*
not fixed
the
^i^
Two
('hu^
T'ang'
Secretaries
ShihS
of
the
Ministers, and
Numerous
^f;^
[jlJi
The establishment
into 7
departments
(see
the
Imperial
Household
is
Department
Pan*
they
are
called
Ij^
t^
UlJ
f\f
at the
other
Tsung'
I^arig' Clmrig'j,
i
tors
Direct<jrs,
ni> i|
Bullion
divided
3^'
1<1>
Viiair
l:^
3E^
77
Wei'
^ff^H^^
Sliu^
Chu Shih%
W' X^ Pi'
'r'ieh' ^hih*,
and
offices of the
'''*
this
^^ ^
2.
3.
vaults,
i.e.
4.
5.
6.
^ If
If
I^
Store,
Ch'a2 K'uS
Tea
Store.
The administration of these stores is vested in four Department Directors, two of whom ^re designated Iff, *^ /^ J$
Tsung^ Kuan* T^iu* K'u'' Shih* Wu*, Superintendents of the
^^
'
^^3^j^^^
In addition
to the officials
mentioned
in
No. 76 there
is,
for
each of the Imperial Storehouses, an Assistant Department Director, appointed from one of the Ministries ("Boards"), stjled
(taking the Bullion Vaults for an example) i^^|S)^.^fj^ Chien^
She* Yin' K'u* Shih* Wu*, Assistant Superintendent of the
Bullion Vaults.
^ J^
ffj
J^
T^iu*
P'in* Ssu^
^^
K'u*, Controllers of
Wu P'in*
^\^
and /\
Class.
Inspectors,
tJ,
p;j
^ ft
"8.
department
pj
collects rent of
il fR
Ch'u\ OfHce fqr
T*.ou'
Banner property.
H^ ^
78a.
This
0^
^o
collecting rents of
gj
Chang'
cerenmnial
Eunuchs
^^
tiie
1'
Nos. 50 to 55).
{see
attached
Officials
to
the
i@
H
rJ
JJiK
^'"^
B*
of
Department
No, 76, arc
ciemonial,
in
C hn' Kuan',
Readers of
'ravers at Sacrifices,
)|i^
SIS
Tsan'
x^
'g'
Lang^ Heralds,
I.i^
butes,
^ ^^"'
of
the depart-
ment).
p]
pj
Ssii'
Tni^,
of
Supervisors
Preparation
used
the
in
of
[ncense
nmmjfacture of
incense), arid
pJ
^ Ssu'
'I's'-iiaii'',
for Sacrifices.
Also included
79-^-
in
;^^-K"<^
used in saciifiees.
fiiiit
vft^S^M!:
PVuit
fi'J
)fHee,
I^'"'
l'^lng^
Its staff'
l^';i"g'
comprises
and
^ ^l
'""'
Cltang-
Kuo', Assistant
Controllers
of
the
Fruit Office.
7y.
Bureau (or
>/.^^^ Sheng'
\{]
Jff
Smr
I'-ing'
Fii'j,
[
wliii-.h
1='
Shu*.
The
ananges
]
73
(.ourt Theatrical
theatricals in which
^q^
79a
^
gj
EuiiHAhs are
tlie
has at
It
performers.
its
^^
^^
JM
:
Chien* Li' Sheng^ P'ing^ Shu^ Shili* Wu*, Chiefs of the Court
Theatrical Bnrean.
79a.
|fp
attached to
Chapel
Man^
^^
K'un^
This
is
Shamanic
it^
Ning' Kung^
No. 104a), Avhere Eunuchs or ^ll'^^'j^ Sa^ AIo*
.(see
Sa^
^ Office of Shamanism.
Shen'^ Fang-,
tlie
H J^ ^ ^
T'ai* T'ai''),
tlie
Shamanic
I'l'iestesscs,
jjl
[jfe
^^-
Shamanism.
M^'^i
Guard and
the Imperial
detachments.
In this department are found
1.
i^
2.
/\viary,
and
^^
3.
81.
Hu"*
'ji^^flj^
Fang^ The
Shen^
Imperial
Hsing^
Ssu',
all
Hawk
Aviary.
Judicial
Department.
cases relating to
members
is
attached
tlie
^^^
Fan^
I*
Eunuchs
The
of the Court.
officials at
^ $S ^ ^
officials
16
of lower
Yi*, Controllers
^it
82.
p]
This department
is
Tsao*
^^i"g'
the repairing of
also for
82
qk
buildings
Forbidden City.
At the head of the department there is a f[|| d^ ;/y;
Cliih'
Nien' Ta* Ch'en^, Chief of the Department of Works, to whom,
in addition to those mentioned in No. 76, are subordinated
1-
^0^
2-
wU
}$,
Fu*
Chang'
Assistant
K'u*,
Storehouse
Overseers,
3.
J$
*i-
"6]
5-
^"
p]
^^'^ei'
of Works.
Under
the
Tsu^
Fang-
of
Department
K'u*,
OflSce
Works
is
^ ^ J$
the '^
Kuan^
for
Property.
^3.
S^
pj Ch'ing* Fengi Ssu', Pasturage Department,
which manages the flocks and herds maintained for Palace use,
both near the capital and in the provinces. At its head is a f||[
:k
Chih^
Nien^
Ta*
Ch'en=,
Chief of
the
Pasturage
Department.
Liang' Ya* Men',
(pays the wages of the Household Banner;^).
84.
-U If
^ ea
fEj
pr]
Ch'ien"^
Pay
Office
mmm
S'i-
Kuan Li^
Si'A'
is
17
^M
At
^^ ^^
its
head
^ diang'
tO
86
Kuan^ Fang^
to
87a
Shih'*
WiMM^^B
Wu*, Chancellor
Hsieh^^ Li'
WuS
|^
Assistant
'^ | Nei*
f Fu*
(compare
No. 104d).
j^WIM
86.
Workshops
of
Im-
the
No. 14,
"
Office of Arts and Crafts.")
these workshops the
These
in his
At
"Description of Peking,"
;[^\
Workshops
(see
of the
Imperial Household
Sh if ii -^ f>7 Kuan'
JJH
Workshops.
two Assistant Department Directors, two Secretaries and numerous Clerks {see No. 76).
Liu*
Also, there are >?:;
j;^
t^',
/\
,o
fg -^
^ ^ Kiian^ Hsiieh^,
87 A.
fM
'^ '^
three in
all.
eight'
Banners (compare
In charge of this
1"^
^ ^ ^ ^"^ ^
J^l
Department
Directors, called
Shih*
if;g
'g* Jp
Wu", Superintendents
18
To
-''"n.
Ked
the
:^
^ CWnn/ Shan'
'^-
ilj
For
the
to
(attached
its
^^an^*
i^
fl^ ti*
rf]'
School
trical
at
Hill).
Red Hill or
Hill (close to ^-
No. 79 n).
For
its
its
head
Kuan'
is
At
191%
8.
H f^ W
^ ^ ?#
,13
is
Department, and,
:}^
IWi>C
f'f
Droves, 3 .p]
2
1^
nl
a!j
'^^'4
Inspectors,
',
geons, and 2
J^^\\
^J
^
^
^' Tun'
An'
Sau'
i^
1^'u^
il-
p]
i.e.
Ssu', the
p]
Second
Yu'
[i|]j
gilj
Shih'
\Yc[\
^
^ Fu'
I'
Assistant
Saddlery
Shih'
I'
of
Saddlery Inspectors,
('hang',
An' Chang',
fesu'
Supervisors
inary Surgeons.
Tlie
Stables
at the
(2). ^^ J^t
Chiu' Chang', Inspectors
and are directed by f(['^
of the Stables, and
Chiu* Fu% Assistant Inspectors of the
cial Stable?,
Stable?.
jvllj
Droves, and
,','j|J
Mu* Fu^
Wu'
^^"^
J4:
Chang\ Inspectors
of
fuUery,
ik^
iiVi
harnesa
Pei'
I'J
where arrows,
bows,
87b
tO
on
90
Wu*,
^^K
9iP
Armoury.
etc.,
is
^M^iM^m^B
^^^^
^^^
there are
mM
J^
;!^
^ Wy P'in' Chi*
Oversppjis
(six)
$\ Ssu' Han^
'^
Supervisors of Armour-makings
Tent-making,
Tent-making,
^J ||
glj
-gj
Ssu'
Siipervisors of
Kung\
^^^^
Bow-making,
^^
i^.
^J
fg Chang^
San' Tsung' Ling', Supervisors of Umbrella-making, their Assis^^^ ^''^^^ Ts^i^ Chang', Overseers of the
tants and ;V
mM^
Eighth
^M ^
and Hunting Parks and the growing of rice for the Court.
The chief of this bureau is a Prince or a Minister of the
Household, styled
^ JS ^ M ^a ^ S
Ch'en''
^^
Parks, to
tant
whom
are subordinated
Department Directors,
ifjif]
Secretaries,
Clerks,
etc.
(compare
No. 76).
near Peking
20
estate."?,
1.
2.
i^#^ di'ang*
3-
^f JL
I' Yiiau' or
gp
Yuan'
^'I'ing' I'
Ojj
(also called
^mM
At
Tzii).
#U
Ch'ing^
the head of
H^
Gardeng
^^
^^^
{i.e.
Kuan' Li'
%^
seventh class
^Ij
vested in
is
Yiian^ Fu*,
of the
garden)
m'J
^^'ei'
Shu*
j j^^*
and eighth
seventh
Fu^ and
P'in' Yiian^
^^^
^J^,
Deputy
I'h'i^
pu ^a
classes (-^
P'^'
^^
by
at each
glj
Ch'i^
l^'i"^
Deputy Inspectors
Bureau
of
Imperial
90a.
Office
fg B1 ig Tao*
T'ien'
Court.
Slian' Fang',
^ ^i i M Vii'
Ch'a' Shan* Ch'u*).
(also ^ ^> B iS
91-
Cli^i'
Imperial Buttery
Yii*
Household,
vSlian*
<;allcd
Fang'
^ n. ^
Shih*
'^x
\Vu*,
Wi U) 4^
Ministers of the
'
l"^'"-'"'
Siipfrinteiidents
of
''
the
Yu' Ch'a'
Imperial
21
90a
tO
Hai
91
92
to
three
Ch'a^
94
fni tti
IE
t'^
fl^j
92.
its
Cli'a'-'
I^hiiiig'*
fi'J
1^1
head
Fxi*,
Ciip-I'farcr.-^, one
Cheng*,
Assistant Chief ('up-hearer, and -i\'
^^
^'ii^
the
Imperial
No.
Dispensary
^^-
t[I
Hu
is
chief
^ i%
til
subordinate
the
^ Jl|fl M-J3 ^ B
(Tiien^
Yii*
Ch'uaii^
Ch'u*,
^B
Kuan' Li'
hold.
may
Office.
title
Boats
The suborumate
Office.
of
Wu%
J'li
fj|i
j^
h!i
^ i%
GaiMc
lij
is
Kuan' Li'
.,t
One
of
head and
Game
fc
iill
l!3
is
styled
ChV
Preserve.
y^
^^;^"' I^iiii^'
II<^
CliM*,
('h-iang^
Princes
the
Jniperial
its
N^iao^
Yii'*
^^ jM
Preserve.
Hou.-ehold
tiie
(compare
Imperial lioats
^3a.
of
officials
of
Wu*, Superintendent
I'M
il[\
Shih*
in addition to those of
Its
^MMM^
is
itiu-ineii,
Chief
Ch'a^, Cxi])-bearevs
At
Sharig^
fii}
or
Shih*
J'R
has
Tsung'
In.i)crial
oi
^linisters
fH .g
Wu\
jg
|i>
IjC
inf
Superinteudent
aHsi>tini!;
him
('liv:ng-.
Senior
Gamo-
keep;rs (Subalterns of
Chang', Keepers
)M ^Vu' Ying^ Tien* Hsiu^ Shu^ Ch'u*,
l^ i\i1
niUcc and Piook bindery at the Tin-one Hall (see
^i-
ii^
Piiiitii!/,'
Isu. iUlJjj.,
In
long
b'
of the Ammunition-store.
K'li''
')l
'lliis
office
lie
paj-t,
22
In
the
>f
clini'jo
Oftice
Priiitiiiir
Wu'
of
Shu'
Jlsiu'
Viii-^ Tl.M.^
is
^^^
P)inoo or ^Minister of
m^
f,'f
tO
Snj.onutendent
q^
Chieii' Tsao',
Overseer of
Household,
In^pcvi:'!
(src
Inspectors,
Manchu:,
^ ^- 1$ ^
^
'I'sunQ:^
,^J
f^
J-
T'i^'
\\'^orks,
^Vei^
^
^
glj
|^
Kni"*
Shu-*
y^ Vu*
<"aien*
K'n'
(-h.i:
g^,
Deputy
l-'linng*.
Ts'ai^,
Cheng*
oil
Vr<trl>-,
irlsielr'
f.^
\j
f^ Tsuan'
As>i<t:.ht
Hsiii',
Proof Readers.
^^^
94a.
Vii^
(:;lso
At
head of the
the
Yu'
Shu'
subordinated
Library,
mentioned
SO
ChV
Tsai*"* "^su'
Sri!
to
tI I^ ^,
I.
W?\
JiRlIll
1
iM
to
^}
J-nperial
the. officials
iJ^
JE ^^
ifi'
f^
Chiet.i
Km.'
Tsao^
Libi-ariruis.
Depu!\
Librarians.
!''>
frnpcr'nl
Pan*
i^!3
'.
^.
and G -^ ^-
X ^^
'(n-.UT.ctkui
<'h'u* (.:rr
No.
J^^ ^^*
Li'
Tstmg'
offic..-'
Deputy
Chan,o:^
Km.-'
Chs'n.Lr-
9f]), this
Works),
K'n"
Works), 2 ji]l
Wei^" Shu^ K'u^ Chang',
Chanr'
liit-m
'
VhC^uir*
J^
ibrauau-!n-(']iiff /'Overseer of
i'"*''
or
'^''"^t''
f^
the
..f
additio?!
in
K'"*
J']!
Curntor
Wu',
him,
in
Chien'
Shih''
Ch.'u*
Prince
is
Library
Tinperial
ji^ ^jjf
has to do with
h'u*,
J^ Tsao*
1m!!jc I'alace
bitildinfrs only.
At
the
lie;id (-f
the
hnpc-ial Coiislrudioii
2.T
tltl|i-
94*
^^ Kuan' Li
>|T
SlnhMVn%
(Mi'ii'
th<'
are
OF CHINA.
UliU AxVlZATION
)ffic( is
riiiice
ffTRXt'i!^ 'Kf^
96
Kiian^ Li'
to
gy
(see
Knng}
^^ ^
96.
il
The
dyed)
supervised
called
^^
him,
Weaving and
Imperial
the
to
MM^^^B ^^
Kuan', are
Kung^
addition
in
Chien^ Li'
Wu^
Dyeing
3^
Superintendent of
usual subordinate officials
X >g ^ ^ ^
Director of the
Wu^
usual
<^liien^
She''
Subordinate to
Office.
officials
(sec
No.
styled
76),
Wu*
Ssu^
f\
}$.
Ssui
i^i^4^
Inspector,
J$_
i^
K'u*
Shih^
^ f^
pq
and
3?|>
1^
Wd^
(Jh'i^,
/\
Nei* Ch'i^,
Outer Division.
Pa^ Ch'i^
Imperial Household
Banners
of the
(^sce
is
duties consist
in
guarding
No. 104). It is composed of the so-called
Pao^ I^,
a
class
at
formed
the
of
the
rise
of the
Bond-servants,
beginning
Manchu dynasty, when, for the Emperor and Princes, there were
chiefly
^^
{see
Like
the
the
Banners
divided into
is
Banner
Forces,
made up from
the
the
:
j
24
Household
Eight
Division
Banners
and
of
is
^ M
Sluuig^
San'
Ch'iS
!^ ^^^^
S''^"'
C'h'i*,
or
Banners,
?3
Ti
ilsia*
JSS
Wu^
Ch'i^
^ ^ ^ Huang' Pao^
are
attached
the
to
various
5^^
Blood.
97a.
Guards.
Hu*
[^
Its
Iff
organisation
is
Guards
{see
^ ^ ^
No. 734).
IJ.
1^1
!|^
97c.
Vangtiaid
its
^ ^ Nei*
qU
organisation
Ch'ien^'
is
similar to
|^
gH
mm
Ch'i"''
IIu'
Palace,
(.'hiJn'
Ying*,
Yuan Ming
Yiian.
is
at
the
C'h'ien'
Nei*
Yiian'
the
Summer
same
as the
A m m'^
ft
Guards Brigade
:it
-f llai T/.u';.
ifll
ffi
The
staff includes
[
^'
f^ Tsung^ Kuan*.
97a
^q
q^
98
to
Commandant
99
4a, 8 Rg
m^mB
98.
Shih^
(also
Wei* Fu',
Office
the
affiiirs
office controls
^
^m ^
the
of
Imperial
^^^
of the
This
Body-guard.
Chun^ Ying^,
Shih* Wei*
Ch'in^
^^^
Ch'iniChiin'.
The duty
perform various
of the
is
Body-guard
offices in
escort
to
the Emperor,
It
The
is
is
vested, in
Six ff
:;^
Ling^ Shih* Wei* Nei* Ta*
tx
Chamberlains
of
the
Ch'en^,
Imperial Body-guard; 1a. Whether
tlie Emperor is abroad or in the Capital, two of these are selected
as
^^
;;^C
the Rear-
guard.
Six
2.
pq
J^ E^
An
3,
indefinite
Ta*
Nei*
Body-guard
number
of
Senior
Ch'en^,
f^
Assistant
1b.
f<i
guard
This
2b.
title
of
^^
From
appointed
^ E
d\
Chamberlains) ten
Chamberlains of the Yan-guard.
1.
Body-
often conferred as a
99.
is
title.
hereditary
Imperial
;/(;
Clrien=^
is
the
(similarly
to
Yin^ Ta*
Ch'en^
composed of
^ Shih* Wei*,
?t ^ f# ^ H^a^ Ling' Shih*
^ T6ng^ First Rank 3a, One Hundred and
also
-^
I^
[-
26
Fifty 12
Two Hundred
4a, ami
^^
oa, and
^ ^ Ssu*
2-
^fi
Of
Lan' Ling^ Shih* Wei% the Junior BodyBlue Feather) 6a. There are Ninety of
'4i
tlie
guards (wearing
these.
^ ie f# ft Tsungi
3.
Sani
tt
Corps of
I^
QY^^i",
tlie
Teng^,
Shih* Shih'
Tsimg'
First
Rank, Eigliteen
^ |
From
as
S'^'i'
number
^,
..ansmen
tliese
H ^
are
are
Erh Teng^,
(^ tt
jlj^
Nine of
Body-guards.
Imperial
Wei^ also E.
Woi^ the
Shih^
Shili"*
commonly known
C'h'i^
indefinite
of
fp
bU
fJ
Ch'ing Gate.
l
iff
'^
I'ao*
Wei^ Pan
Tail.
4.
SI f#
of
the
Imperial Body-guards ;
When engaged on guard duty, the Body-guards are divided
into 6 IfE Pan', Reliefs, which, in turn, are divided into 2
I*,
Wings.
In
command
of each relief
a f^
is
Relief of
of a
^j
tlio
I-^ing',
ii
Shih* Wei*
Second
in
Command
is
{jf
^if.j
if"
JJ Shin
Wei*
The
guards consists of 77
6a, 70
^^
's\i
'>[(
the
Body-
Lieutenants;
27
100
101
to
m^
8b, 7
-^
and 1,756 ^^
101.
103
General
;^^
Hsiao\ Sergeants,
in
j<
Yu"
Oli'ien^
101 A.
the
Eni])en)r
Mongol i;iu
K'2.
Shou^
Bi|
"s
^ Yu'
t7
11^
Wei'
This
TJ]
^ ^* It ^
I^
iShih'
is
to
on
conferred
usually
office
^^^
I^
Ta* Ch'eir,
E Tsung^
in
is
appointed from
t!ic
llic
(office
of
the
Palace
Ch'a
C'hi^
and tranquillity of
(Tenci'al Inspectors
of
tranquillit}'
Office
was established
ia: :;^
:^ it Tsnng=' Ssu^
Ch'u% Vigilance
Two
title
Priiiei'S.
Tsou^ Attache
Ch'ien- Hsiug-
This
Sivile.
|[^1
Wei* Shih*
precincts).
These
otHcials
are
re])orts of the
The
actual
Manager, and
II ^ ^i Jn
^ S ^- ^
management
Ch
|||f-
Pang'
Ch'a^
<^'l'i'
2
Ch'a'^
is
vested in a
I*an*, Assistiint.
chiefly
Tsung' Pan*,
Ik'iow these are 4
||^S ^jj^
o\or
the
Palace
Guard).
103.
The
as.
28
PRESENT
*'
'
*'
of
Mini-tr\ of
till-
oi ^.!!M-:itii)ii
aif
il
:uiiln'ri>>
L;i"'tl
War,
;in(l (Irillino:
'
'
I>AY
They
Banner Corp? men of
to select
pli\ .-iiiiic
rih-( ii'Mtioiis
"
pleasure."
l''.mj)eror's
103a.
the original
divisions of.
Il
is
to
in
til^t
bcou
organised
as
New Army.
'fj^f
*<^.
Ofhcc
CliMi"',
1)C
Nc" Army.
th.^
seems, to replace
it
to
the
to,
tlie
I'ccrnits to
i:;itablishe'l
Tien'
ii'i'
are
Thry
comph'to
Talace (IumiIs,
are, so
pe similar
h:is
Chini' IT
(iiuirds.
!)
will
|)i.ij)osr;d
Sixth
ihtre
Talacc (iiiards
liupciial
nii.l
of thr X<t\
aiid
New
Tile
j\l
view
this object in
jg Chin^
^||| f/fj
New
AVei^
l*alace
the sn|. ma ision of three Vf IJ] ^j|| 1^^ ^'j^ fi{5 ill j\,
Chiian' Ssii' Ilslin' Lien' Chin' Wei' Chiin' Ta' Ch'^n^ Snper-
(luards, MiK.h
of
attach"
li
A.
ifjia'a*
of the
i-
P.rli'
'^
^^
Palace (Jnards.
San'
Second
T*nj^-,
in
:ire
h/dlin-- Ollice
'^.
't
^-
\jl
}\
?r^
riJ
'\i
'
.
If'l
li'!]
i\
t.<
tli-
'''''' '''''^''
Shn'
hi'
-i
stall",
foui-
Diiectlv snboidinatcd
!'
of the
eh:irL!;e
li.
'I
three
;tnd
P.oik.
Kanl^
'J'hird
'Jeiig^,
instruction. ;ind
i.
these are
'liiin' 'IV.ii'
the Chi.
To
iD.'iP..
'''C
New
th(^
are
)fHcers
manage
stdj-othces atl;u'lied to
10;U
).
above-mentioned are:
"^
":'''^
ViiMii
)Hice.
-"J
the
Adjutants,
i,iei8 (of ihiee ranks),
Drafts. nen,
il 1''"' '1'"' Vii..n-,
of
ii Vie' Shua' Viian*, Manager
of
Printing
103a
tO
inSu
4030
5.
to
6.
103i
7.
^ M Shoui
Yiian^, Treasurer,
^; f ^ Shu* Wii* Yiian^, General Supervisor,
Chilli
1 JKC
^ ^ Ti* Shih*
J^
To
B.
103c.
Guards there
Yiian^, Registrars.
New
Palace
1-
J^
f^t-
Chiin^ Hsieh''
2.
1^
fj^
^.
K'o\ Armoury,
dence,
3.
4.
In
II
of
and from
(^hief,
Yiian^, Secretaries.
^ Ssu^ Shui
nl
3.
10
4.
]glj
F.[J
=7^
As
has
formation of the
New
is
of
there are
1-
the
consists
instance,
K'o^
Sheng", Writers,
'^o.
{sec
103a), the
^^
W^
New Army.
The
of
jfJf
Divisions
to five
t^i
17
103d.
thi-ee
p1
1-
2.
is
sections,
sub-offices,
detachment, for
artillery
Also,
^ 3^
Ilsin* Tui*,
Telegraph
Company.
2.
^ Ying^
Corps, of
i|
^B
of
[
Heavy
30
^' Ying^,
Artillery.
]
^^^
^^
Chiin* Ke^
planned to organise a |^
a
3E^ [^ Ch'i Ch^u" Tui\
Tui% Carrier Pigeon Corps, and
104
Aeronautic Corps.
104a
Jjater
3.
is
it
To
tlie
there will
Commander
attached a
})e
'g*
^,|j
Kuan^, Adjutant
^^i^
Household
Four
On
On
On
On
1.
'2.
3.
4.
104a.
the North,
the East,
the South,
jpi[i
j^ PI Shen"
^#
^
Wu' Uen\
pf]
the West, gg #!
Wu^" Men'-.
pf]
Hsi'-
Hua' Men'.
(^ity there
?2
?ra
is
a series of
Ko^, Pavilions.
:
where
Kung',
most
the
Ijrilliant
iljl
^'7
Shamanic Chapel
^-
II
^ ^
Yii^
Ch'ing^
Rung',
Palace of
the
or
Ilcii-
Apparent.
4.
1^%
fe^
To
iS Huang-
Peyond
Chi-"
Tien', and
behind
this
is
is
Palace there
called
the
this
is
:'l
jitji
Throne
the
p*}
Hall,
Palace
tO
104b
^^
5.
The Emperor
Chai'^
visits
this
sacrifices.
^.
calls it the
is
At
Tibetan Monastery).
Hutukhtus
The
104b.
known
best
living in
Peking
(see
No. 917).
1.
:*: tl Ic T'ai* Ho'' TienS Hall of Perfect Harmony
of Harmony in Nature).
Here the Emperor holds
Hall
(or
New
Year's
levees on
Day, his birthday, and on the Winter
solstice.
2.
Ffi
In
this
and
ploughing ceremony.
3.
the
Emperor
4.
In
this
Hall
^ #
Here the
Wl
stereotype
Wu^
Be
plates
are
Yiug^
stored
TienS Throne
(properly
Printing
Hall
where
Office,
see
No.:94).
6.
^ 5E Be
i'eng''
Emperor
given
and
JCi\
retii-es
\ip to
the Prince
At
for relaxation.
to
which
known
[
are
32
is
affiiirs
the
Of
1-
found
:X jIH i1
^^^n' ^'"an^
Ko^ The
in
Here
Library.
Chinese
[[9
is
1$ :^ fj
In charge of the
No. 131
H ^ ^
il
Ko' Shlh*,
Chii^
T'i'
Director of
the
Library,
M^ ^
Library
^^iog*
^^o* Shih*,
Chih^
Ko'
^ ^
fi
ShihS
Officials
on duty at
the
Library, and
6 >^
I]^
side of the
Imperial
Western
<'ity),
and entertained.
^
;
No.
to
To
South
;A;
J^ P5
Tai*
Ch'lng'
Men*,
as
serving
main
the
is
^^^
3-
^^
A/l'i
P'orbidden
104]).
or
City
Tiian' Men*.
is
Beyond
obtained
through
the
PT
Wu* Men*
No. 104).
{tee
i"]
to
3)
Ministers
Grand
of
i^ec^etarieR,
to
1q4d
is
Library
by
assisted
).,
104c
the
Household,
styled
[
iJE
]
I'rinces
}^t'^t^
number from
of- the
HIo<k1
Kuan*
Li*
104k
.
to
IQK
Directors,
^\>
Directors, and
the
are
Household,
Imperial
f^]
pg
MM'^tS^^ B
title
In addition to the
number
of Affairs of such
Managers
of
^^
officials
^ 1-
The management
|pi5
5fe
Emperor.
however, are opened on the 5th, loth and 25th of each moon to
the
of
inspection
Diplomatic
Representatives
and
emment
foreigners.
3^
ift
Summer
105.
to
^ ^ j^
Tsou* Shih*
At
the Emperor.
Kuan\
the
^ ^^
who
the
Grand Council
establishments
present
their memorials
direct).
[
34
Emperor (Metropolitan
to the Grand Council
two sections
Emperor
Manchu and
is
105a
divided into
tO
memorials.
\i\
The general
'J^
nij
No. 101).
105 a.
Yii*
^^
of
the Chancery
the
duty of
Ch'ien' Ta* Ch'en', Adjutant Generals (see
snjiervlsiou
[--
is
At
is
^^
106.
^ if 1^ icS
J^
<^'lii'
<-1i'a'
Grand
Secretaries).
^MM
By
A E
o*"
p]
Is
^H^
Luan
Yii^
Wei'
(previously
charge of
the
110.
of
preparation
\^
'k
chairs,
regalia,
etc.,
goes abroad.
Emperor
carriages,
fi|
This has
('hung'
Ch'en',
I/pfl
Xuan'
111.
Shih'j,
J\.
;^
Cl.'iiig').
^^.
fii
Shih' (formerly
^^
fsi;
I^nan'
Literary
f;?j
I^iian- Yii'
T:i* \Vei'-wei*.
'<^fi
35
of these officials.
P11E8ENT
jjQ
121
^^H
112.
112
There
one of these
113.
Comis
officials.
li
m^BM^^
Wu* Kuan*
ment.
these
of
Department
m '^B^-M
Department
115.
|J|f
officials of this
117-
^^
rank.
Kuan*
Chun^
ShihS
Department
rank.
official of this
A^
MM
rank.
supervised by
S ^ Tso'
118-
So^,
^ H^
2'
Ml
sections
Ssu*
P'ei^
fUj
one
two sections
l^jj
119.
officials of this
^ JH ^ T'ang^ Chu^
116.
No. 288)
two
M^
JliB
two
Sacrificial
two
No. 113)
(see
/^
Luan^
rJ llsiin*
Yu*
Yii^
9,nd
Section.
So^,
1.
2-
120.
"^J
Jf
of two sections
B'f
*'^^>?g^
consisting
i^
iil
2.
M ^ ^ Shan* Shou^
[
Ssu^,
36
Fan
Section, and
^^
2.
122.
f^
Fu* Yiieh^
"nl
Ssu',
Halberd Section.
122
ff\
into
eight sections;
1-
Iff ^'J
2-
:Jc
3-
1^
S)l|
i-
!^
0.
i5j "^
6.
22^
^
^
ly?
"
Ko'
(^^hien^
Ciii'
Hsi'in'
i'ling^
p]
Hsi^ Ssu\
^'li'i'
Western Section,
*^liou='
/(j
BI
123.
Vu^
is
Snb-dcpartment
^^ ^MM
^ ^ f^
Hf]
Cliief
whom
to
3a,
above-mentioned sub-
attached one
is
Sub-department
Each
Right Section.
Ssn',
^Vt
departments there
Shih^
^an^
If -f t^
8.
Cliief
section
4a.
directed by- a
is
to
whom
is
pfl
f^ Chang' Yin*
|!^
^^
attached one ^
1:11
f?!^
Chang'
i^
Yin''
'i{
ffj;
M-
the latter,
In
f^
f^'
^^
the
'Jf
attached to the
fiV
3pt
Sections
l|)if)
of
the
Equipage
fixed).
124.
and
Sub-departments
(number not
to
Jf
Knan'
Li',
Over.eers.
K(|uipage Department
fs
^^l
''
''"'tr'
^*'^'"'
37
There
are
twelve
K""'
l^'\
Overseer vf
2.
^ ^^
;g
Kuan^
K'u*
Ohia^
Overseer
Li^
of
Carriage Houses,
^ M ^
3.
M. Pu'
Imperial Carriages,
4.
Kuan^
Nien^
Overseer of
Li',
2 | ^ iM
Yii^
^ $^ ^ Ji
Carriage,
5.
Elephant Carriage,
6-
Golden
1^
J-1
^'liin^
J-S
^^o'
1^0^
Kuan'
Li',
Overseer
of the
K^^an'
Li',
Overseer
of the
('ai-riage,
^ ^
"
'W
^-^o'
Leather Carriage,
8-
Ig-
7}C
Wooden
'W
the
Coir
Mii^
Carriage,
9-
^^S
-^
Mats,
10.
1^
Ju^
Kuan'
Li',
Overseer
of
T'ou^
Kuan'
Li',
Overseer
of
T*ai^
Ji^
Kneeling Rugs,
M ^'S
11-
Mt
Combs, and
12.
^ ^ JS
fr^
for Servants
125.
and
To
n,^
^
^
<^hia^ I'
Kuan'
Li',
Overseer of Livery
(-hair-bearers.
Shu^
Whips
(see
No. 124)
fg5 "g*
7.\,
and
aHached
I
1
M M W Y""'
>^
'j'l:
1^11^^
IE Chih'
I^
Shih', Assistant
Marshal
ChOng' (formerly
S.s, and
ri^
4a,
ff TE Chih^
I^
(formerly
38
^ [^ fj
;heng'
I^'
\-n')
g ^t
Yiin-
|iji
2 ro i L IK
of the Imperial
(^'liili-
Cheng', Controllers of
tlie
Fifth Class;
5.\.
To
each
the
to
subordinated,
I'
Cliih^
in
i:
V^
Cheng\
Fifth
the
of
Controller
il 'IlM ClK^ng'
Sixth Class.
REGENCY.
WimWl^^
126.
<"'l"en^
Prince Regent.
of the present
Emperor,
is,
until he
has completed
^v5
jiis
assume
his
title
Hsiao* Ch'in'
by the
late
Hsien' Huang'^
will
empowered
Empress Dowager
Hou*, on the
govern the
to
^JXM^^
1.3th
November,
1908.
elaborated
in
1908.
All government affairs are transacted by the Prince Regent
th'o
Emperor under
his
Empress Dowager
Hf:^r-S^^ Lung'
to issue an Ediet.
[
39
Yii*
Huang'
T'ai*
Hon*
126
126a
to
ioy
is
Commander-in-Chief of
all
Naval
and
Parliament.
of
credentials
tlie
representatives
of
Pqwers
Foreign
appointed to China.
Finance (for
126a.
title
^\^J^
I'
fj^
was borne by
^ ^ ff' Kung^
Ch'in'
of
minority
Empresses, ^*
charge of the
the
government
^^
126b.
This
title
of the
(;h'i^
^ iC
^ 1
Hsin\ during
when,
with
the
;]jg
another designatio?i
the usm-per
Regent.
b}'
during the minority of the Emperor J^
the -^ llau^ Dynasty (in B.C. 6).
126c.
I*
in
Empire.
She^,
was held
I* Hsin^,
Wang^
This
Huang"
also called
-f"
J^
T'ai*
'^^^
of
W^ang^
Prince
Mang'
Tzu' Ying\
Hon*
^ JH 9^ l^
Lin'^
Ch'ui^
of
Cli'ao',
Lien'
(or
^| ||| )^ Ch'ui^ Lien^ Hsvin* C heng^),
" to
the
curtain and administer the government."
drop
This title was applied to the late Empress Dowager
T'ingi
Cheng"
literally
^^^
^
the
Emperor yt If Ivuang'
Hsii'
II ou"*
(1875-1908.)
PARLIAMENT.
127.
Assembly
I^
HI 1^
of
40
Jh Hi
i.e.
~F 1^ Sc Hsia^
I^
Shano^^
Yiian^,
Laws
1912.
in
mulgated
The
government,
together
August, 1908,
in
of
with
the
principles
laws
of
concerning
reply to
its
Constitutional
of
Government,
As
Its
it
will only
be allowed
touching the
to discuss questions
.vhole
only
of
Asia," Xo.
the Chinese,
1,
July,
"Scheme
of State
of Constitutional
will
{see
COUNCIL OF STATE.
128.
i^t?l|^
Grand Council).
being
in
Chi'
Chiin'
This
is
tiic
Council
('h'u',
Highest
Central
of
State
(or
Establishment,
established
iirst
Emperors
[
-11
of
the
present
Dvnasty
128
PRteStNl'
129
to
1296
CfllNA.
The
r ouncil of
State
is
composed of
^Mi^^ Chiin^
129.
Grand
Councillors,
more than
five, i.e.
of the
Members
the
ranks
of
from
the
of
officials
grade of
Minister of
State or
(^
At
present the
Shu* ]Ming')
members
Decrees issued
all
seal of the
IS
name
the
They
C-hi',
Newly-
Ching', also
;
/J>^i^
sixty in
MMM
^^lan'
Councillor.
Grand
129b.
Hsiao' Chiin'
all.
the
Prince Regent.
129a.
:;^
in
^miM
Manchu, and
Han^ T'ou' Pan', and g|
Hl^
Han^
firh^ Pan',
At
Chief of Section
is
gj Ling' Pan',
42
titles
^Ijff^.l? J:
Shang^ Hsiang' Tsou\ Chief of
Pang'
Pan'
Ling'
Shang*
Ching'
('hang^
Tsou^
Hsiang-
titles
by
IB f^
designated a day-book,
is
of officials.
highest
^^
Se'i*
government
Grand Secretariat;
Ko'',
establishment
the
in
organized
technically the
Ming
Dynasty.
Before the establishment of the
Grand
18th century (see No. 128), the duties of the Grand Secretariat
included
the
examination
preliminary
Provincial Authorities,
tiie
making
of
reports
from
the
recommendations as
of
to
in
promulgating Edicts
and
keeping State
in
Papers.
lA
Four
(colloquial
i^^
is
coiiiposcd as follows
designation
l\i
Chung' T'ang',
ejjistolary
Two
Hsiang*
[^ Hsiang' Kuo').
designation
|g
most
froiTMhe
of tliese arc .Manchus and two an- Chinese!, chosen
distinguished
atul ^fl
'I'sal'
officials
of
the l^mpiro
wIkj
are
sine
ijiki
non,
Metropolitan Graduates.
F-ach of the
of onf or other of
Grand Secretaries
the
43
entitled
Ta
Hsiieh Shih
Throne Halls
[
is
129c
*
131
137
Palace,
i.e.
-^^W^
l^ 5t f^ Wu^
^^^
Wen'
Yingi TienS ff^
Wi T'i^ JCn' Ko',
Yiian^ Ko' and j^t
Ko'
selection
of
a
Tun-^
(the
particular
Hall or Pavilion depends on the Emperor's will).
Under
the
Ming Dynasty
familiarly designated f^
Grand
the
were
Secretai'ies
of the
Imperial
Two
132.
Chimg^
One
is
fl ;^
ti^
Grand
Assistant
Seci^etaries
designation
epistolary
T'atig',
1b (colloquial designation
^jjj
Hsielr
^^
K'uei').
members
of the Council of
Grand
Secretaries
are
Ten
133.
^P
Ko'
11
f^l
Chancellors of the
Six are
Hsiieh').
of
i^
^J
Eiglit
Ko'
^^ei*
Grand Secretariat
Hsiieh'
2n
(literary
Manchus and
certain
departments ^f
f#^P .
designation
the
State
Chinese.
Sub-
and two
Shih*,
texts,
in
Manchu and
Sixteen Pa
135.
f#
Manchus and
6a.
^ix
137.
the
130 pg r^
f|
Grand Secretariat; 7b
H^n*).
(literary
44
Shu\
Secretaries of
designation i^
Chung'
137a.
as
Imperial
patents and
At
f?|.
137k.
^^
T^yo
Patent Office
Grand
^I
Wn'
mB
f't
<^'l^ung'
of the Imperial
Grand
the
3 Copying Offices,
('^li* <^^l^'a'
("1 TJC
-k
Secretariat.
To
138.
137a
Oflfice,
chartei"s.
of the
IlIN'A.
the
f^
rjf
Han^
^I^'^n'
]y^~^Wj
i.e.
^^
PC-n'
ff)
^leng' Ku^"
Fang", Mongolian.
2
i.e
Kegistries,
Manchu, and jf
^^
1^
^^ Han'
?}^
^^
P'iao"
Ch'ien'
Ch'u^
Ch'u^ Chinese,
ilt^
P-1' Pen^"
endorsements of documents,
1
l|^
I*
and Forwarding
1
fil]
139.
This
^j; Tic
M.
^^
-)j
Archives Office.
Fang' Lio^
office is specially
Kuan\
is
four
^jg
t2 p3
^ Tsung'
-i-
Reviscr.s,
Tsuan'
140.
^]
Translation
Manchu and
)Hi(e
is
Ts'ai'.
Tia(.\
jljf
To him
four
llsiu',
Shou'
Cha.ig',
Proof Headers.
translates
State
4r,
Grand
Secreta'iat.
to
140
COMMITTEE OF MINISTERS.
^Q
148
igf
f#
AiFaivs; established in
people.
When
first
formed,
this
was composed
Bixreau
of
four
i^fil^M^B^
Wu^
is
compose^
142.
Members
of Ministers
of the
143.
Consulting
S^
ig!^
f#
Members
:/c
of
144.
now being
Two
Sub-chancellors of
145.
146.
147.
tlie
Committee
^Ministries
of
Ministers.
(l^oards)
The
comprise these-
eleven Boards).
T'i-
f 1^
of
Grand
Proctors
Tiao*,
chosen
from the
Secretariat.
J;^
Ij^l
lji\
Secretaries.
148.
^ ^ Wen^
An'', iSecretaries,
not fixed.
[
-46
Grand Secr^riat
number
149.
j^
'b*
Ti' Shih*
Grand
KuanS
Registrars
Secretariat
chosen from
number not
149
tO
fixed.
153
^ ^ i^
150.
K-uanS
Committee for the Investigation of the Principles of Modern
Politics and Government established in 1905 for the supervision
;
In
that the
name
M^M^
150a.
Committee
tfe"
Government.
Government
Kuan^
Constitutional
for
the supervision
in
China.
itself, approved
By
Emperor on the 24th August, 1 907, at the head of the
Committee for Drawing up Regulations for Constitutional Govern-
by the
ment there are two members of the Council -of State, styled
151.
^mmmm^^B
Drawing up Regulations
These
ofiicials,
152.
JJJ
^uan^
T'i'
of the
Constitutional
for
management
Committee
Government.
|g
t-^
47
two.
These
manage correspond-
ewspapcr.
^53
Government there
Constitutional
Bureau and
of three
composed
154b.
154c.
is
for
i.e.
Revising
Chii^
Revising
Bureau;
Statistical
Bureau;
K'o\ Sections.
^ K'o\
of three
composed
Fu*
^ij-
gi ff
Pien^ 'Chill*
j^
f^i]
Drawing up Regulations
Bureau.
Statistical
1o4a.
there
At
154.
Sections.
At
a ^j
by a
^ ;^
glj
Each
Section
whom
Section Chief, to
under a J ^^
is
are attached a
K'o^
Yiian^,
glj jf^
j^ Fu*
Cheng*
number
of
by
by
^^
The
|,|l
Iv'o^ Yiian^,
Chancery.
is
he
is
documents and
^vas
It
This
Assistant Chiefs.
was established
Wu*
Ch'u*,
|j/|
(.'hancery
Wu*
Tsung^
.1^
for
formerly called
controlling
l^f,
f^
the
Shu*
Ch'u*.
156.
^ ^ j^
Shu^ Ch'u*, Translating Office (Interfor the translation from foreign languages oi
preting Office)
books necessary to the Committee for Drawing up Regulations
I*
The
Government.
for Constitutional
staff of this
office
is
not
fixed.
157.
J[5^
^ Shou^
U ^
J^
Shu^ Ch'u*,
T'xx^
Library; directed by
Here are kept works in Chinese
Chang', Librarian.
who
is
responsible
sections into
f-or
is
divided,
48
i.e.
1.
HH
f,f
2.
Ij^
fj
14
EH
KlJ
^ Yin^ Shua'
("hiao'
namely
159
Government there
Constitutional
posts,
At the Committee
159.
CIIIXA.
^ifiC^l^tf
159b.
I^
^'S
I'
I'
I^
from
officials
of
fi
officials
officials of
the
^^M.P(
Bureau.
This
Drawing
up
K'ao' Ho'
Chuan^
K'o',
Investigation
Regulations
Government
Constitutional
in
to
is
effijrts
with
160a.
i^.
Constitutional
to
him
b
.''ji^
Government
(*^<?
No. 152'.
10
He
hos subordinated
to
160a
2 f^
to
162b
j^ Pang' Pan%
up
fif
SiJ
161.
was
Assistants,
Cheng* K'o'
By
Yiian'^,
Regulations for
in
established,
Government
Bureaux,
it
lal
3^ ft
Offices,
Generals or Governors,
|l
^.
Chi*
T'ung^
yamen
Statistical
Ch'u*,
of the Governor-
Committee with
162.
Board
of Rites,
Board
of Finance,
i.e.
Board
Board
Home
of
of Posts
first
Affairs,
and Communi-
of Justice.
remaining Ministries.
The
is
The
162a.
Statistical
Bureau
Board
at the
two sections
1-
2-
^^
is
divided into
1^
fti'lj
10
of Rites has at
Jg |^
and
16 2 b,
At
the
supervised by a fg
are subordinated 4
Board
of
Finance the
Statistical
fjf{:
|^r|
fjf
Bureau
whom
is
there
50.
163.
1^ :^
^j
Information Bureaux
approved by the
163a.
f;/jf
Tsung'
Pan'*,
This
Director.
'
official,
appointed
Drawing up
by
Government, on the recommendation
Adviser to
Committee (compare
the
163b.
sections
as
two
into
1-
?i
>f4
and
tions,
M at ^4 T'ung' Chi'
2.
Each
of these Sections
K'o\
is
Statistical Section.
Ku^ Sub-
sections.
At the head
is
a f
--j-
K*o^ Chang',
manages
Sub-sections are
managed by
^ ^ ^ ^ Kuan' Ku'
to three in
Wei'
163c.
arc,
at the Sections
and
^^
,J
Chi', Archivi.sts,
il
and (0)
2 )!j^^y^
,'f .iti
163
to
103o
to.
165
B,^M
163d.
163d
of
the
affairs
2 ^,
^^M
this
Shu*
Sbi^i*
Wu*
Ch'u*, Chancery
establishment the
Wu* Wei'
Yiian'^,
for managing-
Bureau Chief
appoints-
Chancery Deputies.
^^ ^
Tzu^ Cheng* Yiian*, The National Assembly its establishment was foreshadowed by an Edict of the
20th September, 1907. The tenor of this Edict was
164.
;
"
As the twc
Constitution is necessary to the country.
" Houses of Parliament cannot at once be
inaugurated, it will be
"
an
first
to
establish
at
Assembly of Ministers to>
necessary
modes
of procedure.
"to be presented
"This."
165.
The
first
Having
to the
National
be opened
in
1913
{see
No. 127).
52
As
165a.
National
the
two
Assembly
^
^ iS ^ ^ ^
at
tht>
head of
=^.
51
t^^
were
CIIIXA.
^^
^ W
^ n^
Tzu^
were
Su])ervisors,
I*,
ilEJC
P^c
aix).
Ifi6.
Bv
Pides drawn
(consisting of 10
headings the
on the 9th July, 1908, and later amended and, with the others,
ap])roved on the 23rd August, 1909) the subjects that may be
discussed by the Assembly are
of existing
is
decision
must
first
Officials.
Iligli
prejiaration
or
amendment
of codes of laws,
may
initiate
15 of the
Rules).
When
subject,
the
a Memorial
or with
Memorial,
the
President
in the usual
of
the
Board concerned
final
this
decision of
.''3
165a.
^q
As
167
Assembly
Provincial
the
regards
CIIiyA.
National
the
Assemblies,
between
Provincial
High
(articles
22
two kinds,
i.e.
Authorities
to 24).
each
31);
dm-ing
year,
the
Assembly are
9th,
Ordinary
10th and
an extraordinary session
may
it is
(article
call for a
or
52),
new
even
it
Also,
(also
"
f[:
^^ Ch'i- Hua*'
Kuan^ Hsiang*
^.^
Kung''
its
of the IfJ
the
dissolve,
Yang2 Men^
(article
(article 32).
in
moons
11th
be summoned by Imperial
The scheme
of
Men-),
fJJ
[^ P"] ('h'ao^
North-west
to the
T'ai-,.
Yiian'*,
167.
At
Assembly there
is
now
('article 2).
To him
there
attached one
is
gl] '^%
Fu*
I*
Yiiah',
(article
Members
at two hundred).
I*
30).
of
Sessions
^ g^ [^ li ^
of the National
One hundred
[
V ice-Chairman
Chang',
Assembly
in session, the
is
of
glj
the
Asseml)ly (the
number
5i
^^
National
is
iixed
by the
tO
(article 4).
167b
Eligible
in
membership
National
the
Assembly are
hereditary titles,
of
Princes
Mongolia, Tibet and Turkestan,
Hereditary
(c)
fd)
(o)
4th and
Eminent
scholars,
(h)
Members
itself
of justice,
officials
officials),
(g)
articles
(b)
to 13 of the Pules).
i)
define
who come
those
dearly
mentioned above.
within
The appointment
of
the
eight
members and
categories
the electoral
in these liegulations.
1G7a.
^S^
this
is
is
a:
a
'B"
For the
Ku'
of
1'
clerical
Assembly
|^^Jf^
Pi'
]^^
appointed
fj
tjx
The members
KuM'hanr.
IfiTi'..
there
167a
])V
T.'iig'
V'l*
lg3
5a,'i:
^m^^
and
of
the
Kuan',
Secretaries
The
Secretariat
is
H^
|i^
'B*
Third Class
in all twelve).
i.e.
(1)
J^^fif
BM^^
Shu*
Wu* K'o\
Miscellaneous Affairs.
^^
^^
JM J^ Kuan^ Li'
At
167c.
Shou^
who
the
special tJP
Wei^
g-^
g^
is
styled
Yiian'^, Librarian.
Tzu^
I* Cliii",
f^
imder
Provincial Assemblies.
'g'
the
These
October, 1907.
for
Emperor
the
Constitutional
and, in 1909, in
New Dominion
the assembly
Avill
Government
all
yyeve
sanctioned by
the
where, owing
be, at least at
first,
drawn up on
different lines
of the
Assembly
will '"be
appointed, not elected (see the report of the Governor, Lien K'uei,
dated early
in
1909).
[
5G
On
their
first
As
directed
by the
first article
Assemblies are established in the cities at -which the GovernorGenerals or Governors reside, their chief duty being to bring the
of
opinions
the
executive that he
may
1)C
the
of
notice
fully
district
For the
there
to
peo])le
is
members
of
election
a double election,
The number
of
members
there
tliat is,
is
an election of delegates
of the Provincial
number
Assembly
as
not
is
all
the
Chihli province).
The
twenty
five
Membership
in the
detail
in
in
the
Provincial Assembly
they have been resident in the province concerned for ten years,
who
are
free
of the disqualifications
enumerated
in detail
in
Tn
1G9.
the
2.
internal
organization
of
the
Provinciol
M ^ Chang*, President,
Chang', Vice-President, and "^i^^MR
m li
^'
>'"' ''
aij
Ch'ang^ Chii*
The number
I*
Yiian-,
of these
is
one
fifth
the total
number
of
.-.7
Assembly.
members
of
169
170
^Q
-^p
The members
their offices during the entire term, the Resident Members serveone year only (articles 15 to 17 of the Regulations).
The Provincial Assemblies mav discuss affairs dealinsr
170.
Assembly, and
to the National
the
National
etc.
Assembly,
is
members
To
171.
^^ iM
the
l^'^ii*
Assemblv there
Provincial
is
attached
4^1^
The management
172.
Provincial Assemblies
which the
is
of
elections for
members
of
the
^ ^^
To
the
above-mentioned
elections
during
^t)
1.
officials
^ m wm
^m
M.
Tw
M.
T'ou^^
M.
K'ai^
P'iao*
^ ^
Inspectors of lialloting,
3.
are
subordinated
Supervisors of Balloting,
2.
there
m m ^ n
Supervising Tellers,
and
[
58
Kuan'
Li^
Iv
S ^ M
P'i'^o'
I^'ai'
Chieni
Ch'a- Yiiair,
mm
l-^-
Ui^
Tzu'
Chf.2 Ch'ou^
Provincial Assemblies,
Pan^ Cb'u\
established
in
thi'
1909, these
offices
ceased to
exist.
CIVIL
"-^
f{f
for Revising
came
into existence
l^ecause of an
11th
Constitutional
the
"code s.
" Shen
Chia-pen, Junior Vice-President of the Ministry of
*'. Justice, Yu Lien-san, ex-Governor of Shansi, and Ving .lui,
Powers,
make
study of the
"
presentation to us.
17.0.
The
Respect This."*
for
Coiiunittce
Lii* Ta*.
its
head two
Ch'en^ Presidents,
[
&'.'
fijf
who
2T fi
f1-
control
'J<.
^*^'"'
173
to
--k
Two
to
177.
Ig
jQo
draw up a code
176
^-^
^ TP TiaoS Proctors,
f'l-
This Section
of commercial law.
duty
its
is in
is
to
charge of
^ Tsung'
177a.
I^
178.
Ig
fij-
The
178a.
179.
preting
ii
Office)
I'
in
Second Section
is
^^
I^ Yuan'*,
charge
identical to that
No. 177a).
Shui Ch'u^ Translating
chai'ge
of
the
translation
under a
in
staff at the
Office (Inter-
from foreign
This office is
assisted
by
^^
At the
^ ^ Jg Pieh^ An* Ch'u% Codifying
head of
a
^ Tsiuig^ Tsuan', Chief Reviser, and
subordinated to him there
2 ^
Tsuan^ Hsiu\ Revisers and
180.
Office.
this office is
f;g
ai'e
^ Wi
181clerical
head
ji^
is
assisted
a ^. f^
by
182.
indefinite
H 3^
^^
Shu*
Wu*
Wei'
183.
appointed
^ ^ ^
in
Committee, from
to supply the
Tiao*
Ch'a^'
an indefinite number,
its
staff or
<;o
\
PKESEKT DAY POLITICAL ORGANIZATION OF CHIAA.
184
^ 1^
184.
in existence as
to
Chun^ Tzu^
fl^
yet
tp
FuS General
Staff Office
or Japan.
In an Edict, dated the
not
lines as that of
Germany
Board
organization of the
General
such an
f.nd
is
in existence,
matters pertaining to
all
184a.
which
was
Staff' Office
office
(ith
of
lifj
War
418).
By an
War
and
its
184 b.
which
fimctions as
:^
g-g
assists the
Emj)eror
-^s
Comnmnder-in-CliIef of the
Army
and Navy.
The
Cieneral
With regard
command
to
all
is
not
a preliminary step
is
No. 184).
{see
makes recom-
Board of
Under
are
War
The
Military
Academy
No. 712a,
Draftsmen
No.
(sec
(see
is
712;
Academy
is
school
for
estalilished), iSchools
tiie
Army
[
and Navy,
<;i
etc.
184b
^
PRESENT DAT POLITICAL ORGANIZATIOX OF CHINA.
Provisional Kegulations for the General Staif Council have
184c
been drawn
to
the
184i
iip
itself
by
^M'MW^^B Kuan^*
Two
184c.
Li^'
To them
Two
Tzu^
l^liif^'
Chancery of the General Staff Council
Chiin^
who
are. in
charge
184e.
of this office
To
184f.
offices
these officials
184D.
the duties
to be fixed
1.
2.
^-
4.
5.
6.
At
184g.
jgi
T'ingi
Chang^
is
all affairs
Section.
Each
is
Directors of
This
the
officials
official directs,
General Staff
by a
184h.
gj] "g" Fu^ Kuan^ Adjutant (from officials of the
rank of Captain or Lieutenant), Avho manages the general affairs.
184i.
Each Section
is
determined).
[
02
At
OP>G AXIZATIOX
184j.
is
OF
184j
^'\
CIIIXa.
^ ^ M.
I'
in
is
officials
^^
charge
184l
Fii-st
officials of simihir
-'
Z:
civil
rank),
^^M
^'^^^^*
H ^4 M
^'"'^
I'^'*^'
'^'*^""g^
officials of
For the
work
clerical
i^^
I'
Class,
-'
H^ ^
if<
J^rli*
Class, and
3.
H ^ 11^ San'
Tcng-^
Lu*
Class.
184k.
of these
is
Po^
'g'
not fixed.
They
The number
tiie
Emperor on
184l.
No.
184b>
^IJJlf
Having
all
Ts'an^
the
under
Field
its
control
Officers
Mou- Kuan\
of
stated
(as
the
Anny
alx)vc
in
and Navy,
Officers,
in
six
exaiuinations at the
establishment, the
Military
School
for
Academy
FieM
(see "So.
Officers
at
7\2
until its
I^aotingfii,
srr
No. 712.\) uml to persons who have completed the course of study
[
<Ja
185
.
These
officers,
185b
Commanders
of
may
they
distinction they
New
wear particular
For
Palace Guards.
THE NAVY.
WIMM'W-^B^
185.
Wu*
Ch'ou''
Hua* Hai^
Board
of Finance,
Navy.
was
185a.
Two
W^M^J^^
<^h'ou=
the
Navy
jtl
"^s&i^ Hsiin^,.
Prince of the 3rd Degree, and Admiral '^% |yt }}<. Sa^ Chen*
Ping^), who were directed to formulate plans for an independent
Ministi-y of the
Navy
185b.
i@ '^
not yet organized.
A[5
(sec
No. 185b).
Hai^ Chiin^
(i4
Pu\
]
rr.ESEXT
Board
^ :^ ^ Hai'
l^oc.
Board
to the
office
War.
of
War
of
(see
Naval Council
(^hiin^ (;h'u%
The
War
in
attached
1907 (sanctioned by
By
the
1909,
War
of
"ouncil
Keortranization of the
At
185e.
Navy
(see
No.
and
18.3 a).
supervising
of
up
the
i.r.
Navy
No.
(sec
of Rules
shipbuilding.
assisted
1^
I80F.
Departments
three will
to
consist
of
p]
Ssu',
be arranged for.
of Urgent
2^ '^ Chi> Yao' Ssu', Department
dealing with the drawing up of naval codes and
regulations,
armament
en| neering.
It
1-
is
latter
18jg.
Affairs
UUi
is
of
ships,
navigation
and
marine
Regulations,
-
C.^
f'f
Ch'ou'
Ilsieh'
KN)',
Section
for
Naval
Armament,
^-
^^^
looc
'^O
185o
^^
4.
fif
for
Marine Engineerj^
ing.
^^^
185 J
each
Director, assisted
Department
is
w]
by a ;^
'g*
there
Department
Ssu^
Chang',
Cheng^ Fa^ Kuan',
Registrar.
by 12
^ij-
is
^ij-
^ K'o^ Yiian-,
^
This
is
Kuan\
Works
(of
the
^X^
;^
'^
Fa'-
Ch'eng^
'g*
First,
I*
tl
j;
I^
5l^
185i.
Tactics
23.
The
pj Yiin* Ch'ou2
supervises
hydrographical
1
matters
It
affairs.
is
of
Department
Ssu',
strategy,
of
Naval
and
instruction
K'o\
^^
^ ^ f^ Chiao^ Wu* K'o^ Instruction Section, and
Hai^ K'oS Hydrographical Section.
M ^^
f4 Mou^
Section of Strategy,
Liieh*
Ts'e*
JIJ
staff of the
*M Ch'eng^
j^ K'o'
fij-
Section CJhief, 6 f4
^^'o^ Yiian^ Secretaries (of the
P Shih^ Chief
Second
and
Third
First,
^jfj
Classes), 2
Lu* Shih*^
I' Shih^ Engineers, and 6 |
Engineers, 3
Chang^,
Writers.
i ^ Ch'u' Pei*
mtmications and Accounts
not yet
185.1.
^ tf f
4"
Hui*
Ssu',
Department
in operation.
This
of
Com-
is
to
fi6
be
2-
^ >^ Fu
SI?
3.
t |g
Its
staft"
Director, a ;^ J^
include a
Ch'ong'^ Fa'
Ssu'
Kuan\
Chung^ Section
I^"o^
185k
K'o',
*0
f^f T'un''
will
Section, a T^f
Yung*
CHINA.
OI-
Chang',
Department
Chief, 9
flj-
^ K'o' Yiian',
6^^
18oK.
yet functioning
1^
:
Department
will
include a o]
I'
p1
Sections.
Its
staff
^ 1^
:i^
Kuan\ Medical
I^
and
Classes),
G ||^
This
Navy.
will
'j^
Officers
Iju* Shih*,
Writers.
185L.
Law
t^
for
drawing up
;g<
Department of Naval
Ssu',
This Department
naviil laws.
Chang\
Wu*
Fa*
u\
will
not be
^ ^
^
'i^
Ssu^
^'^ 'g'
Ssu' Fa* Kuan', Legal Advisers (of the First, iSecond and Third
Classes), and
||^
M^^
1^-J>'-
This
preting Office).
'^''i'
Tiao,
at
its
185().
its
head
is
directed by a
head
'^
Vi)]-
1H.'>!'.
Jn)<;tor.s.
is
a {^
^^lilji'
a
H^l
Ch<'ng* Chien'
^ '^ ^ Ping'
ISox.
(JHice
J*ieni I* Chii',
is
by a jE ^.
assisted
t'^
Flsiieh"
i|^ T'i'
Ilsiieh-
Tiao% Proctor.
Kuau^ Medical
Institute; at
of
Schools,
".>(),
750a
to
7oGc,
7.")7
and 757a
[
<-
to
]
7o7c.
Docks
srr
Nos.
^^^^^
186
to
187
bj an Imperial Edict dated the 17th December^1908, under the direction of six officials, chosen from the ranks
established
of Princes of the
Ministries
Council of State.
by the programme
of Constitutional
Peforms) has, as
is
stated in
Empire and
is
Bannerman, and
all
the
differences
1H6A.
UnmMM M it E Tsung^
ic
Ch'en^ Presidents of
above
The
tlfe
Commission for
at present, as stated
staff of the
Commission
C8
^^X^
^^
188b
its
^^I
head.
reference
to the examination
instructed to di-aw
of officials
suitable Regulations.
up
Chin*
^:)^:&P/f
at the
Bureaux,
{Provincial
Yen*
^Jj}
(^ommissionei's
Treasurers,
Taofais) as
all
fjg
of
Education,
Police
tendents.
As
At
eitlicr
by the Government
i^ |^
^^
?lj^
aie
similar to
Chleh* Yen'
internal organization
Offices
as
18HA.
The
official,
Chir, Anti-Opium
Offices.
those of
the
Anti-Opium Bureaux
{see
No. \HH).
Finally, the Authorities everywhere exhort the
establish
Gentry
to
IHHM.
Societies,
Jl^i^^^iH.
aim
the
of
<"hieh*
which
is
Yen'
to
struggle
by every means
"
by V. V. Ilagelstrom,
Summary
of
Measures
^^
189
taken
in
b)^
Good News"
COMMITTEE
IN
^^X^^
i9.
Committee
"
Ch'urig
in
Charge
of
Ling";
January, 1909.
This Committee of four ^K f^
f'^
Mausoleum,
of
^^ i^
5th
the
Ch'eng^
and the
late
Grand Secretary,
Tsai^
'Ise^,
lin^),
^ '^
"h'ing,
^ |^
Emperor ^f.
reign known
7?:
^^
Yii''
of constructing the
the supervision of
by
Golden Dragon).
(of the
The work
officials,
see
laie
as
Western Mausolea
Tjung^
holding
Mausoleum
is
going on under
^ ^ .Chien^
Txi\ Inspectors
(eight,
and
The Edict
Emperor Kuang
same
see
the
Hsii's
M^
years
of
70
five
190
HISTORIOGRAPHICAL C0MMI5510N.
^ Shih'
Lu^ Kuan'; Commission of Historiography appointed by Imperial Edict of the 21st February, 1909,
at the Grand Secretariat (see No. 130), for the compilation
190.
f,^
^ ^ Ch'un^
Ch'iu',
i.e.
chronolou^ieal order
in
of the annals of
^ ^^
Tsung^ Ching^
(1875
^ Ivuang'
Emperor ^\ 7^
from
his reign called
Ti%
Huang-
'^^'
Hs'.i*
f.g-
1908).
determiiung
submitted to
<
Grand
1-
.^
His
Secretaries).
of these, 2 are
2 are j^
^|^
^I^W.'^
-
from the
''
fj^
jjj^
and
^l'"".i?'
wlj
W>
Ts'ai^,
Manchu
Directors,
and
lie '^'"^
Grand
Man^ T>ung'
^^ Han' Tsung^
(one
is
Historiography
^fflt^t^
of the
and
duties
its
its
Mongol Director)
is
\'icc-l*resident.s of Ministries
3 are
Manchua and
3 are
Chinese',
3.
1
Jl
T'i-
.^-
Tsung' TsuaIl^
Tiao\ Proctors
(1
Mam-hu,
'hief
Revisers
Clilnese
and
Mongol),
-*
<
(2
Manchus,
12
fij'f
Tsuan' Hsiu',
Pevisers
(14
Manchus,
20
'0
tfJJi
liff
Hsieh^
Il-iii',
^^
'
fixel
number),
197
i^^j
9-
|S^
10.
Chiao*
^ Fan^
Tui"*,
I*,
j^ ^J Kungi
Shih'',
^#
191.
the
highest
drawing up
15c
establishment
of
The
The
are
192.
of the National
These
Academy
Academy
are
officials
2b, (one
Grand
usually
Manchu and
Secretaries,
one' Chinese).
Presidents
or
Vice-Presidents of Ministries.
193.
(Academician)
Hsiieh^
3a, (two
Shih^
one
f#il
Academy
(two
^
one
Manchu and
of the
197.
Chinese)
from 4b to
consequence of a
4a.
The rank
4>.\..
Shih''
three
from 5b
This
to 4a.
Manchus and
was raised
in
196.
Academy
one Chinese).
of Ministers.
^M^
Academy
the
of
195.
Members
to 4i
ai-e
4b.
4b.
'-2
198.
("Iiuan^
199.
5 \.
^J
fj^,
This
piist
Besides
200.
the
Academy,
the
there
forej^^oing
following degrees,
relating
open
foiTnerly
^^
No. 629c),
are,
In 1909
its
the
to
successfid
to
in
educated abroad
200a.
ji^JII Hsiu'
The rank
5a.
No. 630).
(see
of this title
For particidars
Chuan^ Compiler
as to attaining
scr
it
6 P. to 5a, in 1909.
200R.
(literary
^ ^
For particulars
as
7b
fi ^TJ*
to 5ii in 1909).
For
particulars as to
5b (rank
its
raised from
201-
Irl ill
of the National
Baciielors
'^li'i'
Academy
Ch'ang'
made
KuanS Department
u|)
the I'alacc,
T'lass
>tyled
mav
attain
and Corrector
J
^^
by
of ^,
unsucccsbfiil
Liir
;t(
by a
s])e(Mal
Nos. 200b-().
Kuan\
Shu
Study
Sliih*.
These graduates
Cli'ang
Kuan
and,
conunission within
tiie
(srr
the
at
of
Shu* Chi"
i.e.
described as
[
n tained
m5^
'-^
^U
]
at
'*^an*
.\cadcmy
those
198
tO
201
CIIIXA.
as District Magistrates or as
Secretaries of Boards.
At
205
Two
20lA.
(number
T'i'
15:
:/c
Manchu and
Professors (one
two J
one Chinese).
^^
They
are assisted
by
indefinite).
is
a staff of
[flj^
J^
202.
stationed
here are two M. f^ Tien' Pu^ Senior xirchivists (one Manchu and
one ('hinesej ; 8b, and two JL
Mu*, Jimior Archivists
(one
Chinese)
K'ung'
of unclasscd rank.
there
is
a staff of
|j]^
x^ Pi*
203.
fl^ fg
Edicts (Manifests).
Tai*
To
ChaoS Compilers
this
9b, and a
staff of
attached two f^
^-
iflj^
it^
f^
Pi^ T'ieh^
ShihS Clerks.
204.
a staff of
The
(Ji,F,-
^ Pi3
officials
T'ieh'
attached
8hih^ Clerks.
to this
are
office
on duty at the
Palace daily.
205.
Office
^^
III
x-eign
what are
is
is
written
called
^||^
u]).
iSJiih^
This
Lu%
kept secret until the death of the reigning Emperor, when one
copy is deposited at the National Academy, one sent to the
[
"4
Secretariat,
is
to
On
compiling
ment
in
official
Edict to do
S])i'cial
so.
Tiao^
flij
|j^l
These are
Assistant Director-General.
Fu"*
assisted
Proctors (two
Tsung^
by 4 |^
Ipj
10
v'hinese),
Ts^ai^,
T'i^
l^j
Chinese;.
THE CENSORATE.
206.
^ ^ Tu'
(^ ^ ^
^\
designation,
Yii'
T'ai^);
officials,
when necessary,
and private
life,
In addition to their
official
title,
members
of the Censoratc
'^
blyes and Eai's
is
which
the
of
made
ware
the
state of the
(through
Kmperor
Yen^ Kuan', Speech Officials, i.e. Officials
Empirej, and
I'^i'h^
^^
The
Cen.sorate institution
spoken of in the
Some reforms
accordance with
in
Ch'in^ dynasty,
in
China
i.e.
Censorate
the
extremely old
is
two centuries
made
were
::,
it
is
liA'.
in
1906
20oa
in
itself,
206
207
to
^ fP ^
207,
Tu^
Before
207a.
two
&W>M ^
:&
the Censorate.
208.
llJ
Chinese).
:M^)
glj
Tso'
209.
Tso3
Fn^ Tu^
Yii*
Consorate
(literary
designation,
iJ
Fu* Tu^
Presidenr of the
3a.
This
Before
209a.
Yii*
ShiliS
Senior
glj
^^^^''
i>^ ^
Hsien*)
Hsien*); iB.
3a.
208a,
&
^^^
'^"^
^^^^^
Vice-President of the
Fu^ Hsien*)
its
Censorate (one
207b.
Sliih',
Ifg^ Tsung^
(literary designation,
SIOa
Yii^
to
'ensorate
title is
its
Chinese).
Shih^,-
Junior Vice-
designation,
glj
Fu*
borne by Governors.
|\lj
^^^
Y'i*
J|^^r1<
^P5
Scrutiny
of
^^
Chi* Shih'*
ifi,^
210a. At the i^
4i ^j pg Chi* Shih* Chungi Ya= Men^
Yen^ Chiu^
No, 210) it is intended to establish a ifpf
So*, Reference Library, containing A'^arious woiks, and where
Foreign and Chinese newspapers will be kept on file, so tliat the
^^
(see
Censors
may be
7r,
T'i*
f I^
(Interpreters):
for Scrutiny of
the
of
In
Ministries.
e.ch
Section there
were two
Junior
Chung',
^<f^m
Metropolitan
W>M^ T"'
211-
Chancery
^''il''
pf
Chi^ Shih*
designation,
(literaiy
i^ Tu^ Shih*,
MM'M
the Censorate
Offi-.ials of
At
212a.
(see
6a.
-!-
At
Censors
Chi^ (^lien*).
'i^a*
the
Chancery
is
6a.
(see
^4^^
a staff of
all).
Wai'
(Jhing' Li*,
212b.
Tf:
1j^
Supernumerary Registrars.
-^
Fa'
rU'C-uir^
K'o', Trans^mission
and
it
now
is
the
No.
2U())
intention
p]
to
^ j^
{^
Office,
}^f
and have
bring
the
all
Shou' Fa'
staff of
ji
it
Wu*
Ssu'
8tyle<l tlic]j^
mission
^ Ching'
(^ensorate,
Ministries.
Wen^ Shu'
^)
tlic
Office.
ijt
It
("hhi*.
is
to be
Trans-
i}i5.
4.q
212b
21 On.
210b
77
213
tQ
2144
acted upon, the Chancery (see No. 211) ana the Kegistiy (see
No. 212) will, in all probability, be abolished.
The
Tao'', Kiangsu Censor Circuit).
which
is
Chihli Censor Circuit,
styled
(Jensor
Metropolitan Circuit, and the Manchurian
for the three provinces,
which
^^
called
(Jircuit,
one
Liao^ Shen^
5^
Liaovang Moukden Censor Circuit (.^ Liao^, abbreviation
Shen^ for ff f^ ShOn^ Yang^ the
of jg 11 Liao^ Yang2, and
is
Tao"*,
ancient
name
Moukden).
of
full
title
of
Provincial
a
is
Censor,
Anhui
taking
Circuit.
For
th^
Circuits
the
^ ^^ ^
5t
"i^
al ii
214.
employed
^ il ^
Formerly,
latter,
I-iao'
in
two
214a.
Supervising
chow);
also
^
tlie
in
Jt Up
<^'l^'a'
ib
Ts'angi
Government Granaries
charge
of
portage
[
78
of
Shih\ Censors
Peking and T'ung-
Yii^
(at
is
these
215
tO
215a
5UPREME COURT OF
215.
Revision
;fv;
Jl
Ta*
Li'
JUSTICE.
Court of Judicature
Ssu',
and
Court, with
Tiiis
the l^oard of Punishment (see No. 438) and the Censorate (see
No. 206
Ssu',
was' styled
1,
the general
Ih'
title
q]
?"!
"^nii'
ta*
Three
By
Imperial Edict,
specially
Empiie.
Jl
[15^
with the
entrusted
administration
instance,
this
Court
\,as
('ourt of first
officials,
and
last
(see
Xo.
in
760),
No. 759).
(^^'T^mig'
finally, in cases of
justice
the
and,
Also,
it
Imperial C'lnnsmen
l)y
of
all
crimes committed
is
functions
1906, the
7th December,
C^ourt of t^udicature
215a.
dated the
State
Shili'')
)ffi(i;ils,
and
and,
Courts of Assizes).
tlustice must,
and delivered
after having
judgnii'iit,
forward
its
decision
to
the
Ministry of
7:i
210
to
217
Court
Supreme
of
Justice,
the
nevertheless
latter
an
is
of direct reports
independent establishment, having the privilege
to the Throne.
A new arrangement
by
Supreme Court
of the
of Justice, devised
was proposed
State,
sanctioned by the
The
216.
Revision was
Throne
the
to
in
Court
the
of
of
Judicature
and
1 ic 5M
1.
iP '^^^' f^i' Ssu-* Ch'ing', Director of the
Court of Judicature and lievislon (literary designation,
^l|
T'ing" Tse')
2.
Director
3a,
M#
;/c
the
of
designation, f^
3.
1^
'J^
^ Tso' Chi')
T^
Li'
'^^'
Shao*
Ssu^
and
Court of Judicature
4a,
2iS
4.
^ ^ ^ Yu* Ssu*
pj
Ssu^); 6a,
5-
^fl^^
^ nP ^* Yu* P'ing^
2 16 A.
is
"pj
Ssu^); 6a,
the
;/^
At the head
7a, and
Shih'*,
and Revision
7 a.
Supreme Court
of the
of Justice
of
217.
i^c
Jl p^
^p
80
the
m is
i^
JflJ
of
Department
CIIIXA.
subordinated to him
19
to
|f|
charge of the
218a.
Jf\]
:
this
^'^\
Department consists of 4 j^
1.
by
inspired
5^
T'ing', ISections,
Emperor and
the
namely
supervising cases
the State,
^H
2.
J^
'i
i*
supervising
Tsung^
and
Shih''.
3.
^ |^
officials,
^ ^ J^
San'
^ i*
Third Section
T'ing^,
supervising
and
4.
p^
'i'i*
Ssu* T'ing^
Fourth Section
supervising
Civil
XV:
consisting of 2
1.
^_
'Ji<
'>^
VnV
Ch'eng', Director of
He
.5a.
^li"'
Shih*,
is
charge of the
in
Department
shown below
tlie
subordinated
Secretaries of
K'o',
T'ing', as
jy^-
oases concerning
with appeals,
Cases;
>f-l"
Civil
of
the
Cases,
dealing with
civil
in civil cases,
3S
"^
JG^ Ti*
rli*
I'ing',
Second Section
dealing with
of Dmvincial Courts of
appeals, in civil cases, against judgments
Assizes.
Ml
220.
Office.
'J
ir-s
^IS
f?|
offi-e
as
is
Tloir'
1*11*
supervised
[
HI
T'ing',
by a
]
<
ancery
\\\l
and Record
I'"S
220
PRESENT D
221
to
323
\.T
who
is
assisted
by 4
rtnks).
22 h
is
in
^^^
5 b,
who
is
assisted
8a, and 2
by 4
||
Because of the pressure of aftairs, there was established in
1908, in accordance with a Memorial from the Supreme Court of
;
'
B'?
Wi
=^1
222.
^B
W.
General's Office
officials
established at the
Besides
as
public prosecutor, the AttorneyGeneral's Office holds inquests, where necessary, in cases in which
the Supreme Coiu-t is the court of first and last
appeal (see No.
215a) and has control over Prosecutors of lower courts.
At
W,
functioning
head
the
Wi^ B
B^
of
the
Office is a
Attorney-General's
Tsungs Chien^ Ch'a^ T'ing^ T'ingi Ch'cng^,
3b.
He has subordinated to him 6 ;^
'g'
Attorney-General
Chien' Ch'a^ Kuan', Attorneys ; 5a,
Lu^ Shih^ Writers
7a, and 4 II
;
1
;
9a.
Astronomy
fC
;
g^ Ch'ini
compiles
the
8-^
"lucky days,"
At
Chi- Jih*,
is
tO
ggg
iK^^^B
Blood.
22.5.
i)t
^ ^ ii
lE
'
5\ (one Manchu
^^
226.
fii
:i
Sll
<^^li'in'
6a (one Mc
iichu
itJi^^^i
227.
'i''ieu^
<^'l''in'
Si\\
227a.
Directors
^Ij
^ ^
Vice-Director;
Gr.,
and
Assistant Vice-Director
;&
Fu%
Senior Assistant
glj
227b. The :/c Xra Q" 1^ 'J'ai' Ch'ing^ Hui* Tien^ or the
" Institutes of the
Empire of the Ta Ch'ing Dynasty," contains
the proviso that the posts of Director, and Senior and Junior
Imperial Board of Astronomy
by Fluropeans.
Chu' Pu*, Registrar
^^
22H.
Chinese;.
22J^.
thf
H$
calejjdar
periods
of
composed
1.
of
)J^
is
the
year
The
arranged.
are
staff"
Section
defined
of
here
and the 24
tiiis
Section
is
5 3l
'y'
IE
^^ "^
ICiiaii'
Cheng',
88
224
Asirononifrs
charged
QOQ
2.
Spring,
232
# If jE Ch'iinV Kiian^
S ^ IE Hsia* Kvian^
Summer,
Autumn,
p]
for the
^jl^
Cheng^ Astronomer
'g*
rjl
1
Mid-year,
'g*
IE
Wintei",
3.
calendar ,_
4.
20
5.
ijii^
^^
230.
makes
[t|
of this Section
1.
is
composed of
^^1$
Observatory
2.
3.
4.
of
the
Supervisors
Lang",
7 b,
"in
la
231.
staff
T'ai'
Ling-
The
Po'^ Shih*,
fi^
x^
ilJi"
Mathematicians; 9b,
MM#
9a, and
(number not
"
observes time by
"
im^portant affairs.
This Section
carried on
by
^^iE
fixed).
Hsieh*
is
lucky
days for
of Clepsydra; 8a,
1.
2.
p)
*^-
^ in
4.
232.
iji,^
j^
^^^^
9b, and
(number
indefinite).
sciences necessary
T'ieni
to the proper
The College
is
performance of astronomical
administered by
Wn{^m.^^m^^f^
chieu*
T'ien'
SuperiritendcAit of the
Wcn^
Suan*
Astronomical
[
84
Kuan' Li'
Hsiielr
(^ollege
Shih*
this
post
Ch'in^
Wu*,
is
an
I'nESK.Xr
ClIIXA.
WjM
2.
T'ien'
^^
P:
^ ^ n^m
Wen- Suan^
Chien* TMen'
Superintendent of
Hsiieh-
Astronomical
tlie
Wu'*, Assistant
this post is an
CoHege
of Astrononiy
Board
Imperial
tiie
Xo. 225).
232a.
BI/
JU;|^ Clui^
fi I^
<
under a
Preceptory
Chiao^
Teachers.
Hsi',
f^
Chiao* T'ing',
"li'i'
i,^
Department
is
I'
of the
Wu*, Superintendent
post
T'ai*
P5t;
for the
of this Dej)artment
is
235.
iK^^'^K.
23r,.
X^^K.'&
this
Household.
Com-
^il T'ai'
P^
6a.
is^^f^^^Z^
230a.
Iiii])erial
Mcdicnl Dcj)artment
6a.
237.
managed
'^v^M. ShouM.ing^TMng',
In
]^
\^
A'
Office of Administration;
Mxi\ Secretaries,
{ffl
Yii'
I',
^^
23ft.
^^
Yii^
239.
]^
Eighth Rank
,^,
232a
r, Imperial IMiysiciMi.
[3
P.'i'
I'-in'
Li'
(12j.
[
H.'
Mn',
7a (15).
Secrctnrv
of
the
^3^
239a
tQ
239a. :^
is
Ninth Eank (15j.
240.
P4~
I' Shih*,
for 24 but
call
as 30).
many
This
Control.
^ ^
It
came
At
the
242.
Board
of
(ni'u*,
Board
of
Customs
all
^ m ^B^
Two
Customs
employes of the
Wu"
Sliui*
into
"^^^
Pan^ Shui^
Wu*
Ta* Ch'en^
^ p f^ ^ ^^ g
One
243.
an additional
held
office
by a President
or a Vice-
President of a Ministry).
244.
Jg 1^ T'i^ Tiao% Proctor.
245.
The Board
246.
Sections.
Chief, assisted
2
or
Customs Control
by
3 or 4 |^
^ ^ Wei^ Yiian^,
junior
of
officials of
|/j|:
is
||g
|/jf
consists of 4
^^ Ku',
Tsung" Pan\
Section
or
by Expectants
of provincial offices,
up
and inclusive of
to
Taotais).
247.
on mechanical
decisions on
95 Ti*
I' Ivu^,
First Section
and manufactured
goods
considers duties
^H^
248
exemption of goods from duty, looks into foreign loans and their
1900 Indemnity and supervises
including the
acquittance
certain taxes, i.e. the salt gabelle and Likin, collected by the
252
248.
duties
collected
by
Ti"'
tO
Mantime Customs,
country.
^ H 5x Ti*
2-i9.
Section
supervises
the tax collected on foreign and native opium and the issue of
250.
Ti-*
KuS Fourth
Ssu-*
Section
deals with
and appointment of
Customs
Board
keeps the
lf$J
seal,
H^
Shou^ Fa^
At
Deputies, and
Unclassed Deputy.
252.
College;
f^
S ^ ^
attached
to
%^ f fg
Yiian',
Wu*
Shui^
Board
the;
^
of
Tsa'
^p
Wei'
Customs Control.
'Ihis
in
The
('ustoms College
is
i.e.
i^
^^
Bu' Hsi' K'o', Preparatory Section, and -/^p( Pen^ K'o\ Spe-jial
For the first there are accepted pupils between the ages
Section.
ol
14
20 years
..nd
examinations
examinatnn
(see
;
who
Nos.
for the
have
580
Sj)eciiil
[
jtassed
to
582),
the
after
Middle
a
^^chool
competitive
253
Middle
16 and
22
and
examinations
iSchool
ears
who
Enghsh
speak
after
competitive examination.
The
The
years.
is
the
in
is
French, German
and
(Kussian,
oO and that o
36.
of study
course
is
iSpecial
Japanese,
all
and
optional,
and commercial
political
(Justoms
treaties,
regulations,
book-
keeping, etc.
as graduates of
At
Customs
to
is
C^ollege
him
are
|f|
$^
Tsung^* Pan^^
Chiao*
Tsung' Chiao-^ Hsi-, Senior Teacher, 8 fjc
1
Wu^
Wei'
Chai^
Hsi-, Teachers,
Yiian^, Supervisor
f^
of Dormitories (sec No. 645), 1 ^; ff
Shu^ Wu"* Wei^
1
li 1^
^^
^^
College,
drawn up by the
Customs
f^
T'ung' Shang'
The
initiative
Hai^
functions at
Kuan',
Chinese
ports open
KW An^.
Impei-ial
of
all
the
Imperial
jNIarltlme
in
1854, at the
<^
^
at
254
257
goods.
At
lu 1863 Mr.
Lay was
i\Ir.)
Kobert
Hart, who has retained his post to the present and to whose
ability in organization and indefatigable zeal the Chinese owe
that the Maritime Customs
now one
is
The
was formerly
Affairs,
staff of the
up
least,
ftold
they
1901,
and,
positions),
of Foreign
later,
However,
Yamen
of the
in
th'^
fceign
The
Customs
administration
is
2-^-1
Chinese
the
of
arranged as follows
B ^ W
$t
Tsung-^
Inspectorate General of Customs.
li^.
^^^^^
f^
General of Customs, to
m)
^Maritime
Imperial
Tsung=^
Shui*
Shui*
Wu^
Ssui
Wu^ Ssu\
Shu',
Inspector
whom
2^6.
JglJ
i>i()n
^ ^ 1^
nl
Fu^ Tsung'
No. 273).
Sluii'
Wu'
Ssii',
Deputy
Wu'
Sa Jl
>SC
;f^{;
Ts.uig^
81)
Li'
en
An' 8hui'
tO
I'RESENT
IQ
^mm^^M^
Wu*
258.
258
i^^an^ Li^
^^mB
260.
Han^ Wen^
mM ^ n ^m ^Wu*
UB
259.
gg^
"^
Ssu^,
Audit Secretary.
Wu* Ssu^, Non-
resident Secretary.
261.
it
jl
fift
^S
p]
Wu^
Ssu',
Statistical Secretary.
g il ^MfSWuB
262.
Shni*
Wu*
g if ^ ^ ^ ^
263.
Hsiang' Pan*
Rl
gij
Wu*
Shui*
^ a ^J
Hsiang^
Pan* Han*
m^^nmmmmUB^
Wu*
264.
Hsiang^
Ch'a=^
Ko*
Secretary.
265.
Wu*
3a
iIJi-
aij
o] Tsao*
it 3^
Ch'u* Fu*
Ts'6*
Shui*
266.
^^ ^
li
Wl
ii
^ ^ ii T'ungi
Secretary.
267.
Customs
The
ports
at the
Open
2-
Ports.
arranged as follows
is
1-
Shang^ Ko*
^^
W f^ ^
RJ
Shui*
Wu*
Ssu^,
Shu* Shui*
Commissioner of Customs.
Wu*
of Customs.
3'
S'J
^ ^ "^
^^^^ Shui*
Wu*
of Customs.
4.
U^l
UB
wl
Shu*
Fu*
Wu*
Shui*
Ssu^ Acting
Charge.
6-
ft 5M 1;
M^WM
nl
<^'li'ao'
Wu*
Ssu\ Assistant
in
M^^ M
"
H^^
*J.
ii Jn
Wen' Pang'
10.
jr/jl
^ ^^ ^ ^ ^^
Kung^
Shili*,
Clerk.
lliird
26 S.
<^'ii"^ ^'l^ing^'
fit ||T
officers of the
Customs
M'^i^l^
I-
^'il
tlie
folloAving
Cli'ii^>'
survevor.
^ T&
'^'^^^'
fiti
3.
^- m k W fS
'ja
Tcng' Tsung^
Hsiin^, Tidesurveyor.
Acting Tidesurveyor.
H ^ t& Wi
^'''^''
surveyor.
5-
n^
t^, y&.
^IS
Jf
^i
Acting Boat Officer,
r,.
-^-
5^
^li"' I-i'
"
51
^-
H^
^-
10.
l/n
"^ i^
^ ^ T'ou^ Tcng'
Class Tidewaiter.
II-
^^''''''
It ^- ^F
HI
di-ien'
Vung'
Tzu'
Sliou',
Probationary Tidewaiter.
12.
209.
H-iin' P, Watcher.
is
Customs cruising
flotilla.
Ill
charge of each
cr-uiser is
a %{
jjf^f
'xi
mL
V*
l^^siin'
Ch'uan'
5iii
l^[\
'T'r
.?S S'J
^''^'"'"
Cli'uan" iCiiau'
Officer.
[
''l
Chia'
KuV
First
268
^^
^69
270
%^ ^M^&\]
2.
Second
to
^-
272
Officer.
i^
^ iE H
Hsiin^
glJ
Kuan' Chia^
Ch'uan^
San^
^^ W
4.
Ira
Lun' Cheng\
First Engineer.
5.
iHS
Ira ^Ij
Hsim'' Ch'uan'
Engineer.
^ fl
7k ^ ^ M
6.
'^'
^-
@C
"i*
5i^
ii-#
Ch'u*,
i^sii^^' T'ing''
Launch
Pien*,
270.
Ying'
1^'ao^
M Ying* Tsao*
a ^B yi,
is
supervised by a
Engineers' Office,
Tsao^ Ssu\ Engineer-in-Chie.
Subordinated
Officer.
||l
To
^* oa
him,
there
Tsung^
are
^ 5a
w']
h1
F^^*
2.
3-
27 L
Supervision of
tlie
liarbour
is
entrusted to a j^
X^
is
is
j^
General supervision of all
Hsiin' Kuang^ Ssu\ Coast
Inspector.
T'ing\
Har.bour
Avho
Master,
is
assisted
fi^
Li' C'h'uan^
by f^
'J^ ,9f
Chih*
Po'' So',
Berthing Officers.
In addition, there are
1-
2-
3.
Li^ Signalmen,
iMMM Hsin*
Hsiin^
VX
M |
Chiangi Li^ River Police, and
A yk E
Chiangs Pilots.
Ch'i=^
Tii^
Shui-'
The Customs
272.
also administers a
11
JlS
in
charge of a
|f
JK |
i|:
j^ Teng' T'a*
r]
Tengi Ch'uan*
[
92
(^hu',
]
Hsiui^ Teng^
:
Lightship Captains,
2.
3.
II if 11
/!
Fu^
Lightship Mate,
a nd
^A
Teng^ T'a'
Chih'^
keepers.
There
273.
is
organization of China.
{see
War
no
yet
a;s
uniformity
in
the
Postal
Government Post
list see
lines of those of
European
countries.
Ihese are
is
fIJ i^
Tsuug^ Yu' Cheng^ Ssu\ Inspector General
Posts (this post has always been an adjunct of that of Inspector
li
of
General of Customs).
of
Customs
ffj
j;
arc
ifJS[
i^
|i^J |/j^
filj
Yu^
||j|
ijijg
de8crij)tions,
Offices,
^'
i.e.
and $^ H^
$|^
iJF^
^^
|,i^i
^'''
Yu^
Cheng'
273
PART
II.
MINISTRIES
MINISTRIES (BOARDS).
MINISTRIES (BOARDS) IN GENERAL.
274.
addition
Ill
to
establislinients
already
mentioned,
of the Empire.
China
all
parts
"^j^
Tviu*
l*u'. Six Ministries (Boards) and other offices, the new ]\1 inisti'ies
are gradually changing the former practice of administration of
Government
the
to
is
bending
Ministries everything
itself to
that
is
a policy of
of general
The
1-
^h
Atlliirs {sf'c
2.
(see
l>j
J\J
^|5 T^i^
{sfc
jff
0. oB
^I'"'^
;>3*J to
^%
Nos. 34'J to
''
Pu^
to 338),
Xos. 333
"'
^^^^i* ^^"^i^
nfJ
Cheiig^
i'u^ MlniM.;
viH'anl)
.1
thr
348).
Tu' Chlh'
Pii',
Mlm>li.N
05u;u.l) of FliiMnce
37.0),
(..yt
No^. 37t)
to 394),
G.
<No.H.
f^\
3l>.>
Ilsiich-
I'll',
Ministry
to 414j,
[
07
(Board; of
J-Ldurjition
274
to
(see
438
to 459),
275
7.
g77
^ X
1^
Communications
m^
11.
(see
SK Lr^ Fani
Pu^
into
fi{-
]^ Ku^, Sub-sections.
is
f^
;^ I^
Ch'eng^ Cheno-*
,^<
Ts'an^
Also, at the
T'ingS Secretarial.
Ch'u"*, Committees
The head
276.
of
at
all
is
the Ministry of
subordinated to a
Wu* Pu*
Shih*
Wu*,
No. 305b).
At one
period
from 1907
to
affiiirs
1909
the Ministry of
the ^j
Foreign
|j||
?g ^\^ f^
Controller,
of the
there
"^
Affiiirs,
*|^
to
f^,
whom
see
Ministry
Avere Controllers
mW-U^ B
is
War (^
Jg:
(^51^*0^^
Pu* Shih*
^gS
(the late
277.
Grand Secretary ^^ ;t
Ta*
Ch'Cnr,
Assistant
is
the post of
'JH
which
Controller,
]
|/| ;)^
title
is
Hui^
I'an*'
sometimes-
conferred
becoming
f^ *n
y\*
f^
f^J
of
that
IJf^
{see
his
Ministry,
then
title
^Vai'
:H)3l)).
Shang^ Shu^
whom
1b, to
2 "9.
are subordinated
^ f^
Shih* Lang2
Tso^^
Ei;
280.
:^ f^
T'aug''^)
designation,
(official
gi;
President
Pu*
^* Pu*
'esignation, ^[5
(official
(official
|^
AfJ
^Ministry.
designation,
*|5
^^
'^^^'
Tso-^ Ch-eng-, Senior Coiuicillor
3a one at
each Ministry, >vith the exception of the Ministry of Depen;
282.
:;^
3a
one at
No. 492).
one
at
283.
^ # li
Dependencies
284.
Tso^
Ts'an^
Senior
P,
4a
Secretary,;
each
(see
No. 492).
^ ^ p^ Yu* Ts'an^
I',
Junior Secretary
4a
one
Depen-
284a.
Under
previous to
1901, at
the
Vice-Presidents
tluiiior
The
first
and,
(Manclui
Vice-Presidents
whom
and
liincse
uManchu
and
respectively)
Chinese
established
hiter,
in
at
the Ministry of
1905,
at
the
Foreign
Ministries
of
and
two
respectively).
;
to
284a
As
078
these were
Affaii-s,
in
1901,
Education, of the
285
4.^
285c
Interior
in the
Autumn
finally,
^ ^ M
285.
Ministry (Board) ;
This office
charge.
a
in
is
(see No. 340), of Finance (see No. 350), of War {see No. 422),
of Justice (see No. 441) and of Posts and Coipmunications
(see
No. 473).
(see
No. 351), of
War
(see
(see
No. 442)
Besides
Councillors
'Nos.
(see
281
and
282),
Chiefs (see
No. 290);
three at the
Ministry of
Finance,
Assistant
Section
Chiefs
(see
No.
291)
four
at
the
(see
No. 292)
and
The Council
of the Ministry of
members
285a) are
285c.
the
War
No.
Section
Chiefs
(see
No. 290)
Finance,
Assistant Section Chiefs (see No. 291)'; four at the Mhiistry of Finance.
[
100
riiESENT
Second
No. 292)
try of Finance,
CIIIXA.
and
tO
two ut the
^linistries
and Communications.
War
has a
])ei'uliar
^ ^% Ts'an^
2st).
Commiinication-r, -^ 3fP
Ministry; oa.
These
the
or, at
as seen above,
officials,
No. 28oc).
and
are attached to
to
7K3 il
Councillors
or
Expectant
Expectant
288.
:fe
T-ano'
President of a Ministry)
tries
of
No. 377
H.<lno-' Tsou',
These
Secretaries.
arc
an indefinite jium])er.
Chu^*
6a.
in
Shih^ Secretaries
They
the
(of
Civil
:
(sec
289.
various
the
jMinistries
The
Ministry of Wai-.
last
290.
(literary
Il|>
Eang'^
|*
designation,
Department
], B|5
Cheng*
201.
Lang-)
Wai'
Directors (literary
Chi' Lang')
5h
;
286
designation,
5a,
in
each
285 n) and at
).
liung',
]i\l
l\\\
2 to h in each
to
Assistant Dr{)artment
Vu*
Lang'
Department;
also
oJ"
stationed at the
Councils (see No. 2H5ij) and at the Secretarial Offices (see No.
285c).
[
>'"
ooi
292
to
298
^ ^
292.
Ministries
to 6
in
Chu^
(literary
to"
^ Ssu^
p]
f/ Ch'eng' Fa^
Chiefs.
fj|-
Kuan\
No.
294.
No. 285c).
293.
6a
of
Secretaries
('lass
Ohxi^ Cheng'*);
J^ j^
designation,
each Department
285b) and
Second
Shih^
K'o^
Pi^ Cheng*).
iSJC
Chang^ Department
Registrars.
fl{-
Secretaries
Section
Jiiau^,
Controllers.
Lu*
;f^
(of
first,
Shih*,
The above-mentioned
in the various
of
are found at
all
the JNIinistries,
War.
295.
ifi 'b*
the Ministry of
correspond to the
296.
officials
p1
Shu^ Chi*
KuanS
\\l^
first,
second
Nos.
they
i^ ^. Ssu^
Wu*
8a, in
This
charge.
office
^
is
M. E' Wai*
Ssu^
Yiian^ Supernumerary
Department Officials having the titles of Department Director
(see No. 290), Assistant Department Director (see No. 291),
tl ^h
nl
They
(see
Departments
(see
in
No. 293).
an indefinite
WJ
These
Officials
j^,
f^ K'u*
102
Ilsiao"^
r-m^ Hsiao'
Ch'ii
'g*
seventh
the
of
Oflicial
4: n^ /h
rank, and /\
Kuan', Official of
(I'hiiig^
tlie
/J>
^^
Ohlncri
an indefinite
in
Kung' Wu^
Wn* P
tui-e.
Lu'
I*
Industry
i'
301.
first
Agrii'ul-
and Comnierce
f^
'^
{srr
gifj
No.
(sec
Railway Ad\
Yiian'-,
and
(lA
-IGSJj
and
JJ^
anil
first
seventh rank)
Kuan',
War
Nos. 427 h
{ser
the
(of
Physicians
(see
No.
sixth
and
and
f||
Xo. 484).
30P\.
Shang'
isers, at
Tv, and
"i
second rank
8a and 9a.
r;;id<
^^
i^ f^
and Connunnications
second
consisting- of
\;iau*,
Yiian-,
\\ u'
Advisers
I' Yiian-,
t^ ri
No.
34Gh).
302.
first,
1^
f,-^
'g*
Tzu'
Education
(see
i>)
second, thinl
Secretarial
ffi
IJ!]
and
Ij-
Ministries of
No. 42.3a
(see
Tlie
()fH<-e).
tliey
are
nuinix'r of these
rank)
<
'onmiei'i'C (srr
No. 4H3)
raid<
c.f
in
1"^'
the
first,
Ministries of
an indefinite ninnher.
fiist
.limioi'
(r
at
Councillor (srr
at the
foutid
283
War
Ku' \Ven'
foui-th
302 r..
rank)
indefinite.
302a.
and
I*
f(juitli
<>f
I)<
299
to
Those are
rank.
eit;"hth
7^^i^
Pa' Pmu^
'(j*
3023
303
+Q
The
306
some
for
distinguished
of Adviser
title
is
initiated
the
Province, if
Lu%
303.
affairs
;^
the
(of
"p]
Chien' Ch'a^
first,
^ '^
High
-^
'g*
second
ff
Kuan\
ilj IfS
Ning=^
Inspectors of Military
third rank);
ar.d
Hsin^
attached in an
(see
304.
the
Kwangtung
indefinite
War
1?^
in
Shan-t'ou
T'ieh^
?Ul
i^
of
building
Ssu'^
Ministries
T'ang'
Ofiicials
of
Kuan\
the
designation
Ministries,
Kuan', common
Secretary
common
Secretaries
designation of
rank of
below the
to
all
included.
of
the
(''dignitaries"
and
all
officials
"
officers.")
m^M^BWi?^
li
Tsungs L? Ko'^ Kuo^ Shih*
Men^, Office of Foreign Affairs (shorter || J^ fgj P^
Tsung' Jj? Ya2 Men^; also Hg ^- Tsnng^ Shu*); established by
Imperial Edict of the 31st January, 1861, for dealing with all
305.
Wu^
Ya"-'
matters
concerning
representatives of
the latter
(Tientsin
the Capital (previously
;
and
China
the
all
104
riiESENT
and 491).
:^
'Ji^
^ ^- ^f Kuno^
Clriu^
Wano- P
was
its
and
1j^
Wen-
jjj'p
Hsien'-
j;^ '^
and
President
first
Secretaiv,
Emperor
llsin\
||f
Feng',
Kiiei*
Kung,
lisin (the
1851-1861),
Grand
Liang'-,
Vice-President of
llsiaiig-,
the
Ministry of
''
Wang^ Ta^ Ch'en", Prince and
hy the general title of IH :^
Ministers'' was not defined and sometimes i-eached eleven. High
holding snbstantive
Officials
detailed to
hut
tliis office,
it
;|g
|l|j
which
posts,
is
of
worthy
Tsmig Li Ya Men,
tlie
|^,
remark
its
existence
The omission
The
by
clerical
^ ^*
work
senior
of the
Tsung Li Ya Men
Ssn' Yiian- or p]
from the
staff'
Ssu^ Kuan'),
'g*
(official
of
all
Avhom
The members
the
of
to
|l^J
office,
unknown
to
The
six
substanti\c
naturally
])osts,
them.
being
jtaiil
or
only
attemu.
leaving no time
Tsung^ Pan*.
|/jjf
deputed
mainly to the duties of their substantive
tem])orarily
either
Tsung Li Ya Men,
that
p\
originally drafted
No. 129n).
held
performed
designation,
who were
Secretaries,
Avas
office,
ulntli
sometimes
having
stall" of ujembers of etpial standing,
o
the
on
international
views
difTercnt
practice
(piestions,
entirely
numerous
littlr
Tsung
Li
Ya
M'"n of (|uc8tl<)ns
305
305a
yvho
continually
pointed
out
to
Foreign
China the
These recom--
Powers
last, the
insisted
"
^'
"
*'
*'
An
of
Office
Foreign
Powers, that
Foreign
to
is
Affiiirs,
in
Affiiirs
by the
of
say, has transformed it into a ^Ministry
of
the
other
Si*-
Ministries.
"
principal
members
of this
Ministry."
305 A.
Affairs
f^
^\.
Aj?
On
"
""
The appointment
by Imperial Edict
which was
of Foreign
as follows
moon
the
of the
Grand
Seci'etariat
of officials
" moment.
"
" rank of
important affairs and it is more than ever necessary to
" call for the assistance of clever men and
give them opportunity
" to
study everything having reference to the establishment of
"
friendly x'elations and confidence in intercourse.
" It
is
tme
" established
"
many
"
staff,
*'
posts,
holding
'
Prince and
office there as
'
^Ministers
composing
its
lOG
its
each
'
necessary
is
it
may
^q
*'
Affairs
*'
whicli
he transformed
into
Otiice
tlie
of
Foreifrn
sliall
K>ix
Ministries of
" State.
"
*'
"
*'
*'
"
We
appoint
I IvMiang^,
Des^ree, President of
\\
(^i-and
cn-shao,
President, and
to
Works,
Secretary of
Ch'insi-,
tlie
Foreign Athairs
T'i
Jen Ko,
Wang
to be
Vice-
Lh'ii
retain
Prince
ilinistry of
tile
title
liis
Shou-p'cng, Director
of
Hsii
the
Fang,
''Expectant Mctro])olitan Vice-Director of the third cr louith
*'
rank, to be First anil Second Directors f Assistant Secretaries).
"
As
regai'ds the
appointment of a
regulations and
staff,
*'
salaries to
*'
*'
*'
IS
Us.
be
Kespect
])aid,
we
b\'
the
This."'
in c<jllaboratif n
The reform
taken
in
30.3!',.
<
autunm
the
Foreign AHiiirs
^^ u^,
(.tee
of
State, mider-
November).
()th
Tsnng-^
.flSJ'RM^fi;ffIJ^jfl'^
tlie
19(if).
Edict dated
'ontrollci- of ilic
30.0c.
Li='
M^,%^M:)d^
it.self,
Wn* Vn'
^Vni'
the
o|"
.Mini-'iry
No. 277).
[
305b
1<7
of
TTui*
Pan'
I'oieigu
Ta^
A Mini s
305o
305d
+0
308
m %i^m^ IM E
^I>
The Ministry
306.
of Foreign Affairs
fn
is
"^
composed of the
of
Intercourse
2.
Affairs
Ju
p\
officials, etc.
controls the
Railways, Mines,
sending of Students abroad.
^S
Ministry,
Affairs
B, f#
;
"pI
Shu^
\Yu*
in charge of Frontier
307.
f!j
1^
Ssu^
Wu^
T'ingS Chancery
in charge of 2 g]
(see
No. 296)
308.
Directors
officials of
1.
2.
3.
^
^
fIJ
f^^^H
Pang* Chang'
Yin"*,
Seal.
[
108
PIH:SEXT
'^'
5.
Chr.n<r3
fi1
^l%'ll1k
6.
of the Seal,
Keeper
and
Shang*
Hsing=
-t
^^
I^
Kuan', Interpreters
A uai^^
2.
'l^*
1"^^ P'i"'
^ani
I*
Kuan', Interpreters of
3.
I*
Kuan\
Interpreters
Thev
(now
E*,
Ministry of Foreign
The
in
in
.Iniie,
14tli
1907.
the
accordance with a
itself,
Memorials dated
and 3rd
established
was treated
The object
of
its
establishment
is
the
The
following
of the Mlnistrv)
i>!i
i^
T'i2
2.
V/
V,ii
iiW
3.
iJC
'M
-*
'
^-
^
/.ff.
is in
Tiao^ Proctor,
l'"S^
'i'"' '-l''^"''
Assistant I'roctor,
lit
ii
D!?
'"'''
^ >"'
Vuan, Treasurer,
lO'J
^O
^.
ranks
309
311
6.
7.
8.
315
number
to
K'o'*
of 26).
1-
lnj
established in
At
Wen^ Kuan',
ia T'ung'
1862.
certain sciences
first
College of Languages;
later, in
languages was
at
transferred,
Peking,
to
the
College
of
(sec
{gi
is:
Eepresentatives and |i
latter.
^\\
there are
1907):
313.
Ch'On^,
yH
314.
r^
fg
,15
Ambassador
35
first
fsS!
;/v
E'-h'*
H^
315.
Sani TOng=' ChSi^ Shih^ Ta^ Ch'en*
ili f^' :^
Minister Resident third rank
(salary 800 taels per month).
[
no
^^^^T'oirTeng'Ts'an'TsanS
500
"
vU
IJS
CIIIXA.
First Councillor,
taels jier
month).
Tsung^* Ling3 Shih\ Consnl-General fourth
r ^? # %
Councillor fourth rank (salary 400
318.
^''^''
319.
Ei^']^
iil^'i*
rank
Interpreter
320.
H ^ Lingtifth
taels
^'s'fi"'
^"^'^S'
taels per
Second
Tsan%
month).
'^'ou'
(salary
per month).
321.
Agent
322.
324.
300
Secretary
^f
^
fifth
AVei"
taels per
San'
Commercial
Yiian',
month).
Teng-
Ts'ani
Tsan',
Third
'I*
Krir' Teng^^
T^ung'
I'
Kuan', Second
taels pej-
325.
I'
iC '^
H^
326.
Interjjrctei-
Secretary
iiO
fifth
glj
240
fifth
Interpreter
Wu^
Shang^
^ # ^
H^
323.
327.
^' j^.
rank- (salary
Councillor
(salary
f^
p^j
sixtli
.-ixth
32H.
Zl
^ ^ le
seventh rank
Secretary
329.
%^
152
'B*
fsalary
\Vu^
l\
200
Sui-
taels per
month).
Viiaii',
Military
Attache-
German V,
oin'
MiniKtry of
330.
colloquially,
in
in
fnV
Shih^
J/^ }ff
Kuan\ Legation
Cl.'in'
[
Ch'ai'
111
(also
Fu' and
J
fsjj
^
Xi
Shih' Shu;
?uj T'J <^'l'''"^
316
^
330
330a
tQ
331
Ch'ai^ Ya^
Men^)
witli ^
Mou^ Kuo^
Ch'ui Shih^
m f^ S^
-^
ili
m ^ Ch'in^ Ming^
Minister (also
Ta-^ Ch'en',
literary;,
^ ^ Ch'in^ Ch'ai^
in
charge
f^ Kung-i
^ f^ Hsing^
designation,
;
China has no
Embassies.
Hague.
330a.
1.
St.
Petersburg
Second and Third Councillors (one at each). Second and
Third Interpreters (one at each). Commercial Agents and First
:
2.
Second
Councillors,
Second
Hague
^
^
331.
it
|g
Tai*
Fen^
Pan^
iM
ft il ii ES Tai^ Pan*
Shih^ or
Charge
a^ f^
gtj
d'Affaires
jro
Kuan^,
Shih=^
Legations;
with
Charg6 d'Affaires
(also
Subsidi^ary
.^hih^
Shih*,
Ch'en^ f^ J^
ad interim),
in
clinrge
f^T
Tai^ Li^
Li=^
Kung^
Kungi Shih^
usually
Second
1-
M ^M
^Jo*
Fen^
at Washins'ton
Kuair'',
Subsidiary
Legation
in
Mexico,
2.
(at
in
Peru
Cuba
Lima), and
3-
(at
Ill^
i^
^ tt Ku^ Fen'
Havana).
B.
112
1-
I,
at
^^
11
UV CHINA.
AT lOX
Jili^'Ft-n^
in
Spain
Madrid), and
^^
^^^^
V^u-
F('n^
Ivnan'',
Loiiation
Sid)sidiary
in
332
The
331a.
Peru,
Cuba,
Cuba
staff of
tlie
and
Spain
is
Portugal
a Second Secretary
332,
jil^l
Cieneral
(also
B^^
/T^
There
Lec^ations in Mexico,
Subsidiary
^
^
acting
Peru as Consul.
in
1^ Tsung^ Ling^' Shih' Kuan'", Consulate|^ :^ ^- Tsung"^ Ling- Shih' Shu' :,nd
Slnli^ Fu^M-
at
Consulate>-(ieneraI
'M
|yi
P'o'.
Philipi)ines
Second
Mexico and
in
Jh'm^ Chia'
California
1|T
Tsung^ Ling^
are
of
conijiosed
Councillor as
(San
Francisco),
and
(>huiila),
/J^
^\
5^
y^
lleng- J^ing",
Singai)ore,
[fj"
Australia, i^ ^.
^Ifi
:/v
Chin'
Shnn',
Hsiao'
Lir*
SungS
Hai'-
Shcu'
{I|
/^jJc
Wei\
N'ladivostock.
^ It
F<r'
Ajf.
" JE
^S
Consulates
ChM'-i.
^JJ.
i^
at
Nagasaki,
Shan', Fusan,
ill
iiii|l
)^
HtT
^''"'
Niu^' Ssu^
^.^a^
^Iimi"
Ci-eng'
Ling"
Ling^'
Iff
Lun'.
Vancouver,
f-//.
^./
Kobe,
IIu',
n''":'"'-
Shu^ aid ^_
; Ling' Shih^
Consulate.
There are
Ch'ang-
1^"='"''
^^''^''
f>'"^''
^hennjbx.,
New
ifl'i
/.-aland.
|Ii,:-^
"l^ ll|
|!|I
)t
^Vcu' Ko'
t'll
-l.'f-
J^r
York, and
ifl
f^
\\\
m^^M
Shih' Slur' and
Ihen-
<hinnaMpo,
^
\i\
are
33IA
^'"'
'>i"r
VAUi^^Irt
^''''''
I''"*
'^"'"' ^='^-"
Vice-Consulates at
ll|
|ijt
j$J
I'tuan};.
[
fi^'li^'^'
ll:'.
nli
|^
,,
Vice-C.mHulatc.
''"'
fjli;
(Ji{
>*'='"
'*'''
Pi"' Lang'
332a.
332a
The
composed of a
Seoul alone), a Second
Consulate-General
staff of a
"to
ooK
The
staff of a
Chemulpo
is
at Fitsan there
Chemulpo there
is
is
no Second Inter-
At
Vice-Consulates there
is
ments
|[
*-j5
^u^
^^
hierarchy,
Ch'iian"
Board of
Ts'ao"^,
this
is
one
in
the
(.'elestial
Board)
Affairs.
Empire
or
defining degradation
granting of investitures
The Imperial
its
" whatever
appertains to
T'ien^ Ts'ao^,
j\Iinistr^-
designation,
(literary
Elections, also
Li^
selection,
})romotion, and
ordinances
as
to
the
906,
oi revs^ards."
dated
Edict,
the
6th
November,
A})pointments.
333a,
The
literary
designation
^ ^
334.
Piesideiit
334.V.
335.
tion
^^
Shao'*
five in all)
fjj
f^
X ii
controls
6a
^ Tsui
-p]
T'ai*
Tsai^, and, of
Tsni\
CIiu'
'-^''ang'
;
is ;j{^
of
{see
Wu^
Shih%
No. 288>.
Secretary
selection,
appointment
officials.
114
and
transfer
(of
the
No. 296).
of
of
Seleccivil
-^
yjj 111
to be
supervises rewju-ds
^'^'^-
W]
amount
338.
titles, re<iulate6
Kecord Department
retirement on account of
bestowal
tlie
Bannermen.
p] Yen"*
|,t ^it
ISsu',
of hercditarv titles on
titles,
m%
(till
" Police
arc
affairs
of
utmost
the
appoint
as
is
Vice-President
President, Yii
we
necessary
affairs
Police
Ministry of
Senior
Shih-ch'ang,
of
improvement,
It
charge of these
in
l)e
and
importance
"we now
of
and
and
the
Lang, Sub-Chancellor
War,
"Ministiy
"of the (irand Secretariat, as Senior Vice-President, and
" Chao
Ping-cliiin, Expectant. Taotai (if Chihii, now raised to
its
"good
order
"
Caj)ital
pertaining
in
the
of the
Official
Vice-President.
"everything
to
This Ministry
policing and
Manchii
and
;5r(l
will
the
Chinese
"
rank, as Actings
in charge of
maintenance of
be
sections
" mentioned
"devise
measures,
^O
339
Hsun'
^''i'
p1
336
exert
themselves
no
tak(;
115
to
the
of
the
The aboveto
utniost
earnestly
in
the
339a
to
'842a
"draw up
Thev must
strict reg-ulatlons.
CHINA,
a complete
the people undis-
ej.^rcise
By
339a.
]gC
:\iinistry
(Board) of the
The Ministry
local
census
self-government,
taking,
boundary
The proposed
preseiited to the
internal
Throne
matters,
land
340.
]M
No.
}BL
see
organization
attends
to
of the
organization
Ministry
was
In
questions
sanitary
Januar}, 1907.
1st
Ch'eng^
ChOng^
285);
considers
Council
T'ing',
the
most
(for
important
341.
Two
341a.
No. 286)
^^
5a, and
one
|^
Pien^
Yiian^ Translator
342.
tration of the
taking,
the
improvement
of
the
To
this
342a.
the foi-mer
The
lEjf
}^^^
^
Section
from
Affairs.
[
ik;
rUESKNT DAY
343.
Affairs
^-
I'OI.ITICAL OltO AN Z A T
I
OX OF CHIXA.
343
Chincv'
igC
ej
controls
tO
instruction, etc.
f err
a the
the
of Police
Department
Ilj^ino-
^^i|i[f.'f
from the
of Administration
^ i^
of Police
345a
To
343a.
previous
Alfhirs
MJ iXi
DepartChing^
^
^ V\ Pao^ An^ K'o^, Section Public Safety from
the former ^ f^
Ching^ Pao^ Ssu\ Department
Industry and
Ying" Yeh^ K'oS Section
Defence^ %
and
same
the
Handicraft
^ ^ K'o*
De))artment
the
ment
former
p\
iJ^
of
I'Jti
of
p1
Police
of
f.'i
frt)m
f-'f
of
K'o',
p|
of Police Instruction.
This
\Vorkhouse.
So^
was
J ndicial Department
formerly under the supervision of the Police
344.
g JH
Boundaries
compare No.
Li'
Chiang'
p1
.314.
Ssu',
Dei.artment
-.f
Land
plot> of land,
of maps and
topogntphic su)vevs, the making
tli.'
-leanng
ol
'^ ^-
''''
Shan' Ssu',
Ying-
"I'l
as
antiquity
State
in
ransferred
and
repair,
temples, etc.,
:,A.',\.
buildings
in
To
the
good
in
P.uilding
Department.
all
the
>ii|>er\
pital,
th^'
ix'.s
keeps
mo.iunients
niaint.-naii-
<
n|
)f
:ilf:.!.
eiindition.
^1:
fi
'^""'n'
[
117
<
I'"'
I"^'"''
l'"ilding
Section
S45b
^Q
p]
f;^
Defence.
Two
345b.
*^4ft
Department
346.
{see
1^
I^
^|jfj
{see
No. 345).
p] Wei^ Sheng' Ssu\ Sanitary Department
supervision
all
medicine
physicians,
and
compounding
the
To
346 a.
transferred the
Sanitary
|^-
^ ^\
\l^
pj Ching^ Pao^
the former
the
has
there
Department
Section, of
Department
Ssu^,
been
of
Police
Defence.
'
346b.
Two
seventh ranks
Department
347.
1.
2.
3.
sixth and
of the
{see
{siee
the- Sanitary
to
No. 346).
J^ T'ung^ Chi* Ch'u",
No. 162).
lie b|-
organization see
348.
^^
Statistical
Bureau
(for ita
518),
Police Taotais
{see
4.
5.
Police Schools
6.
{see
Nos. 524
527a), and
7.
{see
j.
349.
designation,
President
^\i
j^
in
Hu*
the
Pu'',
Ilsia*
[
and
118
^%
Min^ Pu*
Yin^ Dynasties
]
;/<;
of
pJ
its
T-n^ and
S.su'
and in
its
the
In
11
correspond inp;
349a.
established
Til
II
"})
n]
CHIXA.
(>'/
^ Sliao^ Ssu'
'y*
Ti^ Kuan',
vere
f(nn-tcon
ill)
there
ATI 0\
/.
Land
T'n',
OlHcial).
Departments,
to the nninl)er of (iovernor-ficneral and (iovernors.
|g
IJI if^'
in
Vioo-rrosidont,
DvnasK
the f^ I'liou^
CVnnniittee of Finance;
of
Kevcime was
Committee
'A'
rcov<i:.inized,
Finance, as the
November,
Avith
it
Ministry
90fi, the
amaly-amated the
beinii-
849h.
suj)e!\
isc'^
transjxM-tatiou
and
storaijfe
of
ofrain.
arran^'es
State
officials to i-eorg;ani/e
The
internal
]^mpeidr on the
Ministry
itself,
accordance
in
is
sanctioned
by
tlw
1907.
2r)tii .Vpril,
^ 1^ IS
its
Ch'eag-^ Cheng^ T'ing',' (^oimcil (for
most
the
This
No.
i-njuirtaut
orp\nization
285).
supervises
financial fpiestions and the translation of financial regulations^ of
350.
.scr
^51.
(ilil/B
the
organization srr No. 215a); compiles repf)rts to
and
rules
frames
drafts despatches and
regulations.
352.
Taxes
lU
in
n]
{jjiii
ciiarge
of
Fu-
'Fif'ii'
the
:mi<1
levy
Ssu',
(.f
payment
of
its
Kmpcror,
of
L.ind
land
taxes,
Dcpartm.-nt
collection
(for
Offire
353.
charged
i|"i
with
)fj
the
of
control
[
tribute
11'-'
Department of Tithes;
grain,
its
storage
ni
g^g^
to
353
to
360
fg;
Shui*
nl
likin,
duties leviable on
stamp
duties, granting of
355.
/f^
j:
Customs
Kuan^
p1
K'o''
certificates, etc.
Department of Excise
Ch'iieh* Ssu',
charge of the excise on salt, tea and native opium and the
consideration of measures for the monopoly of the last-mentioned,,
in
etc.
356.
-^
'B]
and
bank
making
of
tifl
for,
;;
and
notes, the-
357.
Treasuiy
0.
;
K'u''
reports
from the
Imperial
silk
factories
in
Kiangsu and
ments.
This Department
and allowances
of
to officials
is
in
issue of allowances
Bannermen.
359.
Supplies
|pj
pj
superintends
the
Department of Military
distribution
supplies
to
the
360.
ture.
This
Ifjlj
JW
'^'^
120
(.Capital,
as well as the
expenditure on
l)uildin<^:<,
administration.
audits
^q
^ gf
;")61.
the
prepares
and
income
the
Audit Departnunt;
budget,
i^B^^
362.
in
charge
fe
^'^' ^^hi-
i^l'O"'
ot
looks
despatclies,
matteis
after
(h'a-
and
of
ChnA
Registry
of outgoing,
issin'
and
economy
Avith
has
othci-
establishments.
.363.
1^
it.';
currency, bullion
in
Here
hin^
j!|i
hi^
hMi\ Statistical Bureau (for
Jg T-ung^
.sec No. 162m).
organization
365.
^ f^ f^ Ssu' Wu' T'ing', Chancery (sec No. 296).
Ottice charged
366.
^.j Tao' Ch'iian- Chfi', Coinage
'i^
^64.
$^ f
|-
tin
money.
366a.
Shih' Wu'.
Jij!
^,t
^ ^i f^
hien'
Li-^
Fa^ T'ang-
h'ien"
the tlunior
of
366
The
n.
carried out
|i
ndiiiinistration
bv three
charge of one
Northern,
-J^^
the
(f
fy
(
li'aiig\
jjjij'i
Chimg'
jj^l
Mints,
;jt
Middle,
Ch'ang',
j^'i
and
l*<'i^
[5j
Ch^mg'',
j^
Ilsi'
Ch'ang-", Western.
367.
This
is
i'M\\\
Jf""
Iszl
Chiian
Ch'u^ Subscription
Bureau.
t(iii|or:ii\
36HA.
|-|J
361
Iti'lj
3^{V
;)
jfil
j^(^
'-I
Paper
Mill.
SQgv
369.
369
jjQ
374a
m ^ i^
=t
;/v
Salt Gal)ell'^
Controller-General of the
with
that
President
of
of
the
CUir-ng^
this
post
of
]Ministry
C:iINA.
Ta* Ch'en^
(associated
was
Finance)
The Controller-General
369a.
charge of the ff IM 1^ j^ }M
of
^^^n*
'1'"'
Salt
tlie
Yen^
Gabelle
in
is
ChOng* Ch'u*,
was
General
No. 369), of the 19th January, 1910. i^rrangestaff' of this office have not yet been completely
(see
it is
known
to be vested in |
For
Tsnng' Pan^
>})jI:
management
Office
of affairs
is
hief s.
370.
n^-
^^
371.
flt
372.
II
Study
1^
Jg
Ts'ai^
of Financial Affairs.
JJ/f
PienV
I*
So=\
Translating (Interpreting)
Office.
373.
'r{;i)
H S ,^
Commis-
to
the
new
concerning
regulations
currency
(see
374.
J*' Jig
gj ir^ ^1 Ch'ingi Li^ Ts'ai' Cheng* Ch'u*,
Committee for the Reorganization of the Financial Affairs of the
Empire (for details sec Nos. 533 535).
374a.
J^
^1^
fg IE ^.
in
p/f
Summer
[
122
Ta
Ch'ing Government
Bank
No. 548)
sec
ami
Finance,
other
metropolitan
offices,
Eligible
of the
Ministry of
have
sufficient
who
lines, in
officials
ai'e
for
Hi i^
estimates
of
the
Ta^
Kang'),
preparation
Cheng*
-^
Suan^ Shu*)
(# II' UX II"i' ^'^1''' ^''^') ^"'^ mathematics (^
and extend over half a year.
Ts'ai'
which
entitle
them
to
in
employment
accounts
the
offices
of
Ch'a2
Kuan',
the
in
Audit Department
(^
-=-|-
^l
Chi*
!>hi'n'
Yiian*).
At
him two
|$r
1^
r|r vi|l
1^
Cjii*
I'll'
fi}^
i\
Chu=* K'o*
Under
37.0.
iullowing
1.
Financial
Jlji
<
of the
Fmpire
(srr
Nos. .036
with
Ch'ing (iovenmient liaiik,
as other banks {sec N08. 542
55(Uj).
2.
Ta
1-':^
541).
its
bnmchcs
as well
375
376
The
3.
Mint
Central
at Tientsin,
vi-'ith
provinces {see
branches
in
the-
4.
Wuch'ang, with its branches in the provinces (se^ Nos. 552 555)..
5.
Customs Office at the Ch'ung Wen M(''n Gate of Peking
{see
Nos. 556
560).
56 1h).
Native Cnstom#(5ce Nos. 561
Office of the Government Granaries at Peking
7.
Nos. 562
567a), and
6.
Financial (Political
8.
Economy) Colleges
{see
{see
No. 568).
376.
Ig
15
and, of
its
Tsung^
Po-',
Po").
This Ministry
most important,
is
Shao' Tsung^
one of the oldest, as well as one of the
Vice-Presidents,
the
of
Empire.
It
'J^
'^
f{^
su]iervises
the
code
of
the various
unknown powers
life,
influencing the
life
of
in
everyone.
{see
1861
charge of
all
to the
the
service.
Office of
Foreign
Loochoo
government
establishment of
Islands^
relations with
(now belonging
[
to
124
Japan).
]
the former
C\jrea
and the
PRESENT DAY
Before
376a.
Kites was
^-
Departments
Department
"^s^S
CIIl.VA.
{sec
of ('eremonies,
zfe
^*j
Hw n]
376 H.
"hing' Shan"*
Department of
376a
ooCJa
^j^
ijiSJ
^-
^" ^"hil>*
P"!
ili'J
2.
reform
its
1-
r(\iLITICAL
Saci-ifices,
By
the Courts
"^j
jfj,^-
{ser
No.
^
#
of
Sacrificial
Worship
had
Avhich
93.')),
8su\
T'ai^ Ch'anii;-
been
pre\ iously
([uite
independent
institutions.
Tlie internal
recommended by
Rites
is
as
the Office of
altays.
Budd!;ist,
Taoist
and Coiduciaii
religions.
^^"-
ffi -Ai
^ T'ang2
No. 2HH).
sident)
S u' \\n' TMng', Chancery (srr No. 296).
37H.
?j ffj ;^
379.
Man^ Tang' Fang", ivecoi'd and Registry
1^
Office; besides vaiious other duties this ()lfic<' was in charge of
6a.
]]](^
380.
nionies
all
)ji-
translations into
making
Jjll
i|jl]
n'l
Manchu.
'J'<'n^
hih'
occasi(in.s,
oHicials (srr
organizes
to
Department
of
Cere-
ceremonials,
determines
postlumious
380
V.
The Department
developniftnt of the
-376ASwith
whicli
former Department
of
is
1-'.-.
>
381
+Q
oQo
No- 376a) and the Court of State Ceremonial {see Nos. 376b
and 935), in accordance with a Memorial from the Ministry,
C^^^
sanctioned by the
381.
(or
1^
Department
of Sacrificial Affairs )
Sacrifices
"
be observed at sacrifices on solemn occasions-. in
saving the sun
and moon
"
when
eclipsed
etc.
Worship
to
-X'B
;
T^'ai"
Ch'ang-^
Ssu\ Department of
Sacrificial
be used
of
sacrifices
to
be
performed.
382 A.
The Department
of
Sacrifical
No.
{see
Worship
No. 290),
(see
No.
Secretaries
(see
Department
of Sacrificial
1-
Usher
2.
7^ nu
iiii
292),
common
Worship
all
the
Departments,
Kuan\ Ceremonial
:^^aMWt^
WK^^
4.
to
Kuan\
Ceremonial
Reciter of
Ushers
7a'
7a (10
in all),
5.
6.
all)
and
Officials cf the
Department of
Sacrificial
Worship
are often
12G
^ 1^
CllcNA.
383a.
evolved
n] Kiiang^
8S3
-^q
independent institution
Banqueting Department
384.
jjf
Ceremonial
^ ^
Li'
old
No. 376a).
{see
Instruments.
Nos.
(see
335
Ch'i;*
Store
K'u<,
Here
are
stored
of
Sacrificial
and
all
sacrificial
and
Department Director (see No. 290), as SupiM-intendent of the Store, assisted by one Assistant Department Director
(see No. 291) and
384a.
('heng% Overseers
1-
2.
A &L f^ Tien'
3.
2^0
4.
K'u^
384B.
1'"'
W-iE
J^
fjjj
The
Vu\
Shili',
post of
6b,
Assistant Overseers,
;
7a, and
Assistant Inspectors
P"' Chcn^?*
^^ JE
7 b.
(see
No. 384a>
IE
Chcng^ (see Nos. 389 and 391) of
Jk ^^ Tien' Pu^ (see No. 384a)
the lAmicr Banqueting Court
replaces that of
Slur'
replaces those of
Court of
-fig
Sacrificial
Bamiucting Court.
385.
its
J^ gf
organization see
386.
fij-
nn
^''"'
^''"'
^''"^
This Office
is
all
jjj
Ifg
Ssu'
Statistical
^^^*'^
"^
KMi^ and
Bureau (for
Seiil-ca.sting
goveriuncnt establishmentH
ClaBS Secretary
Deftartment Director (see No. 291 ), one Second
i^ '^'^* Shih\ Inspector.
( No. 292), and one
387
^%
387.
the music,
to
singing;
It
occasions generally.
391
Ytieli*
directed by
is
%^
sacrifices
and
solemn
:--
Two
JBl 'M
fM
Board
of Music
of
the
Director-Generals
Wu*,
387a.
determines
Pu* Shih*
usually Princes
388.
of
^[\
Music
No. 387)
see
,:
S #W
One |D
389.
the
Board
Director of
(at the
Office
of
It
is
in
charge of
IE
who
Music,
assisted
is
by
two
^ ^^ W M
.
At
f^ H5 Hsieh^ Lii*
1-
2.
25
3.
180
4.
300 $$
\fjjj
fi\
g[;
Ssui Yiieh-*
'
390..
%'^
^. Shen^
|i(|
|l|l
Wu' Sheng^
Posturers.
Ylieli*
Shu^
The
sacrifices
'
office
Music
of Sacred
One ^\
391.
is
is
directed
by
Ch'cng2,
(^
Assistant
2.
W,
.indefinite
^[g
;g-
number)
^-
^^
of the
8a,
Office
of
Sacred
Music
Junior) ;
Li^ Lang^, Ceremonial Usher; 7a,
8b,. and
Yu'*,
15 Tsan*
SIS
|^|
Directors
and
[
128
Chief
Musicians
(in
an
nl
indefinite
number)
392.
for
Envoys
Ssu'
3^ SB
Yiieh*
(hi
an
ISiam,
I^
Kuan\
and
Burma
there
was a
Tonkin
Kesiden.-e
no
longer
existing.
In
charge
the
Kesidence
^^ ^ ^
staff (S)
@^
393.
li" Li' Hsiich^ Kiian% School of Ceremonials.
This school was established by Im])crial Kdict of the 1 Itli 'Inly,
1907,. which read as follows:
" The most
jjotent forces in the maintenance of jjcace and
*'
*'
*'
*'
in the
the
Emperors
improvement of
"In
*'
of
the
rites
reigns
Kuang (1821-1850)
"and,
theii" greate.>t
attention to the
and education.
of
Cli'ien
the code of
Lung
(173()-1796)
and
was repeatedly
rites
Tao
i-evised
in its
improved
throughout the Empire.
" V^'itli the new order of
things that have come into the
" lives of the
taken pla<'e in
j)eople, such as cliangcs that iiave
*'
"education, in the
" evident that
Army
and
in social intercourse,
it
has become
organize, the
steps must be taken
" cu.stoms hitherto observed
by the ))opulace with icgard to tlu;
"details of funerals, sacrificcB, iicad dresses, marriage ceremonies
" and articles of us(! and for adornment.
lo
adapt, or
r<
"On
"
Ua
"The
said
Ministry
392
^
M ^ It
Tb]
of the
Bandmasters
Ivaiig-,
9n.
has
now presented
detailed report as to
393
394
" the
execution
" sanction that it
of
this
may
CHI.VA.
project
it
Our
We
everyday
people,
" select the best and
bring them to Our notice that We may
"
promnlgate them to the people of the Empire.
" This is in
proof of Om- earnest desire for the j^reparation
" of the
the granting of a constitution and
towards
Avay
'
jjarliaineutary representation to
of
and
of
the
as
\'ice-Presideiits)
of
^ f
affairs
g|
|f,
Ts'ai^.
Tsung'
Kuan'
Shili*'
2 to 3
1
3.
4.
5.
HH
T'i-
Tiao\
i'^Higi T'i^
The
direct
|^
Wu*, Director
of
vested in
2.
however,
is,
Respect This."
country.
Ceremonials
management
It
tlie
tlie
|||i
J[H
I'roctors,
f>S 1^
11 -^ Tsung' Tsuau^ Chief Reviser,
1
^jjj
^1 f^
lhm\
Tsuan=^
Revisers,
Ke\
isers (in
an Indefinite
number j,
^7.
an
Tui^, CoiTCctors
^ ^l
^ ^ U'en^ An\ Secretaries, and
# if IS
Sheng* Ku'
(^
biao^
P1
indefinite uuinljer),
(in
K..r
'B*
(sec
sec
Ihe Ministry
of Rit(?s supervises
Xos. 569
Wen'
Kuan^
thc^se).
1.
Imperial Mausolea
2.
{ser
.371a).
130
and Shamanist
Priests;
AX
OlIC.
ATI OX OF CllIXA.
395
395.
to
Mini.tn-
Pu'.
*(5 Ilsiieh-
(r.onnliuf Kancation
that
Empire (before
Ministry of Kites
sre
time
tliis
duty
de\(l\-tl
ijpon
tlie
Xo. 37C.)
of the
of ICdiication, as
?^Iin'>try
was sanctioneJ by
tiie
Kinperor
^JM^-SH^f^
39oA.
Wn^.
(.'ontroller of
^^
.396.
{sec
No.
*?86
39^-
^i\ ifj
Affairs
f^
Shih\
Ts'an'
Li^
Hsueh'
M Ssn'
P]
Wu'
(.syy>
Assistant
four of these
thei-e are
397.
Kuan'
Shih*
27ti).
Secretaries
oA,
officials).
T-iuir'.
Tsuno- \Vu*
Vn'
No,
Chancery
{scr
Xo.
29(5).
archives,
of
comj^ilation
Memorials,' framing-
of
rules
aiul
^1
^f
'1'''
"I
^^^x''
K-o',
Section
of
Confidential
Affairs,
^
^
'^-
''
399.
Tu'
\i{ f^f
-'^'^'^
/i >fl
Shrii' Ting*
li^ pf]
-p']
Clnian'
Men*
Ssu',
tlic
Department
supervision
cF
of
Iligi.ci-
Cniver-
sities.
'
V*;-:
i"J
^ B fi
('l"i:in"
M(Mi- Chiau'
-/A l"l
'ilUr
Schooln
Huperviscrt
JOicnu-ntiiiA
Sciuol>.
400
401
^fai^Wf^
to
404
KV,
Yil''
Normal
School Section,
2.
4'"^
K'o\ Middle
Yii*
^h'^W^
^^
Schools
controls
to this
Department, i.e.
Shih^ Yeh* Chiao* Wu'' K'o', Industrial
1it
^3f
School Instruction Section, and
^^
2.
MM B.B^^
^^"li'
^^eh^
Wu* K'o\
Shu*
Industrial
# it
402.
2.
JS ^
^H
is
403.
of
No. 295).
^^
404.
tion
{see
which
there
are
12
{i^ide
regulations
drawn up by the
1.
The
132
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
of Kianosu,
The provinces
of -Kuangtuno:
of
Fukien and
of
Chokiaii"-,
and Kuangsi,
The provinces of Kweichow and Yiinnan,
The provinces of Kansu and Hsinkiang.
8.
9.
10.
1 1
The provinces
The provinces
The provinces
404a
K'uk'unor and
12.
.Tibet.
that
all
the circuits
may
be inspected within a
le
Originally the
})0st of
from the
attached one
12
is
1st
November, 1909,
in
number
of Inspectors
accordance
was
a rej)ort
witli
^rom the Ministry of Education, the pcjsition was made sii()ernumerary in character and a corres])onding numljer of substantive
posts were established at the Ministrv
(see
291
No. 290
;
five), of
of
Director
Dej)artmeMt
404a.
/
UirViVf^l^
I'i^'"'
(tf
'^i"?.''
.Ming''T/.'n'--
Tcchniciil
three).
Kuan',
Terms estabhslicd
in
Emperor ^m
munber
dictionary
of
of
the
29tli
^ |^
F<'ii'
phyhical,
Keviser,
mathematical,
political,
sfafl'
and an
rompibng
jiidirial.
DAY I'OLITJCAL
I'KESENT
Wlien coinplctod,
4^Qg
to
407
use of
llic
and
ji'^
ber indefinite
of
df
ff)iir
expressions ap])eai-iiig
oblio-atory for
ii
l)otli ])til)li'
(V)nsiilfin{2,'
I'iX])erts
t^
of the
have
rsnik
first
tlie
num-
Teui;'^ Rank's.
l*iX])erts
of
tliat
rank,
Avill l)e
Kuan',
^^
'^'^^"^
f^; 'H*
Consultinf]^
Coirneillor
llie
CIIIXA.
purposes.
])i-ivate
l'*'^-
OF
of
Director or Assistant
De]);(rtiiient
rank
tht;
of
third
llie
Depai'tnient
o. 302.)
406.
11^
and
riiation
Shu'
i.^icn^
,7:p
^\-
'I'ranslation
Fien^
Office
r.ook
Chii'.
I-"
Com-
(<h'\elnjied
from the
^^i
'^^-
f,^
the
^^\
^^
of
(\)Ui])ilation. ()ffic<s
At
the head cf
Ofiicc, and
tliis
snhordinated
Office
a ^^
is
are
liim
lo
J^a
Chii-
('han-^ Chief of
untnher
(;!'
/,',}
Cliii'
In the l)ook
40Ga.
1^
'diiipilalion
Ven-
Sfi
and
"^ri-ajislation ()ffice
Chill' 8o-\
School IJooks
there
is a,:
('oni).i!ation
Bureau.
-l^JT.
mittee
}7i
foi'
into three
1-
iJilJ
^U
ff
^^"''"ft'
of
SM])erinten(h'nce
7fi[
K'o', Sections
niTnll^^fi
^l'"'!''
'i'"' ^\^^^^^<'
Cliir,
S;-iiools
jNIetropoiitan
Com-
di\ iik^d
Fan"
^liil''
Vu'
Cliiao'
K'<.\ >:ormal
School Section,
^-
'I'
";?
1^ h"
f'-[
<;-1"ingi
Iv'o\ T\Iiddlc
^h Jp
ElenieiitaiN
As
ff
1$:
chief
of
the
Chiao^
Hsiich^
TJ^'ii"''
t'f
Vii'
K'oi,
Schiiol Seciion.
Sei'tioii
li
'iiic
Comniittee
-ad of
IV
there
(from
the
I'anks
^Jinistry of Ivdncationj.
[
is
1:54
of
'
arc
lur
^.'|-
oiHcials
('haii^^%
J^ K'o^
of
the
408.
M ^ ^
{jilj
Study
Educational
Chu,
Regulations
in
At
Commission there
is
by a
assisted
'g'
is
number
of
^ ^ Chii'
^^
Cl/ii'
Kuan^, Translators
I*
(Interpreters).
The Chief
408 A.
of the
Translation
No. 406), the President of the Committee for Superintendanco of Metropolitan Schools (see No. 407) and the
Office {sec
Study of Educational
rank
as
Councillors
(see Nos. 281
Regulations (see No. 408)
282) or Secretaries (sec. Nos. 283
284) of tho Ministry of
President of
the
Education.
M^WL"^ WM^JX
409.
So'^,
II"i' I'
called
once
Education.
to
Delegates
this
Convention
comprise
officials
of
the
From
selected
two ^,
management
^1^^-
P Chang^
the officials of
f^
^ ft ^' % W\
;
the
l\ Slui^
of the geucnil
of Instruction
Wu^
afliiirs
("i'i'io'
Yiian*,
Stewards,
for
the
of the C^onvention.
Vu*
yy-
408
^q
^-
_.
411
jjQ
i^
If;
^^^
S^^^^*
Yuan^, Steward
its
(for
general
management) and
412
AM^B B
Banner Schools
mittee of
established
accordance with
in
Bannermen
for
(5^*?
717a.).
At
The Committee
Section
whom
Wn*
^^"*
SI''
IB,
Each
fjf
Chiao''
"^^
Chief, to
\/j^
|^, J^^
Tsnng^ Li^
Assistant Directors.
i.e.
^"^'oS
directed
is
is
Tji'\
^ f^
B %^
I,
2-
Hsieh^
J^l
^laintenance Section.
by a
^j[
number of
^^^
Attached
to the officials
schools
of
the
Committee periodically
to the
whom
is
styled
=Z|^
f||
|||
-^ P'ing-
addition
in
P'ing-
I^
Yiian
Chang^
Senior Adviser.
Later
(in
^ ^
Imperial
T'ai"
Academy
Ilsiieh^,
;^
of
ii]
Learning
Ch'cng2
(literarj^
him',
^j
designation,
J^
if>
'^
or
Ssu^ Ch'eng
Kuan').
classes or sections,
136
(iisciis:;es
Emperor
At
ivmark
of
Worthy
the lm])erial
^ Jf
412a.
1-
b]
-
Ijjj
^^
Academy
"^
(usually one of
Academy
:
Ssu^
Yell'*,
'J'lilors
6a. one
designation,
one
4i5,
Chinese,
designation,
(literary
^^
?K (iucuMlh'Cng^, Proctor
^n'
-^-
1^.5
5.
JJlL
0.
Jlli
Hi/ IJC
1^4
*J.
4i:}.
Ticn^
(^;j<
^ iE
^
''"'
-"^''i'''
of
Sul)-Kogistrar
Kuo-
at
:,nd
the
ISl
4a.
1.
.fll
2.
Jjll
Sa.
the result of
.Mi)iistr\
il^-
th.j
|^]
the
No. 412)
Edncatior
t)f
It
rcgidatc
Wi'ii*''
.Miao*
Yung'
'li.ri',
1'
Director
(.f
the
I'i'
^(il ^!!i
No. 112;.
!s
lih.Iiinc. 1900).
peifornied al
ccieinom'cr-
of Studies
of Ijearning (sec
the
i'roni
on the
8a,
T/.u^
Academy
.Memorial
Ha, and
estahlishrncnt
this
onfn.iu.--,
7u,
Cheng^ Director
9i-.,
Lu^
tite i'.in|>eroi-
and
Kn,
Hsiiclr
(ordance with
rites
:st
11-iiclr
(sanctioned In
7a,
Tn.
^'I'ii'oS i'l'eceptor
^i^ ^^^''^
[nstitute
(^iovernnient
Arclu\
Pu^
K^
:^S
10.
pj
"
Institute
Li'
Ki''i'i'
'
"'
Temple
41<l>
I'i^
*^
(.'hiiiese,
tlie
the Imperial
T'
He
as
'^'"^''*
'''^"'
l-'-
i-
Ch-eng-,
7
f^ Tien" Pu', ArchiNi-ls: \,
'i'ien^ Chi', Sul.-A rchivi^^lj^
fjJi
[
412a.
+^
in a(
there were
g^ Bi J<
i-^
Ssn^ Cli'eng'')
^:'
/j5c
Pi'
Clreii', ('hancer..)r of
Tu^
the hull ^-
is
Ha,
414
jjQ
2 rt pO
3.
niG
I" Ch'i^ PHn^
Overseers of Sacrifices of the 7th Class,
4-
415a
.2
Ab" ^/HGW
Kuan\
Overseers of
5.
:^
(O,
jnti
Overseers of Sacrifices of
Heralds
2
;
8.
ii
glj
Feng^
Ssu*
KuanS
T'lmgi
Tsan^
Kuani.
Senior
'g'
Fu*
T'ungi
Tsaii*
'g*
Krh^
Teng=^
Shui
Knan^ Junior
8 b,
^ ^ IE
Cheng*
'i*
P'iu^
9th Class,
7a,
7-
Heralds
2 IE ii
6.
Chiu^
the>
12
'B*
KuanS Clerk,
Common
Kuan^
8a, and
9a.
The Board
414.
Chi*
shown below
Universities,
see
Nos. 574
415.
of
War
(literary
Ma').
sea
bow, military gymnastics and lif tmg the stone (these examinations
were abolished by Imperial Edict of the 29th August,
1901).
415a,
composed
Before
of four
its
War
was
Departments
Wu=^ Hsuan' gsu\ "Department of Selection,
1-
S^il
n]
2-
IJi
r]
138
^4
3'^-
M^^
^16.
K'u^
^^^^^
"rI
J^ ^'
Chia- Ssu',
('h''^*'
RI
ffc|
Kemonnt-Departiueiit, and
Commissariat Department.
'^su',
The
417.
read as follows
"
"for
Army
"P'u'
gf[
for
the
War
was
lOOfi,
which
^. iJirT^i' ChiJn'
St^u',
The
!Stud
No. 936]i),
(see
to
be
[^ i^ Hai^ Chihi^
No.
Navy {see
18oii}, and the !^ ii"^ Jf^
General Statt" Office (see No. 184), not being
pro])osed
Ministry of the
NoAcmber,
-fy;
"Pu*,
Ministry of
the
of the 6th
to
Army
A|^ Piiig^
"the
of
reorganization
416
"attended to
affairs
regularly organized,
to
be
^^
the Ministry of
War, by a
^" llai^ Chiin^
a
and
No.
(s<y'
IHae),
i|i ii"^ J^ Chiin'
AiTny Staff Council {see No. 184a), respectively."
in
"Tzu' Cii'u"',
The internal organization
proposed by the Ministry
of
the
Ministry
i-eceived
itself,
of
War,
as
Imperial sanction on
.418.
(see
^i;-^^
No. 417)
for
the Ministry of
its
Ch'u*, (iencral
Tzu'
Chiin'
Staff (\)uncll
War, dated
For particulars as
Ttli
.lune, 1!)()7.
the
the removal of
to
(Iencral
Staff
417).
For
rS
ill
Iijf
Hai^
Cliiin'
('h'u\
Naval Council
of
particulars as to the transfer
War
Navv,
[
srr
J8'-'
to that
lliis
(.f
No.
Nos. 18.m'
]
(see
t(
IH.'x).
419
420
to
422a
^20.
P^ ;^
Lu*
[>
(^hiin^
Laud
or Ministry (IJoard) of
PuS
War
:MinistiT (Board) of
Forces.
'J'his
is
Ministry
now
the
Empire, direct&
maintained by thi&
is
Ministry.
^ JM
421.
Ip
|J^
^\i
^i f% Kuan^
285)
^kWCM
422.
attends
Chiuii
Pu^ Shih^
No. 276).
{sec
finances, correspondence,
The Council
War
Lu'
Ch'cng-
the
to
Li=^
etc.
staff",
is
K'o\
^i[
i.e.
Sections,
Wu^ K'o\
The
1.
{see
No. 415)
y^
Shou Chih^
{see .No.
422)
Avas organized
from
War
(compare
W)
No.
(compare
No.
fra
f>|-
in
The Council
^Jan'^
Tang*
Fang'',
379),
v\
t^
Ssu^
296),
^ji^
|/j|
J^
P'ai*
Wu-*
T'ing', Chancery
Pau* Chni\ Office for
^-^W^
Shou^ Chih^
Deputation of Officials for Special Duty,
So', Finance Office, and jf i^
Feng-* Hsiang^ Ku^ Office for
issue of Salaries and Supplies {see No. 415a), from the Commis-
sariat
Department.
2.
The
following
Reorganization {see
^^^
offices
No. 416)
of
the
Commission for
Army
1^"
J[^
^^
Shou^
42215.
two
Kuan\
]le,i:istrurs {see
^* Yiiau", Tiairt^lators
3rd ranks), 14 5
.vrr
2nd and
Interpreters
(.vrr
of the
No.
2J-l),
laidvg),
one IE it
t/H '1^ 'S*
{svc
of
regulations for the ^Ministry
to
426
2nd and
1 si,
^MM
422n
F:i
No. 422j,
."'.r.l
285a)
up of
1st,
is in:i<lc
1^' C'h'rnj>-*
Sections
ol'
^^
yf^
^jf
20^^
Jive^ ^
No. 422)
(^sre
C'lIXA.
No.
War,
Attached
423,\.
Two
(HHcc arc
to the Secretarial
2S.'>
and 28 4\ one
lvc!.'i-trar {see
1st,
2nd and
Insp.rlors
ranks: srr
N... ;;o:'.\
and
:ird
424.
Ij^igj n] rhiin^
i'rd
tiansfer of Tuilitary
supervises appoint inenl and
of Selection
(ihcial<,
granting
Jit
fl
)(;^
:f-^
^^'"'
'1'^^'='''
''^''<'''
'^^'^*'^"' "*'
A].i.ointnients.
2.
Posts,
3.
4.
M in
424a.
^^"'
'T-'l-
The Department
ot
llei-editary Titles,
"'
^^'^'' ^^''''""
of Selection
'''"""'
and
-^ ""'''
is
T].!^
?J1
of .Mditary
employed therein.
[
141
425a
to
2.
426a
3.
H
1^ ^
fif
)^
T^Jf
@[J
P'ei*
To
425a.
War
{see
Department
(see
No. 415a), of
No. 415).
^ f ^ Chielr Pao^
1-
11
C'h'u*,
III 1
Kuan', Secretaries, and
tAvo
^^
Lu*
Sliih*,
Writers, and
Shih*, Writers.
426.
igft
"r]
This Department
#^
1.
jfij
is
K'ao=^ Ohi^
K'o\ Section
~
:
for Investigation of
Merit,
2.
Grade
Ijg fjj
3.
15 f^
fJ[
4.
1^
^}[
Ts'e*
Hsiin^
K'oS Section
(see
Rewards
for Definition o
Section, and
Punishments.
were
Ssu^,
Department
War
To the
426 A.
transfcired
of
5fjf
of Merit,
^fi
p1
Chih^ Fang^
of Disci])bne (see
142
Investigation of Merit, of
Sect-ion for
Keorganization {see
427.
Supply
1-
2.
"t^
r1
conj^isting of
Jt-;
fJjc
fit
Chiin^
f^ I'lio^
The ail'airs
427a.
sariat De])artm(.'nt
and of the
the
$4
It
1^
C;li'u*
I'
Hlfj
fjjij
I'i
4.
^< f
^-1
'>
f<
f-'l
|j
^; 5i
3.
Cu
Arms
(sec
Arms Supply
(see
officials (see
No.
4,')4),
at
Draughtsman,
^ ^i
^ R.
Bi ^
2.
Engineer
No.
(5^^
of seven Sections
1-
Wu^
p]
Kcorganization
i' ^1>il\
iji
Arms
fl.
428.
ment
Ssu',
Department
Department
of
Ch'i^
Army
of
Army
i.e.
of the j^ I^
427 15.
for
{src
!^^
Commission for
Commission
Pii'
^}\
.301).
Army
Inspection Depart-
^^i'
f-'i
^l:i' l'"'^'
i"a()'
T/.ii'-
Chung^ Ping'
K'o',
.Military
Trains
Scetion, and
7.
^^
428 A.
from the
$[
T'ai-
428b.
the
staff of
includcH one
was developed
Ins]>e(ti()n Department
Son' T'ao^* K'o', Battle Training Section, of
The Army
^.j ^}\
Army
$&
[E]
Annv
427
^q
Shilr
two Sections,
<-''>i'i*
^-"f
tlie
No, 416).
Department
Inspection
(.fee
No. 428)
[113
428b
PltESENT
429
^Q
m
429.
^^
430b
of three Sections
{see
Xo. 301),
Commissariat Department;
1.
Mn^
2.
H HE
f^i-
3-
Mjs.f\
429a.
the
II i[u]
Commission for
^ '^ "^
430.
Army
Chiiii^
Militar}-
^^
^ 1^
2.
3.
.1
4.
C i^
5.
X ^
If^
f^l'
JfJ^
K'o\ Infantry
f'"' Tiii*
Tui^
IMa=^
I^
K'o\ Cavalry
Tui* K'oS
l^'-^o*
Section,
.Ai-tillei-y
Kung^ Ch'eng"
f^l"
Section,
Section,
Tui'
K'o',
Engineers
Section,
6.
M Ff ^4
7.
^ ^ HI?
'-^^^"^
f^
and
Section,
Artillery (or
.430a.
Education
(see
p]
of
$j\\
fjf
Cluin'
the
Hsiieh^
Ssu\ Department
Conuuission
for
Ai-iny
of
Mihtary
Reorganization
No. 416).
430k.
Translation Office;
ChiiiS
attached to the Department of
lulucation
(see No. 430).;
Military
directed by a |i i| Tsung^ Pan*,
assisted
Chief,
l)y a |g |^
T'i^
Ii I^
Tiao\ Proctor, a
J[^
l>ieni
^
[
I"
H4
iti
Tsuan^ Revisers,
'^ V Shu', Translators
and otlier officials (of an indefinite number).
Pieu^
(Interpreters),
^^
431.
Cliiin^ I^ S&u',
^6;
^-
.^
b}'
fi- ^la^
the
reorganization of the
It
f^
(sec
Army
No. 431)
I'
Wu^
Avas
K'o\
Keorganization
Xo. 416).
432.
Law
Medical Department
431 A.
formed
P\
I' ^^ ^
Army
'^ f^
Chlini Fa'
-g
Ssu',
Department of
.Military
No. 416).
In addition to the usual
432ii.
Department
of Military
for six p] ^^
'g*
Law
(see
^ ^
L
ii-
comj)osed
i^^]^
433a.
from the
434.
of.
Ssu',
two Sections
the
of
Department
T'iao'' K'o',
and assimilated,
Ministry of
Chun^
?^Iu'
first,
^'i
(.'ourt
Chia^ Ssu',
oflicials (see
in
Imperial
part,
functions
tlu;
Remount Dt^partmcnt
War
(sec
{sec
of
No.
the
j|I ^l^
4 1.>a)
of
J>3()i{j,
\i]
C'h'e'
tlir
old
No. 415}.
Kach Department
of
Ministry of
tlic
War
cmph.ya
U5
K'o' ("hang',
431
iq
a^a
435
number
^O
from
4S7a
,
and
to thirty-four),
six
^J[ j^
second and third ranks ;
first,
||^
C.IINA.
(from
six to twelve).
are
officials
Special
under
treated
their
respective
Departments.
435.
Posts
T'angS
further distinguished as
Superintendents
Posts
Military
residing
of
Military
435a.
of
T'i'^
it
at
T'i" T'ang^,
of
Peking,
Superintendents
whom
there
are
sixteen.
435b.
jg
^ J^
j^f
^ ^
435c.
the '^
Pao"*
Fang",
Office
Printing
formerly
43S.
for
^ SB M
f^
indefinite
437.
1.
A.
B.
2.
3.
4.
'i'
Lu*
Chiini
attached to the
Duty;
number (up
Special
Pu^
Ministry
KuanS
of
Officials
War
in
an.
to thirty -four).
of
War
are
:.
Lu
CliUn,
Hsiin
to 707),,
(see
5.
6.
Office of the
437a.
Society.
Ch'ia^
j^
Government Stud
i^i
(see
No. 755).
Provisional regulations
(f\*
'^' '-^
Chungi Kuo^ Hung2 Shih^ Tzu* Hui* Shih^ Pan* Chang^ Ch'eng^)
were drawn up by
Lii Hai-h\ian, and sanctioned by
^^^
[
146
Memorial
special
from
General
the
amendments
in
Staff
Office,
the provisional
to be established at Peking,
^^
the 4 [^ SI -f"
l!S
Tzu*
Chimg' Kuo"- Hung- Shilr
Tsung' Hui^, Central Office
the
Red
of the
Accordingly,
Cross Society,
is
to
will
be founded
in provincial capitals,
sea ports.
Also, there
is
^^
proposal to
The
Red
mU
ill
Red
Cross Society
rai= Ti^
1.
-I ^Cross on a White Ground, or
is
^ IE ^
{i3c
-^
of Punishments,
Using' Vu*, Ministry (Board)
Pu* and
or Criminal Affiiirs (literary designation, Jt
of
K'ou';
Ssu>
Ta<
fl Ilsi^ Ts'ao': of its President, :k V\ i^
^'''''
Shao Ssu' K'ou^ or
'(\'
its Vice-Presi<lents,
nj
4.38.
Jflj
% W
li?
Kuan',
Autumn
The
th
T'ai
<
)tHciah.
in
t(.
"
firstly,
the enforcement
U7
Institutes of
The
secondly, at
438
430
to
AAQ
the
Autumn
take
place
Ministry, together with the Censorate
Revision
(see
(see
decisions
became
effective
of capital
it
civil
considered
being carefully
Ministiy, in the
first
by
instance,
by
certain
Department
after
of
the
all
439.
with
its
all
since
previous issue.
to his service,
440.
f^
A[5
jurisprudence.
by the reorganization
438), as directed
by Imperial Edict
[
U8
of the 6th
J
formed
(see
No.
November, 1906.
Establishments
of the
The
a
Memorial
the
to the
as proposed in
is
itself,
sanctioned by
;^
ifJSt
^MlB
l-^^-
285 a)
id
attends
to correspondence generally.
443.
No. 286)
two
Four
^^
oA.
There
Ts'an' Shih',
two
ai-e
at the
444.
1^^
Council
(sec
No. 442).
of
.Judicial
Affairs.
revision
No
and
of
decisions
of
the
Supreme Court
of
.lusticc
(see
Wi
ili'I
5l
Wing
pa'^-cd
tlie
piovinces
of the Ch'ahars.
'<^''''''^
cases
Kwangtung, Kwangsi,
of
Szechwan,
b\
Ilii;Ii<r
Com-t.s,
Ibinan.
Sheiisj
civil
and
nicnl
'^
Atlair-.
12
;
0]
l*i'"'
sup(r\ising
[
11!>
441
^q
446
PRESEISTT
447
to
4^Ko
Left
of the
of
Wing
ch'eng.
447.
i^
fk.
dJ
Yu*
Hsii'
Ssu% Department
of
Pardons.
Kiangsi,
448.
|)(
ol Chii^ Hsu-'
ments
in general
to
be granted
to,
or
iHl
Under
767a).
the
direct control of
this
Department
is
the
No. 766).
450.
Hui*
Chi*
(K'uai^)
Ssu\ Audit Department
f fl
registers receipts and expenditure of the Ministry, prepares
estimates, collects fines and takes control of property confiscated.
prison at the Ministry of Justice (see
451.
Affairs
j-
Shih*
.^[^^^Tu^
prepares
translations
452.
The
each
staff of
Department
of
seal, etc.
the
Ministry of
453.
%^
292).
Department Directors
Siiou^
{see
No.
291)
150
and two
Second Class
J^ It
Clii^
T'ung^
^^
pI
Office
(sec
Now
No. 292).
abolished.
456.
were deposited.
Its
Treasurer
and
7a,
Overseers
(see
from
No. 298).
one
This
one
of
staff consisted
two
to
now
is
where
fines
Ssu^
K'u*,
\^
p\
J^
f|i
K'u*
non-existent
Shih',
(compare
No. 450).
^^
457.
in charge of
g^
(one
Department
With
Chinese).
of Prisons (see
No. 419)
was abolished
457a.
the
Prison
employment
p1
Dt
p1
No.
see
Office;
for eight
''5su'
This
457).
Ssu' Yii',
of
Warders
Section
Warders;
9i'..
(of
furnished
It
is
now-
imfi^
458.
collects information,
I'^ie'i'
<'1''=''
<-'''"%
Compiling
Office;
of laws, etc.
459.
over
454
No. 162).
The Ministry
Local (Courts
1.
2.
;i.
I'l
{.ur
459
C:ilNA.
460
COMMERCE.
460.
a\i
Pu^
Kuiigi
(literary designation,
(Board)
of
Works
of its President J^
"
Superintendent of Oaves ; of its
literally,
p]
Pu*
Shui^
"
^\i
;'Jlc
Ministry
;
This Ministry
Shani
1-
-^ 3i n] Ying2
(compare No. 345),
2-
wl
tB ^K
"wl
/^
ii^
of
Weights and
Measures,
^-
Tu^ Shui^
Department
Ssui,
of
Waterways
and Dikes,
'^-
^-
two
^4 1^
Chii',
^^
Chieni
Coinage Office which was under the control of the-'-Junior VicePresident of the Ministry of Revenue to whose title was added
Chien^ Li^ Ch'ien' Fa* T'ang^ Shih* Wu^,
Ji
^i
(see
^yS
No. 366a).
6.
^ ^
Chiao" Ch'ang^,
Court), supervised
'^-
^ i^
by two
^ =
Icehouse
Chieni
Tn\
(for
supplying
the
Overseers,
1^2
y.
pI
461.
461
9b, etc.
esta-
its
1903)
2.
i^
2p- tjj
Department
of Agriculture
and Forestry,
^-
jM
ol
4.
If
p1
5.
6.
^ ai
^ ^ If
p]
Hsiieh-
Kuan^ Commission
of Commercial
by two
Tsuan' Kuau\ Chief Revisers, and two
|!^
Legislation, directed
KuanS
for the
^^
'g*
"g"
Study
Tsung^
Tsnan' Ilsiu'
Revisers, and
"
^^
ft Shangi
In addition to
Pao-'
'^'i'
posts
two officials
and Second Class Secretary {see Nos. 290 to 292)
three ranks were attached to every
latter
of each of tiic
;
Department.
For information
296
as
to
the staff of
).
462.
^^
ifH
i'lH
Kiing'
-^'x'lg'
Shang'
Vu\
Ministry
l^;i
^q
^q2
463
to
Ministry
1907.
itself,
sanctioned
The Ministry
464
of
Commerce
and
Industry
Agricnltvire,
the issue of trade marks, and schools having connection with the
afore-mentioned.
M 5#
463.
Agriculture
Wu^
Nung
p]
directs
Ssu^
agriculture,
of
Department
colonization,
forestry,
wharves,
bunds
harbours,
etc.
and
the
dikes,
This Department
Is
conservancy
in direct control of
of
rivers
and
1.
{see Nos;
2.
Guilds, their
3.
Office
at
as well as Botanical
it
X^
ol
supervises industry in
its
branches,
i.e.
of Industry
Under
1.
Department are
f Capital
and
in the
No. 771),
5.
Exhibitions
Peking
6.
{see
for
the
Encouragement
in
Embroidery Workship
[
of
see
Industry, at
ir.4
No. 771).
]
^ M M
464a
in
40Q^
464a.
1910).
^mMMf^
464b.
Ch'iian-
Office of
465.
"j^ li
Chambers
controls
Chambers
of
Commerce
of
in
Commerce abroad),
Department of Commerce
China (as well as Chinese
;
commerce,
])y this
Directly supervised
Department are
Commercial
1.
\V\\* Ssu',
Shang^
Chambers
2.
46oA.
i>^
Commerce
of
Lii'
Shang^
i\\
No. 774).
{sec
Kuan'\
Laws
Commercial
Conrmiittee.
465c.
f>^j
HJ
p]
ii
ii-
i]^j
^1?
,^j
Aftiiirs
accounts
Under
466a.
in
ChuS
No. 776a).
8hang' Piao'
No. 776a).
and' si-jicrviscs
transfers, jjromotions,
Office
(see
Ts'e*
Marks
Trade
Chii-,
(ieneral
B. f^ p] '^''"' ^^ "* ^^"'' Department of
checks the income and expenditure of the Ministry,
its
keeps
the
fli
the duties of
connection with
apjKtinlnients,
etc.
s^afl*
I)c|:irln'nt
is
the
tiie
Chancery, now
of
the supervisifn
aliolished (see
incoming
No.
and
4(;i a),
outgoing
were transferred
to this office.
[
1.^'^
^q
467
to
^w^
The
467.
inchides
Directors
to 292).
The
468.
were
of
the
Ministry
of
1-
2-
(see
P1 "B*
ilM
BH^
^^"* ^*^"^
K^^"g'
No. 302a),
rUan-, :\lining Advisers
Kuani, Advisers
I'
^^^^i'
(see
No. 775),
1^
Advisers, and
'^-
4-
M, Shang^
!i
Wu*
I^
Yiian^,
Commercial
f^
i^*
tS'
Wu^
Shang^
Sui^
Yiian",
Commercial
Agents (Attaches).
To
469.
Commerce
first
the-
rank
2.
g[jj
^g
rank
Agriculture,
Indust'-y
II Tcng=^ I^
and
6a,
j:^
"-^
2-
of
iSIinistry
^ ^i
1.
g,]j
Erh" Teng^
I^
7 a,
I^
Teng^
I'
first
8a, and
4.
n#^
second rank
470.
Erh* Teng=5
I"^
Shili'S
Engineers of the
9a.
Ij-
No. 162).
Under
471.
2.
(sec
768 to 782.
[
15G
officials
discussed in Nos.
472
"
*'
The Ministry
and Communications
of Posts
is
in
supreme
is
as proposed
by the
liJOT.
^^M
473.
285)
office,
staff
and
28oa)
correspondence, etc.
Four ;^
475.
No. 286;
/>
are employed
Kuan', Officials of the seventh rank (sec No. 299),
two at the
at the Ministry of Posts and Commiuiications,
Council {scr No. 473) and two :it the i-Vcretarial Office (src No.
474).
'*"'^>-
^{i
of
docks,
Cheng' Ssn',
marinr and riverine
Cli'iiair
sup(r\ ise-
Navigation;
construction
th.-
improv.'meMt
lighthouses, etc.
[
!:
of
)rpartni(
lit
sliij.ping,
o.
tlic
harbours, erection of
^q
476
477
The
to
just mentioned
481
Ch'en^, Superintendent of
S Nan^.Yang'
? j/c
carried out
Ta"*
477.
1^ i^ pj Lu* Cheng* Ssu^, Department of Land
Communications ; controls land communications within the Emiire
and
'
legislation
having reference
thereto,
collects
funds
tod
HgC
478.
graphs
of
Department
Tele-
of land lines
and
p\
479.
}5 gSt
p1
of Posts
Empire,
transmission
is
of
postal
money
parcels.
^^^
480.
Affairs
Wu*
Shu*
recommends the
keeps
the
and despatch o
accounts,
oversees
buildings, etc.
In the
Autumn
of
its
481.
At each Department of the Ministry of Posts and
Communications there are stationed two Department Directors
(see
rank
[
(see
15B
number
uf
/"V "
4S2.
ig
ff^^
^ ^
("hii'
J^
This
Attaches.
uair.
dated
Commiuiications,
Land Conmiunicrttions
in
1907,
the
railways.
is
Chief Kai'lway
22nd December,
the
The i*ureau
Chii-,
superAision of
Writers
^l''li',
tlie
Department of
{see
$S 13 J^
was under the supervision
of a
5?^
Inspector of Railwayo.
483.
gg
and
second
P,^
indefinite.
^M
t^-i-
similar to the
Yuan-, Advisers
T'
f^ |^
^'^
Lu^ \Vu^
{see
I*
Yiiair,
48.3.
B^
special works
4G.
given
='^
lecturo
Attached
At
(now abolished
gg
-J^
ser
I]
containing
the
for
of
Ijenefit
i<
the
many
l^^'ao'
the
h.re arc
Ministry.
Kung'
(liij-,
Room.
Lnginecring
Otlic.-.
jlllj -^^
i{ TsV- liiii' Vnan^
(hief
I'Sliih',
lOngineers Cof the first and
Hill
of
Draughtsmen, j^
oflieials
^\l ffi
X kc
hiang' Hsi-
<
^f[
to this Hall
4Mr)A.
487.
^|:
in
482
tO
487
|g ^j T-ieh^ Lu* Tsung-*
Bmeau, administrated by
Chii"
Wi-itoi> of the
I-"^
i^'i"^
^'1''^^^
-^
:/l luj -^
I^' ^iil''.
1'"'"^
l':^
4*
i'^
sec
So.
i^H -{: I*
.'*01J.
Shih\ Kngineers
(of the
488
4.Q
^Q-
488.
5i
preting Office)
^
;
with |^
Fan^
Interpreters
I*,
(Translators),
duties are
now
(see
later
its
No. 162).
The Ministry
490.
and
Posts
of
Communications
has
(see
Nos. 785 to
788A),
3.
The China
-Merchants'
(^see
No. 789),
4.
5.
The Bank
{see
of Comnfjunications (see
No. 792).
Mm.J^
all
management
Mohammedan Princedoms
of relations
in
were supervised by
this Court.
Ruling Senate.
In carrying out
guided by the Ji
^^-
its
^^
was
of the
by
two volumes
Lipovzev,
The reorganization
sense of increasing
its
of
scope,
[
was sunultaneous
IGO
49 1a.
Ji
Dependencies
Tibetan and
Li'
^J
charged
Pu',
the
control
tribes
(Board)
Ministry
of
inhabiting
the
of
Mongolian,
Tibet
Mongolia,
and
districts
The
itself,
which
left
Ko. 491).
As
492.
peculiarities
W. ^Y f#
1-
Vice-President
^'
El^
an
Wai*
IShih*
tlie
following are
Lang",' Supernumerary
usually
appointment
on
some
and
282),
conferred
Mongol Prince.
2.
There
no
are
Councillors
283
(see
Nos.
281
to
No. 285a).
These, however, will come into existence when the Departments of Colonization and P'rontiei- Defence arc organized
Secretarial Office {see
(sec
No. 496).
^ i 1^
492.\.
President
the
of
T'ang-
Ministry)
(of
sill
the
{see
No. 288;.
493.
pH
l!l?
M;
^''**
I^'"^'
1-
iT^li
f^
^"'''"''
<>'"<l^'''l.^'
nthic.
^^^"'
'I'his
Court of
l'':"i^'S
''''^"f-''
l<-'>-l
and
Registry
Office.
'^'
MaiH
liu
i^^^tU)
:i!)(l
'I'""'
'''>"-'
^'ii"i?"''
Chinese),
[
11
If'l
^q
493
Fan^
v?ith
Mohammedan
491a
I'nmslution
OtHc (for
494
jjQ
d.Qt^
3.
4,
^ f^ J^
.and
all
The
staff of the
^^^^
Orderly Office
^^
Chiefs, two
Ling' Pan*,
Chi-
Ho^ Wen=^ I^
is
Fang^
composed of two f^
|J|
Secretaries,
t!i!
#^^
^
^
^
^^
with two
p1
p\
No. 296)
For details
(see
8a,
The
495.
six
Departments
were
(LipovzcA'
styles
left
1-
M ^ ^
Mongols
2.
Mongols
Ch'i^ Chi^
(managing the
:l^
pj
affiiirs
Tien' Shu'
Ssu'S
Department
them
No. 191),
the
Inner
of the
Outer
of
Ssu\ Department
3:
"^
for
Receiving
1^-^
Hami,
and other
Tin-fan
6.
charge
JS
of
and
civil
Hsing'^
8su\
Judit-ial
criminal
cases
occiu-ring
I-i'
'^
fflj
districts of
Department
in
At
(sre
at
Inner and
the Chancery
f.\\
to 2
g^I]
Department DirectoriS
(see No. 292),
.3.
DejKirtinents
not
(sec
^ 1%
to
\'\]
in
to
(in
all
officials
of the Seal,
Keepers
Wei^ Shu^ Chu' Shih\ Assistant
^'^-j-^
Secretaries^
5.
3 to 4 iE M-
^-
''
Chcng^ Shau^
and
^^VJ:^M F"'
to
are
lat^-r
>vhi(li
to
Writers;
fUM
will
be
ronsenation of
wild
Hsieh', .Funior
In
sanctioned
'^'''"''
animal
develo})meiit
i^J
in
Cliiii^
Ch'an^Ssu', Department of
<'hargc of
the
forests,
of
the ((tloni/ation
improvement of
("oloiii/.ation,
Mongolia, the
cattle
breeding,
of
niin<s
ami
and
linhories
and
the
fQ
^q,,
(in
Outer Mongolia).
495a.
495i,
the
reorguni/ation
496a
311^
2.
to
497
As
496a.
^ly
^ ^ Tiao^ Ch'a'
Investigation
M M ^ ^ien' Tsuan=^ Chu^ Revising
ii
C^hii^,
and
Office,
Office.
2-
Each
of these Offices
which are
Sections, at
is
composed of a number of
stiitioned
Ku%
^ ^
^ ^ ^ Fan^
SH
I''
The
497.
^^^i*
Colonial Atfaus
Kuan\
Interpreters (Translators),
Ministry of Dependencies
1-
Seal
is
2.
>^
and
Chiefs,,
etc., of the
left
Court of
unchanged
in
the
kept,
^S j^
Yin-
K'Li%
Treasury
by payments
in
i^sues
maintenance
for tho'r
IM J^ P^"^
audits accounts of sums
^-
l!)C
as table mone}
^^^^'
th-u^,
issu.'d.
in
accoidance with
ie4
Mess Allowance
Offict
i<>gu!atioii
M^
4.
f^
i^fJ
I-a'
Yin^
^^^'
Wu^
Lama
Cli'u\
Office, and
Office
^q
^ i" ^
5-
Kti*
"Mcng^
especially
written
mnst be presented
which
those
Translation
Montroliaii
Faiifr'.
in
in
Mongolian,
Manchn
the
to
Emperor,
1^ If Nei^ Kuan^, Inner Inn, and ^^ |f AVai* Kuan',
498.
Outer Inn.
These were
maintained
for
Princes
Mongolian
In
of
charge
Inn
the
was a
there
Chien^
Tu',
Inspector,
As proposed
in
^ ^ -^ ^
499.
Chilr
Pien^
Hsiieh'
School
T'ang-,
with
the
in
1909,
of
object
men
preparing
for
service
and the
and
jU f^
coui'se of
to
AdmiKsioii
open
to
all
the
fit
in
School
of
Mongolian
Til>etan
is
who
.Middle
School
course
srr
Noh.
.OHO
to
.')82),
examination.
j)aBH a test
The enrollment
On
of
<-onipletiori
are
and
Srhf)ol
consists
^'j
Mcng' Pu^ K'o', Mongolian
^'^
Tsaiig' Wei' K'o', Tibetan Section,
each is of 3 years' duration.
males between
arc ))iiysically
completed
jfj|
study
It
the
at
498
examined
their
lv
the
scliot)! is
courses of study,
Ministrv
lOo.
students of the
those satisfactorv
arc
^^99
the frontier.
of Mongolian
and Tibetan
and
students
of the
languages, literature, history
geography,
School attend lectures on political economy and finance.
In addition to
the
study
16G
JM{KS1-.XT
600
to
504a
POLICE.
^^
.500.
g ^ Ching^^
I'l.'a'j.
organized
is
similar
the
lines,
difference
great
being
the
in
terminology used.
A.
MetropoJitan Police:
Wl^'^M
501.
Hsiiu-
^^
Police Bureau.
and one
the
in
j^ Wai'
^[*
Cli'L-ng^.
Chinese
Citv.
At
502.
^(K
Ig.
is
MMyA Hsiin^
'hing'
-^
lia
i^
^ ^
Hsiui'
Bureau
The Central
504.
of General
A flairs
5^-^ \-
Affairs
1-
^"'
^^'u'
Tsung^
4^
^ Ching'
'bl
^- ^5
Vd Kl
5a.
is
c()ni})o'sed
of a
Chancery
S^
$'
Bureau
I*olice
^''i'
'^'"^
'""'
^^'<'"'
Chancery of (Jcneral
S1.ih^
"'""'
('ll'u^
I'^"*'
Section
(.f
Current
Corre8|)()ndenc(',
4.
"^
Jjff[
))5
liili'
Ku\
Ving'
I'img' Chi*
Ku', Section
Accounts.
[
ir.7
of
Statistics
uud
fl
604b
to
504b.
^ ^
ii
Wei^
506
Sheng^
Ch'u^
Sanitary
Office
?^ jI 35 Ch'ing^ Tao*
W ^ Wi Fang2
^ ^ ^ I^Hsheh^Ku^ Medical Section, and
Wu* Ku^, Medical Examinations Section.
^^
has one
5 04c.
a\ tM ^ Ssu^ Fa* Ch'u", Judicial Office
I*
2.
3;
f&. ^^
4'
Jf\]
^ 1^
504d.
Office
Hsing'"' Shili*
f^ j^
J^
Cheng* Ch'u*,
Hsing'
1.
2-
'/r^
^ *^
3-
fix
Administrative
Foreigners,
4.
j3
Section,
6-
^ jM ^
7.
^H^
Ying2 Yeh*
Ku^
Handicrafts, and
M^^
3-
505.
Each
Chien* Chu^
Section
is
Ku^
Construction Section.
directed
Chief, and
gl]
by
IE
Cheng*
fix
Fu*
Kuan*
Ku',
/^
fifth,
^ '^
Ching^
and
506.
Bureau
Ig
^ ^ M
directed
by
Ching^ Fcn^
Hsiin^
^Q
Chih'
Superintendent 5a.
There were originally
Shih*,
T'ingS
Police
Deputy
Police
ins
all
Police Stations.
3^^
Ig
Ching' C'h'ii', PoHce Stntion
under the control of the Central Police Bureaux.
507.
At
Hsiin'^
is
directly
a [^ j^
assisted
by
^^
C'h'ii'
He
is
eighth and
At
In addition to
those
mentioned,
already
Tax
508.
509.
there
are
the
IJ5
Chiian'
Chir, Municipal
Collection Office.
51^.
X^
5&
r.u*
Streets.
510a.
f^
Wei* Shcng>
^^
Sanitary
Chii,
Office {see
No. 859).
511.
prostitutes
i^
6^ ^'^'^^ Liang^ So*, House of Correction (for
and femaJe offenders who have just compK'tcd a term
of imprisonment).
512.
15
fi^ ^,Q
of Law-breakcis.
512a.
Tai*
ry?
^-
%$
ix.
i\j
"'
'>1-^-
^1 *
Workhouse
('liili'
S()^
House of
i^^i
l"in<z-'
cliisses,
fi'f
W]
J;C
filfl
V\ i
(or
Detention;
Hsia<.'
House
ffi ^"J'>"f?'
<f
'">'''''
Correction).
J'^'^ '
''^*'''
M<'f>l'"'>t:">
in
tO
514
those
imprisonment for
Workhouse
it.
also
period
open
of
months
three
or
more
the
masses (compare
No. 343b).
The management
J^'
of the
carried on
K'o^, Sub-sections,
by
five
i.e.
2.
3.
4-
Sli"'
5.
6'-
Affiiirs,
^'iiiao*
f:^
At
284),
is
J^ Wen' An*
1-
Chien'
^i[
Workhouse
the head
of
the
Workhouse
]Metropolitan
is
f^
Tu^
who
1-
^j]
j-ff
management
Overseers
4.
5-
Mi- 1^
6.
7.
8-
'g- I^
KuanS
'W
(carry
on the actua
and Sub-sections),
Physician,
Tsung'
Chiao^
Hsi^
Kuan',
Teacher,
^'Tp
^
^^^
170
Senior
9-
^ It
^ IE
10.
n.
514a.
.Sl.u'
C'lii'
Shih', Craftsmen.
In the provinces
^M
So^
Fan^
Tsui*
^f
|K
0flj
^iW
Hsi^
514
compare,
519
^/[ llsi'
.So',
Workhouses
or
^[1
(Houses
])rovincial capitals
^'^
of
and their
No.
Home
for
No. 767a).
also,
flgi^Xig IV
^15.
to
is
orj-^anization
the
in
614a
Chi^
Kuug^
("h'ang-3,
Unemployed Males.
51fi-
WL
0l7.
'g-
(compare No.
|;^
Kuan'
Chii-,
1'
Yiian',
Public
Dispensary
S5\)).
U^^^Y.M
5l'-
Yang'
T/.u^
Chih"
Yen- Chiu'
Self-
So-',
519.
Wj
;^i;
^ Ssu'
<f
Police Stations.
They
The
raw-lireakers
making
of
gathering
Police
to
the
consist in :ipj)rehending
of
.lustices
of accused
persons, the collection of bail and
the examination,
in
of
corpses or
.Iufli-ial
woundrd people,
I*oli^e
)llice,
etc.
exist(>nc' \\herever the
The
the
PoHce
171
.in-
new
519a
^Q
f,n-\
9a.
.51
Hsihi^
of Judicial
Captain
Cliang-^
Kuan^
'g' Hsiiii''
JK
CIIIXA.
Police,
^W
and
Hsiin^2
B.
Provincial Police
520.
in
some
districts the
Nos.
police are similar in type to the ^letropolitan police {see
501
Below
of
is
difference.
is
Hon an province
At the head of
:
the )^
m || ^
Tsung^ Chii^,
Pan*, Police
Tsung^
^^
|
Pie has directly subordinated to him
Superintendent.
1
fjj
gij
Hsiin-^ Ching''
is
Fu'* Pan*,
^ 1^
IE ^ ^ Cheng* Wen'' An*, Senior Secretary,
^ Fu* Wen'' An*. Junior Secretary,
^' ^ K'ao^ Kung^, Registrar, and
^ ^ Fa^ Shen^, Judicial
T'i^ Tiao*, Proctor,
ill
2>C
Officer.
ponding
of the city) |
K^
Jg
Pa^
Yii^
Fen^
Chii-, eight
PoUce Stations
Kuan^
'g* Tsung^
eight^'g* Hsiin- Kuan\ Police Inspectors, eight ^^ |Q Hsun^ Chi*,
Hsiin''
-^jl
J%
i%\
f>|
'g'
Tsung'
j|
Chi^ Ch'aChii-
^ ^ f^
Chii" I',
Kunners
1'simg3
Police Bureau.
is
Chii^
Ch'cng^
Inspectors of
^^
'^MMM
521.
Kuan\
Wu^
Runners
streets
'^
at
the
and 14
Central
^^
17-^
Police,
who
AM Z A
(>J.(;
lOX Of CHINA.
is
-^ i<^ Tu'
Pien\ Police
Ts'ao',
&
>
Shu', Clerk
Ch'iiig'
POLICE SCHOOLS.
^22.
ii5
^ ^
^^
%^.
f^
^ ^
orl?
T'ang-
Kao'
t'li:
Teng'
Hsun"
Ching^
l?;;^
Ching=
Wn*
llsueir-^
Police Scliools.
the
The
coiu'se
students
of
object
never
is
Chien' Tu'.
'
^ f^
t>2
0;^|,'^
The
than
less
He
("hiao'
^j^
laj
scr\
police
years and
School
Police
in
is
i(;e.
nnnih.T of
tin'
cliai'ge
Tiao'.
'l'*i-'
tlii-rc
of a
is
S^ '^
>tafr <'oinpos.'d
Inspcrtor of
of
{".ducitiou,
Steward, and an
iiidelinite-
Hsi", Tea(di('i>.
yriK.
tjic
fifty.
Higher
\V"'
-"^lin'
the
for
.">
ill"
^^
nuniljer of
extends o\er
I)ii"ei't(r.
^/,^
men
j)rcparing
of studv
Jn charge of
)ctober,
liv
1908), at
Chien-'
I'
Stud\
y^W.
P<lice
of
Liritruction
not
lest,
liuiean\
of study
than
((nos
Ching'
cstal)IislH'd
.-uli-prcfeCturcs,
prcfcctin-es,
The course
is
">'"-
l^ff^^^Afi
<ne
yvAr and
>7'.
th.-
tin-
Lirn'
princi|.a!
So',
towns
and
<lIstricU.
number
of .students
dej)artnH;iit>
DO,
[
in
Chiao'
522.
to
52a
523a
to
.525
He
Director.
is
Cliiao*
a ^; f^
;^ So^ Chang^,
gif
^^
^^
by a 1^ f^
assisted
is
IShu^
^^
number of
Wu* Wei^
Wu* Wei^'
Cliiao' Hsi'^,
Teachers.
523a.
been arranged to
It has
for- its
opening
establisli
Sa
M^^
Management,
to
No. 766b).
LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT.
the projects to be accomplished
Among
.524.
period
preparatory
government (1908
1916)
or public administration
in
the institution
preceding
is
local
duHng
the
constitutional
whose duties
institutions,
the control, of
of
agriculture,
of
good
industry,
local
"vvill
consist
organization,
commerce, schools,
By
C(>mmission
'
for
Drawing up
Kegulations
for
Constitutional
Government,
establishment
of
local
in
establishments
^25.
Govemment
periods 1909
for
and,
districts
prefectures,
to
(similar
fn
pro'jected
'Ji'
for
institutions
cities,
sub-prefectures,
Russian provincial
1914.
the
in
universal introduction
for
{see Nos.
1913,
departments and
self-government
174
within
Self-
the
As
local
regards
villages there
^>m
1-
i^
Fang' Tzu'
and Villages
525a.
Cllill^
i^~j7
mM^ m
fit
in
t^^l
(see
'^i^
:^
f^
Shili'
Ching'
Drawing
up
Fang' Tzu*
Ti^
(following
regulations as to
for
Regulations
of
j)roposal
with
Ti*
No.
Municipal Administration
(see
525);
accordance with regulations drawn u]) bv the
for
Government
-:^
f^hili'
'>!"'?'
(see
Peking
Commission
and
Ciiili',
JT:
introduced
towns
cities,
for
self-government
a division into
is
the
Constitutional
of
Ministry
the
tile
ail
aflairs
to
elections
consist of 7
articles).
as
regulations
of
of the
local
utility
necessity,
educational
i.e.
matters
Libraries,
etc.),
(the keeping
in
the
maintenance
charity
those
order
good
and
pid)lic
in
the,
city
pavements,- etc.),
utilities
(tramways,
waterworks, etc.)
Kesidctits
of
order of
who
are
^|
[^ Lhu' Min*,
less
tlmn
for
local
piibli.-
>7r>
f..r
iVg
['\
jjij;
ffi
jv^-
llstian^
UU
i^l
1i
525a
Hsiian'
may
Tzu*
Chii'
be elected
Chu' Wei^
Tz-u*
Chih^
Yuair
Chili^
(^m ^ ^ ^
SiS
Chili^
and
Ch'iian'^);
3
M. :t ^^ Pei^ Hsiuan
'^ M.
:\Iembers
Ch'iiaii^),
A.
1.
|g
arranged as follows
is
^ ^ #
^M
^^'^^
Ch'ii^ 1^ Shih-*
and
2.
^^
H; fi
Boards.
l'>-
1-
i^.
^ ^
li
Tsung^
Sliih*
I^
Hui\ Municipal
Council, and
2.
If It i^
Executive Board.
,
A.
Ward
1.
Councils
The
Shih*
Tsung' Tung'
see
are
Hui%
established,
Municipal
one at each, at
No. 507).
one Ward' Council only, for two Wards, should the paucity of
the population
make
this desirable.
15 to
their
|^
Fu^
glj 1^
two years.
Under
Chang^,
2.
I*
of two
sec above).
another
number
as
their
Chang',
Ward
Wards,
Ward
Wai-d Councils
and"
consists
duty
are
They
one-tentli of
[
the
number
170
in
made up
^ Tung'
number being
|^
President, and
their respective
A.
1*
.30
for a term
Yiian-,
of
the
of a
8hih^,
the
at
execution
^f
of
H Tsinig^
Members
(the
Councilmen of the
Ward
Council
Mingp
Yii*
Tung^ Sllih^
one-fifth of the
question),
who
concerned),
Honorary Members
numb?i- of Comicihiien of
The names
(sec
tlio
Ward
above) of the
to
presented
Administration for approval
Chief
the
those of
"i^"
Council
Ward
tlie
in
Ward
concernetl.
Ward Executive
are
:^
Boards
to six
Inspector
of
Municij)al
^[embers
of
the
Ward
1.
the
city
whole and
The
suburbs.
its
Ward
various
^
1^ ^
gl]
Members
the total
Fu^
I*
number
of
members
of the
^^
number equal
Ward
Yuan',
to one-tenth
Council concerned)
B.
2.
The
Executive
Municipal
one
lioard
Council,
{arc
is
above),
comjjosed
of
H^
Tung' i>h\h\
Tsung' Tung\ President, five
Yii^
Tung' ShihS Honorary
Members, and 12
Ming^
Ijg
Members
^H^
to the
Ministry
members
who
city.
the
of
As
regards
>$^ ]\\i
l\ \V(
ii^
Stewards,
and other
lOxeculive
Shu'
\Vu'
Yn3Lu\
I?
in
'77
the hands
;rft
{jfj
who may be
Boards, their number
ofTicials
of
tiic
I'rcsidentu
525b
{see
the
Superintendents of
No. 798).
('entral
In
No. 501)
Commandant
Police'
Bureaux
are
styled
\a IS ^ #
\^^^
Commandant
of
the
Gendarmerie).
These
officials
are
sub-
525b.
i^
Ija
1115
ilH
:^
Tzu'' Chih^,
together Avith
As j^
into six
as
|j^
Cheu% Towns,
and
districts,
with
^ Hsiang\
I
[
l'
of
OK CHINA.
tla'
anentloned above
similar
is
The
Chih^
Chill-
in
Yiian"^)
(^
?o
cities
ilsl^
T/.w*
'^^ i^
lIui^ City and ToAvn Councils, as
Ch'engdeliberative bodies, and fclcll;^^^ ('h'cng- Chen* Tung' 8hih*
in
Hui*, City and Town Executive Boards, as executive bodies
Jtjf/jj
Chen*
Shih'
I'
^ ^ Hsiangi
^i li
I*
The Municipal
jMembers
(in cities
Aillagcs fi-om 6 to
made up of |^ fj I* Yiian-,
and towns they numljer from 20 to 50 and in
IH, depending on the population)
electetl, bv
Councils are
a term of
two vears.
^ J^
]\Iunici2)al
number
as
J^'u* I'
<
Tung'
of a
Shih*,
mmibn-
total
Council), and
Shih*,
total
Boards
I'jxecutive
Munici])al
made up
I*
i^.
g^lj
f||
(in
cities
Members
of
(for
members
of
the
from four to 12
:f^
corresijonding
Municipal
who
Council,,
Municipal
presented
Councils.
The
name
the
for appro\al to
of
the
President-elect
is
or (io\ernor;
villages
the
me
iibcrs
of
electois) a
[
i^y
tin-
^'|{
f(i'
Municipal
li-iauLr'
Council elect
Tmig',
\'illago
526
^^
Keeve, and a
there
is
To
Secretaries,
Ban'
tions
be attached
may
^^
Shih'* Yiian-,
Shu* Wxi*
)i^
Yiian"-,
Wen^
Tii^ Yiian^,
Stewards, and
^^
j^j|
Attendants.
^^^
in this connection,
forward detailed
the
The
supreme control
of
Ministry
the
(in
the direction
Interior
(sre
indicated)
Nos. 339a
to the
ap])ertains
and 342
compare
No. 525a).
526.
]{f
m fH MM'^ ^^}a
i'"'
'-r'i"8'
Chou^
Hsieu*
No. 524)
Districts
period
in
Prefectures,
Sub-prefectures,
Commission
Government
for
DraAving up
liegulations
to
(complementary
Departments
and
Constitutional
recomtneudation
of
the
The
1.
and
105'
Prefectures.
pendent Prefectures.
ments and
6.
above cover:
2.
Inde})endent Sub-preectuies.
4,
5.
Independent Depaitments.
No. 846).
Districts [see
180
3.
De-
Depart-
Within
tlie
should
its
component
town or
of Prefectures, Suh-prefoctu)es,
?]
H^
f{^
M #1 iS li ^ ^
Hui\ County
1^'"'
I^
Shih*
S^^
3.
U^
Ji'\
}^
(lovernment
Kxian',
prefectures,
'^
1''"^
officials).
^^
P Yiian', Memhei-s
County Councils are made up of
to 60 according to the population), elected for a
20
(from
tenn of three jears.
The members
^^
1^
As
to the fianchise
and
County
Administration
to those
referring to cities,
election
but
may
tea(;liers in
lose
Vxx' T*
Chang^, Vice-
to
eligibility for election
Establishments,
County Councils
of the
the
rules
as
Avell
as
{see
the l*ublic
are
similar
No. .025a).
officials
at local
tlic
elementary
8<-hools
for
not vote.
discussed
by the (*onnty
lei
('ouncil
arc
g^ Hui^
are of 30
(^
moon and
are held
I'')
to 40 days
once a year-: in the ninth
duration should occasion arise, extraordinai-}- sessions (^ P$
Lin^ Shih^ Hui* I*), of 10 days' duration, may be convened.
Boards
.
members
a
elected
Shih'*
number
similar
Yiian^,
Expectant
The Board
County
officials
County Council
of the respective
^^
presentative acts as
made up
of
^ i^
Coimcillors are
of Count}'
of l]^
|^
also,
there are
^^^
The
Government Re-
Councillors.
County Councillors
of
j^
number
Board
of
there
of the income
and expenditure of
be appointed a number of
may
^^
the/
County
officials
of the
Wei'
Yiian^).
a month.
may
To
officials or
^^
The
30 and
100.
Representative
Councillors
In
the
event
this
becomes- President
of
the
senior
Government
Board
of County
Fu*
Hui* Chang^,
glj
j^
Also, the Council is divided into two |}5 Ku',
Vice-President.
the
lf>
t^^
o administrative
The executive
officials of the
{Uxh'U^
Estabhshments
Prefects
i.e.
{see No. 848), Sub-prefects (see Nos. 852 juid 854), Department
Magistrates {see Xos. 851 and 855) and District Magistrates
{see No. 856), and attached to them, as assistants, are a nunil)er
of
Xk'^
government
B.
T/.n^
The
transmission of proj)Osals to
1.
Self-
The execution
the
Deputies of
Yiia.n^
of measures of the
2.
Wei'
Cliih^
Ati'dirs.
Tlie
3.
management
of
etc.
Councils :ind
tl"'
^^'M H
\u\
and
officials
the
County
be settled by
P'an*
Ya^ Men-,
Shcn
Hsing- Cheng*
lioards of County
Administrative-.Tudicial
this office,
local
(Offices,
<
"ouncillors are to
until
or,
the
to the
cstablisiiment of
Governors-General
^
is
to
the
{)roceedings
10stal)li)shment8
the
of
The suj)remc
Public
County Administration
control,
in
tlic
iLrection
{see
just
Xos.
527.
the
t\ruWhV&
Organization, of
'^'^-"'
Local
*'''''' <'''<''
Self-government;
established
lH:i
at
Arrang-
627
527a
mg
for Provincial
direction
organizing
local
Avith
officials,
institutions
self-govemnient
the object of
the
throughout
countrv.
^
527 A
Q f^^^j^^
ment Instruction
Tzu*
Chill*
by
the
administrative
departments and
The object
tion
Offices
is
centres
to be established in
prefectures,
sub-prefectures,
districts.
government among
principles
of
local
self-
the people.
up
the Ministrv of the Interior, dated the 3rd April, 1909), and
sanctioned by the
enrollment
Instruction
(^
Emperor on
j^
Offices
Hsueh^
are
the 0th of
Yiian'^)
persons
May, 1909,
at
having
the
the
eligible for
Self-government
franchise
(see
No. 525a).
('oneerhing the
the Kegulations
staft'
Offices of the
Self-government
[
I'^i
the
course
at
the
provincial capitals-
Instruction
Office,
628
GENERAL CENSUS.
to
The programme
528.
by the Emperor,
1909-1912.
within
tlie periotl
1910)
1911-1912
the
number
of
both
of
persons
sexes
be
will
ascertained.
By
M^
m^
}^
Tiao^ Ch'a-
Interior (sanctioned
following
529.
visor
|g
in
is
be
to
supervised
the
by
^ ^^
Police Taotai
or
Provincial
Treasurer
(for
provinces
as
is
yet
held
also, in
(sec No.
793;.
In
^^
.J.30.
adjunct
to
those of Prefect,
Department
this post
is
an
Magistrate, District
M ^ ^ TMao^ (^h'aM"h:Mig\
531.
this j)08t
is
an adjunct U) those of
^-^ ilK
"hicf
Tsung*
ii^
Census Inspecfor;
'lung', President
Ilsiarig'
('hang^'.
Village KIdcr.
is
Keeve.
532
533
to
534
533,
constitutional
in
government
all
of Finance, further
introduction of
tlie
this
With
the
mentioned there
January,
of
object
Avas established,
above-
refoims
the
accomplishing
by
Financial Affairs of the l^mpire, {srr Xos. 534 and 535), in the
54 1\ at
the
and
Governor-Genei-al's
establishments
Emperor on
534.
the 21st
Jf Jl n^
for
the
{scr ]Sos.
Empire
of Finance
\i\)
by
at the
the Ministry of
March, 1909.
Li'
Ts'at'
Chcng^ Cli'ii*,
Reorganization of the Financial Affairs of
Committee
th(>
in a
Yamen.
Ciovernor's
i^*
Ch'ingi
and made up of
establisherl at tlic
officials
Ministry
l)i-anch
Offices
Empire
(.srr
I'KKSKXl
At
535.
T'i
TiapS
the head of
President,
President, one
tlie
one
f^ tS 1^
^ 1^ Tsnng^
Pang^
T'i=^
Tiao*,
The Committee
1-
Ml
in
Vice-
officials
f-l-
charge of the
provincial branch
is
information
of
compilation
offices
Jg
^ ^ Pang^
P.an"*,
o!ie
supplied by
repttrts
the
based on
such information.
2.
:^ 1^
Ching' Chi'
^'i-
KV,
]^ 1^
^^
Shell'
TAao'^
K'o',
Manchurian
Section
^-
Kan^
yl
Chiang'
^-l*
Auhui and Kiangsi,
5.
JIlJ
\i^
^^
^'\-
f^
J^lr
K'o',
Section
for
Kiangsu.
"l"
Honan.
6.
Ao^
Ilsiang'
K'o',
Section for
Hunan and
Ilupeh,
"
Che*
^^'"'
1-4
K'o',
Section
for
Fukien
and
Chekiang.
y-
-^
-ill-:
?'}
^ iieh'
Kuangsi,
y.
^^
?4 Ch'iu-
})laccs like
Kobdo,
11 0f
I'l
K:i"'
'-
fi^.
i\!l
'^^-
ff
Section
for
Shensi
and
*^''0'
I!-iii'
K'o',
Section
for
Kansu and
K'o',
Alt'ai, etc.),
hill'
Chang^
[
17
535
536
to
638
an indefinite nnmbei- of
W^
the
'S*
first
'^^^'* ^^
is
ffi
Kuan', Advisers
necessary qualification of
are
; the latter
selected
,the
and
in finance
Branch
}f JM
B^
llj
Ch'ingi
Li^
Ts'ai2
Cheng*
Chii^,
all
These
{see
by supplying materials
537.
in 1^. Tsung^ Pan*, Chief of a Branch Office of the
Committee for the Reorganization of the Financial Affairs of the
Empire in charge of a branch office of the Committee. This
;
538.
of the
of
the
(see
No. 825)
this
post
is
an
adjunct
to
those
Aflfairs
of
Salt
Commissioner
84-2),
188
PRESENT DAY
539.
I'OLITICAI.
OUG^XIZ ATIo.V OF
Supenisor
each branch
office of the
for the
ti'iui
Kuan',
Finan.
ial
Li^
riiien'
IE ii fl "^ (iR'ng^
CMIN'A.
Branch
of the
efforts
Keorganization
to observe
of
Offices
the
Financial Artairs of
of the
the Empire.
5-iO.
glj
JM
{see
Supervisors
Branch
541.
tion
'b'
^^"'i''
<^
hicn'
Offices of the
Committee
Financial
to
are
Empire
made up
of
^1^
1-
Assistant
Kuan',
in a similar
of
three Sections
Li-'
manner
deputed
No. 389) and with the same object.
Financial Snpervisor
Fifiii^ Clii^
^*-f
in
charge
and expenditure,
^M
2-
^4
'^li*^^!'^
-tlo"
Section
K^o', Bevising
for
the
forwarded
Wn^
AfFaii-s
examination of returns
l^ f^ f\ Sim'
3.
among other
Each
Section
is
administered by a
Section Chief, to
whom
Secretaries
number depending
Cthe
tliere
om
f4
i4'
are sul)ordinatc('.
(chosen
on
f,-[
the
^l}!
I'
I'^'"'
Cliang\
J4 K*u' Yiian',
Inisinoss
Sh.'n',
of
the
A(ivi.ser8
"^l^
|]i
189
539
tO
540
42a
4.Q
.544
Revenue
the Ministry of
{sec
The
The
was tixed
capital
up by
Government and
the
As recommended
sanctioned
Bank
the
by
taels
from the
in a report
Emperor on the
of the Ministry of
7tli
]\Iinistry of
GovernmenL Bank.
The
million
ten
HangS Ta Ch'ing
taels)
the
by
Finance,
542a.
raised (to
Ministry of
issue
of
same time,
thousand
sixty
additional shares.
By
new
the
^^
Ko. 77G.)
The Board
is
of Directors of the
(see
(sec Xo. 544) and four Directors Ls*?^ Xo. 545) a control over the
operations of the bank is exercised by two (^Hicial Supervisors
(sec Xo. 546) and three Inspectors (see Xo. 54Ga).
543.
styled
|I|I
IE
"Ul
M M
Chieii^
^beng''
foi'
term of
544.
styled
1]
f^\]
1^
Tu\ Deputy
(lovenior (formerly
*.q
545.
5S
They
all).
are
fonr years.
is
^ m ^
546.
Li'
Chien^
Kuan\
Official
Supervisoi-s
(two)
546a.
more
shares.
In addition to
547.
its
three years.
is
Head
established
in
the
Moukden
October, 1905),
fii"st
(also
province),
Kalgan
province),
Ta
the
;
'(Fengtien province),
tzu
Kirin
in
branch opened
(Ohihli
Kwancheng-
Urga
Anking
province),
C'hinanfii
(Shantung
province),
Hangrhow
(("hekiang
province),
Kiukiang
(Kiangsi
province),
(Anhui
province),
))rovince;,
])r()\ince),
Chungking (Szechwan
(Shansi
Taiyiianfu
pi-ovince),
llsianfu
(Shcnsi
Foochow
(Fiikicn
Hankow
(Hiijx'h
province), ("hangsha
(lliiiiau
At
eacli
branch there
is
^^
|f^
are a
JS?
645
5^ Cliing'
Li',
Manager, and
manager
by the Hoard
Siihordiiiafed
of DircctorH,
all
1o
a %{, / Ilhieh*
the
hv the
I-'iiiance,
liini
there
Li\ Sub-
hraiichcst, appointed
^^^
^Q
At
548.
548
^t^.mm
1-
550a
Peking
Ta
Savings-bank, Avhich
Ch'ing-
is
directed
by a
|,|1
^jj^
Summer
Hang^
Tsung^
of
Pan"*,
1908
^^
549.
'g*
IM
Kuan^
HaoS
Y^in^
also
these
Banks;
^ ^
'g*
Kuan
existence at
are in
of the local
them
it
ment Bank
Ta Ch'ing
From
GoA^ern-
are evolved.
550.
The report of the Ministry of Finance spoken of
above (dated 17th February, 1908), dealing with the reorganiza-
Bank of
Government Bank
tion of the
the ^Ministry of
{see
namely
550a.
"gs
if
Hao^
g^
P'iao'
ChuangS and
may
be
call'ed
^^ Ch'ien^
^ ^
Chuang^
Banking Houses)
fj P'u
these are to
Yin*
Banks
will discount
bills
and
drafts,
lulls
of
exchange
The
(^
^ Hui^
P'tao"*), etc.
t}'2)e
192
of
bank
consist of 15 articles,
^ ^ in
ooOr.
^~''''li'
t^T
Of
No.
in
construction in
Chekiang
to
Yin-
bunks
tiiis
li:,ks
one
t.l
a'rriciiltural
jg fg ^7
Conmnuiications (ayy
:
needs
the
satisfy
])rovinccj,
are
of
IllXA.
llanjr-',
will assist
ty|)i>
l^ank
mM'M^
792), two
Bank (founded
Industrial
Y''eli^
tlic
ANIZATIOX OF
Veh^
tlu'sc
OR(.;
and tlnee
^
l)e
'^
of
railwa\
^ ^7
Nung"-'
established), etc.
Official
bank
The
Su]>ervisois.
if
1^
^ IR tl
<^1^'"' ^I^ii'
with a
The
Ministry of Finance).
of 13 articles.
regulations
sec
ff)i'
theii-
control consist
No. o4H
MINTS.
0.31.
3^
$11
i^
f,S
,^ T'ien' Tsin'
4&
Jift
Tsao'
1*'H
'f'"'
Ministry of Kever
of
Revenue
for the
(see
This mint
is
designation,
(official
^J 3^
I'i'
f>f
Finance
(see
No.
.'{49a)
190.5,
r>')]\.
it
Ch'ien' Tsung*
te);
Yii.-
is
now
ig g
directed by
-.1
styled.:
1^1
)'>^
j;^
^ lA m
[
'S:
I..
Bi 1^
]
''"s""' '''
Tsung Ch'nng'
550b
tO
^51^
551b
to
Kc t
a it
^ m mm^M
'M^
551b.
^M
is
Fen^
Pi^
'^sao''
These
3a, and
Mint
Tn\
Mint
4a.
Ch'angS Mints
(or
situated
the
are-
in
byaj^^-^JJ^jH^^
directed
Tsao*
(or
3a, and a
^^M
Branch
^#
4a.
Head
established
mm^Mm
T'u^ Yao*
Shui*
Tsung^
Opium ;
(a
temporary institution)
T'ung^
Native
is
1906 at ^^
in
directed
mmmmmmB^^
Wu*
Shui*
Shih*
Opium
Excise.
554.
It
T'ungs
Ta*
This
CK'en^,
by
^^
Wu'
'^''
Yao*
tu^ p^^^'
Superintendent
the
by two
Pa^g^ Pan* T'u^ Yao*
official is assisted
mmmmmmf^:k^
of
MMU^ ^
charge
Collection
of
Excise
on Native
is
an
ChuS
Opium.
official,
In
ranking as
number nine, i.e. one for the provinces of Chihli and Shantung,
one for the provinces of Honan and Shansi, one for the provinces
of Szechwan, Yiinpan and KweichoAv, one for the province of
[
14
Ilupeli,
the
provinces
and
Fukien
of
of
,
Kiaiigsn
one
Chekiang-,
and
ol"
tlie
the
for
for the
provinces
of
provinces
for
provinces
of
iShensi
Kuangtnng- and
Kiiangsi.
WEN
AT THE CH'UNQ
m^?i u f^
5o6.
?fi
GATE.
^^'^'"'
<^J''"<'
anfl
^i^-'^'
Octroi
s'^^^i*
at
the
10 to 30 miles.
In charge of the
the
Wen
Ch'ung
'>>"
Cliicn'
Ch'ung
(Octroi
Gate
are
Office of the
Wen
.^ F5 jE E
Gate, and
^^
filj
1^
Gate; both
55.
They are
^.
assisted
^ ]^ #
the
by
:\rcn'
at
at the
Customs and
are appointed
tlio
Chrng*
Su])erinten(lent of the
Wen
Ch'ung
Wcn^*
I'h'ung^
=i^
#^
Tu\ Assistant
at the
Superintendent of the
Tu',
Chicn'
Fu-
Head
by the
Tso^
T^
Peking.
5;3iJ.
the
;&
^^
1^
"^
'
''
<''"'
f-.r
''"'
the
Su|)crintendcnt of
W.-t
DiNisii.n
of
Peking.
.>fiO.
K'o'
I'll'
g^
^n^
Shih', (Justonis
l^A
EJIi
fjli
Examiner.
[
I!'-'
Ilsiian'
55Q
x^
660
PIIESENT
561
^Q
660
# gg
561.
^#
it
Ko" Kuani
These
Sliui^
K'ou^ Chien'
M^
56 IB.
jf^
^ .^
lU
SIW Hu^
K'ou^
Chieui
Tu',
GOVERNMENT GRANARIES.
'562.
CapitaL
at the
563.
^ ^ II ^ ^ f^ Ts'angi
M^n^, Head
At the head
564.
Office of the
two
m^m'^MmM-^u^ i^m
ch'in^
Ming*
Tsung^ Tui Ts'ang^ Ch'ang^ Tu^ Chih* Pu^ Yu* Shih* Lang^,
Superintendents of the (jovernment Granaries at the Capital
with the rank of Junior Vice-President of the Ministry of the
Ministry of Finance (shorter,
Ch'ang^ and
565.
|| -^
^U
'J'here
Lang==).
^U M ^^
Supervisors of the
Tu\
Goverament
# ^ ^
Inspectors- of the
officials
566.
^^
number 16
(half are
Manchus and
196
The
5()6a.
1-
3.
of
m ^ M
I^
2.
^ f
4.
^ # Hsin>
7.
Peking are
Lu* Mi Ts'ang',
^ f-
jjif
H.sin^
at
Ts'aiig\
||
ff l" Pei' Hsin^ Ts'ang',
^fc
Hsin^ T.s'angS
^ Fengi
^^^^'
Granaries
tlie
::^
Ts'ang', 5.
<^l>i"'
T'ai^
t; ff jt Fu*
Ts'ang', and 8.
fii
6.
l>'ing2
TsSing^
^67.
t"o
names
{^
;]^
Granaries; managed by
567a.
Shih^,
^^^^
particulars as to
(.^ensors
Supervising
Tli'a'
Government
the
Ts'ang^ Yu*
Granaries,
see
No. 214a.
FINANCIAL COLLEQE.
568.
HI
P^
iSf
Ts'ai^
"vvas
the 2Gth
April,
the Throne
to
themselves to
service
the
in
vai-ious
The
who
i.e.
in
50
articles,
a report dated
the supplying of a
Banks, Customs,
is
in
witli a
S'cctiou
fi ^'l""ig'
of
Miildle
coju'sc of three years and a curriculum similar to that
1.
'!
special
tfi
^-
courwc!
completed
the
/f-'l
of
'^'io>
lluee
course
Teiig^"
years
in
the
[
K'o',
for
those
Middle
l'J7
High.'r Section;
who have
Section.
uill.
:i
succc.Hsfidly
Thin
Section
566*
tO
gg^
B69
Jq
KfiQA
Special Course
to
the
course
of:
Law
of
Colleges
^[j
Pieli^ K'o^,
^;j-
Government
service
similar
and Administration
{see
^^
At
He
Tu^, Director.
is
charge of a staff
in
is
^ 5^
Chien^
{see
(sec
(see
(see
(see
No. 647).
IMPERIAL MAUSOLEA.
569.
1^
imder the
The
Emperors
the
of
569a.
situated near
7Jic
The group
li^ung his
is
i^Ji
mausoleum
Wan*
situated in
is
sometimes
C^Ui^-^
Ti^
" Tlie
in
Manchuria
includes
is
[^ San^
Nien'
Imperial Mausolea
of
is
Myriad Years."
one
in Chihli jjrovince.
Dynasty are
(jNIanchu)
grou2:)s of niausolea
Happy Land
reigning
hill
^ 3I
Manchu
[
jlj
Chi^ Yiin*
Shan^
Here
l'J8
from
names
their
titles
posthumous
H^
ijia
the
fa
hill
on the
hill
Emperor
^
-^M
\h
ii5
situated
j^
^\^
1^.
Ilsien*
Shan^
Kuei*
l^'ion^
T'ai^ Tsu^
'ti?
from Moukden on
Here
buried
is
the
T'ien^
;*: '^^
^^^
I(,ig
IS
Lan'
Ti',
known
the
!^
80 miles
j^^
T'ai^
Department
They include the following mausolea
Hua^
Tsun^
Ma'
Ti',
C.
Ming^ (1616-1626).
Chao^ Ling^, situated three miles from Moukden
Here are buried the
1^ |^ ill Lnng' Yeh^ Shan^
569 B.
of
Huang'
^15^^^
Tsu'
^ H ^ :^ ^
Ti\
^' ^i'
his reign as
Emperor
of
YiJan^
^1^
3.
from
Tsu^
Ti^.
^
Emperor
from his reign as ^ ^
j{C
thtir
Huang"
2.
Chao^
and
Ancestors
of
Temple
'"J^
Ching-^ Tsu3 i^
Hsiian^
tlie
^MJ^.^1^
A.
in
by the following
CHl.VA.
ffl
Yu\
Here
in
Chuang' (deceased
is
buried the
Empress
|I|S
^f Hsiao*
[Ij;
^'ifl.
Shih^ Tsu'.
^' I^ Hsiao*
2-
fj
jjij]^
Sliih'
known from
Tsu',
(1644-1661), and
Here aie
Ling'.
tlie
Empresses
as
his reign
buried
)l(f|
the Em|)oii)r
ffj
Shun^
("liih*
ij|
Hsiao* K'aiig'.
3.
^:
}|r [y^
Hsiao* Tung'
^^
:K
Pj^
^ifl Sheng*
C'hing'
Tsu',
<1662-1722), and
Hsiao*
jfl; )f\[
II ui*
in
(deceased
(in
1717), the
Sliih* Tru'.
Ling'.
known from
f<jur
Ling'.
Here are
liinied
the
Emf.resses,
i.e.
\^:
I'.inperor
K'ang' Hsi'
Hsiao* (li'eng',
569b
569c
^ 0g
Hsiao*
Chao^
^H
OF CHINA.
Hsiao*
^^
and
l\
Hsiao^
KungK
Here
?^ [^ Yii^ Liug^.
5-
known from
Kao^
his
Emperor ]^
reign as
Ch'ien'^
i^
TsTing^,
Lung^
(1736-1795), who died and was buried in 1799, and the two
Hsiao* Hsien- and
Empresses
^ Hsiao* I^.
^^
Here
are buried
Ting* Ling^.
Wen^ Tsimgi, knoAvn from his reign as jj^
(1851-1861), and the Empress ^- ff Hsiao* Tel
6-
I^
^^
tlie
Emperor
^ Hsien' Feng^
^^^
7-
Empresses
^^
^^
^^
Yii*
latter
[J^ Hl^
^1^
8-
Hni* Ling-.
(1862-1875), and
569c.
Here
the, Empress
'^ 1^
Hsi^
his reign
Ling-,
^ #1
P'ing-
I*
fa
[BJ
^ ^ Hsiao*
T'ung-
Chili*,
Che-^
Peking
in the
Yii*, its
Ning^ Slian^
Emperor
as
Department
T'ai*
ilf^
ll|
Yung*^
1.
Here
^M T'ai* Ling'-'.
Empress
MM \^
^^
'Pai*
Emperor
-fg^
his reign as
Tungi
^j^;
|g jE Yung^ Cheng*,
Hsiao* Ching^
Ling*.
Here
is
buried
the
Emporor
^ ^ 8hih* Tsung^
[
200
3.
known from
Tsiing',
Ling".
Cli'ang'
'I"!!"
OltG
his reig'M as
Empress
llsiao^ Shir.
iZy
4.
Hsi'
Ch'angi
f^-
Emperor {^
^^"*
^Here
He
r>ing-.
Hsuau' Tsiiug', known from his
Here
Ling-.
^-
l\iu]>('r()r
Cliia' C'lring',
tlen^
1H4U
the
Ijurird
is
hiuiid
in
ls.')3),
Tsung'.
reign
'l:m'
j^ -^
^ ^ Hsiao*
Mn' ^:
y^^
Kuang'
Hsiao*
'\f\^
^^ Wl
^'-
Empress
in
Hsiati'
jp
of
Here
Ling^
'i'"iig'
the
Emperor
hmied
is
ISoo
in
(deceased
C'hing'
Consort
the
lN."i7),
^'"'
r^
'm,
the
huried
Hsiian-
>j;
Tsung'.
"
[^
("h'ung-
Eor
(1875-1908).
570.'
Office
7^
of the
|?
Here
Ling'-'.
If
as
his icigii
bmled
is
;)\j
the
Emperor
Kuang'
]f;/^
llsii*
No. 189.
Pan*
The
Im|)erial Mausolea.
Sliih*
Mm-,
Kuan\
Tsung^
|,tl
Wu*
Va-
is
office,
l)eing
ICasltrn
and
To
tlie
is
(as
styled
at the
Western Mausolea).
attached a staff of
(Ul>li
\\:ii'
Shih*,
Smi',
its
regards
from
officials de{>nted
MausuK-a there
Inip.rial
tlie
Ministry of Kites
Vium^
Lung= Clumg', Department Directors, il M^ I'l)
and :| i\i Clui'
L;ing-, Assistant Departmi-nt Directors
Secretaries,
DepartMient
au-l
of
officials
(.f
Sacrificial
the
'}ii
"^^
Worship'.vr^ No.
Tren<-her
Knight
{see
N<l
[
!!-,
-'01
'^''''''
^\
J
'ifx
"v^
N'i'
Ch'ung-
3H'Jii)
^'l'*'
ClK-ng\
Clienj?*,
'^'"'
and
Chief
I''"^'^.
570
fg Fu*
Overseers^ glj pg
Overseers see No. 85), etc.
Nei*
Kiian^
Assistant
Liiig^
Assistant
Directors)
Department
Rites.
571.
P^
{see
charged with
No. 743b),
the-
guarding
of Imperial Mausolea.
At
Ch'in^ Tsung^
^J an f^ Jg
glj
Brigadier
and other
4a, |^
Banner garrisons
4a, a |^
jjl gj^
officials
571a.
a [^ Jj^ IH
Ling'
Kuan^, (Controller-General ; 3a. He is assisted
11
Ling^ Ch'in^ Fu* Tsung^ Kuan^ Assistant
Controller-General
;
is
of the
{see
^^^
Lhig- Oh'in^
Ling' Ch'in^
same grades
Fang'
as
I*
Yii'^,
Chang^,
Captains,
tnose of j^^'ovincial
No. 746).
In addition to
WM X E
1-
el
Overseers of
Works
at the Imperial
Ssui
Mausolea
K^^ngi
;
Chiang^
4a,
mm^-^'M'itn^'^
2.
Making
Ling'
Ch'in^
Wa^ Kuan\
3.
5a, and
6a.
The Ministry
of Eites {see
performed therein.
[
202
grades
Ta* Ssu*, Great Sacrifices (at which jade,
1.
:f\: JjiG
tissues and animals are oftered),
2-
4*
Chungi'
which silk
){iG
Sacrifices (at
3.
silk
also
Ssii*,
tissues
JnG
Sacrifices (at
j^
/J\
Ilsiao^
SsuS Inferior
offered).
1420)
A.
In the
first
moon,
so-called
tlie
jjiff
l^f^
JKjJ
jfj^
^;5 Ch'i-
Ch'i'-
Ku^, Prayer
Xien- Ticn\ Altar
Tn
1).
(also
Hill,
^C"h':iuo=
Yii'-j,
at the Ig|
(^^
Tun<i'
Ssu*,
Yiiair
and
(\
Yii-
jjig
the
at
Chih^),
[f
Ir.
Winter
Yiian-
Solstice
("h'iii',
Kound
Hill.
At
2.
(also ^j
or
4fc
the
built in
3.
f_^.
because of the
was
Summer
Solstice,
3? Hsia^
l.>30j.
At the :^
l^lj
T'ai'
(or
Temple of
^^
Beginning of Spring,
B.
^ g(
Meng'
ILsia*,
Beginning of Summer,
C.
Ch'iii',
In
the Kcventh
IJeginning of
Autumn,
[
203
'2i
M< ng*
^^
jMeng** Tung',
End of
At the
(;hung^,
4.
She and
;TTf:
B.
Hsia^ Chi^.
At
the
(:$t
Wcn2
)f5
^liao*, or
?L
Hsieni
JL
If K'i"g' Sheng*
Kuo^
Hsiieh^, State
gj Jp
also
of Confucius,
Miao*, Temple
School
twice yearly
>fjli^
5.
Nien*
(Jhi^
'Jhi (Spirits
-^^-
yearly
|^
^
Patrons of the Dynasty)
if She*
^ ^
Shih^
K'ung=^
Tzai')
(the
so-called
^^
tAvice
.A.
In
Sacrifice),
Spring
Chi',
so-called
^^
At
Mornmg Sun
Chi',
In
the
Autumn
Ch'un'^^
moon
eighth
(the
Superior
Sacrifice).
^M Chao^
the $]
;
and B.
Ch'iu^
moon
second
the
once a year
Jih*
^ ^ Ch'un'
on the
T'an^,
Altar of the
Fen',
Spring-
Equinox.
At the
Evening Moon
^ ^
2.
Equinox
3.
'?^
Mi!
Hsii
if
once a year
moon).
At the
^ 2 )i
Ti*
JSi
ft
Wang^
]Miao*),
Yiieh*
T'an^,
on the ^^ -^
Temple
of
Altar
the
the
of
Autumn
Ch'iu'- Fen',
Wang^ Miao*
(or
of
alt
Emperors
Spring
^^
Sacrifices),
Ch'iu' Chi^,
At
4.
the
At
5.
Mother
altar
the
^^
of Agriculture
was
once a year
so-called
Sacrifice).
5tMil-Hsien' Nung^
Father of Agriculture
Ch'un^ Chi'>
and B.
Autumn
^^
in
T'an^,
Altar
of
the
if Hsien^ Ts'an^
once a vear:
the third
built in 1742).
[
204
in
moon
(this
At
6.
Heavenly
the
5^
Spirits
ililjl
Earth
case of
in
'IV Ch'i-
natural
T^u.^ Altar
of
|l{l
At
8.
(King
^l^
the
of the
of
tlic
tlio
Spirits
(The Altars
cahunities.
name
Altar of
T'an^
Slu-ir
At the i^ j^ jf
7.
T'ien'
if
C'llNA.
hear
of
ui'
the
tlie
irencral
Altar of
.lupiter
Year)
Sui'
:^ it T-ai'
:*:
twice yearly,
Tv.n-,
i.r.
the
in
and twelfth
first
moons.
Four
of
01 the latter-mentioned
Agriculture, of the
altars,
Spirits
Temple
Shan^
known
as
the
\l\
)\\
i.e.
Heaven and
of
I'arth,
C'h'uau'
and
which
of Agricidture,
is
of
also
Temple
T'an'-,
of
At
1.
Physicians
the 5t
of
V Miao\
H^ien'
Ifj
\nti(juitv
twice
}ear;
Temjjle of
and
second
the
in
Famous
eleventh moons.
At
2.
of Fire
.3.
the
ijilp
once a yeai'
At
the
^^
Patron of Education
II
}^\
uo^ Shcn-
of the (Jod
Miao\ Temjde
in
Wcn^ Ch'ang'
ff/1
twice a year;
in
and
the second
ighth
moons.
4.
At
the
^3
',V?
K'lan'
I^li
Ti'
-Miito',
Temi)ie
(ioneral
fifth
of
the
the se<-ond,
in
of
Liang' T/'u'-, Tcmi.le
fl li fill Hhcuthe
Eminent Statesmen (tlKf^e who have rendered great service to
.'>.
At
the
present Dynasty
fr)nnded
in
in
the sccon<l
At
t'lc
If^j
;j,\
hao'
f'hung'
,|jJ
17-Jl);
iti
?''
T/.'u",
twice
Temj.le
year;
in
of
the
At
7.
the
twice yearly
At the
*, ;|nj Chiang^ Chung^ Tz'ii^ twice yearly
second and eighth moons.
At the
9.
ilU Pao^ Chung^ Tz'u'*; twice
yearly
8.
in the
j^ In)
in the
^*
;,
in the
At
the
J^^ |g|
AttheH'i^fD
12.
Chi'
Hui-i
Tz'u^;
twice
yearly;.
in the
At
13.
Dragon
Spirit
At
14.
River
the fl
;
the
Spirit
twice
of the
Temple
in
/fj
|^
ifif
Slien* Tz'u',
lU Lting2
jjif
twice a year
of
the
eighth
moons.
15.
At
the J^
16.
At
the
^f
Pool
(here there
pI
Black Dragon
a temple,
is
built in
twice a year
1771, called
in the
f|
^ *^
moons.
At
17.
Pool
the
11
>^_
Pai'
Lung'
White Dragon
T'an',
twice a year
in the
At
19.
the
l\J]
-^ K'uni Ming'
20 to 26.
Wang^
Hung'
-^i
in. the
To
H^
hill
Uj
Hu' (also
M Hsi^
Wan* Shou* Shan')
;
%l Hi Ting* Nan'
(Ni) Kung',
fg. ;||
[
206
.^.
Wu'
WlM^
^^
Kung^ t^
Wen' Hsiang^ Kung\
At the ^ li
27.
Ch'in=*
Hsiangi
^^
Ch'iieh^ Hsi^
Kung', and
^ ||
^
Miao* Hou^ Tien\ Keai-
T'ai^
day of the
At the
(the tenth
first
moon).
Hsien^ Y\\* KirngS Temple of the
1415) on the birthdays of the Emperor
^^^
28.
in
At
29.
%m)^
the
At
on
the
of the
birthdays
Tui
%i^^W,M
called
(commonly
At
Ssu^
the
i^
p^^
l^ij
Priests, ipG
officials of
Ssu"*
In China,
addition
in
<'onfucianism
f^ ^^
.Tu*
ii
Wi.
Chiao',
(also
to
the
jjil]
Feng^
staff'
of
tlie
Priesthood.
In
I^
Two
each
WJ
Seng^ Lu^^su',
bearers
office
district,
CUiiao* or
<
hiao^)
Buddhism, and
573a.
Ming'
'^'i'''
With
predominant religion
^^
(also
f| ^k
Chiao*, Taoism.
Tao'
appointed
573.
(ifHelal
ranks.
invested
with
this
title
are
as in En
glj
t\\
local authorities
E
573
1^07
^^^^
573b
(^
with which he
territorial division
hood
ft IM ^^'"g^
Kang\
titles
is
concerned,
ff
|f||
^fjp| Seng'
2.
hood
in a
3.
Department, and
f^
Seng'
Hui"*,
in a District.
In
/& 1^
"RJ
^^
Shan*
"^i^o'
Shih"*
^^
^ M i^
'J'so^
Preceptor 6a,
Ch'an* Chiao^ Principal Preacher, and
:
Yu*
^^
ifl^
'J'so^*
6b,
4-
i M ^ Tso3
Chiieh^
573b.
used
all,
"&.
2-
at
little, if
I*,
Chiieh^
I*,
8a, and
:;i^
^^
^1^
in
fijj
Chang'
whose body
T'ien'
it is
Shih',
to
so-called
of one of the
^A
abode.
district of
^ ^H ,^
208
priest-
(compare
Thus,
in
x:HIS'A.
eacli district,
dcpartmeiit and prefecture
Tao' T.u^ Ssu\ Superiors of the Taoist
||^ W]
M^ll
1-
Prefecture (the
Chi*)
full title is
if IQ
Ti]
if
JlI
'i'^i')"*
9 15,
2.
in a
titles
'^'10^ ^'lli^
i^ jE
'I'ao* C'hrqg-*,
Department, and
^-
ill
tlie
Taoist Priesthood in a
District,
i IE
1.
ranks
&
Ga,
Wl '/i
Yu* Yen' Fa*,
iJ^
JI^I
in the
Princii)al
Secondary
Ilierophant,
Hieiophant
and
(performing
S 3^ ^ Tso'
^ ^ Yu*
^-
and
Chill'
Chili*
::^
duty
Yang'
the
performed by Taoist
j)riests,
called
^2i f'^
a similar
H^
ll-j
^''"'
various
cities,
prcfectural
thr
Ijljlt
[?[[
j^jli
CliVng'
Huang'
-MiaoM, and
1.
/t
Grailc,
and
and Taoism
Chill'
yfi'^'^Yu'
J..owest (ii-adr
57:5c.
3g Tso'
In
<
!'.
of the
I'lincipal Priest
l>Ih'
i\
Secondary
Priest
Lowest
of
the
X\'..
addition
to
the
of nuddhism
general religions
is the religion of
-09
573c
of sacrifices to
Heaven
Heaven
1.
iljl
'J^
Shamanic Chaj)el
2-
~J*
monthly).
A
of
peculiarity of
any sacred
extc^rior
])efore
(^
j|I^
vessels or
As
Shamanism
to
dance
spirits).
man may
appear,
women
called,
Shamanic
H
jif
The
tweh e
Priestesses
j^ :^ Sa^
Man^
Shamanic
staff of
Court numbers
the
of
priestesses
called,
oflficially,
|5J
ji]
Ssu^
Ohu*,
M\
Attributes,
SuperA-Isors of
Hsiang^ Fu'
Shamanic
2.
Powdering
.37
of
?i $
Bark, and 3.
19
p1
^^f
Jen%
^^^^
Jen"-,
services)
bag of
rice per
1747
mass-book
foi-
the
Manchu language)
Shamanic service
called " Hosei
210,
was
T'okt'opuha
674
EDUCATION.
574.
tested
when recognized
and,
as
satisfactory,
system
was,
of
no instruction
course,
in
furnished
(in the
Peking)
the
lucky
With such
the
in
a})plieil
sciences
Greek
and I^atin
in
in
the
ancient
languao;es.
The
in
it
educational
other leforms
among
was resolved,
affairs,
in
1903,
following the
The
of the
first
education were
in
406
Ch'u*,
until this
Committee
time
all
of
Educational
matters concerning
Ministry of liites
compare
At
of lOducational
Adaii--;
The members
Chang'
IV-hsi',
in
190.:
the ('onunittee
was exjjanded
^^
Jung'
Ch'i1lg^ and ^H
ZM
<
!?.^
l'"^^
draw up regulations
for schools
and colleges,
to define the
type
the
taught
courses
of
(common,
establishments
educational
the
(elementary,
The results of the labour of the
primary, middle, higher, etc.).
tjfficials mentioned took the form of a voluminous report (with
20 enclosures) which has since served as the basis of all
educational advancement in China.
down
general
and
colleges
pi-iiiciples
of
the
This
"Academy
of iSciences"
"
in China, is not the highest " institution of science
but,
On
Emperor and a Decree to this effect was i'^'^ued the same day.
By the new scheme of education all schools in C/hina may be
classed,
four groups
A.
General Education
sup])lying
^^^^^
Yii*,
elementary schools,
primary schools of the senior and junior grades, middle schools,
higher schools, universities, etc. {sec Nos. 575 to 595).
B. Professional Educational Institutions ; supplying
^ ^
^^
Shih^
Yeh*
agricultural, industrial
Chiao*
Professional
Yii*,
Education
all
classes (see
Normal Schools
supplying
||]j|iif:^^"
'
212
Chunn^
6'2\ to
Languages, Law,
||f
all
Interpreters, Foreign
i.e.
types,
^ ^
['T
supplying
Education
Special
colleges of
Chiao* Yii^
]\Icn'
Nos.
etc. {sec
627).
^ ^ 1^
575,
Elementary
i:t/
ill
at
Home
Yii*,
educational
the
:^
(also
|i
^t
Jk^
extent
the
admittance
for
nearest
'M
to
Instruction,
regulations
The}' are
Schools.
years of age).
for
substitute
furnishing
Chiao'*
hy the
rcc|uiix'(l
Elementary Schools
Yiian"*,
or Pre{)aratory
Chia^
Meng- Yang^
to
approach
to
the
Yu Chih^ She'),
at
^^
"^
duration,
^Vctnurses, and f^
At
daily
|g;
of
sessions,
not
Yii' Ying'-
Chieli=^
Ching'
T'ang%
more than four hours
f[^
|[g[
Ju^
Ao\
there
Elementary School
is
^ |f
575a.
^ ^ ^
Hsiieh'
Meng'
Elementary
T'ang^
tlie
03
*5
/j^
/J>
^- %' d^
^S
^ ^
'ili:
Hsiao',
Teng-'
Ilsia<.'
IJs'"'"' ^'li'inig-'
(f
/J>
tin-
Hsiieh'
lls,i.-h-
abtivc.
Sch(H)ls
:v.:
T'ang"^),
K:'"'
including
T'ang'
(also
Triiuary
'l''"f.^*
!>'''"*
in one
<]> ^- '^I'i
'^k\
Liang' Teng* Hsiao' Hsiieh' 'Pang', I'rimary Schooi.sol llie.Iunior
and ^senior tirades.
establi.><hni'nt,
-'I''
675
tO
t^
677
to
577a
At
577',
CIIIXA.
i.e.
^^
1.
Wan^
fJ[
Course of
Ch'uan'^
K'o\ Full
1-
tJ ^" d^ JP
^ ^ ^ fi
Teng'
Hsiao^
Hsiieh^
T'ang'
Ch'ui
^ /^
2.
Chien^
I*
^W\
/J>
Wi Pi
School
Primary
K'o^,
^'s"'
of
Junior
the
Grade
Avith
^h ^^^
Chien'
K'o^,
School
Primary
of
Junior
the
(Jrade
with
The number
of subjects
tauglit
ethics,
to
five (history,
retained)
and
[||
0;
|;f
Sui^
I*
K'o',
Optional
Subjects
were
On
completion
Schools of the
of
Junior
57 7a.
^^
/j>
course
the
Grade,
of
pupils
stud^-
of
proceed to
the
Primary
Professional
^^
Grade.
years.
214
PRESENT
i>AY
Iir
Grade
in these centres, as
Primary
both
of
School:?
to
obligatory,
places.
Besides
<^f
S i
Schools
'g'
jj^
Kung^
is
Kuan^
Li*,
Government Schools,
and ^^
Li*, Municipal,
the founding
jj;
the Government.
urged by
^^
^^
638) and 1
577c.
to 2
of
the
Scliool
privileges
fl
Grade
Senior
with
carries
it
the
following
Those who complete the course with one of the first three
ratings (1st, 2nd or 3rd) may, after a test examination, join the
Middle Schools, Normal Schools of the Junior Grade, or Middle
Professional
Should
Schools.
they
join
they
attain
attain
the
first
rating,
and
^
^
ig
pfj
one
|jjf
of
these,
^ Lin^ Shing',
^^
1*
they
fail
receive
document
certilying
Sheng',
to (jualify for
year,
and
that
anotli'-r
they
have
VJ15
577b
to
577a
578
2^^
578.
Nil' Hsiieh'^,
Female Schools.
scheme for
programme
of
founding of
1903
"/c
^^
to
iK^in^^^^M
1.
Hsiieh^
T'ang-,
Female
Nii^
Schools
Primary
of
the
Junior
Grade,
2.
^^
^^
3.
iC^M^
'b9^^
are
combined
one
in
arithmetic,
instruction
is
desire
given
in
and
handiwork
callisthenics.
Also,
wha
it.
21G
In charge of each
Head
Schoohnistress,
Chiao*
llsi-,
whose
statt'
iSchoohiiistresses,
Assistant {Sclioolniistresses.
is
^' j^
consists of
JE
^^
glj
General
T'aug"^
$!i
Fu^
aliiiirs
hang-*,
Cheng''
Chiao'
Ilsi'-,
are attended to by
^^
^g JM
Li3,
<^^liing'
^^ "*
To
579.
the
number
of
M^^M" ^leng*
1-
Schools
estaljlished in the
Grade
2.
^:
^^
Pan^
sessions part of
(holding
tliuiior
So. 577).
(srr
Jih'*
the
day only
in
of study similar to
coui'se
Junior (irade.
in the
majority of cities
of China proper.
the
^^
San' To',
at
K'ln-ijii
the study of
tiiis
scheme
existeu(,'e
Ilsiieh-
of
T'an"-',
it
of
tlie
type
was feaicd
^j^
^^
the
that
Vang'
would he
M-'ng*''
Iv^
enrollment
iiisuf!i;ien1.
5-
\^L
^^:v:
Mu^ Fan'
with a course
a.e
Ilsiieh'^
(f
establi.-hed
'^^"'''
study of
at
J'"'
Slur,
i^^'ieh^
Model
T'ang^
also,
serve
j>rovin<ial capitals to
-n-
1^^^
These
Schools.
.liniior
school.^,
Grn(hv
a model for
579
4.^ ^ ?t f^ ^ (^) ^
680
Used
(T'ang') Shu^, Schools for Teaching the Commonly
to
the
of
constituChinese Characters.
According
programme
tional reforms,
of
Education.
By
regulations
1910, these
schools
established for
Avere
illiterate
adults
and
children of the poor, with a course of from one to three years, two to
Manuals
Common
of
M, It
^^^
Characters,
is
some instruction
Grade
No.
{see
in
text books
.Science
arithmetic.
^^
and the
The
i)f
the Junior
Governor ^^
[If^
ll(^
in
Kuangsi
sec
report of the
staft*
of officials
from the
tribesmen themselves.
6.
Particulars
as
to
j\M
^hW"- 'M
^'^^
<'^>'^^
Hsiao'
l|;^ |^ \^
Chu* Fang^ Man^-Ying^ Hsiao^' Hsiieh^ T'ang',
Primaiy Schools at the jSIanchu Garrisons are given in Nos.
71 7a and 717b.-
^/>JP^
MIDDLE 5CH00LS.
580.
for those
Fft^^
Chungi
218
Schools;
Primary Schools of
and 36
year?
hours
Tliese
weekly.
and
district
towns
The
(optional).
t)f
five
581
schools
are
to
course of study
witli a
instruction
and
in
departmental
enrolhnent
each
of
is
No.
618).,
much more
stress
is
on
laid
^lemorial
By
distinct
courses
Course,
and
of
2.
A.
Major
Siibjects
The
and
Classics
conmientaries,
German
by choice and,
also, others
when
local
surroundings
Minor Subjects
B.
The
Scientific
A.
^lajor
Subjects:
sid)jccts:
mathematics,
languages,
Minor
B.
Subjects:
ihc
I^thics,
their
iuid
Classics,
pt>litical
economy
;inil
callisthenics.
In
supply instruction
5H2.
Director
(spp
No.
Teachers
the
.\l
No.
(are
6;}7).
*/?<?
in
No.
Also,
of
one
[
are
one
is
-'
desire
it.
tlun;
is
by
supplied
I.ilir:irian
Secretary
iilO
who
S<'hool
Midflle
instruction
there
639),
each
to tho>^c
Teachers
(one
Xo.
of
6 42),
llie
one
ggo
582a
to
583
Accountant
two
No.
{see
Proctors
No. 646).
582a.
ratings
Senior Grade
one
of
^^
and!
dormitories,
see
or
third)
one
the
of
after
may,
first
test
of the
degree
rating,
with
course
the
second
(first,
the
are
it
who complete
Those
join
there
No. 641)
{see
three
where
schools
(at
one Steward
643),
f^ ^'
Yu^ Knng^,
Sui- Kung',
if
if
they
attain
the
[see
second,
and
631); should they attain the fourth rating, they are. detained for
contiimed
study,
f^ /^
the three
first
receive a
fifth rating
merely
list
HIGHER SCHOOLS.
^^Pl:
583.
for those
Kao^ Teng^
Hsiieh== T'ang^,
weekly and
Higher Schools ;
Middle
of study of
from 300
to
500
scholars,
and
is
the prepara-
in all
courses are
literatxn-e
[
subjects
and
220
callisthenics.
]
CFIINA.
Department
(see
No.
{see
the
586),
Department of
the Commercial
History and
Philolqgy
foreign languages
English
is
obligatory,
is
French or German, as
optional.
common
to
all
courses,
addition
in
to
the
subjects
mathematics,
or
some cases
in
(and
longlish
as
the
who
German,
intend
to
follow,
Gennan)
student
wij^h,
instructioti
obligato)"y,
Latin
and
elects,
nnd
is
is
French
optional.
in
given
botany,
zoology,
topograj)liy, etc.
botany,
zoology,
ol)ligatoi'v
and
Latin
l*]iiglish
and
or French
is
degree
^A
^'i'^
%\\
Xci^
!)+l
2.
degree
K<.-
<'hih'
Chou'
riio.se
^ A
(scf
it
the
first
Nos. 629h
and
031) and
arc
appointed, alter a
7}:
^<^n'
is
chemistry,
(ilerman
1.
physics,
languages
foreign
Department
{see
No. H55)
.b'-n'
(srr
in
the provinces.
Nos.
-2'^^
rjl
^\
^:'\
r|l
^J
583a
to
Chung' Shu^ K'o' Chung' Shu' {see No. 137 a) at the Capital
in the provinces.
Chi' Hsien* (see No. 856)
or as ^n
degree
^A
after a
test
at the
who
'^hose
'^'
^8*^c
Ssu'
examination, as "^ f^
Capital or
as
Wu*
(see
^\]
are appointed,
No. 296)
849a) in
'
the-
provinces.
4.
Those
Avho
with
graduate
the
and, should
studj
fourth
again
they
are
rating
fail
to
another jear,
receive
they
list
rating
merely
No. 645).
The Preceptor
Assistant
is
Teachers
(see
No. 639).
The Steward's
an Accountant
(see
in
charge of Teachers
No.
638)
staff consists
and
(see
No. 637),
Librarian
the
of a Secretary (sec
(see
No. 642),
(see No.
644).
^^'mJMAj^^^
^^
583c.
MOn^ Hsiieh^
The
niajority of
T'ang"'',
the so-called
222
pi]
^^
(^huan^
the 'College
of
Interpreters
No.
{s'-r
may
626),
1)C
ClIIXA.
considereil
as
Higher
Schools.
to
585
UNIVERSlTiES.
584.
students
No.
^ ^
-X
583)
Hsiieh-
Universities;
T'ang-,
for
"wlio h:ive
with
Ta^
These are
at present
at
there
is
fif ;/^
be established
to
Departments.
-58.5.
^^
Classical
1-
of
5f-|
Changes."
2.
l^i}
^j
:J^
Department;
fii\
"Book
P*]
Hsij'eh^
I'
^.<iieh^Men^ Course
in
the "lU.ok
Chou Dynasty.
as icvised in the
^i
Ta'
KS,'
Hsiieli-
Ching'
PT Shang' Slni^
in
tlie
Course
in
the
of Hi-tory."
5-
''Rook of
[i''f
/ f^
Ctairse
M.-n-,
P'J
by
.M:io
^I^'"-,
Ch'ang.
Ch'iu'
Ci.-in'
P'J
the
in
n^-'H'li'
^''i^i'
^^'^^"^
a< revised
()(le.'"
#^
i-
Ts.)^
with
''Annuls,'"
the
Chuan^ Hsiieh*
comiiicnt:ir\
of
Tso-chu:in
^ J^^B
5.
Mei)^,
Conrsf
Mj
(i.
" H<jok of
"
'
Kue>"
fil
''"'"'
of the
^^
'f'S
9.
Ch'in'
San' Chuan'
Hsiieh'
r^M^'J
/liflf
Chun'
f^ P^
P'l
llsiich^
'^i'
Mrir,
Course
in
the
Kitnal of Diportmenl.'
LI'
8.
ip^ 'ji f*f\ ["j
'Hook
584
'-'^
il'^iJcli^
Men%
Comsc
in
the
^
Chi'
HsiM.'h"
Mr-n"',
Course
in
the
of llito."
0^^
"Analects
J ^r
of
P'J
''""'"'
^'^''
nsiiili
'onfncins."
[
228
.M.l^^
Course
in
the
585a
to
10.
:g:
^ JP
11-
587
P"]
Writings of Mencius,
Li^
51 ^P"]
Men\ Course
in tlie
and
Hsiieh'
Course
Mcn^,
Natural
in
In accordance with
585a.
dated
Ministry of Education,
10th
the
and
lectures
exercises
the
at
and
1910,
January,
classical
the
of
Department
Department of
of instruction
f4 ic
ilgJt
Law
Fa^
Ta'
K'o^
Cheng*
and Administration;
this gives
Hsueh%
two courses
g5C?&^P1
1-
Cheng* Chih*
Hsiieh^
Men^
.Course
in,
Administration, and
2.
in
v^ ^.
587.
Department of
courses
BH
3.
1'
in
4.
Course
in
^MHi
consisting
Hsiieh^,
of
nine
:E1
<
Kuo'\
Shih^
Hsiieh'
Men^
ig
P^J
Wan*
^^
ptj
of China
pi]
Chung^
Kuo''
Wcn'^
Hsiich-
Men^,
HM-ieh"
Men^,
hincse Literature,
^ H "^ ^
in
Chung^
World,
Geography
r|4
5-
Course
^ PI
MM ^^
History of the
Course
Philology:
Chinese Historv,
in
2.
in
and
History
1.
Course
Law.
^"^^en^
English
P^
Ying'
Kuo-
Wcn=
I>iteratiu'e,
in
6.
iiM"^ ^# P5 Fa* Kuo^ Wen=^ Hsueh^
French Literature,
7JP P"] Tc= Kuo^ Wen- llsiJeh^
Jf.
in
German
^^
Liteiature
[
221
Mm^,
(^ourse
McnS Course
i^^ X
8.
^M"^^
9.
Course
^ ^ ^^
588.
Medicine
1.
Jill' P^'n'
PI
3.
i-
^^
^ !^
P^J
I^ Hsiieh'^ Men-',
PI ^110^ Hsiieli^
^M^ ^^
Men', Course
P']
Suan*
Hsiieh''
in
in
Jf^
it
PI
^^
illi
590.
^^
/f4
i!!i
Agriculture
Depart-
fj ffi
PI Tung^ Chih'
and
Zoology, and
Botany
6-
Pharmaceutics.
in
^^
Astronomy,
^^ ^ PT Hsing' Hsiieh* Men'^, Course
Wu^
Li'
Course
HsfJeh^
Men^,
Physics,
^
^ PI
5-
iu
Hsiieh^ Men*,
K'o'
I^
Wen^
589.
1.
I^uo^
.Japanese Literature.
in
il!l
l!!i
PI ^^'
:^
^
S
PI Nung^
ft;
Wu^
^'^ili"
Hsiieh^,
Department of
-^ PI ^"iing^
I^
in
4.
^
g)(
^\
['f]
^^
Shou^
in
Forestry, and
in
Veterinary
Siu'gery.
59L
X^^^^^
Kuui;^
K'o'
Ta'
llsiielr.
Polytechnic
"/t:X^
in
I>ngini'<;ritig,
in
TP^J
Wi
Machine Designing,
-
^-
iili=
jS fj
P'l
^'''''
'^'a"*
^'''^'*
''^'""n'
Ch'uaii''
Shiphuilding,
[
l.-i
588
21^5
I'-^ii*'!"'
Hsiieh'
^I<'-'*.
Men',
<-'<'"i'8e
Course
in
^q^
592
to
4.
^ ^ ^ P^
5_
Tsao*
PI
Hsiieh=^
Ch'i*
Pingi
]\Ien',
Arms Manufacture,
Course in
592a
^ t^ ^
it
Tieii^
Course
Mcn^
Hsiieli^
Cli'i^
in
Electricity,
M K1
fb
in Industrial
Course
M'^^
7.
Ying^
P']
Hsiieh'
Hua'^
Yuug"^
INlCn^
Chemistry,
Chien*
?^
Clui^
Course
Men^
Hsiieli*
in
Building.
8.
sives,
^1
y\C
Huo" Yao*
P'3
Hsiieli^
Mnr,
Course in Explo-
and
U m R7^^^ PI
9.
Hsiieh^
Men^
592.
Course
i^ f4
Department
i^:,
oi:
study
J^i
2-
&MM^?H
3.
13 ^t
^ pg
Hsiieh'^
I^""g'
M tl
1-
^J^''ii-
in
Pao^
i^ ii
PI Yin- Hang^ Chi^
in
^len^, Course
Banjcing and Insurance,
Hsien^
Kuan'
Shui^
Men^
Hsiieh^
Course
in
Customs Administration.
o92a.
this
Department
came
existence
into
at
the University in
December,
Autumn
1904,
Departments
were enrolled
in the various
of the University.
April,
Department
of
the
Peking
[
^[}j
Pei*
~X
ilm
f^
K'o\ Preparatory
(Metropolitan)
226-
^ ^ 5i
Universitj
be
pi:i:sKXT
reorganized as the j^
^^^
i^
^jfj
Kao' Teng^
Sliili^
Ching.^
Hsiielr T'aiig^,
mm^
^q
^ Vu>
at
University
of
in
December,
Normal Schools
190-4, Avith a
of the
programme
the
similai' to that
t:>20).
This Department
is later to be removed from University control and reorganized
Senior Grade (see Nos. 018
as a Normal School of the
to 620).
The
593.
(see
lie is directh' in
"
various Depai'tments
in
the Eector
Deans
charge of the
(.sr^
is
University
all,
of the
there
being
eight Department).
one
636),
No.
(see
and
641)
Dormitories.
'Ihe
Preceptor
637) and
is
Assistant
directly in
charge of Professors
Professors {see
No.
63S)
the
(see
Xt.
Steward
controls Secretaries (see No. 042), the Accountants (see No. 643)
supervises
(see
Proctors
No. 044)
No.
(see
040),
Assistant
No. 648).
In addition to the officials mentioned above, the Kector
(/l
1%
who
below
the.])ositions given
<^'^''l''
^^^*
'^'''''^"'
is
are deputed to
^'^''"J?'
'' J^'"^"'
'Ji
6C
B.
'^'11
*&
"^'''C"'
Wen'
Kuan',
iTl/j
^^
151
VS.
'& '*'""P'
^^i*' ^'"^"*
592b
^^3
503a
to
M'MMMM
4.
H ^ It M 51
5.
593c
Kuan^
Librarian, and
S^
6.
ifS
Jl
'b'
I'
of the Hospital.
^ I^ ^
593a.
the presidency of
under
8o^ University Coiuicil
the Rector (see No. 633).
This meets for the
Hui"*
I"*
Deans
the
Professors
{see
No.
634), the
(see
{see
Preceptor
No.
lit
1.
its
636),
(see
and
the
No. 638)
membership.
^ ^ # fi
JS^
Hui^
I* So',
Department Councils
it
1.
degree
oi)gQ>^^
first
IvJ-
as
Academy
to join the
fi^
Pien^ Hsiu^
expected
Academy
they be unwilling to join, they
receive
appointments
the
in
provinces.
The reward
tlie
Academy
to
of Sciences as
f^ JH Hsiu^ Chuan*
first class is
graduating.
{see
No. 200a),
will
the degree of
^ Q^ ^
Chin* Shih^
[
228
Clx'ii^
ShOn*
(see
Nos..
629c and
-S^.
the
in
enrolletl
it
"
are
631),
National
desir-?
the provinces.
in
to join
they not
as
Academy
^^
{see
No.
and
292),
are
called
the
to join
upon
of
Academy
in cases of
fg]
ii
ili
Nos.
(see
study.
ratings,
and
629c
aiKi
he
to
unwilling
as ^0
No. 856).
5.
Those who
receive a
list
^ Chih^
lisien* (see
of their examination
ii
Il-iieh* Yihui^j,
institution
is
P5c ^1''""^-'
Academy
intended
of Sciences (comj)are
fni-
The
At
th(i
Academy
of
^'''="'' (=ii^^
-J*''
those
wish
who
f(t
:^^
^^ P^
No. 574)
com|)lete the
'^'^'
this
Uiiivi-rsity
perfect themselves in
their
Sciences there
is
no fixed course
(of the
University)
confonning
to
when approved by
59310,
is
University)
ubmittc<l
is
called
upon
the Departinent
through
the
to
<
)u
nntler
<if
the guidance
the I)e|)artment
eonipletion of their
proj)are
thesis which,
f'ouneil concerned
K'-ctor of
(see
^o.
594
59b
Students at the
sent
to
to
Emperor and
tlic
Academy
various
pay no
of Sciences
UniversitA' Conncil
of the
Government
tiie
by
places
fees
and may,
Ko. o93a),
{see
for
stvidying-
At
those
all
who
who
for examination.
The Kector
the head of
its aflfiU)-s
fJ:
Deans
is
at
various Departments of
of the
Hsiieh^
Peking
sii])j)iementing of the
^^ii!'
i'^'
established at the
])resent
of Sciences
a])pertains to the
Academy
tlie
Kuan^
Univeraity.
(^reti-o])olitan)
is
not fiiiictioning as
education of
otificials
is
its
now
At
work
the
the
cai'rled
on
Completion of the
Officials carried with
1.
Those
it
who
course
1^ Ak
glj l^*}
tliey
and according
^'^"'^
the
College
for
the
witii
graduated
of
^f
studv
of
fiist
and second
were
recommended
Avith
the
third
rating
were
Thos(>
2^0
that
they
had attended
promotion
4.
received
rank
in
(jj\]
|5
^"''i^^^
Tliose
who graduated
of
list
o'J5\.
the
their
I'
Chi^).
with
the
marks
examination
It Shih*
provinces);
Hsiieh'^
No.
compare
same object
merely
rating
(^
^"
!SJ
as Avere the
|l
K'o' Li'
|'y
For
595 n.
up
1903
in
Course
Accelerated
K'o',
^^ |^ t^ K'o'
Jvl f-f
of
No.
Shih*
Study
for
51)7.\.
596.
Oraduates
fh^iM
concerning
jiarticulars
supplementai-y
is
degree
literary
the
i^
competitions
education
62H
Nos.
(see
The course
629c ).
and
oi
age
(ii'siduates
may
or
or,
5jl
ij^
w'lK'U
the local fh
(j'jV
K-()i
these
l,i'
ft
Kuan^
ai'c
appointments
r('(|ucst
(see
abolished,
of
study
Attendance
Colleges
No. 595a)
foi-
oi'
Officials,
Caw
and
economy,
geography,
international
the
College
lau,
[
for
Metropolitan
))edagogy,
strategy,
231
595a
^q
fifth
K-a..^ Shi!,'
(in
juiisjtrudence,
engineering,
political
commerce
Koa
597
and
to
and
97a
natural
Optional
science.
languages
Japanese
and
include
subjects
literature,
European
and
mathematics
callisthenics.
At
head of
the
tlie
Graduates
there
is
D'lrector
him,
{see
No.
The Preceptor
Professors {see
to
in
is
The
the
StCAvard
Accountant
is
{see
in
No. 644).
Under
the
Proctors
^-
providing
595a).
These
^ it
K'o-*
officials
Li^
Kuan^
Colleges
institutions are
for
Officials,
compare No.
and Administration
{see
Law
597a.
5 ,^ f\ Shih^ Hsiieh^ Su^ Ch'eng^ K'o\
fi:
Accelerated Course of Study for Officials this was instituted,
as proposed in a Memorial from the President of the Ministry
of Education (sanctioned by the
Emperor on the 3rd August,
;
.|li
:>32
OKGAMZATION OF CHINA.
598
PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS.
X ^$^
598.
From
be arranged
1.
in the foUoAving
W MWi ^ M
gronps
"^
^/f
Professional Schools
may
Yeh^
i^''il''
Chiao*
Yiian'
MH^^
^'"i>i^'
Agricultural
M^^
3.
Kung^ Yeh^ Hsiieh^ T'a^g^ Schools of
Trades and llandicnifts (sec Nos. 604 to 608),
-*
Schools
0.
Marine
\^^^ ^
(see
MWi^^ Shang'
("h'uan^ Hsiich^
T'ang^ Mercantile
Scliools {see
Depending
courses
T'aiii.'^",
i^^]^^-^?[i:
Scliools, see
2.
T'ang'',
'!
T'atig'^
Lower
^^^
1^
Middh;
i^^J
Yeh^
Hsiieh^
the grade of
Higher
Shih' Yeh<
Hsiieh'
Shih^
Tcng^
S<'hools (of
study.
K:io'
Professional
Iliglii r
of
Chung^
Tcng='
Professional
Scihools
580
and
'n'
to 582),
^ ^^
^''^"'
'V^
(of
^'''''''
'l^'"'"^^'
Professional
gnide of Middle
the
"'<'''*
grade of
nsiich'
Primary
Hsuch''
'j:kM\\'V}^iWV:?^
T'atjg-',
.Schools
Professional
of
''
No. 599), and
^ii ^^of Crafts (see No. 605), may be
(sec
"'''
'^''''''
'}\''i
25J8
'*"'
:i'id
(ieneral Kducation
establis.hed
J
at
Schools
Primary and
IMIESENT
Middle
being
Schools,
however, below
considered,
these
as
S ^ 1^ M it W
Shih'
B^r
may
be considered us equal
618
to 620).
in
(see
Nos.
it
the
first
rating
may
join
Higher
to their rating,
No. o82a).
to attend
fM
857).
continued
study
principal ratings,
document
School.
and be unwilling
certifying
to
attendance
fail
fifth
at
Middle
Professional
list
On
who complete
those
the
course
of
study of Higher
Professional Schools the following ])rivileges are conferred
Students who attain one of the three senior ratings are
:
eligible
for
teaching
and
adminlstrati> e
posts
at
Middle
tlu; degree of
/\ Chil^ Jen" (see
Nos. 629iJ and 631) and are enrolled as preferential candidates,
'n
55),
(see
-^U 5^.
'/"f'!
Chlh^
No. 855a).
Those who
continued study
attain
the
fourth
^^^
rating
[g]
are
'hou^
No.
Chou^ T'ung'^
detaln.ed
(.9/?c
for
the three
PKESKNT DAY
OUG AN'
roI.lIICAI,
ZA
I' I
OX OF
C:il.VA.
598
senior ratings,
become
and
adminisitrative
for
eligible
at
i>usts
^q
Higher
599
Professional ISchools.
Those who
their
li:?t
of
examination marks.
The administration
of Professional ^Schools
is
entirely similar
to that of
(
the fifth
attain
srr
'M^^^l
-^^i
.-398a.
^'^''i'
<-^''"i^^'
^'^'''
'"^''i^''
nsfielr^
Xo. 4G4j.
sec
59815.
Yeh^
>hih^
H^iieh-
this
T^i;^ ^ i: ^ ^ ^
598c.
School
(.<cr
Shanghai
'J''ang-.
under
is
Higher
tin;
'^
'^5>-
'r-un<''
conijiletcd
(see
the i-onrse of a
Tlw
No. 577).
Course
K'-o'.
(i'
of
Schools
T'anir",
ai'e
I'Murntion
^^ y:
'V-M^'l
1^'\
'^'"'n''
Nuii!,'-^
^' -''''
Vh'
''^*"''
Il>i-'
Mud
1'-..^
(ienerid
Kn',
is
Course
'"^hih"'
irade
^'.h*
I<^'.
Agiiculture,
least,
;it
unior
^^
Th.- hitter
.1
i'"ir' T'ung'
jg
Chini-r lileraliui',
^"jf
(etlii<->,
1.
Veh' INr
Pi()t'e>sional
:it
instruction
(iciicral
'"I'i''^
iS ^^'V-:
'1?
r.ducatiun.
:tt
^^
3^:
Hsuch-
'\\i]^^
600
to
Yeh'',
Shangi
duration
^^^^
602
course
the
of
the
of
determination
to
subjects
of
as
well
as
stud}-,
be taught
these
in
the
schools,
g^^^
600.
Nung2
Yeh*
Hsiieh^
T'ang^ (also
Hsueh2 T'ang-), Agricultural Schools.
In Peking- these schools are under the joiijt control of the
and of Agriculture, Industry and
Ministries of- Education
jRf#^^
Nung* Wu^
Commerce (Department
of Agriculture
see
to 839b).
U ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ Ch'ui Teng*
601.
T'ang^,
The
No. 577).
The
and
^I]-
The
latter
Yeh^*
K*oS Course
K'o',
Course
Course
in
sub-divided into
and
2.
Agricultm-e,
3.
Sericulture,
in Forestry,
Shilr
^j-
is
in
Course
^^f
and
callisthenics),
Course.
instruction given
General
of
T'ung^ K'o\
science
Chinese
natural
(ethics,
literature, mathematics,
^- jg
Education
P'u^
4,
^f
Veterinary Surgery.
602.
rl^ ^r
M^^^
^^
f'j-
Hsi^
:
K'o\ Practical
M ^ f^
1.
fE^^Pi
^f^^l*
L"i"
Shou"* I^
Nung*
Ts'an^ Yeh"
Yeh*
K'o^,
K'o', Course in
No. 577a).
The
fi{-
K'o^,
Grade
Specializing Section.
[
23G
The
(optional).
M 1^ ^^
MM
Yell'
^'^'''
'^'^;'>''
f'l-
Lin'
Nung'
1.
Course
K'o',-
in
Forestry,
4.
ifv
courses
3.
Shou^
^'i-
Should
the
loi-al
demand
conditions
may be
Specializing Section
the course of
it,
shortened
f^'l*
study at
two
to
T^
M^
603
^^
/fyf;
in
2.
^Vgriculture,
^^
602*.
languages
fi\
('ourse in Sericulture,
I'^'^^S
K'o', Course in
Yeii^
f<)rei<>-n
or
years
602a.
of
71^
Marine
maritime
^ I^
j^
Industries
Shui^'
Ch'an' Hsiielr
from
Memorials
the
recommend rd
Avas
of
^lini>try
Agricultuie,
At
1910).
^^
^f>3.
type of school
jiresent this
course
of
Middle Schools
inchides
study
<;ourse of
l'J(M)
{ser
and
Industiy
2.')rd
Jauuaiy,
foimd only
at
^j^
study) at the
one
{see
year
Xos. .ISO
at
the
to
llsiieh'
who ha\e
to studentoj)eTi
The
.>82).
Yii'
]^r %^\
K'o',
ai;(l
Preparatory Section,
tlie
in
all
graduated from
in
:u:d
fl
is
Schools
IIsiao\
establishment of these,
the
;$:
f'|-
lln
ren^
At the Preparatory
with M) hour- of instruction weekly.
Section there are tau<;ht ethics, ("hinese literafurc und foreign
languages (TiUgli^h
Course),
mathematics,
<lrawing and
2.
Agriculture,
;}.
g|r
\'etcrinary
Pg
1.
i^,
f^t,
bolauy,
zoology,
The
<allistheni<'s.
of three Courses
and
:iuil
>"'
^[
^'\
|."1
!$
physio,
Specializing Section
;f?|-
Nung*
lls'ich'
Hsiich'
I'
K'o',
in
5:57
in
Forestry,
Coiuse
made up
Ko', Coui-se
Shou*
(rhemistry,
i-
ip
al-o
in
603a
4.Q
7|C
X $1
Defences).'
003 A.
605
T'u^
:Shi*
U^ M ^^
I^i^o^
Wood
and Earth
of Agricultiu'c,
imder the
No. 463).
B.
Scliools
X li ^ E
604.
the
Kung^ Yeh*
Ilsiielr
T'ang^, Schools of
.
Ministries
of
Education and
of
at
Agriculture,
Education
{see
{see
Nos. 839
to 839R).
605.
ti
^^
I*
"Primary
(.sf?^
course of
No. 577).
These
of.
the Senior grade and the course co\ers, at most, four years,
Instruction is supplied in two courses
least, six months.
at
Primary Schools
of tlie
^ jI ^ P'u3 T'ung
Education
1.
(ethics,
X^
Crafts.
these
the
enrollment
of
bv
tlie
Schools
of
were submitted
('i-afts
Ministry of
Crafts
Commerce.
(to
be
equal
Bv
in
see
2^.8
tlie
^^fJf Wan'
(JhTuui^
JMtESEN'T
CIIIXA.
science,
Chinese
literature,
latter
metal
aie
jg
T'ung^
jiff
Ilsiu',
General, or
I^^ f^^
chemistry,
singing
charactc"
wood
v.orking,
drawing,
history,
and
callisthenics,
writuig
under the
Avorking,
lacquering,
potteiy and manufacture of articles used in writing.
By a Memorial from the Ministry of Agriculture,
dveiii"-,
Industry
AiiL.ni>t.
lyOU),
Schools
Crafts were
of
reorganized as
f\*^M"^XM'9^.'M
605a.
ffMWiM^'h}:
<'lnn^'
'^^liil''
1'
Commerce
(.<;<r
606.
"''"' 'l''*'",u'
la 1^
Kungi Yeh^ Hsiieh^
^'i!:
it
Ian iierafls.
These have
T'ang", Lower Schools of Trades and
been established in aceoidance willi a -Memorial from (he
*
of
Ministry
Ivleeafion
3rd tTanuary,
UO'J,
f(jr
sanctioned
those
by
the
I'lmperor
on
.'377):
course
instruction
of
study
as
arrang.d
Kdneation
?<?
i|fi
(i-thic^,
covering
/f.=[
I'mi'
'Iiin(.'8(.'
three
T'img'
'1
2:v.)
witli
a
is
of
(Icncrai
physics
<'oin-se
he
mathematics,
Ks.',
literatmo,
Acars.
tln'
the course
^J
if^
Shih* lUi*
605a
i^
607
^Q
fl08
mining,
electricity,
building,
('ourse
K'o^, Practical
dyeing,
lacquering,
pottery,
f\i
^XM^^
T'ang', Middle
those
Schools of
at
years
^
^
Section
Preparatory
draAving and
of
The
5.
tJC
given
geograph};,
in
history,
3.
4.
X f4
^
the
ethics,
Chinese
natural
science,
optional),
30
Courses
Study: 1.
Earth Defences,
Working,
is
At
Specializing Section.
instruction
mathematics,
literature,
building,
Pen^ K'o\
^Jf
in
T'u^*
2.
f-l"
in
Chin'^
in
K'o',
%^
^^"^
^Jj.
Kung^
K'o',
Course
Wood Working,
in
fi^
fjf Kung^' Yeh< K'o', Course in Mining, 7.
f^
fif
Jan^ Chih' K'o', Course in Dyeing, 8.
Yao"^ Yeh* K'o',
fif
6.
^H
Course
in
Pottery,
9.
instruction
^X
5F-4
^^^^'^^
Kung^
K'o', Com-se in
im
weekly at
the
Specializing
Section,
excluding
])ractical exercises.
608.
^^X^'^1:
completed the course of ^Middle Schools {see Nos. 580 to 582) are
eligible for enrollment in this type of school.
Education (ethics,
mathematics,
physics,
chemistry,
applied
2-to
affectino;
and
is
llf
divided
into
courses:
i;]
1.
P^; ffl f L
'^
>f4
Jan^
KV,
Sc*
Course
in
in
Mm.
7.
it
1]^
^ ^4
gl?
^'\
Tf;
Course
in
Course
in
Course
in
11.
Minin.o-,
C.
Ctniiiiirrridl
^^'"-
Schf)ols.
in
i^
13
Kun-'^
Itl^i
Course
Course
|^ fS
Yeh'
<'|,';,n-
^''''''
^4
'"^"".H"'
^'l'
K'o',
^3
''^^'O
ami Drawinn-.
Survcyinf;;'
:
see
No.
4G.3)
at the
^'1'*-
K'o',
Commerce
'i'aotai {see
in
in
K'o',
^'"''^
in
I'ilectrit'ity,
K'o',
Nos. 839 to
^h
',$
n'ti
8.")l)i;)
^^
<
?I':
in
and
Ca])ital
and
H27)
llie
Depai-lof
the
ln(lii-tri;d
the ])rovinces.
^''"'
instruction
literature,
<f
weekly.
three
oi
Instruction
mathematics, geography,
is
\cais and
pi\en
in
'M)
h(urs
ethics, Chinese
look-keei)injj, ditlerentiatio!)
r*ommcrco.
611.
r|t
ifij
;|^
f*i
'i;;.;
10
2n
^q
q..
^}\
f\ Clii'
^^ Chicn'
<''>"i-.^e
in
l^'o'.
'^'''^^'
${
)il5
13.
Schools
^ f4
^iJ^
12.
and
5f;|
Mu''
Vcli' K'o',
^^'<>'.
ll-'^'i*^'!!'
T'u^
10.
jg
Shijihuilding,
Lac4uerin^-,
'^f":^'
<-'''''
J.
^fij-
<^'l''''
<^'li'
f'l'
'^%
Yao"
'^^'P"'
Electro-Cheuiistrv,
Wood
i^
4.
^^
5.
fj^
f^
;|f;|
Maehiuerv,
Construction,
0.
Pottciy,
Machinery,
^-
in
2.
/>.
J)yein-,
Viini;*
i".ii'
609
612
years at the 7^
former 30
Yii*
jfjj.
jfJ{-
hours of
K'o^ Preparatory
literature,
At
the
instruction
Chinese
mathematics,
is
given in ethics,
-^ j
fjf
is
made up
of
two Courses of
^^
Shih^
^J[
Hsi^
Course
Practical
K'o',
(commercial
of
laws
the
of
trade
and
finance
the
commercial
code,
M^'^M^^.
612.
The
Hsueh*
Yeh'^
^^
Section.
weekly.
At
commerce,
keeping,
commercial
industrial
is
correspondence,
cheraistr}^,
instruction in ethics of
mathematics,
foreign languages,
book-
callisthenics,
etc.
At
is
instruction in ethics of
commercial
commerce,
correspondence, commercial arithmetic,
commercial geography, history of trade, book-keeping, differentiation
of
merchandise,
financial
law,
statistics,
civil
code,
commerce,
callisthenics, etc.
[
242
D.
613.
613
^Marine
Mercantile
Capital
)^5
it^J
5^:
T'ang^,
the
at
^J^?i^*^^l:
Ch'u'
Grade
hours
arc
instruction
of
30
The
No. 577).
(see
given
The
weekly.
instruction
Course
Hai^
is
in
1.
K'o\
Hang'
|;t T^ f4
Lun^
Course in Marine
Chi'
and
2.
K'o',
|,^ jfif
Navigation,
in ethics, Chinese
instruction
includes
former
The
Engineering.
as:
an-anged
of
mathematics,
principles
geography, general
of
and
the
cargo hy watei', callisthenics,
transport
navigation
the latter comprises ethics, Chinese literature, mathematics,
etc.
literature,
general
physics,
chemistry,
])ractical
machine drawing,
615.
Hsiieh-
fjl
T'ang^
i]^*
IS
the
J^
/4C
Yii'
f'f
The
Sj-eciali/ing
to
I'en^ K'o',
Ch'uan-
Shang'
the course of
ChuugV Teng^
Mercantile
those
engineering,
callisthenics, etc.
^ ?S
Middle
marine
of
principles
Section;
three years at
:iiiil
there arc
hours
.">()
The Preparatory
Ciiinese
literature,
Section
mathematics,
The
Hung'
Liui-
dm wing
Specializing Section
KV,
Course
furnishes
in
geography,
and <-allisthenics.
is sMl-ili\
idcd
int<i
Marine Engineering.
[
-^4a
2.
1.
^t^
As
ethics,
nut urn!
historv,
Navigation, and
in
in
instruction
%\i
\^^^
V^i'
V\
i'l^
J^
'^\
<''''
V\
tO
/,-c
616
to
Q-^,^
mathematics, physics,
languages and
K'o^
chemistry,
eallisthentics.
g^
mercantile
is
in
given
In the Course
1.
Also, as
j\Iu*,
drawing, foreign
Shili^ Hsi*
f^j- g
geograph}',
marine,
in
mechanics,
^ ^^
-^
'4
those
and of
Course
f?}-
Hang^ Hai^
of five
literature,
K'o',
fij-
i^i^
Naviga-
the
making up
subjects
Chinese
is
Marine Engineering
in
The
ethics,
five
foreign
languages
(English
is
optional),
commercial geography,
physics,
general
chemistry,
principles
commercial
of
law,
commercial
law,
mechanics
The Course
in
in ^Marine
Chinese
ethics,
literature,
foreign
languages
(as
al)ove),
etc.
may
be
jjlj
f3|-
Pieh"^
K?o\ Special
Courses
with
shortened
programme.
2.
3^^
iJT'j.
for providing
244
^-
who
those
wish to
i?p
Cluuin^
f-4
Kung^ K'o\
Specializing Courses
617a
for
^q
Ai7a
at
At Higher
617a.
established
Schools
Professional
there
be
may
^Jj
I'J-
iS
Hsiian'
f-4
some
in
K'o\
speciality,
Courses
Selected
for
selected
^ ^ 1^ M il ^
Iff
^^"h'^
Chiang=^
No. 620),
-I-
^^^
^K
It 1^ ^'
ii
?^'
^^
G17h.
The
sional Schof)ls
1-
-^
tural
^^^ffiW^'h'l
r< i^
K'liig^
^^
may
Hsi2
and
P'u'
General
be considered as Profes-
Wii'
Hsiieh'-^
rfr
No. 770c),
^i^^
Agric'iiiture and
I.
Professional
of
following schools
Pu'
Sciiodl.-, (.srr
3.
Yeh*
''^hilr
"t^
Hsiich- T'ang',
l.in'
Nwng-^
Schools
o)
I'\ti'estry,
^#^:!JS
Lin''
Srii'
Hsiich-
T'ang',
Schools
of
Foreslry, and
->
f-7
p1 Vx
of Sericulture (in
'l'--^"''-'
Chekiang
Veh* Chiang'
reorganized,
-'4-.
in
llsi'^
So\ Schools
Mccordaiu-.'
with
618
909,
and
Industry
Commerce during
the
Emperor on
the
by
(sanctioned
the
schools,
following
which come
In 1909:
MM'M'^M
Sericulture, and
tii
It
Tea Growing.
In 1910
So^ Schools
of
'
^ ^r
Wu*
Ch'a^
M M^^'M. ^^ung'
ture and Forestry
In 1911
I-in' Hsiielr
T'ang^ Schools
of Agricul-
{see above).
?I i% W^
{see above).
In 1912
^^
i^ :?}- g
Nug.2 shih^ Pan^ Jih* Hsueh^ T'ang^,
Agricultural Schools Avith half -day sessions (compare No. 579).
In 1913
m ^
^fJ
^ Shou"
I' Hsiieh'^
Surgery.
In 1914:
^'ii^^'M.
Normal
618.
^lei'
Schools
HlfJla'-^'^ Sliili'
(Pedagogic
Institutes).
These schools
^}
MM
111
P^
24G
-'
iM:
&1J
i\L^^ Yu^
%^^^%'%W\
i-
T'ang'-i,
^liih'
No. 620).
6 ISA.
i:]5
HilJ
lii
T'ang-,
Primary Schools
of
^^'
the Jnnior
The
full
i^sce
Schools at
principal towns of
At
present they
instruction
is
ChMian^
Chien'
I* K'o',
Hsiieh'
to
t!ie
be compulsory.
The
provincial- capitals.
\Van=
of
at
all
i.e.
^^^
f4
f-^
f^
Abridged Course. Also, in the principal towns
Departments and Districts there have been instituted ^i]j IjV %,
Shih' Fan* (^h'iian' Hsi^ So*, Normal Institutes, at which
^^
who
scholars
Lower Normal
Til
have
Abridged Course
the
oC
the
addition
instituted at
completed
to
the
above-mentioned,
(/(^
have
there
f4
been
instruction for
Preparatory Section, for providing jjreliminary
those who desire \a) join Normal Schools, and /\s
jj^ ^^ f-J
|i||j
Courses
Hsi^
for
mentioned above.
of
on
ethics, reading and conuninting
geogrr.]>liy,
in.ludcs
he Classics,
mathematics,
618a
and
callisthenics
foreign languages,
in
ethics,,
of
^^\\o
Schools
Primar}'
At
these
schools
of
the
there
are
Assistant
637),
No.
Subordinated to him
No. 635).
(sec
are
No.
(see
638)
(see
No.
Proctors
{see
Teachers
and
6-i6).
ij>
i^ 1^
'g-
School Inspector,
who
controls the
Kuan\ Primary
Shih^
^ Ws M.
d"*
Wu^
Yiian^,
Steward
(see
it
eligible
for
of various types
rank
(;[;n
/;
Oj
fJ
places
the
the post of
Those
The
f^
||{ Cniiao''
carries
first
Primary Schools
in
^jp
|^
^ ;^ ^
list
list
of
the
it
Shih^
sixth
second
of preferential candidates
graduate on the
pjlj
of
Shu*
appointment as teachers
and receive the degree of
J^, fjj
No. 641).
Hsiao^ Hsiieh'^
248
^M^
"ii liJ
IS
^tji
Normal School.
.^ Vu'
Chi-
tShih^
Fan^
Hsiieh'
for
(see Nos.
580
The course
to oS'2).
of
drawn from
are
Nomtal Schools
580 to 582).
{sec
During
origin of tKe
ethics, thu
literature,
From
the
first
tlie
made up
Specializing Courses,
1.
Chinese
2.
Geography and
.3.
4.
Classics,
literatui-c
of
fi[
Lei'
Ft-n'
K'o',
history,
(i(?neral suljjects
essence of the
<
in all
taught
pedagogy, psychology
'lassies,
;iii<l
callisthenics.
siiould
who
Chia^
llir
/;[J fj >f'[
Hsi- K'o', Suj)pli'incntary Coiu'se, which cxlc!id~ one year and
call- f(r
presentation of
fill-
Tliert:
are
K'o', Special
(
)n
later
Cou)-.>3es,
coinpIetioM
to
;i
he
and \^
of
ilic
tli(!sis
instit
1^^
on
iit(.'(i
its
eoinpiet ion.
V/
<
fii'f
:f
"I
hnan'
coiiise
ol
:
Iligliei'
Nornuil
Hsiu'
t'ourses.
Schools
618b
of
Those who graduate with the first rating receive the degree
i^l^ili^ Fan* K'oi
Chii^ Jen^, are eligible for
$Kl lii ^4 1^
rank
(|fn
fiJ
<^^liia^
Wu^
P'in^ Hsien^).
HA
on graduation are
K'qI Chu^
Shih^ Fan*
|| fg f^
Jen' {see above), are eligible for teaching posts as mentioned
above and become preferential candidates for the post of ifl
^j[
r|t
Those
degree of
|ij}
v.'ho
a'l'^duate
%l
^\
-^^
with
(sec
the" third
No. 137a).
ratin"'
recei\'e
the
Wu*
Ssu^
receive a
(sec
diploma,
are
j^ost of
fij f^
Those who attain the fourth rating
No. 296).
eligible
for
employment
as
Assistant
^A
ffl
^:| f\>
document
and arc
certif^'ing
eligible for
At Higher Normal
Schools
Nos.
580
1.
Middle
582), and 2.
Primary Schools of
the Jimior and Senior Grades {see Nos. 577 and 577a).
Also,
(sec
JP 14
to
there
may
Hsueh^
{see
250
be established
1.
:^
>J
of
^^
^^
of
Hsiao'
H^iieli'
The
Wu*
estal)lishnicnt
Kuan',
Pedagogic
^q
^ "^
15
Musemn,
is
o a
^ |^
Chiao*
obligatory
Po'
Yii^
at
Higher
Normal Schools.
The
Administi-ation of
is
similar
that
to
41
t/jf
^ I*
Pan*
^h
Shih*
fi 14
Primary School.
6 1 8c.
'g'
Hsiao' Hsiieh^
fl ^
Selected
^?
of
the Primary School, and
HsOelr Chiao* Yuan^ Teachers of the
Hsiao'
K'o':
^^
/]>
Director
Kuan',
PiTj
^1-
Fair
Asiian'
instituted
in
accordance
than two years at Middle Schools (see Nos. 580 to 582), and
are intended to prc})are teachers for Lower Nonnal School?
less
No. 618a) and Middle Schools (sec Nos. 580 to 582). The
course includes one year at the J^ ^^\ Yii* K'o', Preparatory
Section, and two years at the '/^ y^^ Pcn^ K'u', Specializing
(.srr
Section.
619.
v^c
-f
HlH
id
accordance
Education
1907), at
As
first
with
i^J^
the
1'^"'
'^'i'^
'"^''i'''
^^a"'
HBtich'^
regulations
sanctioned by the
drawn
uj)
by
the
Ministry
(in
of
cities.
[
6l8o
201
a-i
619a
over
15
of
years
Primary Schools.
natural
and
science,
drawing,
sewing,
handiwork, music,
singing
callisthenics.
For
girls
gfj
f^
fij-
in their education,
there
may
is
the establishment
of
students of the
At
the head of a
Chien^ Tu\
Chiao*
Mistress.
Teachers,
Hsi',
as teachers.
is
are
%^
g|j
Fu*
the
/>
^^^^
Inspectress
Meng-
of
tlu-
Primary School,
Yiian'
Yang^
Hsiieh^
Hsiao^'
Yiian*
T'ang^
Chang%
^ ^ f%
and the
Chang^
^ "^
^^
Hsi^ Assistant
Chiao''
Ins})ectress
P;^
of
^
the
Elementary School.
To the staff of Female Normal Schools there ma^- be added
a
Shlhi
Fan*
(sec
-^^m-A^Ui^^^
Ifsiieh^
Noi-mal School
T'ang^
No. 578).
Peking
Chingi
Shihi
(Metropolitan)
252
Nil'
TzAi^
Female
Memorial from,
f^
%^ Chieii' P K'o',
of
was
Convse
the
course covering
Study,
sujiplied,
Abridgod
Wantwo years. Later the
Ch'iian'
K'o^, Complete
f-j'
4th
At
1908).
July,
first
only
^^
Course of Study,
Ilsi- So-*,
Chiang'
Avas instituted,
g ^ f^ ^ ^ ^
620.
Yeh
Shih-^
P/r
Chiao^
Yiian^
various
Crafts
(srr
No.
No.
[see
Professional
of
to
Schools
(see
They
605).
598),
No. 599)
ar.d
established
are
at the
Schools
of
Schools
the
in
Agricultural
Commercial
(srr
(sec
No. 612).
These schools are arranged as:
Nung^
Veil'* C'hiao^
Teachers
Shang^
for
Agricidtural
Yeh*
^^
1.
2.
Schools,
Yiiair
('hiao*
|]^*
Hsi^
hlang^
621.
;
^M
Chiang'^
first
oi-
3.
H si-
1?^
^M
Schools
T,
So'',
for
^k j^
Schools
!*^:
and Handicrafts.
'J'rades
rtiic
vo-.w
^^
for tlic
f,^
fijj
Wan'
jf*j
Ch'iian' K'o",
f'liion' T'
K'o\
'ouisc
S])e(i(il
Schools
Yiian^
(,'ompleto Coiu-se,
Abridged
'hiao'
course of the
latter covers
|j(
So',
Schools
V/
n^
.''2
their c(;urs(s
Clman'
of study
.M'n'-
-^>3
Hsiich'
place these
in
T'ang',
Special
the category of
620
^.q
^q-
M^f^^M.^^'.
1.
621a
Law
of
T'ang^ College
tii)^^M
2.
Law
^iv'*
No. 623),
3.
at
Peking
ra=
{sec
College of
Hsiieli" T'ang-,
Law,
I^
No. 625),
{see
fj^^ ^
5.
Lii'
No. 624),
^ ^ 1^
4.
Peking
^^^
y'^
in
Languages,
Fangi
Q-MM3Cmi%$^^M
Hsiieh^
T'nng^,
Languages
(see
Higher School
No. 627), and
4^
7.
^^
Hsfieh^
Y^^4
Ch'iii
Manchii and
of
T'ang',
Mongolian
of
College
Wi^l^'^M^:^
MH^^^'
Ts'aP
Ch^.ng*
Economy J College, at
the Ministry of Finance {see No.
568),
5-
Ml
College, at
B P i?^
Peking
Wu*
^"^liwi'
directly supervised
Hsiich^
by
directly supervised
No. 522).
Financial
Hsiieh^ T'ang^,
Peking
(Political
[sec
the
by
T'ang-,
Customs
Board
of
Customs
Chou*
Hsiieh=f
T'ang2,
f^lSMi^l:
jNIilitaiy
supervised
School
by the Ministry
T^^v*
for
Clum^
Princes
of
War
{see
25-1
Kuei*
and
Nobles
No. 713),
directly
0.
T'ans:',
JM lU J&
{^i
T'ano-
jI^
Shan'
CTIIXA.
Kuiio-'
].i.<
T'angslian
Kailway and
Hsiioli^
Mining Oolleue at
directly
the
Ministry of Posts and Communications iscc
by
supervised
No. 786),
^'^
".
f&'S
ii
Stenog'*apliy
^-
itl
^"'
directly
HsLiclr
^'lii'
School
T'ang2,
by the National
su[)erviscd
of
Assembly
1908-1910 (sanctioned
the
])y
Emperor on
the
18th April,
In 1!)10
A'
#^
Ts'ii"'
ami IMiilology
in
In 1911
2.
all
I<^'i'
History
M?^^ ^'Sl
Chuan'
Men-
I'
Hsiieh-
T'ang',
Special
In 1911
f^i ir<
M ^^ ik Chuan'
Hsiieh- T-ang-
191 2
VfV^^%
^-}^
^l
l'''''i"'
M^n' Kung'
Y.>h'
llsii.-lr'
T'ang%
1912:
n>i
^i ^-
'l^i
In 191.5
^' ?^
?I'-!
Music, at Peking.
Viij'
Vii.h'
H.siich-
*ang',
tonscrvatory of
21b
822
T'ang^,
loobies
"i;
Collcj>e
il^
^^
Law
oF
Cliciio-^
Ilsiioli^
as
as
well
sons
their
foi-
The
L
years.
Law
instruction
IE f^
Dnring the
first
and
is in
f^
jgr
|f.
is
in ^(^
^^
P'u^
Chien^
j^
,f^
I*
subjects.
At
who
%^
^ ^ T'ing^
the
in
for
is
Government
service
lasting one
of
Manchu and
At
the reciuest of
RWlMM
^^^''^'
"^'^^
Yii*
}-:ink,
are
Lang% Prince
Lang,
College of Law
and Administration for Princes and Nobles, there have been
introduced some changes in the regulations of the College
(sanctioned
the tei-m
years
(/urator of the
of
the
two years
i.e.
of general education
[
25G
I'ft
'^*
Course has
of general education
and administrative)
Lecture
the
one year
education
been
and two
to
and
023
taught
ethics,
Chinetie
literature,
geography,
history,
the
their
in
if
in
Government
the
titles
as
of Clansmen, as well as
well
as
service or enrolled
Children
Government
officials of
the
first
the
for
Regulations
Supplementary
Law
and
At the head
Suljordinated to him
635),
not
fixed
p2
643;,
Xi'
iH 1^
see No. 637),
4.
is
1.
Law
and Administra-
a U^|
Preceptor,
Teachers (number
3.
No. 646), 5.
Accountant (see No.
two
I'roctors
(see
K"a' Secretaries, 6.
Tutor (see No. 640'.
and
H,
Steward,
^''"' ^''"'
7.
623.
T'an'r=,
there are
T'i= Tiao*,
on.'
2.
of the College of
}f{
plIJ
CoUcire
established
in
-m ^X
<>i'
^^''^''
^li ^''''"^''
Law
nnd
^'"""^'*
Administration,
^^''*
at
Hsiuh'
Peking;
of
February,
for a judicial or
lfK)7, for the piu-pose
jjreparing studenth
H\c years ;
eovers
The course of study
administrative career.
of
17
-^>7
622a
the
first
Specializing
I
and
j^ Ya Pi
2.
^^
PI Fa*
Lii*
Men^
Course
At
Course
Men^,
Chill*
Clit:'ng*
found
Administration,
Law.
in
:
in
1.
|j!j
f?j-
Pieh^ K'o',
Course,
Special
of
200 students.
ao-e!-'
f'lere
of
These must be
various
literary
less
Ministries
or
not
degrees
(Bachelor of Arts).
Government
other
higher than
^A
offices,
Chii^
or
Jen''',
possess
Graduate
of the College
who have
The
ethics,
subjects of study at
Chinese literature,
t|ie
and
The Course
callisthenics.
in
Administration of
the
Section provides
in
instruction
Specializing
ethics,
" Institutes
of the Reigning Dynasty," laws of the Ta Ch'ing
Empire, State law, constitutional laAv, administrative law, civil
:
law,
special
international
laAv,
law,
political,
general
international
economy,
financial
law,
law,
The
[
258
Law
ClIIXA.
ethics,
civil
tional
law,
international
special
law,
prison
Law
and Administration, at
him
is
a Director (see
One Preceptor
\.
(see
No. 635).
No. 636),
He
administration,
has subordinated
Teachers (number
(see No. 640), 4.
2.
not fixed
see
^^
Clerks of
officials (see
above).
623a.
Law
of
\iiitJC
'It
and Administracion,
these
Colleges
College of
Law
is
I^''
lisiieh^
Cheng*
in the provinces.
T'angS Colleges of
The
and Administration
is
at
Peking
not uniform in
(see
the
f2j
^j
th<'
^\\
}1
f.'f
J^'\
in
Anhui
No, 623)
all ])rovinces.
course of study
f^J
In
^4 ^
7J>^/f4
the
Chihli
^'
^'^**^'
l*'"u'
K'o",
Cliien^ I* K'o',
I'u^ llsi^ K'o*,
The .nrolhoeut
and
in
Chekiang
it is
200,
in Chihli
120,
(>()).
'he
Ministry of Ivlucalion, dated
and
of
Law
the
directed
that
9tli Marcli, 1907,
provincial CollegeH
Administration introduce
following the example of the Pekuig
Instructions
from the
25')
623a
QOA
Law
College of
^ It ^ ^ f^
and Administration
<-^tiien^
Yii*
stration, as a speciality to
{see
No. 623),
a course of
^ W,M^ P( ^^su^
also 'MHm'MW\ Shen^ P'an* Chiang'
For
623b.
particulars
as
to
Fa*
Hsi*
Chiang' Hsi^ K'oS
instituted
at
on
of
of
Courses
Lectures
LaAv,
So',
Law,.
Colleges
see
No. 758b.
624.
Law,
at
H^
^ ^ ^*
Peking
sanctioned
At
and
is
and a
J^
/jiJJ .^Jj.
half).
Dynasties,
legislation in
now
legislation
in
law,
force,
Ming
history
of
Roman
criminal
by the
T'ang
with
constitutional
law,
commercial
law,
civil
and
At
the
Head
Director
subordinated
{see
635);
Preceptor (5^^ No. 636), 2.
3.
Librarian {see No. 639),
Works
{see
Law
of the Co-llege of
No.
No. 644),
Peking there is a
him are: 1. The
4.
Accountant
8.
at
to
{see
No. 643),
7.
Clerk
2G0
9.
645),
Assistant Inspector
^ ^ Et
62.3.
Peking
582)
for
enrollment
36
Hsiieh'
Kuan^
College of Interpreters, at
hours
200
of
are
instruction
^^^
5.
4.
In
'^
^3f
given
There are
weekly.
to
^''"^
^'
f^
Wen*
Te'
Wen^
E^
^'j
^^
2.
English,
fif
five
^^ "^ ^i[
Fa' Wen''
K'o', Course in
German, and
K'o', Coiu-se in
in
lanauage studv,
^ jM
in
1.
i.e.
'Till'
addition
The
Russian.
men
preparing young
affairs
transacting
is
of
T'ung'
each
is
Hsiieh"-,
the
of
courses
two vears
first
in
history,
i)olitical
the ages of
Students.
They
as regards study
At
Director
uj)
of:
Tu',
(see
1.
of
Xo.
3fiC
nf^
the
FiiM-
lie
is
Xo.
(srr
Director;,
of
College
635).
2.
Jf
Teachers
oi
Wen' Chiao'
in
6.36
Interpreters
P^]
J'liJ
Bi
?^
i-
made
stafi'
'i?
there
Fu*<'hicn'
In.an'
Special SubjeclM, 3.
.Men5'h
2(;i
of
charge!
also
^""'
4.
-^iC
V? iiH
Teachers
of
General
Viian',
Subjects,
Langnag.-s,
Preceptor
A.ssistant
head
the
iMi])cdinu'Uts in s])eech
^''""^''
5.
\\})
H8''el'
<-'''''>'*
Chu* Chiao*,
025
Assistant Teachers,
Fu* Chien^
642), 8.
Works
T\\\
i{J{
Steward
6.
Assistant
Director), 7.
^ 1^ Shou^ Chih^
No. 644),
{see
No. 641
[see
also
Secretary
Kuan', Treasurer,
glj
^^
{see
Assistant
No.
Clerk of
9.
10.
645), 11.
No,
Inspector
Interpreters
^ K ^^
292)at
^^
Chu'
Shih'* {sec
No.
851)
receive the
title
Nei'
Wai Wii Pu
in
r^ r^t
{see
appointed to the provinces for interpreting, or for dealing with
affairs
856).
concerning foreigners, as
staff of interpreters
who
Those who attain the third rating receive the degree of :|^
Chii* ,Jen^ {sec Nos. 629b and 631) and are
appointed, at the
No. 299j
No. 849a).
languages
rating
littain
or,
in
the
provinces, as ji
f'jj
T'ung' P'an
{see
in
They may
Middle Schools.
Those who
attain
the
fourth
longer, they
full
employment
2G2
The
students whO'
fifth
list
of
their
Wen^
This Committee
ary Compilation ; at the College of Interpreters.
is to compile a dictionary for English and Chinese, French and
and
Russian
Chinese,
Chinese,
Each
divisions,
is
to
Chinese,
Language,
Special Expressions.
is
^^
4.
^^
identical
qualified
that
Avith
for
the
of
The
a course
in
years,
Interpretei-s
i.e.
311),
and
for
to
of study
men
Middle
in
is
is
Peking
prepare
teaching
The course
at
arranged
1.
and
of
No.
service
diplomatic
College
also
compare
two sections
!*,
Translator (Interpreter),.
in the provinces.
No. 625
Fan'
m ^^^
yj
Languages,
a |^
Comjiilers, 3.
626.
two
in
Tsuan^,
(see
and
be an-anged
Language Foreign
^H
and
in
and
The Committee
the
German
dictionary
Chinese
i.e.
Foreign Language
2.
Special,
in
with
course
covering
three
years.
The
Special
Course
instruction
suj)plies
in
arithmetic,
of
625^^
tO
^^^
625 A.
receive
rating merely
chemistry,
principle
of
drawing and
arithmetic, the
geography,
natural
liist
history,
philosophy,
the
callisthenics.
2G8
qqq
626a
to
ftnty
given above
is
Languages
those
626a.
Courses
:?^
in
^ ^ ^ Fang^
Foreign Languages
held at
^^
The
Moukden.
These Avere
and expectant
They owe
Fengt'ien province.
Yen'
their
officials of
to
inception
of Manchui-ia,
Hsii'*
^^iM[^
course
day
two
covers
years) and one group attends night sessions (the full
groups
one group
is
taught at
MM^M^ ^
627.
Hsiieh-
languages
A^ersed
in
school
has
Wen^
and
K'o^,
2.
Course,
Yii*
^i\
established in
Course
turn,
jf4
Manchu and
and
Mongolian
^Mongolian
to provide
languages.
men
The
^ ^
1.
^^ Man^ Meng*
j^
Manchu and Mongolian Languages,
Tsang^ Wen^ K'o\ Course in Tibetan. Each
two Courses
in
of
1908, at Peking,
]Manchu
the
f^
K'o',
School
Higher
T'ang'-^,
is
in
made up
Preparatory
of
two sub-divisions
(covering two
Course
1.
31^
^^j-
years)
and
2.
Also, there
degree
not
higher
than
is
^ \ Chii^
Government
Jen",
Graduate
service.
264
As
students
the
at
School
Higher
CrilNA.
Maiichu
of
and
have
MongoHan Languages
accspted persons
completed the course of Middle iSchools (o80 to 582). At
first, as an exception, there -were accepted as students persons
not over 25 years of age who were well versed in Chinese and
there
are
Avho
The
geography, arithmetic,
and
of financial law
economy,
political
criminal law,
statistics,
Ta Ch'ing Dynasty,
and
geography
history of Manchuria,
and
Tibet, callisthenics, etc.
Mongolia
Russian, Ja])anese and
colonization^
He
has
2.
staff
consisting of:
^ '^ fi M
}^ W.
Teacliers
Manchii and
of
Wen-
^fi^^^WtM
^-
Teachers
Yiriii'
Man'
of
1.
5.
f^
635).
636),
Chiao^ Yiian',
'iSC ?jc
US
of
Teachers
Tibetan,
Yiian^,
Mongolian,
1^0' Cliung'
Sciences,
3.
No.
{see
Wen-
Yu'
:\Ieng^
('hiao^
-JC
Wen^
\Vri\'^
Tung' Yang'^
English and Japanese,
Russian,
Preceptor
2s o.
5^
^ HI ^
Cjiiao^
Yiian-,
Steward
6.
JX
fjt
Wen'
l'>
Teacliers
No.
{see
of
o41),
9.
Secretary {see Xo. 642), 8.. Treasurer {see No. 643),
Clerk of Works {see No. 644), 10.
Inspector of Dormitories
7.
No.
(tee
II.
64.3),
627a.
f'f
Ilijjtory
also,
and
No. 621
mendation of
'f
-^. ^}i
i!!l
lliijKh (see
II I.
^?;!:
I'hilologv
Assistant
12.
No. 647).
Cli'ii'
jit
Fu^
Ch'iifu
This College
was
H>iir],-
{see
T'ang% College
No. 621
compare,
;
estaijiishcd
on
llu;
iiji
^): Liang'
No. 830), see I>ecrees
dafccl
the
recom-
Judge
6th and
14th
627a
628
The
Schools {see No. 580), and jhf4 Cheng^ K'o', Specializing Course,,
supplying instruction in the (^llassics, history and literature.
(see
accepted scholars
Middle Schools
(see
Normal Schools
(see
No. 618a).
At
is
l^
the above-mentioned
Chien' Tu^,,
Ministry of
9 10).
and Philology
Hiipeh province under
^^^^
the
title
also
No. 621bJ.
of
many
years in
Ts'un"
(see
was dependent
short time
of
ago upon
the
possession
^ W^
t'^'ao^
Hsiang^
Shih*,
Shih',
triennially, in the
^^
Hui^
degrees (of
Examinations,
Provincial
until a
Graduate or Licentiate
Provincial
Metropolitan Graduate,
with their various gradations).
literar}-
of
three
Examinations
kinds:
(held,
^ g^
I.
as
rule,
266
C)U(; ANIZ AT
.").
|fjj
<
OF CHINA.
)\
jji^
after
the
immediately
Metropolitan
Examination), after which the award of final degrees was made.
in
examinations
celebration
of
Also, there were
special
Kxanuiiation (following-
styled j3^
jjj^
held
meant ''(iradnate").
On
in:
SH
and directing
shown
schools
take
to
iii-t.iicted
the
its
abolition
steps
towards
increasing
the
number
of
the various
competitive examinations as a means of olitaining
iiterai-v degrees.
However, as a special case {arr report of
Connnittee
the
of
1909 and
and
Vii'
present,
Knng' Slang'
a
^-
Lsrc
transitory
the
March,
lOtii
1906)
for
!]
i'i
At
dated
Ministers,
i'[;
Pii"
Kuug' Shcngi
No. G29a).
tlic
period,
light
Schools
cunipletion
(previous to 1909) and, furthermore, the University
of the courses of which serves as a means of attaining the highest
litcrarv decrees
deirrees
is
having
i)0.<5sibh}
after
(>id\-
to
examinations
All
who
of the l-Mict
a
view
to
attained literarx
who
those
passing;
jihioad
of
classes, the acquisition
graduated no
at
(h'p,'roe8
advuncemeut of
lictn
educated
i.VJ(
to O.Vjk).
previou.s
the
lia\c
their
liaxe
to the
pronudgation
been <lirected, with
education,
to
join
the
629
fir
^ ft
to
xi
It
629a
Shih* Hsiieh^
(see
{see
C!liin4
Li\Kuan^
Kuan'
^ ^ |t K'o
Chiin* Hsiu*,
No. 629a) such a person was designated as j^
the
an
before
to
examination
had first
Magistrate of his
pass
district.
candidate
certificate of merit
^^
for
the distinguishing
629a.
degree
title
^^
(literary
of
An^ Shou'.
|^
^ ^
designation,
Shtnig^
first
literary
This
Yiian^).
^^
An^ Shou'
on the
list
629).
P^
Fu'*
Tseng^
into
compare No.
two groups:
Sheng^
Licentiates
Second
the
of
*X,
Class.
i^
Also,
^
the
Lin'
known as /^
Lin^ Shan^ Sheng\ Stipendiaries.
The Licentiates as a whole were known generally as "^ G^
Kn^ Kung*
Kung-* Sheng^, Senior Licentiates, /.,?., L
,^, "^
Sheng^ or ^. J3
Senior
lia\ing
Imperial Favour
passed at one of the so-called ^^ g^ En' Shih* {see No. 628),
Sheng',
Licentiates
by
at
3-
S'J
Senioi-
2G8
their
Senior
Sh'nt%
achievements
Also, Licentiates of
obtain
Fust
the
the
degree of
^ \
Chii'
at
Class
the
^^
Yu* Kunt^*
those
regular
Class (Fu*
|^
^^ "^
shown noteworthy
might
4.
CUIN'A.
Sheng'
having
examination.
see
abc->
purchase.
629b.
Hsiao*
Jen^
Lien-),
designation,
(literary
Graduate (Bachelor
Provincial
of
^^
Arts); the
^^
^^
^^
designation, -^
Peking.
Of some
described as
ten
J[;
the
list
styled
jj|
J^
\^)
Lung*
Hu'^
^\
In addition to the
list
styled
glj
names
in
this
in
a secondary
list,
The
^^
C'hing'
TC
first
^
on the
list
Yiian', the
I'ieh*
title
jjtg
564
K'uei' or
Chii' Jen',
candidates
Jfj/j;
Jlsiang' K'uei'.
as an honorary reward
HO or
UO years of
ag^
upon
.4ji
on
tl>f>
629b
i^
629c.
629c
the third
Hui* Shih"
(see
Those
Examination.
conferred at the
628) following a
IS'o.
successful
proving
^^
this
examination
of
designation
general
i.e.
distinguished further,
Kung*
j^
the
second to the
fifth as
thirteenth as
^ J^
was hestowed
'hing^
Hui* K'uei^.
were
examination
of Chin*
^ ^ Tien*
classified
Shih"*
Shih'* (see
at
composed
essays
and
scrutinized
were
The degree
The
Examination.
Palace
628),
^^^ '1^
Some
Shih"*.
as
first
by
No.
this
special
of the essay to be
The
composed
Avas selected
Peking
or the
The
Grand
Secretariat.
scholar ranking
received the
title
of
^j(;
first
among
Chuang* Ytian^
j{;^
The
recipient of
Hsiuthe
li
ci.ndidates
(see
^^
J>C
were invested
title
of
the rank
f^ (i^ Pien^
The three graduates mentioned made up
Chia^ First Class, of the year and Avere styled
Avith
No. 200b),
:j^
the
270
of
of
ii
Shu*
ili
ili
Chi=^
remainder of
-the
name
Krh^
fjl
title
of
of ;f^
f^
gj^
Chien-*
received the
this class
(^f the
in
Ch'uan-
title
highest
the
at
'Chia',
rirvafluatincr
last class,
designated hy
the general
oi
)g
othei*s
in
Examinations
629n.
for
did
tho.-c
for
the
ciA
il
gave access
same degrees
the
to
with
career,
followed
degrees
military
the
exception
that
as
the
charax'ter
Wu^
On Manchus competing
629e.
ing their
in
"hinese, there
were conferred
Fan'
1'
fi30.
(.see
No.
,f^
\g
Fan'
1'
^^
Chin' Shih*).
to
I'cking, examinations
recpiircMl
to
undergo, on
return
theii-
of thiee grades
liie
literary
Nos.
degree
6:n.
(</(?
No.
The
r,2H>,
introduced a
Imj^eria!
Deprive
the
touching
now system
of
[
..f
sclio
the
.1
com])etition
-'71
2nd Septenil.er,
regulations
for
litnnrv
of
190.'*
1!M);{,
d(.r,,.o^,
629n
^O
^r^-
^ ^
Lin
1.
W^ ff^
Examination (once a month),
K'ao^
Shih^
Periodic
Shih^
'
^ M ^ U
2.
Hsiieh2
Ch'ii
K'ao^
Semestral
Shih%
^ ^ ^ ^
3.
Hsiieh^
Nien^
K'ao^^
Annual
ShihS
Examination.
are carried on
by the
^^^
^ ^^M
4.
and
5.
for
Advancement
The two
Peking by
in
the
Pi^
to
last-mentioned
at
provinces
officials
Goveraor.
At
"
examinations the " one hundred mark total
all
Conforming
the
to
percentages
received
Tsui*
IV
Good (60
60), 4.
:^
T^
2.
is
used.
the examinations
in
1.
ff
Wi
i'M.
Yu^ Teng^,
^^
to 80),
3.
Chimgi Teng^, Satisfactory (40 to
Hsia>
~f
Teng^ Unsatisfactory (20 to 40), and 5.
Tsui* Hsia* Teng^ Very Poor (1 to 20).
Dependent on the
tyjje of school
ascending
Sheng\
Fu* ShengS 3. if
4.
Lin^
jg
Tscng^ ShengS
5.Yu' Lin^ Sheng\ 6. -^
Sui' Kung*,
ShOngS
ff /^
7.
Pa- Kung*, 9.
ff ;^ Yu' Kung*, 8.
:
^^
Kung* Sh^ng',
10.
g|J
;^ Fu* Pang^,
r
272
^^
11.
||i
<^~i^ii'
Je^S
]g
12.
i.e.
Q^i
Ir]
it
ffi
^^
Chin' Shili'
Ch'u^ Sheu').
For
ral
types of schools.
ADMINISTRATION OF SCHOOLS.
632.
Law
This post
held by a Prince or
is
High
l/jf
i^^
634.
Tu',
^}
De[)artment
Department
^"M
Dean
Ta*
at
'"^ ("liien'
Fen^
Hsiieh''
K'o^
Chleni
the
635.
No. 633).
Tu', Director.
This
official is
found at
Middle and Higher Schools (see Nos. 5H2 and 583a), Middle
and Higher Professional Schools (see No. 598), Normal Schools
of
Lower
(5te
College of
Languages
Languages
'Ch'iifi. (see
(<?<?
No. 627 \
No. 627a),
^'ollegc;
He
etc.
is
of
History
aii.l
Philology at
635a.
^ ii
at
273
No. 598).
[
IK
^o
636 \
of
632
at Primary Schools
tQ
^ Jl
635b.
635b
Primary
635c.
639
T'ang' Chang^
Head
Mistress
Female
at
^j|
'b*
Kuan^
grades.
636.
f^ Ji
iS:
Chiao*
Wu*
T'i"
With
the
^ f^ ^
Tiao* or
Dean
637.
University
JE
;
is
subordinated
No. 635).
f^^
ai*e
(at the
Professors
and
the University he
IJC
see
Chiao* Yuan',
At
^'^^cng*
Teachers
subordinated
are
at
Higher Schools,
Higher Professional Schools, Higher Normal Schools and Higher
at other
to the Preceptor {see No. 636) and
Special Schools
636).
Law
at the College of
directly to the Director {see No. 635)
and Administration for Princes and Nobles {see No. G22a)
schools
and at the Military School for Princes and Nobles {see No. 7.13a)
they are subordinated to the Preceptor {see No. 649).
638.
gj)
the University
^^
;
Chiao* Yiian^ or
see
Djj
Fu* Chiao*
Fu*
No. 598). At other schools
glj f^ j^
Chu* Chiao*, Assistant Teacher.
Subor:
dinated
to
the
^^
{see
No. 636)
or, there
2H
also
being
No. 637).
^^
p]
Shu^
Ssu'
Librarian
Yiian',
and Nobles
{sae
at
tlie
^^
640.
No. 622a),
Law
College of
^^
"Schools of the
Wu*
Shu*
'Steward
B^ ^
at other schools.
The Steward
Dean
593), to the
is
(sec
at
{sec
No.
^^
and
fl
^ AVen2 An*,
^:
An*
^^ eir
Middle
^^
also
Yiian^, Secretary
Schools
and
'g'
at the University,
of
schools
or
Higher
corresponding grades;
642a.
of
Law and
643.
Q"
mgeit
ill'
at the College
''^I'u'
Ifj-
Ilui'
CJii^
gj- 'a*
Accountant:
Yiian^,
^^"''
a(
<'l'i*
the
No. 622a).
Kuan', or
University,
iJX
Accountant
(.sec
for Trinces
and Nobles
(sec
643ii.
{sec
No.
.(ice
No. 713a).
Ulf^
'{;
Cliili'
Viiig'
-^7.0
^q
ft4.'^B
'B'
Law
the College of
639a
644
to
660
644.
ii
at
Wu* Kuan^
Tsa^
Works
Yiian^ Clerk of
^^ ^M
645.
or
H^M
Wii*
(at other
schools
Inspector of Dormitories
'^^^'
at the University
where
subordinated,
at other schools, to
^ Jp
646.
'g*
^ ^ M.
Chien'
Teachers
(see
No. 637).
W.^*^
647.
Ch'a'' Yiian^,
<^liien3
Ch'a'
Kuan^
or
^^
Chien'
fl.
at the
Univer-
^^
648.
'g'
Officer
at the
of the
649.
1^ T'i2 TiaoS Preceptor at the College of Law
and Administration for Princes and Nobles (see No. 622a) and
at the ^Military School for Princes and Nobles (sec No. 713a).
This
official
Steward
Cs<'c
650.
Secretary
and
at the
-g
;
at
Ssu'
Shih* or
m^"^
Ssu'
Shih*
Kuan',
Customs College
Director (see No. 635).
[see
to the
651.
Scheme
^h m
^
2
o
m
^
:k
-m
:J^
it
K ^ ^ ^ ^
f^ IS m
^4
Fft
r|i
'^
lis
s:
/ \
:^c
-^
:!
>>
^
m
I
277
fl
661
663
+^
to
6^2'^
^ m-B ^ Wf ^ ^ "^ M
652.
Yu^
llsiieh*
Students
At
Japan
head
the
at
the
of
Tu^
Cliien'
Sheng^
in
the
LP
Jih*
Pen^
Inspectorate of Chinese
Cli'u*,
Chinese
at
Legation
a
is
Inspectorate
Kuair'
^ ^
Tokyo.
Chien^
Tu^,
The
ments
is
Inspectorate
in
arranged
B.B^
1-
Wu' K'o\
Shu^
It f^
3.
){^ ^!\
4.
2.
fij-
T'luig^
I*
K'o^,
Accounts,
and
of Correspondence,
Translating
(Interpreting)
Section.
Each
Section
Section
Chiefs,
is
who
are
assisted
jfj[
K't>^
by two or three
^3^
Chang^,
K'o^
Yiian^, Secretaries.
At
is also
^ f^ ^ Pien^ Pao*
Reports, under a
J]|
j^
So',
Kuan''' Li'
Yiian^, Superintendent,
for
and ten |^ |^
Tzu^
on
the
recommendation
Consulting Experts, appointed,
I* Yiian'',
are compiled,
^ H ^ f^
652a.
j^ Yu^ Mei^
Peking.
Foreign
Office
This Office
Affiiirs
there
Preparatory
is
is
America;
Cl.'uS Office
1909 at
^ ^- P ^
CDllege,
Wu*
established in
and of Education.
the
Hsiieh'^
from
despatch to America.
[
278
PliESENT
Bv
652b
5520
an
America
The
Chinese
control of
students
in
America
as
regards
^^
Chien"'
Controller.
Ji'\
il
^^^#
Tu\
Chien'
Tu\
6o2b.
was established
Hsiieh'^ IShengi
Europe
in
this post
all
Chinese
students in Europe.
Memorial from the Ministry of Educa(sanctioned by the Emperor on the 7th November, 1909),
l*aris, J5erlin,
Xo, 652).
652c.
Having
(sec
in
of students in Europe,
drawn
uj)
their return to
f)f
thrcr-
JEUk
tion,
and
,lA
.'>.
I'.ducatiiMj
III
1.
-types:
6521).
gciK
Peking are
5^
called
^'
TIk-
education.
)ii
sati.'<fa<'tory
is
held at the
languages
and
coniplcti(n
of
Mini>lry of
.subjfcts
liis
of
examina-
tO
^Q
fift2F
At
652b.
652k
there
are
the
three
set
languages and
Ministerial Examination
examination
2.
^ Yu^
one
of
educational
special
652c)
foreign
subjects.
papers,
two of selected
No.
{see
i.e.
^ f^ ^
1.
3.
in
Yu^ Teng',
Tsui*
t\i
Chung^
Teng^, Satisfactory.
^^
seven
j^
Nung2
Jflj-
2.
4.
K'o.\ Agriculture,
^ |^ ^^
Polytechnics, 5.
Ko^
Chili"
The
be examined.
^^ i^ f
I.
to
list
of
'-j-
I^ K'o^,
^i|-
Medicine,
Kung^ K'oS
^[
K'oS Natural
Sciences, 6.
^A
The
final
confirmation
of
place in the f^
fj]
Officials of the
Empire
652f.
is
only
as the examiners.
carried on
i 1^ H*
indefinite)
made
is
degrees
literary
by the
officials
is
following
(the
^ t^
number
'B*
Hsiang^ Chiao*
Kuan\
examined).
[
'2H0
Assistant Examiners
number
of candidates to be
rilESEXT
3-
Sa
the
Avitli
and
supervision
examination
Kuan',
control
and
in progress
is
Liir
Chien^
^TO ''
of
assist in
CIIIXA.
053
charged
Supervisors;
candidates
vc\n\e
the
marks.
i-
i^
i1
T'i'
Proctors
KuanS
Tiao-"
distribute
B B ^ Shu^
6-
i&W-"^
Wu*
Shou^
Kuan', Stewards.
Kuan\
Chang'
Collectors
receive
tion
seal the
on
^^
^-
Chien'
'B*
Ch'ang' Kuan',
the examination
^^
1*1
I'^xaminatlon
Shih*,
the
of
officials
malpractices
Should
rii
t^
on
the
hall.
Education
of
of
part
watch
Nei^
C'ensers
Ministry
Inspectors;
the
to
m^
Kao=
^.)]IJ
Teng'
^^
i^
C'huan'
I"i
Men'
of
tlu;
(ierinan
^^
Jlsiich'
;
which
(Jovornment,
Privileged
T'ang',
established
in
1909 at the
allotted
three
The
object
of the school
in
is
to cnal)I<'
<
"iilncse to
is
%iJmM
1-
Ch'ui
iff
ii
Education Section
between
accepted scholars
are
years,
the
the course of a
W B^W
PanS General
Hsiieh^
For
there
or
PanS Preparatory,
Yii' Pei*
Chi^"
this section
ages of 13 and 15
Primary School of
^^
i^
of four courses
1.
f^ i^ f^
and Administration,
2.
f-'j-
3.
these
courses
Course
in
covers
three
Medicine, which
years,
is
consisting-
Fa"*
with
made up
^ /^
Each
f-j-
of
At
the
there
'^"hool
is
^^
For
the
the
of
supervision
as
instruction,
regards
its
ment
appointed
Inspector,
the
by
Ministry
of
Education
and
The teachers
dation of
local
fM
the
Inspectors
282
of
Education
prksen;
For attendance
tlepiites
a special
Insj)ector, sijjns
at examinations
Ministry of Education
tlie
official
appointed to
Government
yario.ns
offices
according
to
their
courses of study.
At
^^
j^ I^ Shu*
Clul^, Translating Office, for the translation of text books from
German
into Chinese.
PUBLIC
60-4.
:^
^ifj
iJ It
LIBRARIES.
Memorial from
Shih^
Chingi
;
Tmi-
8hu'
Kuan',
it
1.
Old
the
Grand
and
Chinese
l?H
^ fj
j$
Secretariat,
^
A
lan<l
-J^
and
2.
1^ Yung*
full collection
K'u^
Ssu*
Ch'iian'
'Sung*,
from the
4.
in
plates of the
Dynasties, kejjt at
to
T.? Sh^ng*
known
as
tf
Men' gate
%M
(see
No. 801
close
ihe
two plots of
Hul*
jtl
u),
to
ijipl
Q54
654a
^M
^U.
^eug* Ch'en^
Yiian'^ (see
No. 90).
^^
Tu^
At the
Chien^
T^
who has
a staff
made up
of
l^lj
^ '^
Fu"*
^ f^ ^ #
Antiques.
654a.
^ I^
T'u'^
in the
these
are
tc
Shansi,
others.
J||
Li'.
Tsung'
General Regulations, in 20 articles, for the Metropolitan
and Provincial Public Libraries have been drawn up by the
Ministry of Education {see report of the Ministry dated the 27th
January, 1910).
Public Libraries at provincial capitals are designated
i^ Mou^ Sheng' T'u' Shu^ Kuan^, those at administrative
^^
M^
Hlf
called -j^- j^
j^l] {^
If Mou^ Fu^
Hsien^ T'u^ Shu^ Kuan' (article 3).
P\iblic libraries are to consist of a
are
Chou^
^ ^ ^ Ts'ang^ Shu^
Shih^ Library,
Pan* Shih* ShihS Office (Chancery)
Ud 4T
T'ing^
Room, and
(article 5).
The
284
and
districts
The
control.
^^
actual
management
and
Directors
Tu\
C"hien
of
affairs
J| f^
appertains
T'i'
the
to
Tiao^ Troctors
At
may
^ Jf
be appointed a
alone, this
Fostering of Public
the
for
Education
{see
No. 829a) or of
is
iic
that
arranged
Offices, with j^ f P
l";i'
Bff
'^'i'l'
^'^o^
Typesetting Offices,
may
655.
force
in
the Chinese
Committee
a basis for
for
Empire
Army
Emperor
for
and
(f^ i|i
V.
I-:!;
Lii
./.
^50.
('^
1,1111(1
Lii'
Hl
Forces:
Chiin',
Land
Forces;
made up
of:
1.
Tf'M'ii'i
the
Liu^
2-
<
^'[
lirii*,
I'lu
J{C
'M\
Divisions,
lis'-'
IV'i*
will
not
be
reached
until
285
1913,
(all the
656
tO
q^q
656a
3 years
is
Regular
is
corresponding- to
in all respects
it
d^
(army of
reserve, militia)
4 3ears
in
war time
-the term
of the Regular
which
Tsung^ Shu^,
MM^
The determination
according
will furnish a
number
Head
'i'"'
as a division
and 0f i Hsin^
|||^
-Ea
^^
Cheng^
^&
the
to
Army
given a
as yet no conscription
is
provincial
is
is
Army.
In China there
Ping"'
branch of the
this
Hj!]
Mu* Ping'
Chih-*
is
Liieh*,,
made
Short
No. 655).
From
656a.
1.
Cavalry,
into
1.
.3.
arranged as:
|5f
|rf
a^ UJ
4.
I ^ Ff
itl.e
Lii*
Chinese
2.
^l^W^W
2.
,%
its
5.
the
Artillery,
I',
Corps,
Chiin'
5.
jBlJ
Yueh",
Ts'e^
Music
^ ;^
4.
Veterinary (Jorps,
Hui*,
Corps,
g; [Tf Tzu^
Also there are
|gj
Com-
H^
Gendarmerie.
r
and
Artillery),
Ma'
is
turn sub-divided
Fl^
Army
Ma^ TuiS
286
As
656b.
thus divided:
3.
fk Chcn\ Division,
1.
4.
Piao", Regiment,
Squadron
(in
Shao^; Half
Squadron
Army
infantry, in
Hsieh*, Brigade,
])%
|^ Tui^ Company
5.
(in
cavalry\ and
(in
Chen'', Division
time of peace.
The
Chiin into a
^ Ta* Chiin^
is
(in cavalry);
P'ai', Platoon
656c.
2.
Ying^
the Chinese
administration,
regards
C.IJN'A.
7.
P'eng', Squad.
in
time of war.
made up
of
four
one
companies,
of
batallion
supplies,
of
troo])s
companies,- musicians
peace
luunbers
division
21,000 men.
656 1).
Hsich',
jjjgj
:uid
for
(51,
men;
in
(numbered
Brigade
including
time
In
gendarmerie.
12,512
of
transport
war
tc
time,
in
72,
regiments
found onlv
is
(it
is,
in
the
I'
656e.
llsieh'.
;^
infantry,
are
numbered
of
their
foiin a
[^^
Regiment
is
u3j
divisions,
fuund
artillery.
respective
cavalry and
which
(tne,
two
Cavalry Brigade).
l^iao',
cavahy and
in
Ma-'Tui'
infanti\-
ami
Ijrigades
[see
ordcM-
No. 656i))
respective divisions.
regiment
[
5iH7
ol
infantry
consists of three
656b
to
050b
656^
bataliions
made up
o three
divisions.
656 F.
branches of the
all
In
the
Army.
a
infantry
batallion
consists
four
of
Tui*,
4.
Rear-
of the
Company
Eou*,
company
three
P'eng'^,
.fJJS
of
Platoons,
is
six
Squads,
/^
each, in
composed of
P'ai^, Platoons,
Pj^
time
in
each,
Squads,
Shao*,
of
war_
Platoons are designated as '^ Tso^, Left, i^ Chung^, Centre, and
i^ Yu*, Right, while squads are designated by the niimbers of
their respective
P'eng'',
companies
up
of
time of war
and the
^^
numbers,
is
in
A
It
from
363
speaking,
generally
Each squad
^ Tui',
men
bearing
complement
and 64 :^
a rule
the
(in
into
one
made
260
left
P*eng''*,
to
horses.
and right
Squads,
four.
The
is
it,
if^
is
two
regiment as
conditions where operations are being carried on
there may be only one division of field artillery, or
should
demand
two
squadron)
of a cavalry squadron
subdivided
numbers
the
is
squad
Squadrons, and
and
first
in a
288
having
:^
is
^ ^
three
of
consists
increased)
Liu*
P'ao*
Tsun\
coniplemeut
hatterv
made up
is
P'ao^
CHl-VA.
Tni\
six
657
Batteries,
Its
eacii.
ginis,
horses.
of three
qqq
^'
^ P'eng',
P'ai^,
Platoons
(left,
is
The complement
guns and
horses for
of four
composed
engineers,
and
A
operates
o.
but,
it
foi-,
1,640 men
is
infantry,
in
iu
The companies
time of war.
Sappers
Bridging Company, 2.
and
Coujpany,
Search-light
Telegra|)h, Telephone
transpoi-t
engir.eeis
the
to
similarly
1.
Mining Company
4.
181 men, 48
left,
specialities:
Company,
five officers,
by
is
field artillery.
five chargers.
of
batallion
of a battery
in
l)ataHion
is
men it
consequence of the great munber of
has in the ranks 748 men in time of peace, and
in
time of war.
MILITARY RANKS.
Start" ol
the Genei-al
inimrniy regulations, drawn up by
Army and sanctioned by the Kmperor on the 11th
liv
6.'>7.
th.;
November,
r(
lfi()!i,
military ranks
there
tluir
(I a,
Hb,
y.v
the
in
and
Ji
ciN
il
ranks.
().">H.
fourteen
Forces
Tlie
rsmk-
niu
re^^ulations
for
officers
(see
2'J
No.
657)
siib-nffic-is
[
I'J
:nnl
tO
of
provide
tie
f'M
Land
PRESENT
::'C
eminent generals
of a III
^ fc
||J
rank of
service)
^^^'
Jft
Commander
the position of
3.
(see below).
U 3^
jE
2.
the
of a
'^^^^
Fu^ 5^e
Hsiin'^
No.
Commander
821
of
2a (of
the
ciAil
No.
of a Division {see
661).
WiUM
4.
civil
service)
No.
(see
661),
Commander
Ranks Nos.
Chief
of
of
Staff of a
Teng^ Highest
2b
(of
826 of
the
the. rank of :^
2 to 4 form
Class,
what
made up
Commander
Corps
of
of a Brigade
No. 662) or
No. 670).
known
is
{sec
as the _h
HM
^^"^ C\n\
Shang*
Three
Grades.
5.
^ fl
^ |^
IE
rank of }^
Commander
of a
(see
Regiment
Judge Advocate
(see
of a
Corps
(see
No. 675).
6-
wiJ
the rank of
civil service
^M
^
jjg fii
LingS Lieutenant-Colonel 3b
Yen' Yun* Shih^- 5ce No. 835 of
F^i' Ts'an^
Command
(of
the
of a
Arms
290
ri:i:sKNT iixY
of
t)ffi('cr
a Division
No.
(sre
(iT'i),
Sur<i-con {scr
(Jorps Veteiinary
Judge Advocate
673),
of
Xo.
(iTo),
ir-^t
Ranks Xos.
fSj
^.
'li^'^
Fang<).
pM Hsieh'
m^
^-
rank of J^
Itestowed
are
to
Ts'an'
l)v
LingS
(\iptain
Xo. 838
Yiiau-
Tao'
Inii)erlal
.if^c
4a
ij'ei-ree-;
(of the
<t')i;,
Chief of Staff of a Cori)s Isrc Xo. 662j, S( lio!Assistant Chief of Staff" of a Division (are No. 662). ,\ii'
.liinior .Assistant
Inspector of a ]iegni;ent
of
Surgeon
j.
to
form the
jE
^4^ 'K!
grades
Cheng* Chiin^
jl
(s'-r
Hsiao"*,
il
service)
Battalion
(.sy'<?
I'^irst
?.^
Chung^
T(*ng'',
above).
see
in
liieutenant;
.>
t'F
67.3j, Vetoritjai-y
of
Couriers
Depots
(srn
and
No.
(i(i!ij,
Remount
ViVA'- \k
(ranking with
the
oi-
'""'
-itj
<"'"''"'
f\]
T'ung'
[
2U1
Second
i*'.n^*sre
]
l.ieuUtiant
No.
H49acf
^/
'ht
659
il
service)
Commander
of a Platoon
(^see
{see
No. 856
7a
of the civil
Company
No.
{see
The ranks
7 to 10 are
m mH*''^'
Pu3).
f ;^ Ssu^
n]
^^
the
PIsien**
Teng^ Lower
The ranks Nos.
Tz'u*
'^'sou^
of
(compare above).
Ch'eng"^
1^
^|>
Wu"
('hang^',
see
Ensign
8a (ranking with
civil service); one
'g-
Officers' Banks."'
12.
Sliang^
_fc
Avith
(ranking
%]\\
Shili'S
Hsiin*
Tao^ src
No.
857 of
8b
the civil
service).
i3.
ffl
'ranking with a 1^
civil
service).
14.
HF
(ranking with
Hsia'*
9b
ci^il
service).
Ranks Nos. 12
Shih^ Petty
to 14
Ix^long to tlie category of
Officers'
Ranks Nos. 11
to
r;l
% Chitni
Ranks.
(^
||[ IV.u'
new
??2
officer in
command
Pn^).
be designated
1.
'^
-^W^^ fS
Infantry,
3^
iE
^'l^"ig'
Ts'an^ I''i"g^
2.
^B
3.
1'"'
PJ^
(Jhi'ng^
# II
JE
Colonel of Cavalry, 4.
"1^^"'
Ma^
Tui^
^
X^M
WiE
T^
iE
W. K^^'g' Ch'cng^
Ling', Colonel of Artillery, 5.
Tui^ 'heng* Ts'an' Ling% Colonel of Engineers, 6.
1^ jE
|.^'
^^
of
^ W}
7.
Transport,
Commissariat
Ling',
JE
^M.
8.
Colonel,
^'l'"'^'
Cheng* Ts'an^
I-^^^'^'
H -^ IE # fl
tluin^
I^
^^
^utical
Statt;, 9.
Colonel
of
the
,E
^ IE # ^*
Veterinary
Stall',
^^I^i'
M^lE^'M
10.
(Jolonel of
I'
11.
Ordnance,
^^'''^''
iJl'J
!# IE
The rank
of (ieneral
that branch of
^j
Ift
<
h'ni'
Arni\
in
this or
in
.
if.
!l
Fii^
Ilsii'
show service
mollified, to
(ieneral,2.
(
tin;
is
J^
glj
;|JP
;j;|t!l
Of
late,
for
int(j
-i)aiH,'rs
three cla.>ses,
First Class:
new
in
j/Jf T'
Lieutenant-Geiieral,
an<l
),
ranks
ni
!>}
\vlil li.
tmii, are
sid)-
'J;
hiaug', (ieneral,
}}5f
ijtjj^
Chung'
(M.iang*,
65&A
659b
to
^ Ta* Tso^
i^
Lientenant-Colonel, and ^p
Chung^
rfi
'giChiuig-i Tso',
Third Class
660
Colonel,
-j^
Yii*,
Lieutenant.
659b.
thus:
M'W^^Ut%
V^^
glj
3.
Admiral,
1^,
Hai^*
4.
Ling3, Post-Captain,- 5.
^^ If
Ling^ Commander,
vf
6.
.^
Cheng' Chnn^
^ ^
glj
Hai=^
^^
7.
Chiin^
^ Jg
Hsieh^
2^ ;^ Hai'
^.
Lieutenant,
:^
Hsiao^ Lieutenant, and
Hai^ Chun^ Hsieh^ Chun> Hsiao^ Midshipman.
U%^i^^
9-
Hai^
Senior
Hsiao'*,
Chiin^
Hai=*
Chrng* Ts'ani
Chiin^ Fu* Ts^an^
Cliiin^
^ fK
tw # fl
g|J
Chun^
by ^-
Hai^
^
'^
^^ %
Rear-Admiral,
^ 1^ IE ^ f|
Admiral,
2.
Army, with
Hai' Chun\ Naval,
to those of the
Fu''
CJhiini
various
naval ranks
First (^lass
tf;]
^'i
M^ ^K^
tlai^
UWP ^
Second Class
i&.
Ff
Third Class
Lieutenant,
and \% 2g
660.
the
4.
12.
Post-
'
f^.
Posts existing
following
8.
Judicial,
in
categories:
Secretarial,
Remount,
Captain, f :^
i^'^'P
5.
Arms,
13.
Orderly
9.
the
Army may
Line,
and
2.
Commissariat, 14.
[
204
Staff,
Convoy,,
Arsenal, 10.
bre
arranged under
3.
Adjutancy,
6.
Colours, 7.
Artillery, 11.
Engineer,
Administration of Com-
15.
missariat Oflficc,
IS.
2.
Commander,
4.
^^
Commander,
o.
^ ^
Command
of
the
Commander
'yf
T'ung"
C'hiao*
of
i-anks
in
Command
have
Company ('ommander,
^^*-
IE
'^-
h'i'J
12.
wpiadi, and
1:5.
g|J
proper
^^
=^ {^
Tiii'
8.
military
Tu^
'g*
Kuan',
Tui'
Sergeant
Private of the
IE | Cheng* Ping',
he draAvn from
Kuan',
'gf
J^ R'ai' Chang', Platooji Chief,
'Second
^^"^
^''"'
J|j^
Mu%
tlu'ng'
7.'
Battalion,
9.
will
received
aholished), 6.
of
Regiment
Kuan',
Commanders
Second
Brigade
as
all
Avho
otficei.s
Kuan',
Ling-^
Tai*
(in
when
later,
|l|,
'g*
Regiment
T'ung'
the
>ro(lical
19.
Signal,
'g*
[{jij
fg '^
.3.
Commander,
17.
Veterinarv,
to
s([uad),
squad),
(eight to a s(pmdj.
662.
Staff Posts: A.
Ts'an'
:}.
^$3$^^
AssiHtarit Chief
of
Staff. 2.
Trng Ts'an'
(two
Ts'un'
jE#E)i^tr Cheng*
'*>'' Teng^
Zl'S
^W^
Chief
.;f
Staff(one),an(l
in
Adjutancy
all).
.Mou-
^jS^i^lJ* Tsung^
'
'M'
:\lou='
B.
Kuan',
Kuaii', .hmior
division
Clii.f
''''S'
ni all),
of
Si.iU":
1.
Stall;
2.
Ts'an'
;j.
1.
^ # iJ
''-''
'^intl'
staff:
Corps
T.-s'an'
and
661
tO
663
Camp-follower.
661.
Posts of the Line
Corps Commander,
16.
^Tedical,
Department Administration,
Po.sts
1.
Stall' (one).
jf^H'-'lV""'
'i\f.
:;.
Yi*
<
hung'
-^ SK
'k'
'''"'"'
K'ari',
riiiin'
Kuan',
'IVan'
Chiin^
663a
tO
QgK
Senior
f|L
H* Cliilr
Brigade Adjutant (one), 4.
Shih'' Kuan\ Adjutant (one in each Cori)S, Division, Brigade
Ssu^ Wn* Chang^, Adjutant
and Kegiment), and 5.
p\ f^
(in the infantry, four for a battalion oi- one for each company
Kuan\
in the cavalry,
in
in
663a.
Concerning glj 'g' Fu^
Palace Guards, see No. 103d.
664.
Chi^
Secretarial Posts:
Kuan^
Kuan\
^ "^ 12 It
tlie
New
Teng^ Shu^
Class (four for a corps and
1.
H ^ ^ 12
of
Knan\ Adjutant
^~''^'^^^
'B*
I'
'^^^^9^^
^^^^^^
^'^^^^^
for a regiment),
(fire for a
corps, seven
division, one
for
of cavalry or artillery), 4.
WI
l]l
for a battalion of
of transport,
and
5.
p]
^|
Ssu^
foi
six
for a battalion of
665.
Orderly
and
(^onvoy
Posts
Jfl
Chi^
'g*
Ch'a^
^-
:^
Pien"*
division, brigade
(thirty
for
corps,
sixteen
foi-
.(.^onvoys
and
regiment
of
infantry,
1.
f^
Hu^
]\[u*,
one
for
battalion
of
infantry,
|^
^
[
Ping\
21)G
corps,
for
tliirty
division,
ten
for
for
eight
l)ri<;a(lo,
QQQ
for a division
of
artillery,
division of cavalry.
Posts
Colours
666.
^ j^
Remount
667.
Tosts
Chang-
"g"
^^
^.
Ch'i-
Kuan',
Ma=
Chang^
of infantry).
Ch'a=
and cavalry
artillery
tlivisions
two
Amis
668.
Posts:
1.
Chiin'
3.
glj i|i
'g*
tiiS
Cliiin'
(one), 2.
IE i?
^^
j^ Chiin'
Il.-.ieh'
Kuan', Chief,
At
JTig
i\L
'g'
'^
Ssii'
'"^nii'
head
its
who has
two
di\
the
there
is
follov.ing
Supervision
i^io)^ij).
l^l
is
carried on at
Tsung=
'<^
to
sii'oordiiiated
T.'^ng'
(one)
Chang^, Inspector
I.
Chong^
Ilsieh'* Chii",
Arx-nal.
'B*
Arms
of Artillery (one).
the
|i|
of
Inspector
J^ i^ ^} Chiin'
staf!" is
^^
Division
Kuan',
Fu'
IS
Arms
.Shu'
Chi'
Kuan',
"Icrk
'A.
oi"
2.
Pan'
hlin
Three
One "^ ?^
the
.".id
Class,
4.
<
'leri<>,
').
Hu'
Shu'
,";'/^
IK
llsiu'
II.
Kighleen
Five
1L^
670.
lying'
lOighti-en
Two -'i'
ChiangS Arms Repairers, 10.
the
K'u' I'iiie' Mii<, Nenior Walehuieu at
Ilsieh*
Shou''
and
!).
tI- iiK
fj^
Artillery
Kuan', Ciiicf o
fj^
<p)5
f\i.
(U
Ar.^i'ual.
Hiur Fu',
Posts:
'ook>.
^^
\/jf,
'vU'ii
.Artillery of a ('orps.
[
^5)7
''='"'
'*'"''
"''^''
4-q
670
^Q
Engineer Fosts
671.
671
X@ M 3 vM '^
Kimgi
Cli'eng^
672.
Q^^
1.
Kuan\
Corps
Emperor on
sanctioned Ly the
conij)osite
Hun^ Ch'cng^
(^J J^ %%
brigades
the
I'lsieh-),
there will
being until
]be
Hsielr), as well
^ j^
these brigades
the post of
by
two
6t;4),
Hu^ Pi ngi
,673.
one '^
^^
Ssu^ 81m^Shcng^
"#
Xo.
605.)
{see
Commissariat Posts:
'M%Wi'^
glj
Ig f^
Officer (one),
^|
Tsung^ Chiin^
3.
fj^ ;^ 'g*
have
will
{sec
1.
gl]
f^su^
Tu^ Li*
fjf^
are assimilated
subordinated to him
all
IE |^
Officei-
^ 1^
(one),
'g'
each).
674.
(for a corps;
This
at its
its staff is
arranged for a
Office
two divisions).
coi-ps of
p^
him
Kuan', Paymasters,
4.
Four
^^
Four
Four
3.
Two
Ssu' Shlh'
.Shengi, Clerks, 6.
2.
^
HI
fE
3rd Class,
Four
21)S
it ^T
ff
"K*
^^
'hih*
Tsao*
^su' Hsiang^
San' Tcng^ Shu^
'b"
fpl
5.
f>'
Ssu' Liang^
Four
^ ^ .^
l'Iii:SEXr
^R
One
7.
Writers,
f?|
Mu\ Convoy
llu'
One
9.
Twelve
8.
Sergeant,
llu'
C:ilNA.
{}(,
675
Huo^
^q
Fu', Cook.
Medical
1.7^.
Posts:
P
^ Tsung'
jE ^ ^
Cheng'
Chiin' P
^^
P
Chang',
i^ ^ i^
1.
Surgeon
one
transport
one
artillery
(one for a
and
one
the
(in
for
each)
and troops of
Siu-geon (Cavalry and
engineers
infantry,
Division
^ :^
I'
^ |^
6.
l*ino
p)
I'
'
and for
or troops of transport
and
division),
artillery
Ilojjpital
Chiin'
IjattalioiJ
for au
^^^^
'S*
glj
4.
and
for each), 5.
Chini' I^
'S*
o.
Chiin'
'g*
li?
I'^J
cavalry division
thiee for an
artillery division).
Veterinary Posts:
J7;.
1.
|]^!
,^7
^t
jE .^i
Kuan', ("orps Veterinary Surgeon (one), 2.
Ma' P Kuan', Division Veterinary Surgeon (one),
Ma-'
Fii'
^^
troops
*^'=''
^^Ij.nj^*^
Surgeon
4.
(one),
Veterinary Surgeon
(for
''
^'"'"Ji'-
of
7.
i|i
start" is
hi> rontrol
Surgeons,
1^/|:
rr.
-J.
11
is
lii'"'
1'
i)f{:
Twoin
1.
luu
Sheng',
Ma'
Chriig'
'
/j
I'
Assistant
V^eterinary
<'''"% M'<Ii<Ml
^2
,D5
^'li^^'ng*
artillery division).
<'>7
the
.).
\'eterinary
IJattalion
for
transport, one;
(if
Surgeon
Eegiuieiit
Ma' P Chang',
ii
one), and
an
Kuan',
^ t?
'A.
Ma'
'J'^^nng^
I'
yil
^ i^
'iV
^'him'
Assistant
I'iug'
di\ isions).
'"'".^''
<''"'"'
'
1.
On.-
He
IE
Veterinary Surgeon,
-r.)
has under
l^":'"'^
7.
head of
llie
hang', Surgeons,
-Surgeons,
Kuan', Senior
Mu\
(Sov a corps;
At
'f.}'
5|I
<>'li''
On.- Zi "S
:\.
i.Vj
').
',.
}(
Senior
P.n
'^
l'<>nr
'I'wo
.ili
'Ij
677
678
Sani 'Teng^
IShu^
Kuan\
Chi'*
the
of
Secretaiy
3rd
Class,
One
^g
'
to
680
8.
"^"^
Three
tl "1^
Ssu^ Shu^
Sheng\ Writers,
Privates, 11.
Five
l^orty
i/C
of
of
Hu**
Ping^ Convoy
Ping\ Hospital Attendants, and
Signal Posts
678.
1^
|^
^ |
Six
12.
9.
1.
"gj
Ssu^
'g*
Division
2.
(one),
Signalmen
Chang^, Chief of Signalmen of a Brigade (one), 3.
M.
Ssu^ Hao"* Chang', Chief of Signalmen of a Regiment (one),
'^^
infantry,
cavalrj and
men
artillery
(two
in
transport,
tA\
one), and
5.
a Battalion (one
in
two
to a battery of
artillerv).
At
Music Posts:
679.
Yiieh'*
Tui^,
of
Company
^^^
the head of a
Musicians,
there
is
Chun'
[^ '^
Tui*
Yiieh'*
Tong='
H^
Musicians
Ping',
1^ Saul Tcng^
1?^
5.
24
^^
and
G.
Five ^^
680.
I^^S
2nd Class,
the
of
4.
12
3rd Class,
^ 'Huo^ Fu',
Cooks.-
Cani])-follower Posts:
E@
I.
Chiang*
]S[n*,
Senior
cavalry
2-
^h
f^ii'iang^
Bing', Armourer
^ [g
artillery)?
(four in a battalion
trans])ort
two
in
of
a division of
cavalry;,
3.
Mechanic fthree
in
T'ieh'
an
artillery
300
division),
]
5.
^ [5
Chang^
Cliiiing*,
Blacksmith (eight
four
in a
division
cavalry
Pu^
Pei^
-^-
three
1A
in
a brigade,
TJs
7.
a battalion of infantry
in
^^ IS
and
in
in
Private
l*i'ig'
G.
(four in a
two
an artillery division),
in
troops of transport;
P*i-
in a
Reserve
of
each
in
(one
squad),
forty
battalion
of
an
in
troops
Private
of
and forty-one
battalion
engineers
10.
transport),
W-
of
in
field
in
artillery),
in
dixision
mountain
P]^
^^
of
artillery),
field
artillery;
12.
,!S
in
division of cavah'y
and three
Stableman
I'u',
'"'i^'
^'l''*^'^
in a division of
eighteen
(four
cavalry division
of
a division
in
l'"^
^^'^^
and
infantry
Senior
Mn',
Stableman (eight
Ma'
Wei^'
infantrv
.-Ix
11.
in
in
a division of artilleiy),
a
in
(seventy
of
battalion
^j
troops
of
]:').
and thirty-nine in an
Kuan^ Tit* Ping', Packer
(eighteen
14.
in a divi'^ion of
fr.
%)i
mountain
artill(;ry).
REVIKWS OF TROOPS
Kogulations drawn up
Hanctiom-d by the Kmpcror on the
GSl.
the
Ministiy of
thnc
\>y
tlie
l*.^th
years.
April,
With
!)()H,
:'.01
call
this object
War
Ministry of
of
:
i<'r
in
the
681
682
+Q
691
^^:k^
682.
Hsiao^
Ta^
Yiieli*
Ch'cn-,
Insi)ector-
^ 1^
683.
Gen(>ral in
Ts'a)!-
and
cori't.-spondenee,
making
confidential
1\ Adviser (one);
all
questions of expenditure.
684.
ytian'^,
Tu'
^i^ffli^lim.
Inspector of
Hsiao"
Kn)i
I'iiig^
in
Yiieh*
an tiy as regards
its efficiency.
Yiian-, Inspector of
'a^ahy
efficiency.
686-
lit
^<
^ ^k
Htl
l"=^t)'
j
Hsiao' Yiieh"
K'o'
ringi
iiispects
its efficiency.
687.
Yiian"-,
4:^
Hg
l^^"'"'
^^'^'
^'i"g''
^i^iao* Yiieh^
efficiency
688.
Yiian-,
X 1^ ^4
and organization.
f^
&
^^
Inspector of
-^^^
[IJJ
T/n^
of
Troops
689.
Inspector
xg^'j^H^
of
the
Insj)ector of
691-
its
i^M^MM.
690.
Arms;
Sp:
Tiansport
im
inspects
books and
<'l'i''
Hsiao-*
Yiieh"
302
II
PIsiao'
Yueh" Vnan",
Yiian'^
commissariat
bills.
Il^^ieh'
Chiin'
the
Hsiao"
Yiieh"
Yiieh*
Hsiao"
Hsii'
^^
and organization.
Oiiin'
Commissariat
Pingi K'qI
Yuan-,
staff'
and
PRKSKX
692.
-^
Hsiao*
Yiicl.*
Yuan^,
sentences
(,'xainliies
^ ^ Ml
693.
Fai
Cli'Ong"
miscellaneous duties
witli
Fa'
Cl.un^
il
fiy
Inspector of
inifjosed
,i;
T'c^r.rncAL
n.vY
Yiian^
Registrar
delivers orders of
There
charoed
Inspector-General
a C"li:Hicerv esta1)lislied at
is
)uadc
is
uj) of
(lie
1.
Inspectorate
^^*^^'
IB Ek
^^
r'i)orts of reviews), 4.
p1
'^-
Clilh' '\'u.in',
S^"'
of daily
uj)
|| H] |4
^1^''
Treasurer (one).
^^
Tu' Lieu'
Tu' Lien* Ch'u\ or
pff
f>|^
^^
Kung' So\ Committees for I)i-illing Troops (former designation),
09.5.
<.)
Provincial Staff of
to arrau're the
oruanizatiou and
(iovcrnor-(iencraI
'/?
nmi&mCh.-n* Ta'
Chief
(ioveiiior of
;/<
Hi
all
provinces
the
of divisions ol
new
of
the
(as
undei-
or
In
the
sui)ervision
Tu' I'an*).
69.-.A.
J':.n'
estahlished
diilliiig
troops.
^^i^
New Troops:
^^ ^^
Tn'
-K
Ch'en\ or \\ Wt
Hsiin*
<.r
f^
Chvn'
Ta'
I'i^^"'
'1'-'^
I?-
Staff of
Lien'
Ml iS 5^ 1^^. iU
imn' Ko*
Ln*
<
Metropolitan
Circuit
^ fS
<
I'o-t
clearer,
(or,
<"'''
"''!"'
"hen*
'
''='''
^'i^
j'l'
Shih*
al)oli>hed
'^^'*
'''"'
L*),
In
tht;
Mini.try of
War).
[
w:>
^q
f^Q^x
and Inspectors.
694.
692
696
to
698
On
696.
^ ^
Adjutants, 5t ^
Adviser,
Wen'-
An'*,
# li
Secretary,
Ts'ani I* Kuani,
'g*
f|
Yiian'
Sui^
Ch'ing'
^ i ^
Cooks.
The
is
Manchuria alone
post exists in
(see
of
report
^^
-{H;
^j Hsu^
which,
The
The
Offices are
(see jSTos.
Jl 1^
arranged in three
turn, are subdivided into ^jj. K'o^, or j^
Staff
under
is
|I|
Proctors,
officials
or
fl{-
there are
Wen2 An*,
^ ff Pang^ Pan*
f^ ja || Pangi
T'i^
^^
and ;^ ^
:
are designated
as:
3UM
General
(see
Ts'ani
Mou^
3.
|;^
^^
1.
fii
these
Shu\ Writers
Ch'ingi
^^
Tiao\ Assistant
Offices,
Sections.
K'o^
Secretaries,
offices
l\a'',
The
Ch'u'',
(the
'
Quartermaster-
No. 700).
698.
&f
orders
Manchuria) into
five
Sections:
[
304
1.
^-
It
J^J
fi|.
is
subdivided
K'ao' Kungi
K-oS
fi^
^4
698a
(Preparation),
3.
^q
."Section
Keadiuess
of
Section
K'o',
IV'i^
h-ou'-
M]
^ f4
M f^ ^4
omniissariat Section, 4.
<
5.
|JI
f-j-
Chili-
Fa^ K'o\
.hidicial Section.
()dS.\.
.)!
desio;nated differently
^^
Section, and !^
Chiin'
of the
provinces of Sonth C-hina the Office
1.
the following Sections
lnspcctor-(ieneral (sf/' So. 69S) has
i\nd
of
of
Section
1'^^*^
^^"'
Troops
^'o'?
Organization
n't ^'4
In
tJ'JHn.
th(!
Battle
and
Section,
3.
2.
Prepaiation,
^^
Jig
-^
^3f
Chih*
fif
Ching*
Li=*
Fa'
K'o',
Judicial
Commissariat
K'o>,
Section.
099.
Ht^
it?
Sections:
-
..'/J
Vnn* Shu'
T.-'r'
'
^U^ W,
if'
^^o"'
^^^^'^'''
<'>'''^'
administration
and compiles
collects
^^
'^^'ao'
K 'o'.
^"'^''' l'^'^*''
Intelligence Section,
."..
^; f\
of
Mou'
Office
1.
i*r f'i
head
its ])r(>per
statistical military
states.
the
Avith
n.aster-Cieneral,
Tsnng-^ Pan*, at
J^ Ts'an'
In
some other
f|l!]
|&
'!"'''''
JH^
in
tin'
|.r<.\uice;4
H"''
'^"
T"l"'j;i-;'l'l''"i'
Section.
699l;.
In the pn)\inccs of
Ollii'c
of
the
'3
'^'i^"'
tlrou'
K-o',
Strategical
and
Transport
699b
700
iQ
Section, 2.
and
3.
J|lJ
ff
J^
Chief (and
Office
KW,
^^"^^*
$kW.M
Ts'e^Hui*
f^j-
^^^
'^^^-
702
^ f^
^^
supervises
Topographical Section.
^^"^''^
^^'"''
Office
Military
Chiao^
li il
HsLjeh^
Ping'
Wu* K'o\
Section of Instruction, 2.
K'oS Section
of Eevision,
4.
f^
[fj^
3.
^l\
^^
It
S^ ^ f^
&
^ ^^ Hsiao*
jfJf
1.
Pien^
K'o\
of Coast Defence.
700a.
is
styled
^^^
Ku^
MILITARY PRISONS.
70 L
sanctioned by the
are of two types
under the
War
Law see
of
No.
=^{J
supervision of the
432 and
2.
They
||
Department
of Military
702.
Following
Military Prison
is
300
^ it M
^^-
SiL
J5
is
fi'J
Cliien^
liiia"^
Hu^ Ping'
15-
@>J
^ ;1
1.
Shu^
Ssir
Hu* Mu^
Tsu^ Warder
see
or
Supervisor- (4a
oa),
Chang',
Assistant Prison Supervisor (.3a or Ga
I' Teng-a
Teng^ Chien^
Fu%
^li^
(ranks as ^ @
4.
'^l^*^''
Prison
nl.^^
8.
one),
^'hien^
Zl^ ^^'
Ki-1>*
No. 665), 5.
as
2nd
Class
of the
|f JS
(ranks
Huo^ F\i\ Cook.
No. 665), and 6. -j/c
;
see
'M
M.
P'^i'
<^'1'0^
Yiian^,
Deputed
Officials:
If^g
of Sentries, 2.
^^B
703.
^'''''^'
I^u'
<^'l"'^n'
'^'"'''
(-'1''"?'
r^ :i:
the
of
the
Line);
organization of
Military Police ((jendannerie
this
body was
regulations for
first
its
brought forward
in
u])
by the ^Tinistry
War
of
object of
duties.'
The
ing of
(Mif!
!^^^
first
War
(see
No.
a Memorial from
Company.
4S0*,
tJt
were oiganizcd
)[?{
in
7I 4t
to the nunihcr of
one
Tiu*,
^'"'"' ^J"''
7'J i^f
#^
:^07
is
to
l>c
703
^O
^qSa
I'KESENT
704
to
705
established
in
the
for
PekiiiL!,-
of
the
of
supervision
provincial
iind3i-
War.
^WW^W^^ M
704.
Lu^
One
1.
W '^
1^
{see
661),
2.
One ^k
Xo. 663),
{sec
3.
Tthree, confomiing4,
^p ^
the
number
Chilr Shih^
'g*
Tiil^
|5^ "g*
Company Adjutant
Chang^,
companies;
Sergeants
see
No.
{see
No.
(three,
8.
No. 661),
12
g
gi]
conforming to
"^su^ Wu'*
Wi
(six,
p\
conforming
12 jg
7.
661),
No. 661j,-0.
6.
663),
Company Commander
of companies; see
Commander
of platoons; see
Battalion Adjutant
KuanS
Kuan^,
number
to the
No.
Mu^
Cheng-^
number
to the
Fu'
of
Seylor
M\\\ Junior
%%^
g^
see
Fi\e
n]
Eight
ic
-^ i^
No. 675),
18.
15.
|-"
xMa'^ I'
Ping',
Five
^^
^@
Thixe^^}
17.
Ssu^
J' Ping',
24
12 ^/f
P:|^^
Huo^
WW
P'ar
(hang',
2^
'|g
11^
}fg
fU-l]
Platoon
lunul.or of platoons;
..rr
Commander
No. G61),
[
;308
3.
J
(two,
confoi-ming
One ^, f^
to
tlic
Ssu' Wu-^
Comi)any
Chang',
Adjutant
(see
No.
4.
663),
Four j
Four gjj
706
g
g
Cheng''
Fu^
9.
Mu\
Stableman
Senior
B.
P||
j jjH:
Fauf/ Tui):
Ffsfoi
Troops;
see
No. 665).
to
I'
706.
vincial
(see
Reserve Forces (
^ S Ping',
^ ^ liu* Ping\
^ @ Ma^ Fu^
Eight
^^
12.
Four
^
Two
One
One ,1
In
tlie
troo])S of the
line.
to
tlie
Ch'ieu-',
II)
Vanguard, f^
Ii(.u',
may
five)
Uear-Guard,
r|^
riuuig'.
Centre
The complement
it
must
W)\
iiifautiy
battalion
Com|)anie8, of eight
made up
and
The
\\
of nine
j^
is
Detachment
of a
exceed 10
consists
WM
of:
three
c)!'
men
to a battalion
[
30!)
is
;'ni.
(iff
Shao^
I\a<h Phitoon
general nuMibcr
compare
l-(
is
Class,
lb;Mbii;iii\
Each cavalry
706a
to
of four
706b
^^^^ jE
^^
706a.
of the following
Command
One
One
1.
2.
ommander,
^ |g
^ ^^
of. a
Orderlies (Privates
see
No. 665),
Shu^ Chi*
Hui'' Chi*
fj- ^||*
Chih^
Shih*
Kuan',
^ %^
Ssu' Shu'
Sheng',
Pien*,
g,
8.
Ma^
Fourteen^
9.
Two \f^
Convoy
^12*^
1^
^i
Two
7.
664),
One
One
3.
4.
No.
consists.
Lu^)
Kuan\ Detach-
(^
T'ung^ Ling'^
"g*
Detachment,
Kuan', Secretary (see No. 664),
Clerks
of
ff* ;^
numbers
usually
A division
in
made up
is
Shih"^
ment
Squadrons.
k^hao'*,
Each Squad
Mounted
-^
7061^
P"^ Tui*
1^
2:
General Staff of a battalion of infantry 1.
:
Tai*
Commander
Kuan', Battalion
T'
Ying^ Chih'
One
No.
{see
i^
'g*
2.
661),
Chih*,,
Kuan'
II|^
number
Second
of companies
in
number
see
Command
of companies
No. 706),
of
see
3.
Company
No. 706),
(three,
4.
(If
to
24 ff
Shao* Chang',
conform to the
Shih- Change,
5.
(see
6.
One 1;
fE
7.
Five WI
8.
One
No. 678),
(compare
No.
Sergeant
(see
Ku' Hao*
Mu\
Six
^ ^ ^
Ku'i Hao*
678),
No.
665),
One
0.
11.
216 jg i.
No. 66 1)^
^ ^
9.
'g'
the
16
12.
ff
310
24 f^
No. 680).
[
Signd
Ping',
Hu*
Hu*
Sergeant
(see
Signalmen,
Mu*,
Convoy
Ping',
Convoy
Huo'
Fu', Cooks
l^'RKSKNT
^.B ^ Z
"(6c.
Commander
Squadron
'i'"i'
^^1'^'
rlilj
^^
One
I.
Xo. 661), 2.
to conform
(ire
(ihree,
Ving-^ Ciiih'
I'
ChihS
Kuan' Tai*
'g*
nf^'^ Shao^
number
the
to
Kuan\
of
706),
squadrons;
Uf^ ;g Shao* Cliang^ Second in
Conunand of a Squadron (thne, conforming to the numljcr of
see
to the
(conforming
Chrng^
Five
^ It
One ^^
No. 661),
6.
7.
the
of
1st Class
(5^^
^i
Si
^''
i'k
Mu^^
Convoy
Sergeant
(see
No.
660),
11.
Ping',
Convoy
Privates
(see
No.
66a),
12.
Hv.^
^J
16
II vr^
J'"^'
(-ooks
P'"'.
For pprtitulars
No. 680),
{see
and 135
8.
Mu\
Hao^
M^
^'^ IJ
fj'
of squads
^
^
-||
-p-]
12
4.
number
Privates
Ping',
Oue ^i IE
O"*-'
No, TOG),
see
squadrons;
3.
Jso.
as
,1|
horses.
the -^
{^'^
Reserve Forces
to
Stail" of
12
13.
f^^
\>/'j
in
TIsun"
Manclnuia,
Shui'
Shih'
Province
t\ Jk
Kmi)eror
<Mi
Fiftli
{\\\
7<)t;
j,
having a
Iluit^
llfl
fllj
ChS'-u"
"h'i'-t'ai'',
Thr
1908.
<
the
by
'hihiS S(|iKulron,
iji
-JDT^
arc
siib-divided
into
live
Shao' consists of
crew of six
Fu",
At
?f'^
whifli, in turn,
Chung',
lui*,
"^h
accordance with a
in
Vj
V^
Hifl
Fang'
organized
piji
Jell
llsiin-
Governor
late
is
^'~-
Jr.
3^^
(;ight
Ping'
j;|J
-fJ^
each
Shao'*
iiff
IIou^
sec
Noi
Fii', Privates
(one acts
Jis ^fe
}^
Cook) each.
the
head of
each
2 10
^,
Yirrg'
mh n)
[
811
there
]
(coi sisting
is
<{^>
(f
4l)
Kuan*
])oat?,
'i'ai*,
706c
to
708
Flotilla
boat (called
^^
Kuan^ Chang^,
j^Hj
Officers,
him on
to
his
own
Kuan^
206 boats)
(of
The
and 38 Privates.
K'uai'*
253 Officers
is
all.
MILITARY SCHOOLS.
In the general regulations for
708.
^^
!p!
Lu* Chiin^
gl'
drawn up by the
the Army and sanctioned
forth the
Army
On
for training
officers
for
the
New
Junior
Grade,
Hsiao^
Hsiieh-
here
The course
School.
of three
^^
to the
in
the
PI
!i: Pfi
infantry
transport)
as
(or
students called
Cadetsjoin
cavalry,
of
private
tlie
^?:
or troops
engineers
Class
1st
A lS ^ Lu*
^ fl Pigi
||
i
[?1
artillery,
the
and
sergeant,
Wu^ Sheng\
Ju*
Ohiin^
Kuan^
of
the
Hsiieh'^
T'ang^
half.
When
title
of
Jp
'g*
Hsiieh^ Hsi-
Kuan',
period of six months, after
which they return to the school for examination. Those who
[
312
attain
intino-
satisfactory
in
examination
tlie
(see
No.
may
join
Ta^
two vears
duratif)n,
title
for
7()8a.
Academy,
on
and,
to
^^
institution,
No. 184l).
who wished
those
to
inilitarv
-with
Ching," Classics,
1k)w,
in
"the
lifting
in
1901
and
weight''
skill in riding, in
in
drawing
Th.ese
fencing.
No. 629i)).
{.see
^^
709.
j|:
Junior Grade
Manchu
three
years.
and at
The
for
the
th"
conditions) iind
local
on the
90
from
'27\]\
attendance
is
j)ermissil)le.
In
addition
CliineKc
education
(ethics,
geographv,
\n
litcsraturc,
is
(he
I'chruary,
300
to
students
of
[if.J
:ujd
1 .J
suhjects of
history,
the
of
Keorganization
I^npei-oi-
varies
cru-ollment
Cdependenl on
their adnnnistration,
Regulations for
(larrisons.
^
18
geneial
uialheinatics,
of military stMences.
Tsung
1,
(>p
I'an*,
{?,V
\\'-
Supervisor.
has
:'.l-
lli.re is
snl.ordin.ilcd
On.-
|;i
g)j|]
708a
of
(IGl).
the
definitely
Commanders
Companies or Platoons
aie
i^J}\
to
him:
T'i- Tiao*,
709
709a
to
^^
]E$k M.
3.
Inspector,
Cliiao^
Cheng*
Yiian^
TeacherSy
"*
(Chu'*) Chiao* Yiian'^, Assistant Teachers
i'J (-Oi/^ ^^
not
(at a school with an enrollment of 300 students there are
more than 26 Teachers and Assistant Teachers), 5. Nine Jp
^"*
^^^
as
(acting
also
Yuan-,
Teacher
Secretary,
8.
Treasurer,
9.
^^
Three
#M
H^^
JE^
An*,.
Wei'
hih'
Ying*
Ssu^
Shih*,
K'u*
Ssu^
Shih%
^^
Ssu^
Shu\
Clerks,
Pien*, Messengers,
13.
^j
"fi]
Wen^
Chih^
^ Jm
^ j$
Ch'ai^
^ ^
One
7.
^
^
Wu*
Kuan^
^ ^ Fu^
40
14.
with
Three
Knan', Surgeon
^^^o^^^
j^
Ij^
%'
Hygiene),
One
One
One
10.
Steward,
of
f^
One
I*,
Yiian^,
Two
^&
Servants.
Pei^
course
Preparatory
covering 2 to 3 years.
establishment of schools of this type took place previous to
Scliool
The
the
advanced
to
ii IlK f^^
isee No. 711a')
The Wu^
into
Primary
^^^
the
Hsiieh'- T'ano:^
'&
aoed
to
28 years
^"' Ch'eng'
jSIilitaiy
20
were
Lu* Chun
m^fi^^^.
to be established
in
T'ang^
ip:
School
$
for
'g-
J^
^ Lu*
^lilitary
[
Officers;
314
for
those
Hsueh^
who have
school
711a
to be established at
is
1^
ii
Ip:
School for
T'ang^,
j3c
^^
Tai-*
with
Officers
Military
Hsiielr
(oiuse;
A})ridgc(l
a(co)'dance with
established
in
of
War,
19(),j,
is
1,140 and the course of studv extends over two \eai< and a
in
at
half, or
general education
is,
as instruction
half,
is
not, supplied.
or
I'
make
Pan*)
course
a half ciuiisc
^^
Krh*
Ti*
(^Zl!f
siilijccts
of
55
the
in
Pan^)
study
subjects
of
half
gcYieral
education for one year and military sciences during the remaining
On
in
a hnlf
satisfactory completion of
head
the
the
of
Oiie
2.
^-
^>"'^
Fu*
'Pi' Tiao',
JE
^P^
Chu' Chiao*
!).
^p
^Jp
I
'jij*
Mi'-',
'y'
S^lj
Yuan'',
P'ai'
Assistant
in all
()Hic(Ms
^ ^ Cheng'
Chien'
H.
with
Tn',
Inspector,
.').
JE
hien' Tii',
One
-1.
Viee-I)ire<-toi>
Teachers,
I?^ fj*
Five
7.
Tni'
Kimn',
|f|c
.^ij^gj^
<'h'rig'
Chiefs,
10
jE
Fu'
'J'-i' ''i'''"^
Military
()i:e
Assistant Tns|ector,
Section
Commanders
|l^) ^J)^
fi\\^j^
^-'^"'"f.''
Yiian', Teachers, 6.
Chang',
^^
the designation
for
i*^'chool
Ilsiieh^ Hsi-
At
tlu'
with
Tiii',
|;f
jijj
j^;
hiao*
Ifk
Li
KS)'
C.mi.any
Company),
l'lato.,1.
th.iv are
[
:50
:'.i;.
IMato...!^ in all),
1
I".
IT.
Ic
71lB
to
711c
Cheng*
Hsiieh^
11.
companies),
Insti-nctors
II
(20
Kuani,
all;
Sin-geons
No.
compare
* ;^
gij
in
Surgeons,
Hsueh^
V^^'
10
being
Chang^
Assistajrit
Two
Ml
^^V
Four
13.
709),
14.
(10 there
Instructors
Challg^
^^^'
'U
Sheng',
^'
Knani,
Assistant
Veterinary'
Hsiielr Cheng*
^I'
JE Wi m.
Surgeons (acting also as ^%
of
Teacher
Chiao* Yiian^
Veterinary Sciences, and M^IOlJlM
Ma' Hsiieh^ Fu* Chiao* Yiian^ Assistant Teacher of Veterinary
- ^ ^ fg
One
Sciences), lo.
Secretary of the 1st
Class,
Three
18.
Treasiu-er,
Ij^
^^"^"^
^
of
Ml
Wei-''
M^M
Horses,
Stewards,
22.
Overseers
of
Yao* Ssu'
Shcng\
^ Ui ^ W
W
i^
Accoutrements,
S]iih%
Erh*
Class,
^
of
,E JE
^M
Horses,
I^^^^^^'
Three
20.
^^^'^^^'
^^i"g*
Ssu^
-^
K"'^"'
I^'"'
^s^'
S^'^'*"*'
23.
Two
^^
^^
Kuan'
16
24.
Pharmacists,
^^
>^
^^^i^^"'
Ssu^
Shu^
Clerks, etc.
^#^^
71115.
for
Three
2nd
the
]SIa" Fn'^
Three
H ^ ^ fg 1*
of
One
19.
Inspector
Yiian^,
Tvnan^
21.
^'^^^^^
^M
glj
Ma' Cheng"
Three
Secretaries
Kuan^
ll^^IE^M
One
17.
Chi*
Shn^
Teng'
'g'
16.
Officers
Military
instituted
the provinces of
in
Chihli
(;}[:
jf Ht
#P^
I'ei'
^ it ^
711c.
Instruction
high rank
in
120.
appointments
(^hiang^^
instituted at
the
is
Wn'
Or
completion
of the
New Army
I'lJESliXT
zatiou of the
Anuy
is
T'ang' of
5\)7
The piojjranmie
studies
cf
siinihu-ly
the
to
^ ^ f^
59o\) and
fh
K'o'
Shih^
It"
Kuan'
I^i'
(see
# g ^ 'M
^^^
71 Id.
^ ^;
The two
Sui-'
Ying-
h\tter
are
\^^
-^ :k
l''t;n'
llsiieh"-
Sergeants.
gg .^
officers,
"So.
OK CHINA.
A TlOX
miliit'jv
i^sea
/,
#^^
)^
Hupeh
Kuan^
ll>ueh-
No.
the
ami
C'hihli
for
i'lnu'tion,
No. TOS).
(arc
that of
simihxr to
for
training
soldiers
for
the
Chiin^
Ta^
Hsiieh^ T;ang',
])()sitl()n
of
siei-cjeant.
712.
Academy,
Military
Mou-
Lu'
|^ i^
^ ^ ^^ ^ ^
Lu^
drawn
in
ai.so
u[
by the Committee
19().>, this
school
By
regulations
Reorganization of the
to
is
for the
Ts-an'
hiin'
Armv,
to
is
be
At
year.s.
Chien'
Tu',
Tsuiig^
(.'iiiao'
He
Director.
iisi-,
be .assisted by:
will
Sienior
theie will
Academy
2.
Professor,
Chiao^
Ilsi'^,
-Ivl-
Secretary
'g'
(>/'
X'}1
ChiueEe
'S' 1''^'"'
above,
I'
of
[l
;j:(^
Tsuan' Kuan',
ffj
:^ l{
Kuan', Surge(fi,
;ibvc),
y.
of
i^i
}}
rt.
,ij
u'
!jj
Ch'ing'
jl;^
1^
.3.
Wei'
I'
^'
ng*
Iviian',
Chiaiig\
W'iir
;
and
same time
the
^>[ ^-J
ediu:!ti<>n
(liu"
^JC
C'h<
;5.
l''an'
Pidol'-rcader
as
Hg
^^
jE
Wm-
(acting at
serving
'IVa-
P.-\ isor),
1.
Inspector,
general
Ilan'
^y
l.itei'ature
(^ginuiltan^ously
fi.
sciences
4.
Translators),
Profcrs.sor
of
I'rofi'ssors
special militar\
a ^'
!'
as
An',
coiupare-
Yiian', St.uard, 7.
I|
Shu',
h'rk,
10.
Mj:
jjjg
Shu
71lD
to
712
713a
to
Y13
Writer,
ShihS
Orderlies, 12.
^ -^
11.
.Pf)
Ma^
Mu^
Ch'aii
Ma^
:Mu*,
14.
Messengers,
and 15.
Fu^
Printers,
712a.
5^
'q-
Mounted Petty
Mounted Orderlies, 13.
Jjjlj
^^
^ ^^ Chiini
I^,
fP]
Shua^
jg
Yin^
Chiang%
Kuan^ Hsiielr
ment
Militar}'
Academy
T'ang^, Military
Previous to the establish-
(sfc
Xo. 712)
this institution
No.
serves as the school for training officers for staff posts (see
It
184l).
is
Servants.
Start' Officers
of the
Officer
Pien*,
(.sy'(?
No.
supplementary
were sanctioned by the Emperor on the
6th September of the same year.
1909
tration in
these
For enrollment
in
this
are
there
college
well-
accepted
of
corresponding grade),
examination in Chinese
and
test
school
(or
the
of
foreign
languages,
general
ii J^
?-'[
>}
m'^mlW^^
713.
Ln^
<^l^u'
Ivuei^
Chou^ Hsiieh'
Ileorganization of the
19th October,
Army
(sanctioned by the
Emperor on
the
foi-
The
militarv service.
dm-ation of the
it
to three years).
The
enrollment
is
Sections,
school
the sons of
ai-e
40 students each.
of
1.
Eligible
Princes, 2.
[
-1
foi-
in three
Pan^
adrdssion to the
3.
25
civil
The age
18 to
first
rating
yeai"?.
not
is
in
the
army
War
as
^^
enrolled
Ministry of
to the provinces as
as lieutenants,
are
attached
to
the
{see
j ^\j
Those who graduate with the second rating are enrolled in
the army as sub-lieutenants, are attached to one of the Ministries
^'1^'i' ^'i^' ^''^' '^'''el>' ^^^^^^\ (sec No. 293) or
as 4:
n"
Illili
pa
<i^
At
^M
<irawn up by
^]
of the 3rd Degree,
^*ei' l^ii'
the
Tsai'
Jun\
superintendent
of
Prince
Tsai Jun,
the
school,
and
Nobles there
Chun'
Kiiei'
appointed
is
-^f
if p^
^ ^ ^ ^ Kuan'
gt
]g:
Li''
Lu^
from
(if
Dire(!tly
{see No.
P'u
T'ling'
Preceptor
llsiieh'
IlHueh'
(.'hiao*
(549),
('liiao^
Cheng*
Fn*
No.
(see
V? iS
3.
Yiian',
^i^ m'l
Yuan', Assistant
fl-
^U
1.
Director
JE
Ji
Tradicrs of
j!^^
'"'"'
'1''""K'
Tcailicrs of .suhjccts ol
general education (there are six T< im-Ikts and Assistant Tea'liera
ll-ii.h' Cbiao*
i'inThree
Viian*,
all), 5.
in
IJC
j^
Teachers of military sciences, (J.
[
One
:5i:>
jj^
[-!f
'|V
Cheng*
I'
Kuan',
713a
wj^
to
715b
S.
Two
7.
Surgeon,
-^
gi]
Three Teachers
Xo.
(sec
Two
Interpreters, 9.
Fu'*
'g'
^5:
IE
|Jc
Two
^^
Six
literature, 11.
:^ ~X
S'J
W.
Cliai^
tories
H^
^
^g
doing duty as
Clerks,
g ic
[1
HJi]
prjT^ Men-
714.
tlie
^-
iS
Hao*
Pien%. Messengers,
^ f^
20.
Fu' 1%
Servants).
there are
Army
2.
[if
still
to
Men-
Tni" Chuan'
Pii'
School,
Infantry
|""3
established
1)e
Hsiielr T'ang
^^
Ma^Tui4
Chuan^
'^-
n ^ .^
to the
Eeoi'ganization of the
Special
^j^
^Vatchmen, and
Watchmen and
According
-"^W Vf
Tavo
17.
(Ui'ai'
Four
16.
Printers,
Y'in",
Attendants,
Three
Ting',
Shua'
pp
Hospital
Ping',
C.II< i^ PI
Special
^^
Artillery
To
School.
these
the
army
will
of
ofHcers
institutions
prefecting themselves.
For the
715.
of
the
schools
ivwpy
there
are
the
^^^ ^
715a.
'vi"-
Cliiin'
Hsiielr
1'
T'ang^
Military
is
styled
I^
I'
iastance,
I'
it
715!'..
Shou'
following-
branches
I^ IlsiJeli-
Ilsueh'^
f^j
i^
T'ang-,
Military
Veterinary
Hsiielr T'ang^;.
r
-^20
Schools
'M.
(for
Chi.n' Shou*
I'UIiSEXT
"l'^^'-
UAY
^^
ORGANIZATION OF CHINA.
I'Ol.ITJCAL
^^ '^
Slu-ng' Hsiieh"
^^^^'i'
T'ang^ Military
Schools)
^^
r^
"^
Shcng' Ilsiioh- T'ang-.
7151).
1^
fif fe
Jp:
^^
f,g
LHiJ
MW
^ ik
Jp 'M Ps
llsiich-
T'ang'),
or
T'ang",
Schools
for
M^^
|t
Draftmen
i|l]
Lu^
Ilsueli*
instance,
San'
Peking
Ts'c* Hui^
Cluin^
Hui'
Ts'e^
^1;
(for
Ilui'
No. 184h).
715e.
M ^ ^
t^
in
Ts'c^
^^^'^^'i''
men
(Jendarnierio
;
}^^?^'^
71'3i--
'^^ii'g'
j^
No. 703).
(sec
for
Wel^
(lor instance, at
^^lili'
^^1''"?'
Chiin'
Ilsiieh'
Manchuria,
Hui^ Hsi.eh'^
\M It ^^
Tung'
Shcng'
Both are under the control of the (ieneral Staff
T'ang'-).
Police
Chfin^ Ts'e'
T.u^
Draftsmen
Yang' Lu^
^''"^^
Hsiich^
ring^
(sre
T'ang%
In
Manchuria,^
^^
X ^^'
I'ii'g'
Technical Schools.
The
716.
dcs])atcli of military
students abroad
is
carried
Hcorgani/ation of
chosen
for
the
Army
al)road
study
1904 and
in
their
(on
There
190,3.
of
satisfaction
are
certain
I.
\Vu' Pel*
I.n*
ft
Hsiieh'^
T'ang- (sec
jT^ j]L
i^iilH ^/:
Jij
/jJc
^^^
f^
f^
^^
Vj
J.
Chung'
3.
Those
studying
at
Hannermcn
"{*
^'/:
'!'^
No. 713)-
I^"'
sch(ols,
<-'l'i'"'
and
:iiiil
Military
[
21
\^^ "3^
(srr
students.
the
T'ang-
-'l
;\ttac!i<"i.
<
)n
their
<if
the
return to
715o
^O
y^Q
717
+Q
y^y
War and,
f^
Yu^ Teng', J^
^ Chungi Teng;^
tp
first class
Fu*
and
third
degree of
g|j
|^
Those attaining the second
classes
On
all
Jen-
Chii^
fi
Lu*
m^
i?^
^3f
Pingi K'o\
and 5.
4.
KW,
3.
Hsieh'^
is
Chiin^
conferred the
^ ?^
|^
{see
KV,
MW-^^
2.
f^"
"$
^ ^ ^\
MW-X^^^
^ ^ f g
House and
of
in
^^
instituted
virtue of
by
^^
Pa^
Ch'i^).
717a.
for
Therr
Clansmen
Peking
of
are
the
at
present
Imperial
House
322
the
following
and
schools
Barmermen
at
Amu ^ m ^
1
Clnng' Shlh^ Tsungi
>Hm'^^^^MM
Shih* Chueh^ Lo^ Pa^ Ch'i- Kao^ Teng' Hsiieh^ T'ang^ Higher
School for Clansmen of the Imperial Hoiise and Bannermen, at
.
Aliddle i^chool
2.
Hsiao^
programme
No. 583b).
A M M ^
]:iglit
risiieh^ T^ang",
Bannermen
{see
is
(title
Hs'ieh^
AM
15
3.
^b^'M,
Pa^
Schools
Teng Hsiao^
the Junior Grade for
<^^li'i'
of
Ch'u^
^]
i-
Primary
T'ang'',
Bannennen
^i
ffi
H Ml >h
4^
Wu' Vn'
Nei^
Sani
Ch'i-
Banners
(see
No. 97).
i&i^'t^^h^'^
">'
T'ang', Primary
{see
No.
<^-l"en*
73ft).
^^
Ying2 Hsiao*
T'ang', Primary School for the Artillery and Musketry
of the Banners (see No. 737).
'X
(y-
717i'..
O;
^iS
^-
<i^
Schools
rrisons (see
established
Garri.sons
at
"j^
,].
I)i\ ision
Manclni
^^
Clm*
Kao'
Provincial
the
Junior, and
Hsiich'
Ch'i'
lI"o3
Similarly to
'Jf
common
Ch'n' Ti'ng',
IJANNFF^ F0RCn5.
^l^!Light
AlHi
Banners
''a'
'''''%
Divisions).
[
Bamxr
'Jlie.se
L>3
composed
of the
the
des-
717b
to
<
cendants o
Ta
1.
first
Emperors
of the
I7th century,
subjects of the
('hinese
2.
Manchus, and
time
who
by
divided^
conquest.
nationalities,
^
^
Ch'i2,
Ch'i^,
Troops,
2.
Yellow,
2.
IE
1.
AM
ij^
3.
Bordered
at the
Manchu Banner
C'h'i^
Kharach'in
3.
Manchus
the
of
^^^'"8"' ^^^^
^A^
'M
Han* Chlin^
^ ^
under
Hsiang^ Huang^
^'
^ ;^
Pa^
Cheng^ Huang^
Ch'i^,
jE S i^
;^ Hsiangi Pai^ Ch'i^, Bordbred White, 5. JEt\LM
Hsiang^ Hung^
Cheng* Hung2 Ch'i^, Plain Red, 6.
Lan^
Bordered
7.
Ch'i2,
Red,
Ch'iS Plain
^lieng'
Plain
4.
Yellow,
Cheng* Pai'
3.
MK'M
JE^M
Blue,
and
The three
Ch'i',
tlie
8.
first
fUMM
Hsiang^ Lan^
mentioned are called the
Ch'i^,
-"
Bordered
Blue.
'^hang* San^
From
styled:
1.
^^
g^ |^ Chu*
Metropolitan Banner Forces, and 2.
Banner
No.
Garrisons
below
743).
(see
Fang^,
The Metropolitan Banner Forces are sub-divided into :
Ching^
Ch'i^,
^-
P^
particulars,
^ci*
see
Household,
97), and 2.
Ch'i^,
No.
or
^|>
Inner,
;^
Banners
(for
Banners.
^^M
Chih^
Nien'
"J) is
appointed annually.
[
324
The
^ J
ISo.
'^'
contingent of
cliieE
Hsiao^
97i5),
and
Banner Forces
tlic
is
the so-called
C'h'i"
is
The
of
representatives
the
three
nationalities
a peculiar caste
composing the
or military clique
holding
the power
<'l*^-
are
24 of
{see
Xo.
1b.
There
7 18;.
as
sec
^20.
Cn-neral
of
th.'
6i'J
'J'"'
48
T'iu)g\
In all
Deputy
Lieutcnant-
For particulars as
720a.
acting
as
Gcncral
niJ
'.)k.
to
ihc
glj
^I'j
1"'"'
T"' '^''""g\
Militarv
Assistant
Li(.'Utenant-(ieru'rals
Dejvity
srr
1''"*
^^
'J'here are
2a.
?^)
of
iiroviiicial
and
as
Maiidiu
(lanisoiis
l.ing*,
Adj-itanl-
74.'>.
f^ -^
m15
'i'hcrc are
Viii'
two
[
Wu'
T.s^m'
to cacli of the 2
325
Banners (except
719
^0
oi
722
to
Mongol, which
the
haA^e
722.-
729
li
command
in
^ # fl
They
are appointed
No. 722).
Hsiao^
Ch'i''
o a sub-division or
Ts'an^
gflj
Banner.
sub-divisions to each.
723.
Fu*
@IJ^,!1#^I
Lieutenant-Colonel
4a
Hsiao^
Ch'i^
Ts'an^
Ling%
No. 722).
724.
5b
fp
#^^
Wu*
Yin^
^ m^^
Chang'
Ching^,
Assistant-Adjvitant.
Of officers of this
726.
i |g Tso' Ling% Captain; 4a.
rank there are from 70 to 80, in each of the Manchu Banners,
and from 30
charge
of
Each
is
their
Hsiin' Chin* or as
in
In
to
Banners.
some 70
"l
^ ^ ff
^^
726 a,
This
^^
title
ip
wa.-:
ifi
formerly
not
completely
{see
No. 726) of
727.
1^
^^
less
,1^
almost
if
companies
Y^
{see
Ch'i"
drawn upon
Hsiao*,
to
fill
Lieutenant;
the post of :^
6a.
?|^
No. 799).
^Wlii^:f$
Wei'
Shu*
Sub-Lieutenant; 8b.
729.
it is
It designated Captains of
obsolete.
728.
in use
^ fg Ling'
Ts'uii, Corporal.
[
326
Hsiao^
Ch'i^
Hsiao*
"^^'-
Ml
"<^1-
^^^^^
Ml
15:
found
is
in
| Hslao^ Ch'i*.
^^ ^
fhe
^^
^ W 1^
"^--
'J
Yii"*
Yang-'
Ao^ Krh'
^^
^ ^|
Chia', or
or
;]U
P)^
733.
Ma'
732a.
Large
Supernumeraries,
Ping',
divisions,
liiie
(sec
follows:
as
^^^
1.
tlu*
Chihi^ Ying',
^^
^^
Chien* Jui*
''^
(see No. 737), .3.
Musketry
j)c fit i^ Hu
Ying2, The Light Division (see No. 738), 0.
for
Hunts
'I'he
Marksmen
(Jh'iang' Ying^,
'J'iger
(see No. 739),
Division
'
I'P
No.
l*a'
(^
the
Hu'
r.aiiner
The
Ch'u',
Shang'
ni lit
Yii-
him' Ying",
Force
(see
'^'le
I'ei^
Yiian
No. 741/,
9.
'^'"^>'
7:54.
f;^^'^
IIu'
designation,
to
tlii>
is
Hsiang' Tao<
jM
^^l '^.
;/y;
was
Chiin-
10.
'^^
'J'a^
Pa-\a-la,
(see
^' ''''"'
\uaii Division of
Ming
and
^^'"^^'
(see
f^ iilH )\] j^;
Yung' Ch'u', The Imperial liimting Dt-pait-
No. 742a>.
former designation
'i'he
No. 742),
(iuides
(see
(common
y'^ng;\
mm\s\/\iMm'^-'^
8.
740),
Ch'i^
''1''^
'"^li'-"^
'i-}
the special
[
ainhiti
^527
"ii
>!'
w.is
in
730
^q
Xo. 718).
{sre
at
Ukesen), Private of
(Maiichuniin
rank
^'^''^^
Also called
exchanged
um;.
tin-
iji
Admi.-sion
real
nin-JK
of
734
734a
#jQ
ly^K
Bannermen
The
degree.
whom
to
of Peking,
substantial increase in
it
it is
to furnish
T'ung^
1-
Captain-General
Ling^,
MW-W^l
Hu*
104).
^ ^^ /^ |
is
detachments
This division
and each
of one
Chiin^
other ranks
are
Ts'ani
Chiin^
The
(2a).
Hu^
^^#
U^^
3.
Manchus),
681 Mongols
Shu^
('liun^
Mongols and 80
32
Lieutenant
Hsiao'',
Manchus),
4.
mM^
735.
is
Ch'ien^
In time
Imperial
war
it is
of
;
chairs
^e^' llu*
Manchus
or
Mongols
division
this
peace
v^hen the
at
Hu*
composed entirely
Banners.
^^^ei'
5.
Hsiao*,
(6 a;
^ W W: ^ ^
Sub-Lieutenant; 8b,
^ .^
204
and
Hvr' Chiin^
Hu^
performs
a distance of
to
li.
of
all
service
it
precedes
In time of
way
for the
divided
is
into
two
"Winos"
1.
^Mm^^^M
blue Banners).
Tso'
Ch'icn^
ranks are
of the
1.
^1)
H ^ f| Ch'ien^ Feng'
Ts'an^
LIng^ Colonel
a28
rij
^^
('h'ien'
^^
^-
1^
BU
tj^
Division (6a
Shu*
48
Ch'ien'
each Wing),
in
Feng^
^ -^
5.
AVei'
the
of
Vanguard
Sergeant
(^ Ch'ien' Feng^, Privates of the
the left and 865 in the right Wing).
Hsiao*,
6.
Vanguard
^^
fj'jj
atl
ptj
^^
n1
Oh'ien'
^^ei*
^^^
For
details see
Xo. 797.
kU^
''^"-
Musketry Division
Inner
and
Peking
wiiilc the
Huo'
rh'i^
consisting of
Detachments.
Outer,
second
is
The
Ying^
and
Nei*,
The
first
and
Artillery
Wai*,
^f*
stationed
is
afc
Summer
J'alacc HJ OH
Yiian'
or,
at
(a
Ming'
Yiian').
The
^ ^
^U
'f^
The
Ai-tillerv
is
No. 97).
and
Musketry Division
Bannermen and is under
is
comjiosed
of
command
of
the
^ ;S
^
IS
lirigaili.-r;
I*
^
At
Hlood).
Chang', Hj-igadier;
'"g" 'J'sung',
four
Nia^ Ch'iang'
iti
II.i'
ea-h
'^^.
Commandant
Detachment),
The
of
2.
;i
Detachment there
oilier
ranks are:
(iin-risou
Bj
^k\
(Deputy
'A'-
3^
an<l
/^
Musketry Division
t(t
1^
15/
fK
(3a; four
^''"'
in
^'h'iang>
736a
tO
737
738
the
of
Regiment
and
Artillery
Imperial
Division;
Musketry
WE
the
of
LingS Lieutenant-Colonel
OF CHINA.
4a,
Chill*
San"*
Kuan',
Regiment
^^^
7.
Adjutant,
Artillery
of the Artillery
iSiao^
Artillery and
M.W^
fxt
.Chiin^
9.
Musketry; 6a,
WM^^M^
Kuan' P'ao*
Hu*
Niao'' Ch'iang'
f^ |^
Musketeer of the Imperial Guard,
Ch'iang' Hsiao^ C^h'i", Musketeer, and
Chiin',
^ 1^
gc ^ ^ P'ao* Hsiaoi
IL
i%
12.
Niao=^
fit
738.
f^^
Park,
Jui*
Light Division;
Yiian*,
Ch'i^, Artillery-man.
Chien*
'
[Ll
or the
Hsiang^ Shan^
^a
men being
Ying^
(see
recruited to
At
No. 735).
from the
it
'jly
^ '^
Ch'ieu^
may
into
Commandants (number
Chang^*, Brigadier
is
there
are
Ch'ien'^
3-^, 2.
glj -^j
6a,
5.
^ Tsung^
is
1.
is
an
fll)
divided
^ ;g
^ # ||
I*
Light Division;
Lieutenant;
|,^
The Division
command of each
3a.
The other ranks
in
^^H
Feng^
g|]
4.
gy
[
4a,
3.
nf]
^^
bU^^
^^
330
IV
]
Ch'ien^
Feng' Hsiao*,
(Ti'ien^
Feng'
Hsiao*,
6.
Sub-Lieutenant; 8b,
1st
^5
Ch'ien'
Feng\ Private
7.
Ify
of the
Wei' Ch'ien'
^^it
Hunts
Superior
Banners
marksmen
there
^-
^ vU
^ W &
in
Tsung^
all),
^^
^^arksmen 1260
|fT
in
The Marksmen
Ying'-,
for
No.
command
In
718).
of
these
Ch'iang'
filj
all)
;g
and
of
Wing
in
all)
(21
Brigadier
Ling'^,
^^^^^
3.
Ch'iang^
Hu^
Fu*
Ch'iang'
^ |^
4.
Hu'
(six
Chang', Junior
Marksmen
(vh'iangi,
in all).
(600
740.
i^
|{p
i^^
Shhr (h?
The Peking
Ying2.
Field
20
to
tliousand men,
using modern
and
breech-loaders
drilled
in
European
arms,
style.
mmm/\mmW'^^
741.
to
\<
Chun'
IIu'
(,'h'i'
the
Simmicr
giiai'il th''
now
M^
\\ii>
Yinj'"^.
This
Banner Forces.
at tinI'j
\^{
^V'aii'
of the
Ho'
Sliou' Slian'),
Ynan^
^i^^g'
i^^^^
jCiuards Division
is
nsidi'iici!
^ \^
Yua"^
Vfian' (at
as
tlir
This residence
Emperor.
Viian
in
of
foot
tlu-
the
liill
JKdO, nftir
tlic
tiiking
of Pckinjr.
.\t
th.'
head of
tliis
division
of the
liaiincr
Forces.
The
Viian
oth(;r
i>
the
^^
.Ming Viian
ranks are:
(Jeni^ral
Tsung' T'ung',
duards Di\ ision
1.
^,
'jl5
CommanJant
^q
,^a-i
(see
a |f^
is
Marksmen
the
of
'^"'
'recruited
73^
ing'
eight in
.74lA
q
742a
all
MW-3 fl
3a), 2.
Yiian
^ ^ Shu^
in
the
of
Yi,ian
in all),
Banner Forces
of the
Lieutenant
Hsiao^
Ming
in
^^^
4.
Junior Lieutenant-Colonel
JLing',
^%
all),
128
^''''
of the Yiian
(6a;
^^^%
Chun^ Ts'an^
Hii*
Yiian
of the
of
ision
of the
Division
(32
'J
Lieutenant-C^olbnel
Senior
Guards DIa
Yiian
Ming
OF CHINA.
GlivAxM/.Ai JOA
6.
all),
glj
^^^
Fu" Hu^
Chun'
Hsiao*,
Privates
Yiian
the
of
Guards
Yiian
Ming
Division
of
the
For
741a.
particulars as to the
Hu*
Summer
742.
is
At
^^
if
[1]
0^
H ^ MMW-^
Hsiang' Tao^
etc., see
Guards at
No. 97 d.
The Guides.
Ch'u^
This
head
is
the
|j| '^^
the Guides,
tlie
fH
^ j^ || Hu^
Chiin'
T'lmg^
{see
{see
No. 734
Hsiao*, and
^5^
^ ^
an indefinite number of
^^
Hu'
Chiin'),
and
-^t)
742a.
;g^
fl'i)
f|p f|j
||
Hu*
^^
Chiin'
Ch'ien"
Ch'ien2 Feng').
jl
l^g
}fl
Shang'
;Jo2
Yii'^
Pei^
Yung* Ch'u*,
I'lJESENl
Without.
^'^^-
follows
classes as
il^
Ijl
743b.
P^ jg
743c.
stationed in the
Shansi,
I^ing' Ch'in'
1?J5
^yn'
2.
ii;
Mausolea
the Ini])erial
^S ii i^
J^ C'h'ingi
j{\
;j{y:
/[;(
J{f
Td'
j]]
in
Chou^
3.
Shantinig,
^^
\^
K'ai'
jff
/^ #1
/ff
Kuang'
(;hou Fu', in
IS
'^
Ilua^
9.
^ij
Hsii An'
;ff
Chuang'
jjjV
Liang'
}{f
j'\>\
7|C 'j^
Wu'
Fu';,
in
GM
Mu'
I.U-'
'='
JH
JtJc
<
J{.f
'hing'
8.
}^ '^^ }^ Ch'eng'
Chou^ Fu^, iu Hnj)eh,
Shensi,. and
hi
^ ^
11.
}^
Liang^ Chou' Fu', and ^f f^ ,^
with the garrisons of
Karisu.
Urumtsi
Clri',
I^'i'
-111"
]^
Kuangtung,
Vu\
Ting',
(also,
^ j^
Ku' Ch'eng-, or
l^
(also,
K'unS Barkul
tJig
Ti^
ff^
if^f
Ijit
0j ^S
Fu' Viian'
Ch'engS and ^'i>If '.^T'u' Lu' Fan' T'ing', Turfan (also, /^'^'ft?
Kuang' An' Ch'eng-), which are under the Kansu jurisdiction.
744.
Tiiitar
+0
744
'
/l^
743
Jlfp
(ieneral)
''hiang'
1
Chiui',
Manchu
litciaivdcsignation,
iencral-in-Chief (or
;;^
7C
^ TaM'iinn*
.lung^.
Chou' Fu,
iu
Fukien,
4.
/^j)
j^]
j^
Jiang'
Choii'
Fu',
in
744a
Chekiang.
to
^ MM
745a
^-
J5K
5.
j^
Ni"g'
Fu^
For
744a.
For
744b.
Chiangi Chun\
Chnn\
5^^
For
^ $i i^
the
!? Sui^ Yuan^
'If
^ M
the
'^
Ni"g^
Hsia*
No. 900.
details as to
^M^
the
details as to the
For
^^
!^
Li^ Chiang^
SM
fI
No. 879.
see
details as to the
^ ^ J^ ^
Chiang Chiin
in
W^^'
I->i'
Manchuria
745.
||J |[^
ten provinces,
at
Manchu Brigade-General
2a ; literary designation,
in
m 'M M
8.
No. 899.
Chiang^ Chun\
T'ai^
744e.
see Nos.
6.
No. 866.
744D.
Ya^ Su^
Hupeh,
Kuangtung.
details as to
see
For
744c.
Szechwan, and
in
as to
details
Chiin', see
Ch'eng^ Chiang^
in
in
Fu',
in
Fu',
W^'^'ng' Tui
^>/t
Chou^
J^ Chingi
jf]
Hsiao'*
^^
1.
Ta* T'ung'
-$1]
-ft
Kuei^
Chili*.
They
reside
Hua* Ch'cng',
in
u\ and
Chou^ BV,
Yu*
I*
^-
>>H
in
^H
^^
in
Kansu,
ji>\
glj
^ ^
g-]]
j>\]
ff^
^^
^ ^^
9.
f^
Tso^
Fu^ and
J{^
Ch'eng^
Kuang^ Chou^
Fu=^, in
T'ung^j.
745a.
(one
at?^
The
g|J
^p>
j^^
=334
li]
f^ i|
"
military cordon
(see
connected
For details as
745 R.
with
the garrisons
of
the
1^'"*
Tu'
No. 743a).
to the
^ G n^
^q
p^
glj
S tt
Li'
I'
glj
-^^
^ fb
^j
$5$ gij
T'ai=^
Knei' Hiia*
3^f^
Ch'eng" Fu' Tu' T'ung' (sec No. 745), sec No. 899.
For
7451).
details as
%^
the
to
^j %^ Ning^ Hsia^
;^ij
^^
^Ij
Ch'a^ Ha^
For
745 F.
The
746.
1
ft|
Wi
-i!F
such
in
Shoir"^
^'h'cng'^
cities
as ;i^
Yuan' Fu^
T'ai^
)^
JT^
Commandant
Yii^ Military
In
they are
j]]
Te*
Chou", and
^%
Manchuria,
Manchu Garrison
of a Minor
found
in
see Nos.
are
Fu Tu T'ung
to the
details as
K'ai'
^^
Oarrisons
Company
3b,
Regiment
Provincial
of the
Banners
Manchu
of a
Commander
Major
of the Provincial
l\.
a position
No. 726), 4.
|5Jj '^j- LvJ
Commandant of the 2nd Class of a Minor Provincial Manchu
;
Garrison
see
cordon," such as
Hsiang' Hsien',
''5-
^)l
(tliey reside in
illUj
^/I'l
Chou',
etc.;
(iarrisonw
Lieutenant;
5i'.,
7.
5a,
lit
iVj
^ ^
^"^,^'Iii\^
Hsiao*, Sub-Lieutenant
(alao, JH
6.
Nirio
8h,
8.
}\
^ji
385
^.
No.
Liang'
4a,
]*rovincial
'h'i'
Hsiao*,
Hsiao'
Ch'ien'' F(^ng',
Feng',
743a);
the
f^ Hsiao'
Wei' Shu'
Ch'iang' Ch'ien'
[
see
Platoon of
Manchu
Pa'
746b
CJiM'
Sergeant
Sergeant
of
^^^
Musketry
747
to
;'
,t It fl fi
(also,
IBM
10.
Ch'i^, Artillery-man
tI^
^ijj
Fukien, Kuangtung,
Fu*).
^
-
fSB
Shui^ Shih'
in,
P'ao*
Hsiaoi
does
river
service
(^sce
in
of the
where
provinces
etc.
^ ^
:
^H
stationed
Garrisons are
Preserves
of
This
Banner Forces.
748.
Corporal
Corporal
^ ^ |^
or
Musketeer,
'li'i-,
Manchu
Ts'iii^
Ts'iu\
Lir.g^
Ch'iangi Hsiao^
747.
|| fg Ling^
Ch'iang-^
Musketry, or
^43
Niao^
9.
Wei2
Ch'ang%
and about, 1^
The
Ho'-
ynj Je''
Hunting
Imperial
(^
{^
Ch'eng^ Te^
^M^^ At
Preserves.
M^
jE li
MM^
remaining ranks
are
M ^ M ^
1.
Wei^
Ch'ajig^
4a (two
in
all),
^^
5a (eight in all), 3.
:^
Hsiao^ Ch'i* Hsiao^ Lieutenant
6a (eight in all), 4. -^ f-g
Ling' Ts'uii, Corporal, and 5.
|^ f^. Hsiao^ (h'i^ Private
(of the last two ranks there are about
eight hundred and
;
fifty
men).
where
No.
it
of
the
forms
Ch'ang' T'ing'
Military
in
897),
a
(see
which
separate
Presei-ves
district
it
su1>prefecture,
No. 897).
[
are
3:5fi
situated
and
M ^ M
Wei^
is
OIIG ANIZATION
OF CHINA.
749
to
750
^ ^' Lu*
The
Green Standard,
or old Chinese Arniv.
Lu^
These troops are divided into
I^and
and
Shui'^
Marine
Tju*,
Forces,
Shih\
Forces, and
7j<
749.
Yiiig-,
of the
Army
^^
[llfi
the hulk of the forces of this category in any jJl'ovince are under
the connuand of a
J^
Tu^
T'l^
(sec
Command.
The
allotted to the |]
Tu'
(srr
arc
Xo. 820), or
called,
to the
respectively,
-/f
]g
Hsiin^
Jfffi
Tii^
Fu^
?iao',
Tsung^
No. 821)
and ]M
Fu^
(5f<?
Piao'.
Under
|pj
j^
|i^!
No.
The
tlie
Jlj'^
in
these,
Piao'
an; divided
The
Territorial Regiments.
of the General-in-Chief
1^^
into
\^
|i^
made up
llsieh are
Shao",
P|lf
each
Patrols,
Ilsich"
I'iao*,
^ i"sS
of
Ssu', corresponding
^]\^
Ilsiin'',
M-hich
Right and a
Left.
into
suh-divided
being
tinii,
command
four
districts.
The Army
tlie
I'mipire,
of
tlic
(iiccu Standard
is
distributed thictughout
in
J;2
If
(icneral-in-ChicC
(i)istolary style,
'iji'
'^''^
'^"''
in
["]
(conunuu
(
hiiii'
22
I'loviiH-inl
:5-7
t'i
This ofHcer
J
connection
in
Coninia)i<hi-iii-('hief,
th-.>iL;uatioii,
.Men').
uf
is
'
in
''"
or
l'^^''^
comniand
750a
to
Green Standard
(sec
No. 749)
Provincial
750b
provinces,
i.e.
at
1.
jf
T'ung^
>ffl
ChouS
in fourteen
in Chihli, 2.
]^
J{^
Huai-^
M P5
Kiangsu,
3.
^ #1
Ch'iian^'
FuS
jfi
in
5.
@|
Ch'ang' Te Fu^
fX. ^It
fl
Fu^
Ch'eng^ Tu^
Hsiang^ Yang^
Fu', in
in
in
Fu^,
;f Ning^ P'o^
J;j^
Hunan, 7. [^
-^ j^ J^ Kan^ Chou^ FuS
Shensi, 8.
in Fxikien, 4.
|^ i^ J^
/j^
i^>
Chou^
Chekiang,
prefecture of
the
Hupeh,
Kansu,
9.
in
the
"^ ^. J^
Hsi^ An^
,Ij5f
in
6.
Fu^
Ji^
in
W^ J^
^
^ ^ ^ 1^ |
Szechwan,
10.
^fj
^ MM
Shun* Fu^
in-Chief.
Shantung
Governor
and
General-in-Chief
of
the
Forces
in
Shantung
Province).
750R.
Lu*
In addition to J^
are also
Chief.
Yangtze^ 'tL yk
(at X"^)^ T'ai*
Tu'
T'i'^ Tui
Lu*
(also ^^ ]? ^^
Commanders-in-Chief of the Land Forces, there
Shui' Shih^ T'i=^ Tu\ Naval Commanders-in-.
7|\c ^fp $|
There are two for the
provinces -lying along the
T'i2 Tui),
t^
338
K'ou^, or
iL
Jl^
Tu'
J^ Chiang^
Chiang'
f(^
KuangtungJ^
Ning'^
-^ 7^
Sliih* I* (at
J^
P'u'
in the prefecture of
Hsien*,
Fu'),
M t^ M
J^ pg Hu3 Men2,
(at
P'u'
K<^ng' Tung'
in the })refecture of
Shih'
fehui'
T'i'
Kuang'
j{l jj^
Chou' Fu").
In the provinces of Chekiang and Fukien the Commandersin-Chief
Commanders-in-Chief and
Tk^M^'M
9m ]^ yk ^ M i^ -M
^^^*
are,
accordingly,
Chiang'
Fu' Chien^
designated
Lu* Shih'
Shui'
T'i^
^ jX
Tu',
Lu* Shih'
Shui^
Naval
of
duties
the
simultaneously
perform,
T'i^
and
Tu',
respectively.
^ 1^ Tsung^ Ping',
^^^-
Chen*
Brigade (ieneral
T'ai'
2a (common
f^
Ta* Tsung'
Chen* Piao^, Brigade (see No.
Chih*)
commanding a |j|
749), of which there are from two to seven in a.j)rovince.
designation,
Tsung'
|jj|
Jung'
-^
literary
designation,
ej)i.stolary
;f;
designation,
^g
f^lj
three in
seven
Chekiang, three
in
Kiiangtung, two
four
"iTiiman,
ill
in
Hunan,
in-
five
Fukien,
Kansu, four
in
in
Hupeh,
Szechwan,
in
in
all.
7.0
A.
the ])rovince of
In
^^^^^
Cho.i>,
and
};Pj
Mi^fl^ Ma'
Ilua* Chou'
'I'-'ii'
title
(nien*
Ning^
^^
J.an^ Yii^
Commanding
MauKoIca (Western
the
|_j^
iind
Chihli
Brigade
Ts.mg^ Ping',
at
(ienerals,
^ j^
I*
Ma"*
in
th(;
l.an'
Eastern;
tiio
Imperial
designated
&a
^^^
\K]
Jf^
-}
\]i
No. 76).
:J3:i
Chien'
Tsung'
Kuan
751
^q
751 4
to
752h
{sec
f&
Certain o the
75 1b.
751b
in
command
of naval
fomthree
Hunan,
Kiangsu, one
in
in
and, in this
in
two
Chekiang,
forces
Naval Commanders-
Fnkien
in
and
in
five
Kiiano^tung'.
752.
^^
glj
command
of a
752a.
(common
1^Jj
Ts'a.i'
J^
designation,
No. 749).
{see
Lieutenant-Colonel
Chiang*,
lU
^ Ts'an^ Jung^).
The
Lieutenant-Colonel
Commandant
as
acting
r||
752b,
/j^
IV
of a
752c.
colloquially
3b (common designation,
Yu^ Jung^) in
designation,
Major
Chi^,
^^
literary
11^
designation,
T'ing^.
^ Yu-
vj|^
Yu^ n^
command
is
of
^^
Tu^
No. 749).
752d.
Shou^
First
Ssu\
Tu^ K'un^)
be
may
Captain
command
in
4a
(literary
of a
Batta-
lion (see
^^
Shou^
designation, ^
}{.^
lion (see
Fii^)
may
Captain
he in
command
5b (common
of a l^atta-
No. 749).
752e.
designation,
^f Ch'Ien^ Tsung^
| |g Tsung* Yeh^;
Ch'ien^ Jung^); in
752 1'.
:fE|lg
designation,
g|j
752G.
75211.
;
command
/'J>
^(v
Lioitenant
literary
6a (common
designation,
^^
No. 749).
7A
(common
Pa^ Tsung^
|g Fu' Yeh^)
and commanding
Sergeant
Second
Pei*,
in
Sub-Lieutenant;
command
of a
Post
(sec
Ssu\ Squad,
No. 749).
Pa=^
9a.
[
3-40
7521.
^|> ^[^
pji
7o2.r.
E^ Wui^ Wai^
WeP,
ChUnS Adjutant.
('huug^
C!I1NA.
Sergeant
This post
9b.
752i
filled
is
by
of the rank of
officers
glj ^'*
^^
Commandants
respectively, the
(^
Nos-
(see
^^
703.
to
command
in
officers
Ying'' Tsung^,
^^
in the
Lien*
Commandant.
This
of
in the Jji
Chuang* Yung', or
given
This post
Militia,
and
Chi'in^,
foundation for
tlic
Land Forces
see
No. 656).
title is
Lu*
Chiin',
p^j!^
I*
These are
the
with a staff of ^?
Mounted
to them.
is
Couriers, and
The
investcfi
general
tic
i^
||ii
direct
the
in
^^
l*ii*
"''':''
"^''''
1*''
-^''^'
management
local
(see
No. 830
is
cunii)are
invested in the
No. 839).
841
to
>yK
the expression
Hsiao*
Li"*
condemned
M^i^'^WltlM^
officials (compare
Fa^ Wang^ Chiini T'ai^
Shu^ Tsni*.
Post
jMilitarv
M Wi M W "^
Military
posting-orders,
of
Lientenant^General
proceeding on dnty
Officials
called
hy
'^
of
of
Altai)
Cyh'ahar
Stations
-^* ^'^^
'^''ai*
appertains
road
are
K'an'*
Ho^,
hv
to
No. 898).
(sec
this
in
given special
the Ministry
War.
I'' Cluin*
below) were undei- the control of Jp jj^ ^f
Chien^ Tn^, Inspectors of Military Post Stations (in the province
of Kirin) or t|| ig it P Hsiih" TaoS ^^lilitary Intendant
of
Chii-, sre
of
T'i-
$1 It
^^l
fj|
^^
^ ^^
with ^
Tui
or f Jig Tsnng^'
tendents,
ii?
Pan-*,
in
No. 807).
lines than
These
offices,
ecoiM)iiiical
IH^I^'^WlM
342
from ?^
iUth
i,%
753
m'^umm^mmmB
T.3o.
K'ou-^
P Mn'
Liang^
Cli'iin^
T'ung^*
%t
chia^
<^'i^ang-^
Hsia"
Kuan^,
Tsung'
snrrounding
War.
This
Edict of
to
re])lv
The herds
the
of
divi>ioii
Liang' P.
Tsung'
1'
Mil'
l^
.\
Chief
Yang=*
Chi.l'
K<'vi>er,
'ill'
and
number;,
No,
of
the
Sup(;rvisor of a
isor of a
thci-e
|4
arranged
Wing, and
f^eft
the
ot
Kight
invested
is
Drove, and a
are
f^ {M
K'o'
in
attached
^ti'
Yiian',
I'nur
llreeding Section, 3.
ft
^^
in
M"'
,',ilj
}l
Kuan',
Secretaries
sections:
ul" ^'l
2.
''"''
(in
1.
jT^
^
I'i^
'f','
1I<>-
Tsung^*
K'o',
Diove.
Secretary,
j-
p|^
^M ^^
Knan', Supervisor
management of eat^li diove
into
893),
Tsung^
Super\
Kuan',
{see
Supervisor
the Superintendent
indeHnite
Weir
I'
('h:ing\
.-distant
To
Shu'
"I'll'
in
Kuan^
Tlu* dir(;ct
Winu;.
Fu',
Ch'ahar territory
Two Wings,
ti%V^^
to the general
Supei'intendent are distributed, according
of fbo
Tso''
and
of horses
f!
''''
an
Wu ^^
M"'
''^'"'
766
4.
^ ^ f^
of General Aftairs.
of
part
knowledge of breeding
of the
administration
military
MR^*^^
Section
a very
be
to
are
there
established
Droves,
etc.
756.
of the
war
vessels
of
Yang^
Chien*
2.
Nanyang Squadron,
"^
3.
Kuang^ Tung^
In addition
to
Shih\
Kuangtung
these there
are
the
7ic ^jp
^
^^
7JC
4.
Pei'
Nan"
if- 7}t$\^
jjfg
Shui'
4fc
^ifj
Fu^
yjX ||0
(Canton)
Squadron.
j^ S, i^ Hai^
so-called
MM
W^
1.
ML
Ping^ Ying, Marine Battalions (Flotilla):
Lei^
Yii*
Ying', Kuangtung (Canton) Torpedo
Kuang' Tung^
Boat Flotilla, at
Jf Huang^ P'u^ (Whampoa), 2. "^ :^ jS^
Nan^ Ching^ Yii^ Lei^ Ying^, Nanking Torpedo Boat
^^
^ ^ Nan^Ching^
Flotilla, at
M^ ^
Yen^
(Nanking),- and
S.
JM."^ ?#
YingS Training
Chih^ Fu* (Chefoo).
The general superintendency of all the naval forces of
China is invested, as has been already stated, in the
T'ai^
^ f^
^^^
Hai' Chiin^ Ch'u*, Naval Council, at Peking {see Nos. 185c and
:;^;
fjf f^
185d), which, in its turn, is subordinated to the
the
of
Presidents
Ch'ou* Pan* Hai' Chun^ Ta* Ch'en^
The
direct
command
Hai^ Chun^
to
whom
T'i^
there
Hai=* Chiin^
Tu^ Commander-in-Chief
is
Shih*
(see
attached, at
Wu*
Shanghai,
of the
the
No. 185a).
^^
f
Naval Forces,
^^ ^
fM
344
#^
of
the
Kuan',
Adjutant
"^
^'''
'fti
^ '^
7.
(one),
^^
(one), 5.
6o9b;
j^ ft
'ET
(.'hien^
Councillor
Kuan',
^'1^^'*
Fu*
Chang', Senior
Clii*
C-'lur^
^^^^"^
'g*
Kuan^
Chi'
Is
glj
'^'^"'
Chiin'
7j6a.
Iso.
4.
J^
^ ff^^
?>.
Engineer-Officer (one),
Councillor
2.
(one),
1.
Mou'
Ts'an'
'g*
For
756 B.
the
of
officers
sec
see
fleet
No. 6o9c.
T'i^ Tn',
now
following estaUishments
tU%^
or
T'ang-,
Schools
No.
(see
7KM^'^
1.
'^
757a),
At
757a.
1-
fL
2.
757i5),
^^
-^
"M-
'M
Naval
Ch'uan-
|]|
C^h'uan-
Naval Schools
So',
Ch'Li',
China
in
'^'^"'
Kuang'Tung'
Ilsiieh^
^''''''
Tsao^
p/f
and
7K HltJ
Kiangnan Naval School, at (^ }^
iv'J
^^^'"'^
China the
Hsiielr T'ang^
^^^""'
^'^'^
in
llai' Chiin'
'J^''^''
^^f
Nan''^
^^'''
'hefoo,
Ching', (Nanking),
^''''"''
and
Hsiieh" T'ang*,
:i.
Ils''<-1''
}(fi'}[i ffjj
2.
'!'''"',
[i^^f^
'I'<^
Kuangtung (Canton)
Naval School, at
i]J\
Huang' P'u' (see No. 756).
For the construction of vessels there
757b.
shipbuilding yaid at
jj^
'){\
at
the;
O:
'rfl
Kiangnan Arsenal
(at
J^
?,S^
^'J'i-"'K'
^^^^
is
spi-cial
X^ H. M\ i&
^1''''
<--^^'''
756a
tO
7573
757c
iQ
768
MM
Kuangtung
Hno^
2.
K"nng^
Tnng^
^^ ^f\
'M
(Qanton) Arsenal,
Powder
Yao* Chih" Tsao* So^ Kuangtung (Canton)
Mills, and
Han^ Yang' Ch'iangi P'ao^ Chii^, Hanyang
3.
JS
:^
Ch'ang^,
Ping^
^MM
M^^i^M M
For repairing
757c.
1.
dockyards:
M M ^
i^ Ivuang=^
there
vessels
at
the
are
following
Ch'uan'
Tung'
P'u^
l^ Huang'
Ch'uan' Wu^
Wv\
sec
No.
Kiangnan
and
3.
i.i
Hai^ Shanghai,
,^ j^
Dockyard,
Ma-^ Wei^ Ch'uan' Wu^, Mawei Dockyard, at Foochow.
756, 2]
at _b j@ Shang^
T^'ing or Judicial
Shell P'-an
EstuhUshments
1906,
which directed a
general
{see
{see
revision
of
the
establishments
November,
'
government
the Board of
Punishments
Justice {see
of the 6th
{see
and judicial
trative
called
on
the
^jj fgj
part
expression
ptj
of
officials
v\^%iL
administrative
Li"*).
authorities
(compare the
first
at
Peking
weiv
later they
foiiiuled
in
Minicliuiia and at
758
Tientsin.
oj)cii
in
1909-1910,
foreign trade
to
in
at
\911-
1913, at the chief cities of prefect in-es, sub-prefectures, departments and districts in 91.)-191.), at marts and villages.
1
The
organization of
establishments
judicial
on:
based
is
1.
fi-om
the 4th
foi'
Regulations
Yiian^ Pien'
Judicial
establishments,
2.
Fa*
f]i
fjilj
2.3th
Drawing
Kmpcror on
the
1
'IJ*
A^ fi
-^i
7th February,
the
mn
JTl
W-
Sliih^
Jen*
for
Offic-ials. 2.
\ w^
Irn'
Sj
Hua*
Ei '^
I'J
"^ ^i
iit
Ssu'-
mn^
''^
%^
m n- m n ^^
^^.
<
'''"'
< 'l-!'-
"^'i'
TI'
Fa^'Ch'ii*
Provisional
Chan"*
M^
Fang^
[^
illi
Shr.n'
establishments are
divided
'it
5.
^'Ij
t^'-S^
Ch'u',
f^f\]
^ij
^j
J^lJ
Courts,
and
Local Courts
tlie'.^upirrMr
oiirl
o(
Offices for
2.
).
7r>H^.
^^
Assl/.es,
District
F'an-' T'lng',
of Chses.
into: i^
1^ Ti*
Type
^^m}&
tin;
^""'
Organization
[
:^:
oi
''""'
''"''"f^''
^''''""'
'*""'
Judicial JOstablishments
I'KESENT
758b
to
758d
founded
Fa^ Shih^
No.
{see
f|^
Ti*
Shih^
to
in all provinces,
^ ^ \^
or
831)
An*
Ch'a'
For training
758b.
Shen^
^il
W^
No.
{see
r'an-i
Pan*
Ch'u*
Jfr
^o\
Hsi=^
^ ^^^
mi^-
Ssui
f4
No,
{see
(also,
Y2L^
Law
^HM%
at the
or
623a),
Ch'ou^
T'ing-^
at local Colleges of
instituted
-^
and
il J^
758 a),
^W'MWX
Chiang'
758c.
;^
,11
^^
in
of
questions
^ II 1^
>f^-
Fa*
Hsueh^
Hsi^
So',
f^
Chien'
replace the
Yen^
Ohien'
Jfr
Wu'
f)-
I^,
Tso*, Coroners,
men
in
China.
These courses
ire to
be
of
Medical
Jxirisprudence
were
established
at
Peking, ;^ li
ji;
1909, at the
himU^'^UM
and
^re
Fa'
clerks),
^mm%t^U^W^%m.
Li*
Hsiieh^
Hsi^
So',
Courses
348
for
Clerks
and Ushers
758e.
No.
^^
of
the
foi-eshadoAvs
758)
Lii*
appearance
Pien* Hii^ Shih*)
3^
"i:
also
758=
establishments (see
for judicial
tO
Shih\
in
ci*'il
Attorneys (Advocates;
and criminal cases.
Special regulations defining their rights and
I^^i' Siiih' Tan^ Hsing' Fa^) are to be
duties (^ ^ll;
fr
called
of the
On
two examinations.
to pass
upon
completion
the s\iccessful
fir^t
)n
lu^
Establishments (so-called
.Indicia]
in
posts
Shih^ and
T'ui>
fj^
^^it
1^
Hon'
TT
Pu'^
||^ S^^
Hou*
Chien^ Ch'a^
Kunn' j.
^^^
7.-,9.
Coiuts of Assi/cs
Courts come:
(not
Hii:'I,
hearing
1.
^Ij
(^J^^,
^jj
(see
(^
Appeals
f^
I'-an'
"^
Ti'
Shen^j,
2.
Appeals
J:
Shang*
of the
against judgiiicuts (not final) of District Courts,
Ivao*;
second hearing
KaoS
K'ang'
(^
ol"
H^
TV Erh^
judguK-nts
Cassations
Shcn^), 3.
<^
(final,
Chiieh*
(|j^
Ting')
^
of
Tsung' Shih*
and 4.
Cases concerning >^
Lo" {see No. 40), not within the
Clinch^
and
(srr No. 39)
^^ i^
scope of lie Supreme Conrt of .lust ice.
District Courts,
(.'ou)-ts
att'airs)
Civil
of
Assizes
consist
?Jf
At
j^
Mm'
''\t
[\n-
\ohuni'
of
Criminal Cases.
the hca<i of a
rivf.i(Jcnt
on
(depending
Secti<jn of
>yQQ
Comt
of Assizes
at
tli.-
is
a jj
./j^
T'ing' Ch'cng',
759a
to
^ ^ T'ing^
of m ^ T'ni^
Courts
^^
Sections:
of
Min^
K'o\
and
Civil,
At
Members
ranks
||
fij-
K'0'5
Hsing^ K'o',
^ij ^jf
^ fg
tlie
Members,
Shih*, Cjonrt
Originally
7fiO
Cliang"^,
Ho=^ I^ T'ni'
of the Court.
tik
1^ Tien^ Pu*,
^W
I*
Wf\JM
2.
Ohing^
1.
Peking,
Shih'
Provincial capitals.
^f
1^
T'ing', and
f}j
for Judicial
For
759a.
P^:
Supreme Court
may be
Jf
|i^
T'iiig',
Ta-* Li^
of Justice (see
Courts of Assizes
Shih*
^^
.^ Kao'
^]J
i^
Branch Courts of Assizes, see
particulars as to the
(see
No. 759)
Section of Civil
T'ing^,
^ @ ]Min
^ ^ Hsing'
composed of a _f^
Cases, and a ^Ij
;
Courts
(see
first
a second hearing, A.
hearing
^ ^
Ti"* I'
Court
Shen^) and
2.
of
For
final) of the
Courts.
District Courts are composed
(dependent on the volume of
of
one (or more) |^
affairs)
j^ Min'^ Shih* T'ing', Section of
Civil
Ca,:e9,
350
^ij
]
^ ^ Hsing^ Shih'
T'ing-,
5S]
B:
diininal
of
Section
Ifl
Gases.
Jen* T'ni'
Til-
there
Also,
Shili*,
(or
more)
Independent members
of the
^^
(holding, at the
Sections)
(
'hief,
is
|g ;g T'ing^ Chang'
each Section
under a
is
of
^ ;^
T'ui^
Members
Shih'',
Sections
^
^
Members
Colhiborating
Member
At
Ho'
^ffi
I^*
T'ui^
At
^^
the
T'ui^
of the Court.
Courts
District
^
^
|fe
Tien'
Pu^
Lu^ Shih',
|
r^
and
Fa^
Li*, Ushers,
Writers, ;^ ^^
(at Peking and
Ch'eng'
Fan^ I* Kuan\ Interpreters.
})orts open to foreign trade)
'g*
Archivists,
Chu'
PiiS
Registrars,
^^
I'aii;,''
^f M
'}J
^]]^ iili
'J
Sh.'-n'
P'an^
Shih^
Chiang'
T'iiig',
1.
^^
Peking,
Wai*
Nei*
P3
Ti*
Ch'eng^
'ourt of the
Metropolitan District
and
Each prefecture
2.
independent
<l<^partinent (one).
For
700
J
Scheme
I'.stablishmenU
V.
No.
(scf;
I'or
particulars
as
to
tlie
':^
for Judicial
N09. 17 to 24.
'^
^\\
^M
'*'>*
No. 761a.
f'<"*-
T'ing',
':?-
^M^M
liranclies of
established
Local
i^
at
Difttri;t
''^">'
Coints of Assizes
places di.stant
(>)urts {see
No.
from
'J^'-'iJ?'
(/"r
^'"'
i*''^"'
No. 759.v)
provincial
7G()j.
760a
iq
yan
two
are
capitals,
^'''"'"'
may
at
lie
the
761
^Q
761a
S^^
CFIINA.
and a
^^
^ij
^ Wi^f^JM
To
758).
1.
2.
By
fine or
authority of
the
these
appertain
by
by other
rules,
by
arrest.
Shih'*,
Members
the
of
Court,
who judge
|^
cases
quite
City
Chii'^,
H^
Hsiang^ Yen^ Chii^ Village
Justice of Peace) were formerly composed of from one to two (10
at Peking)
Tan^ Tu^ T'ui^ Shih*, Independent
5^j |f
Members
of the Court.
At Local
'^ ~^
Fa'
Ch'eng-
Li*,
1.
Peking,
^flJ
i^ |S
f\]
iK
Cliing' Shihi
Prefecture,
3.
Administrative
centres
of
sub-prefectures,
.sec
the
Scheme
for
Judicial
4.
Tluckly
For
^cation.
Establishments {see No.
761a.
^^f
M^M
Section
of
ivil
35'2.
Cases, a
Cases, and
PKESEN'T
two
^ ff
more)
(or
|{|
T.r Jen*
Vm'
SliihS
Independent
B.
At
namely
Offices,
>yf\/L
At
1.
Tcncr^
1^^ M
are found
Ka.)i
^q
762.
At
2.
^^
ti^
the District
]^.
Court,
Wi 77 ^^
^. Ti^ Fang> Chien^ Ch'a' T'ing\ and 3. At the
Local Coiu-t, ;^j] <:J5
C^'u^ Chi" Chien^ Ch'a' TMng' (for
1^^
^M
the
making
of
initiation
ot searches, tlie
763.
cases
criminal
of
prosecution,
enforcement of sentences,
^ ^
f^
II
the
etc.
T'ing',
^^
Kegistrars, and
7(J3A.
LS
P>'-anche.s of
*J22)
{see
Lu'
'^ 3jJ
'fe^
:y)'
Writers.
Shili^,
Tsung' Chien='
IS
No.
illi
7;
^^
Ti'
JS5
and 762)
composed of
l'rose<-uting
Knan',
.'If
Pn
''"'''"^
<ecuting
'*"*.
Archivists,
Court
('h'a*
5^5t
Also, at this
Attorneys.
Chu''
fr^
'i!3
('hien'
i^
|^
Attorney, and two (or more)
;j5:j
Ch'a-
Chien^
Fang'
W-
Fen' Ting',
7.'j9iij.
"64.
I"!:
Ch'a''
establii-^hed at
762
(.vcv
T'lng',
Nos. 7(10
Chang', Senior
'tJ*
Chien'
office
Cli'a'
there are
764a
to
766a
M^^^^M
W M^ ^ ^
765.
Ch'a'
^'I^en^
^^^'^'
<^'1'"'
Tnng',
Prosecuting Attorney's Office at the Local Court {see Nos. 761 and
Chien^
762) ; composed of from one to two (or more) :^
'g'
Ch'a"
Attorneys and
Kuan\ Prosecuting
^. Lu* Shih^,
||^.
Writers.
T6oA.
^ ^^ M
~^
Prosecuting
T'ing\
C.
I'risoiis
At
766.
"^J'
Office
Attorney's
No. 761a).
the
imprisonment of offenders,
^ Nan^
Prison
Office,
but,
shice
administered by the i^
Prisons {see No. 449).
tion
of these
prisons
the
rJ
On
of
abolition
Tien^ Yii^
this
office
Ssu',
in
1907,
Department of
was re\ised
{see
45[
Ssu^
Yii"*,
No. 299).
glj
Shou^
766a.
thei-e
Warders,
J}$C
from
from
;
see
F"* Kuan*
the
^a^,m
Kuan^
were
ranks of
^^^^^' P'i"'
local authorities
styled
in
prefectures,
g] ^
[
354
su^
}
Yii*
{see
No.
850),
ii^
^^
in districts,
Ill
of
the Ministry
1
909\
At
Chieu'
Fan"*
to
dated .lune,
.Justice,
he found
the provinces of
in
|^ $ It
Mu*
Kuangsi
from
Men^iorial
(see
It^
Chang' Ming'-ch'i-', dated the 8th December, 1909>
and Viiunan (see report from
Shen' Ping^-k'un\ dated
5i ^M
^^^^
connection
abolibh,
Mu^
and
with
the
in
JPI
reform
prison
and defining
Tx'*),
Fa-
Knei'
in
promulgated
new
(g^ ]^ ^l
to
jjenalties
to
proposed
|^
Li*
Chien' Yii*
Vii'
'''i^-'>'
<
thawn
were
Tsi'^),
||lj
iuHicted
1)0
i^m'^^l^Wl^M
udministracions
Cheng'
is
it
in
iij)
on
piison
Kuan' Li*
to
1909,
be
l!)l().
(niod(;lj
At
IE
ll't
head
the
TiiX
\ luuiaii,
'lY
^JX
JJl^
ordiiiated
^.
(iO
Shou' Wei'),
Morality:
Viinnau,
(in
Vtinuan, three
^:"''
;i.
\,
one
Workmen, and
Two ^jl.
Two '^
^
(i.
I'
!';i|i
"JO
(^
jiiao'
\'.\\l
''
'^liili'i,
Jiji
t^*
<
'lV
I'lison
To
K':ui'
Warders;
Shou-',
\lf'i
\.
Kuan').
K^ l^
'i.
Vm'
(in
I'li-son
l\ii;iii'.
V'ii'
ViV
JOight
y^
Model
the
lieir
B*
1.
Warders: Ha
of
h'ng' Tien"
'
'.)\
Ten
15
a
(in
('hang'.
Senior
\y
Teachers of
I'hysician.s
Vnnnan,
ni
Ilni' Shih',
Kuan',
liiin
h^liou'
i^i
is
Kuangsi)
lns|)cctor
J''
Ting', Escorts
9a
(in
Kung' Shou',
(
766^
767
five
(^
^^
1.
^^
Wen^ Shu^
p\
K'o^ in
Correspondence
s\ f} Hui* Chi* K'o\ Section of Accounts,
in
Yunnan).
At
4.
3.
Section
Yunnan),
XM^^
^^ f^
^^
is
jfJf
Tsung^
Section are
^^"*
Wu*
Senior
Warders,
also the
is
At
ModBl Prison
the
Prison
for
School,
administrations, of
by a
Kuangsi,
^ Dt ^ ^
was opened a
there
in
two Sections:
^i[
Chien^
Summer of 1909,
Hsu eh'' T'ang-,
Yii*
service
for
^^
1.
Shou^ Wei*
;^ K'o^ Chang^.
in the
officials
training
^ ^ |^
jfjf
in
prison
^ '^
2.
jfjj-
It has been
p^
the
province
(see
of
in
Hunan,
^U^
it is
to
be^nnexed
to the
No. 522).
H ^ )^
connection
with
prison
767.
Shou' So'),
{see
No.
Kuan'
Bf K'ani Shou' So^ (also
i^C Ff
Houses of Detention; established at District Courts
^3^
760)
and,
in
356
(see
of
Houses of Detention;
At
Shou-'
the
ISo',
Court
K'an^
'g'
^ ft
8p..
is
^ ^* ^ ;g
K'an^
Warder
of
For
particulars
Supreme Court
the
to
f^'^i"
House
Detention
of
of
the
No. 221.
of Justice, see
^^M
767a.
as
So^ Workhouses
I^
under the
to
768.
Ministrv
ol
he receives
769.
H<ad
from which
Agriculture, Industry and Conunerce,
all
necessary instructions.
imXi^i^^
Bureaux
of
Nin.g'^
Agriculture,
Industry
\H)st
of
(oinmerce.
and
Industrial TaOtai
duties
(gee Nos. 768 and 839-839a) these bureaux jjerfonned
be
found
to
rtain to thi.<i ofiicial.
which now
They are still
upp(
in
pntvlnces to which
appointed
(compare
th<-
the
^q
yQQ
{see
767a
said
Taotai
Menxjiial
has
from
as
liic
yet
not
Mnustry
heen
of
to tli(! provuicc
Agriculture, Industry and (Commerce, referring
are composed
and
2Ut
of Kweichow, dated the
January, 1908),
770
^ ^M
1.
X^
^^
M ^
770.
Nung^
Hui*,
the
In
Guilds.
Agricultural
Ministry of
Agricxilture,
at provincial capitals,
^^
^^
towns
and
Nung^ Wu*
departments and
districts, J^
Fen^ Hui*, Branch Agricultural Gviilds at
villages,
?Jl
Nung^ Wu* Fen' So^
f%
sub-prefectures,
Nung^
IJl
Wu*
from
20
^ ^ Tung^
to 50),
g^
of
Agricultural Guilds
(the
are
composed
maximum is 5).
At Central Agricultm-al
stablished:
^ ^
Jp
of
Guilds there
Nung-
Yeh*
be established at
At Branch
all
U^
are,
Tung' Shih*
or
(by 1910
B JP
be,
T'angS
^ 1^ 1^ J^
Nung*
this is to
Agricultural
will
Hsueh^
^^
358
Scliool
579
\vitli
iSessions
Tliilf-day
1912), and
to be established in
Ven^ 8bno'
Sliih'
(see
lliii'
No. 61
]g
^ i^
^^
^q\
for
Ch'ang% Society
ronipare No.
7i'.:
the
Nung"^
Diffusion
of
Iliii^
as
This,
in
j)roposed
f^ Chi'
IMenioi'ial
the
hi
Chang^
ne^v
of
Ministi-y
^|J
I'Mucation about
Industrial
the
^ j^
designations
^^
Vu^
^ ^j ^
Hni^
Ilsiieh^'
Society
and
(Jhairman,
.iic
No. 770).
Peking.
(sec
<
is a
Nung^ Kung'
Vu"'
Cinild
from
Ilui'
Chang--,
1'"''
Vice-
T.i'
Tsimg^ Li^ and ])^
(compare No. 770), nnd there have been instituted 31^ ^'
in Handicrafts.
ff\ ]\iuig' Veil' Yen- Chin' So', C,ourses
become
ChairniJ.n, have
|,|l
Jl Hsieh'
J>g
MmW:'m'^m^
"On.
1 Cn'
Shih^
in
h"ang\
Here
19().s.
\\\\*
Nung'
No.
is
Ilsiieh'^
Ill
the
^^
re])lv
of
thi;
Manchuria,
ff
Ministiy
by
proposed
Memorial of the
f;j^
established
OlHccs,
udminister"d
Agri-idturalist8
ei^^hth
^ ^-
Nung' Cheng^
by
j|"
(.\griculliu-al
Vj*
I'
Workmen, ^f
.il!
Sliili%
-^l"''
;i.V..
Ilsii'
at
and
anc/
the main
cities
districts
there
T'ing',
Agricultural
Ktiaii',
I'^xpericnccd
Nung''
<)nicials)
Industry
Agriculture,
|il-
l)i!cend)er, 19()H.
.")tli
are
'^I'i''^
and the )^ f^ ^^
{sec No. 463).
770c.
^'""ff'
opened
Metropolitan Botani<-nl (iarden
iound a i^
1: Kao' Teng^
f#
{see
T'ang''^, Higher Agricultural School
6():iA;,
)ftice
'^I'il''
^'I'i'iM'
of
the
sixth,
seventh,
Mechanical Mngmcers,
^"'''S
C'crks, and
i;-^
^f
770a
tO
^^q^
770d
to
Mi^fi
In
770d.
addition
to
the
mentioned above
institutions
^il^^^
So\
No. 617b),
of
^ ^ ^ ^ j^
in Sericulture (to
4.
^^il^^r
^^M^
t Ch'a^
Ch'a'
Wu*
Chiang^ Hsi"
So^^),
Courses in
(also
Tea
Planting
(in
^ ^ ^ ^ Ch'an^
Ch'a^ Sheng^Feii';
No. 617b).
771.
For the encouragement and developrnent of industry
there are (or will be established) at Peking, and in the provinces,
see
the following
1.
rn
^j
Kung^
years
existed at
to
Chii^,
WiMW
agement
-^.^^XMU^PJX
C'hing' Shih^
Kungi
Yeli^ Shih*
Emperoron
ment
of Industry
(see
360
fi|-
the 23rd
Encourage-
K'o\ Sections,
i-e.
it
^ ^f
-i-
all
J'l!
f^;
Li''
Wl n:
for the
Chi'
^"l-
pjli
Ch'iiaii'
Wi
^Ij
Kimg^
of Industry
Encouragement
1911 at
to be established in
Exhil)ition see
Xo.
Embroidery Workshops
'7lA.
Tfr
g|f,
and
771a.),
t!j
{see
^ X P(
.1.
No. 464).
Pj^ ?'J
Ffr
'Shih'
^'li"'g'
Ch'iian'
Kung^
"
CliV-n" Lieh'
.
So\ Metropolitan
4G4 and 771); founded
1906
J'^neourageat
Peking
in
Regulations).
Tsnng"
ILich-
Li",
Li',
Stewards.
The Exhibition is
Superintendents, who
It
is
Technical Section,
Section, and
To
4.
Section,
.'i.
![>(
four Sections
in
arnuigtd
2.
^ ]&
Ty
1.
\i'^f
ioC
Yen' Ch'u^
^''''iS
Information
Wi
is^
^''''=i'
Chih^
J'^'"^'
^ }k
^'i^'"'
J3I
J]^
J^i
by two
Shu^ Wu^ Chang',
are assisted
Assistants,
two
administered hy
i^l ijf
Li"'
Shih*
Yiiaii-, I'.xpositors.
was gutted by
fire.
Repairs were,
At
ihc-
Yeh^
Cli'iirm'
Workshop
(Jh'ang'',
there
l''xhibition
Metropolitan
the
for
found
is
lljj
^^
Encouragement
of
IndiHtry.
Workshop,
""'^-
cantile
established
^]
.Marine
h^ i\
towns
tlic
^j^
Mel
jj^)
^ W\
i-oiolit;ui
<
1''".^'
''^''''''
ICxper.imeutal
Societies
Commerce, dated
mercial
at
|]||J
2ntli
interested
.March,
in
the
90^1
com-
established at
mercantile
iii;iiiiie.
'I
hesc
771a
^0
773
x_
774
of
are
Societies,
^ ^
and
Societies,
two grades
||^,
Fen^ Hiii^, Branch
Tsuiig^
ll\u\
Societies.
Central
The former
by
|^f Jg Tsung^ T^i^, Cliairinan, and a ^Jj
Hsieh" Li^, Yice-OhaiTman, while the hitter have a Cliairman
The establishment of jNIercantile Marine Societies
alone.
a
are directed
^^
(^
section
is
made
|tH
^^
Hua^ Shang^
Wu*
Tsung' Shih*
Cliien'
Tu',
So',
l)y
of
duties
(the
Inspector
on
carried
instances,
is
appointed a |]f,
under
the direction of
Committee,
the
Inspector are,
accredited
Di])lomatic
Sai^
^ ^ Sf
g^ ^
a
in
some
Repre-
sentative).
^#
tion.
di'awn
up by the Ministry
773a.
merce, this
are to be
Exhibition
begun
77315.
in
is
this
Com-
191 a
(prejiai'ations
^ Shang^
Sai^
Hui^
International
Exhibition
tions
Kuo^
Confoi-ming to the
opened
in.
1913).
MM ^ ^ Wan^
Exhibition.
Industr}' and
of Agricultiu'e,
to be
in
isi
to be
opened
in
191^
1915).
Chamber?
of Commerce.
Reguladrawn up by the Ministry of Commerce (sanctioned by the
i^
Emperor on the
ment of these,
associations
So^ ^" f^
11 th
in
Hui"*,
the place
of various kinds
([]
^ -^
Knuig^
B'?
Hui%
at provincial
At the former, as
capitals and important commercial (centres.
well as at the most important commercial cities, such as Tientsin,
Chefoo, Shnnghai,
1)02
there
are found
j^^j
Chambers
Hui*,
General
774a
Commerce, while
of
Wu" Tsung'
Shaiio:i
fT
If.
^q
^ ^
y^^
At General Chambers
Ll\ Chainnan, and a
of
Commerce
scheme
The
Jg Tsung'
to
Commerce
are composed of a
30 members.
to
constitutional reforms
of
a |jl
is
Hsieh'-
IJi^
there
drawn up by
the
establishment
Commerce
in
abroad (so-called
Hiii^), in
Shang'
774a.
ith*
I^aws
[Vlj
of
^ ^
ll
the
^n
H)!.").
in
1-^ ^,j
The
ill
ill
1911 and
j)reliminary organization
be gradually opened
and ports open to foreign trade;
1914, at prefectural capitals and important conuucrcial centres;1910, at the rhicf cities of departments and districts.
of these
In
^ ^ m ^
be established
to
774b.
i^\
1914.
for
Associations
1911
in
China,
is
to be started in
tiiey will
77.0.
m^'iM^fi^i
'^'"'g'
<^'J'''"^''
'l^'""*
*'''''^'
^'''"''
mining
Tsuni,-'
afTairs,
Li'\
in
all
provinces.
President,
'/J,
JT?
Eu-h
is
llsi.li"'
directed
Li'',
l>\
^'^ 5^1
Vice-rresidcnt,
^ ,
and a number o
776a
Ig ft Kung^
Wu^
I*
Mining
Yirnn^,
Advisers.
^Q
New
-,/>
21st
September, 19a7),
number
attached to them a
the
Avith
Committees unchanged,
left,
M,
were
there
that
exception
^M^^'
of
the Mining
being,
(see
No. 468).
At
are
being
^ f|
gradually
Ch'en^
K'uei^-
%i
^ ^^
Section).
775a.
in
^ |
provinces by
Mining
Kung^ Wu^
^^SM
and
Offices,
fjl
^^l^'^^
Central
Chii^,
Tsung^*
Offices.
775b.
ff
No
Schools (see
^^
617b)
Kung3 Wu*
to
be organized
Hsiieh^
776.
T'ang^, Mining
in all provinces in
or
1911.
Associations.
pj
Kung* Ssu\ Companies
commercial laws, drawn up l)y the Ministry of
Commerce and sanctioned by the Emperor on the 21st Januaiy,
Conforming
1904, these
Ho^
Tzu^
PMi^
to
may be
Kung^
IIo'
Yu^'
'fzu'
Liability Co-partnerships, 3.
Joint-stock' Companies,
and
Co-partnerships,
Hslen*
3x
4.
Kung^
1.
^ 2t
Ssu^,
^ ^ nl
^^^^^
^'^^^^
o"
2.
^^^^^^
^i
Limited
Xung' Ssu',
Ku' Fen^
p\
For
formed a
H^
f;^
Tung^
[
Shih*
364
^ Tung'
|g
Shih'',
Directors,
At
more
first
general meeting
two
^ |g A Ch'a^ Chang*
of,
in the
company concerned.
Jen', Auditors.
^^
465b).
Temporary regulations as
at the
Company Registration
Kungi Ssu^ Chu< Ts'e* (^hii^ (see No.
Bureau,
B^ j^
the
to registration
the Ministry of
Commerce
of companies
(consisting of
18 articles).
Registration of trade marks
776a.
is
904)
Chu* Ts'e*
1
by the
ChiJ'),
(^
^^
Trade
(originally
]\Iarks
^g
^^
U^M
(see
No.
Bureaux, at
Registration
COLONIZATION.
777.
Of
late
years
being
carried
on
Chinese
the
question of
under
official
auspices
Cliihli,
the
along
Shctisi
Northern
and Kansu,
in
occupies
was
the
region
adjacent
1o
tlic
Knci
T'lnnct tribe,
II
ua
Ch'rng)
Ch'i',
<
'e.itral
started,
^W
("olnization iiurcaux
[
.%0
at
Knci
llua
'liS'ng
(K'u
776a
^q
mmm
778
Ho
K'H
^MMB^ M
2.
To),
3.
^Jili?^^^
Later,
established
Erh'
Wu^
K'en^
Colonization
Bureau
Kalgan.
In the
province
dated
Pu*,
Left
the
of
Kansu
of
Wu'
Ying^ K'en^
Manchu
Wing
^^
Tsung^
Ha'
Central
Ch'ahari:,
at
Bureau was
C'hiang^ C-hiin', -^
:^
in
Colonization Buieau of
Cential
Ch'i^,
Gari-ison at
^^'l^'a^
Chii'^,
of the
Colonization
Chu%
1908, styled
1908),
T.ou* Pan^ Ning^ Hsia^ Ahur^
mm^Mm^mi^ ^ ^
the
B^
l\
14th December,
the
Fen^
Chihli,
established (on a
Wii^
m ^^ M & M M B M ^
Tso-' I'
T'ai"^
Ning
penetrating
Wu^
at
K'eu^
^'"'^"'
^'i"8'
K'en'
<^^'l'*''>^
^^''^S'
Ninghsia,
sanction.
Colonization Bureaux
Empire.
778.
M^l^
MB X^
Tn' Pan^
Chiang^ Chiin^
at
Sui^
Ynan^
Ch'eng^
Iv'cir*
Wu^
Ta^ Ch'en^
This
title is
held by the
Nos.
(.see
and 899).
To him there are attached the followingTsung3
Ch'a^,
Officer,
of the
3.
4.
Inspector,
^
^
One
One j^
5.
One
^fj
Two
Seal, 6.
Inspectors,
Officer,
Chief
^ j^^
Two
Interpreters, 8.
Four BI
Ch'ai^
first
\Vir^
Six
IIsun^
IL^.in^
^r<-'-t.
^^
rank,
9.
Pn--,
Pu\
86fi
One
|,f,
ChiCivil
744a.
Ch'a'^
Orderly
Military Orderly
Yiian'-,
Keeper
Shih^
Chinese
1.
||
Interpreters, 7.
Deputies of the
WCm?
r^^ }}|
fj
2.
744,
Ten
.H
^^
11.
Twenty
In
Cli'ai'
'lY'iisr'
addition
the
to
mentioned
ottieials
Wen^ An'
Ch'u',
Chancery
X ^ J^
^~^^-
directed
1.
by
^m
e
One
Pang' Pan\
yuan\ (Jhief
Wen^
(sec
2.
i{^
No. 780);
(,sce
An'* Cli'u^,
Chancery
No. 77.8j;
(see
assisted
is
Two
2.
Six i, 1% '^ M.
Assistants, 3.
the
^ ^ |^
^ |g
1.
by
|/jf
Kao' Wei^
^'^''^^
An' Wei'
M M '^ M.
Two i^ ^ ]^ f^ ^ ^ Shou' Fa' Wen^
Yiian-, Archivists,
Four ^ f^ ^ ^ Fan' P
Chien' Wei' Yiian^, Kegistrars,
Wei^
Four
^ Ssu' Shih^, Clerks,
Interpreters,
Two ig ^
Assistant
Shih',
Interpreters,
^
Two
Kevisers, 4.
('liani?'
5.
G.
7.
Yiian^,
^.
9.
T'luig'
Four
11.
778),
M f^
it
IJ"'
780.
One
Pang'
<
,|J^
hih'
ll
^^
Ssu'
if
li'j
ChM^
T->ung' Pan', to
Hui^
Fonv
Treasury
whom
Associate
I'an\
6.
Two
4.
Ying* Wei'
j^^
||g
Fom
Kuan', 10
12.
Ten
No. 778);
(j,<?<'
Yuan^
Tw..
6.
'](
Shu'
Shou',
Fom-
D.
Foiu-
Ten
follows
Una
:
3.
Two
o.
Fom
1.
j/;
-^
Ih'eiig
Two
K'li
liS HjI
li'n
Tsung'
U? I'angi l'an\
\fi^
1.
Ho
T'o
I'an-, 2.
Two
^^
Two
'1
;;--
No.
s>e
;;^.
7.
781.
Kuei
U)^
|}
i{*
One
2.
Fourteen
K.
=p-
Xo.
(..er
Shih%
and
Shou' Chih'
I'an', Assistant,
One^
^'^
Kuan'
r.uards.
1""'^S
|/jj?
|/jj5
Yuan', Auditors,
.->.
g;-^;
I'ii'
^^
4^
dire<-ted l)y a
1.
p]
Cli'ai'
777)
is
at
as
'i'
(i.
779
to
for
above,
a
is
and
niiik,
Tiao\
Four
I'roctors,
fl^;U
j^
781
782
to
782a
^^MWi'^M.
Yikn^
of
^^M^^^
Four
Colonization Accounts, 8.
Four
Judicial Commissioners, 7.
C^^'^^^' C^^'^'
'^s'e*
Two jHjj ff ^'
Lii^ Chang* Wei^ Yiian^, Land Surveyors, 9.
Chang^
Hui* Wei* Yuan^ Draftsmen, 10. Two
Wei'
P
Yuan",
M. Fan^
An* Wei^.Yuan^, 11. Two
|i
^^^1.
H
^ T'ung^ Shih*,
^ ^ Shui
Four ^ ^ T'ing^ ShihS and
13.
Four
gi^Q^s^ 15,
Four
Two
12.
ii
Fourteen
14.
16.
Ssu^
ShihS
'g* Ch'ai^
KuanS
^^ ^c
Twelve
17.
H^^*
The
and
above (Central, at Kalgan Branches, at Feng ChOn' T'ing
that
to
similar
Ning Hsia T'iig) is, with almost no exception,
;
just expanded.
782.
H^ H^
Wu*
K'en'
zation
Bureau
at Tsitsihar
(in
has
subordinated to him a
f^
|l^
K'o\ Sections:
K'o\ Section
of Correspondence,
Chi* K'o\ Accounts Section, and
At
a^
^^
T-i'
2.
3.
Tiao*,
^ H f^
1.
It
is
Wen^ Tu*
# ft f^
}& B fr S^u* Wu* K'oS
^ni* (K'uai*)
782a.
Proctor.
M fl n: W ^ ^ tH ff ^
is
Hei'
Section there
assisted
Lung^
by a
glj
Chiang^
They
colonization purposes.
[
3G8
783
RAILWAYS.
to
784:
783.
of
Railways,
and
Posts
1.
'^ Uc '* ^? Kuan' K'uan^ Kuan' Pan'', Government Built and Operated Railways, 2. fh
Chieh*
'g' |i?
K'uan^ Kuan' Pan*, Government Operated Railways Built with
headings
Loan Funds,
3.
|J^ p^"
K'nan^
Ghieh*
Shangi
j^
PanS
Shani;'
At
^p
^
#
Manager.
and
fg
Ul
Pang*"
^^
Assistant.
Pan*,
^ji\
[^ Tuan*, Sections, which are directed by
Assistant
and
Pan*,
Tsung' Pan*, Chiefs,
f^^ Hg ^J? I'ang' Tsung'
carried on in
Chiefs.
On
IS
nil
X^
Railways
Tsung'
p1
Chang'j, Chief
Ch'eno* Sku' (also
Shili'
Engineer, and
X^
("lii*
Shih', or
For the
fi3g
gfl
lllfj
Kung'
conforming
^ Kl
to
^i'
BJ
Ch'eng' Shih',
I;i|j
1''"'
/.'jlj
\^
j^ Chi*
K"";;'
flip
Fu*
the
Ki j^ T'ieh' Lu* Chii', Railway Bureaux,
^ni
""'
Mcnrorial
r
14
^Ij
(also
(h'finefl.
'^"'
:m;'j
Hailway Police;
Ministry of Posts and
'^''"' ^'''"J^^^
from the
]
785
to
786a
l>e
Ministry
now engaged
is
and,
provinces in
785.
officials
of
M^^^
Schools; there
of
in
in this connection,
training
Lu^
T'ieh^
one for
is
for
cmjiloycs
eacli
various
tlie
b)'anches
of
raihvay
Avork.
785a,
scheme of constitutional
Tlie
Emperor on the
T'ang^
MM>^?HW^^
1.
School
ProfessioMiil
drawn up by
bA'
the
1909,
April,
,48th
1909, of:
at Peking, in
i-efoi-ras
C'ommuiu'cations, sanctioned
^^^^
(he
(at
ShihM'eh* Hsiieh'
Ministry),
and
2.
Tien*
(ni'i* .Ohuaii^
Mcn"^ Hsiieh^ T'aug-,
School of Electrical Engineeriu.
786.
III
T>ang2 Shan^ La^ Kiuvf Ilsiieh^
T'ang-,
'
j^iM^^
Railway
province of Chihli
and
Mining
sec
School
at.
T'angshan
(in
the
1.
t}l
^f^I-
Cl^",^'
curriciduin of a
(with
2.
the rating of a
of four years).
;^
jfJj.
No.
He
6.36)
is
assisted
by
^ f^
J|-
and a
fj|
^ |^ ;g
Chai'
Wu*
786a.
is
now
Tsung=* Pan*
Chiao*
Chang^
Wu*
(see
see
Chang^*
No.
(.sv^-
No. 645).
370
^^i^^
2-
!^
^^
fl$M^WM^^
787.
Yeh''
Shili^
Hsiieh^
T'ang^
the
in
and
Posts
of
IVrinistry
instruction
'^^^^
Communications.
Jax*
T'ieh:'
which
is
Pcir^
KW,
It
furnishes
Railway Course,
tiic
mentioned there
last
is
r|4
At
^iEiM^^f
788.
/formerly T^ ^^
<'1'''^''
Ch'uan^
T'ung'
Hsi-
So^
J31 f^
fff
Courses of Instruction at the Ministry of Posts and
Communications.
These arc ananged in two Sections: 1.
Hsi^
So"^),
Wc
'I'-ieh^
?4
li^
l*an\ Higher (term of course for the Railway Se<;tion is three years;
for the Section of Posts and Telegraphs, two and a hall years),
and
2.
f,*ij
('hicir'
ij
Abridged
Pan'',
((covering
one
year for the Railway Section and one and a half years for the
Section (i Posts and Telegraphs).
78Ha.
Kvcning
XWl'f^^ffi
Coni'scs for
1909
J,
tlicsc
7'J-
China
<f
are to
Chiang'
'<u"i;'
Workmen.
llsiieh'So?,
})e institulcji at
all
I>in'-'
^ft
871
Hailwiiy Hurcuux.
ChN.an'
JS ll\j ;,^
Mcrcliants' Steam Navigation
Ifife
Ycli'
('>.;
Clmo'
Shang'
established in
Chii',
1872
787
tO
789
790
to
791
^^ ^^
^y
Iii'^P^^'i^l
transferred
dated
the
4th
May,
the
control
of
the
to
Communications
Emperor on
company wa&
Edict,
report
(see
the
of
this
790.
redeemed
of
lines
Empire were
administration was
the
H^
"^ Tien*
manages telegraphic affairs tlu'ough the
Cheng* Ssu\ Department of Telegraphs (see No. 478), and the
J:
i^
Shang* Hai' Tien* Cheng* Chi^^ Bui-eau of
directly
^^
at
Telegra])hs
The
Shanghai.
Chief, assisted
T^ung' Pan*,
latter
by
directed
is
|i *^
i|^
by a
ifj| ^|
Kuan*
Tsung^
At
JM
^M
^ ^ ^ Tien*
head of
the
Offices, are
Telegraph
To them are attached
|^|! Uj^:
I^i'
Pao*
Chii^,
of Reliefs, and
|J
ff
lj
Iveliefs.
The scheme
790a.
^Ministry
of
with
affiliation
Cheng*
Posts
Kungi
and
the
of constitutional reforms
Communications
MMM
Hui*,
WC
1i!i
International
drawn up by the
pro^-ides
for
Wan* Kuo"
Telegraph
China's
Tien*
Union,
in
191.3.
791.
^Pniistry
throughout
the
1916.
[
372
%W ^ ^
1.
H |^ ^ ^
2.
'^ien*
Tien^
BANK OF COMMUNICATIONS.
792.
Communications
Emperor on
Of
development
the total
the 7th
number
Government and
were issued
Office,
of the
Offices,
were
of assisting
and
posts.
of shares issued,
BO'^/V
of
Memorial from
established, as proposed in
in the
Bank
ii i^ ^1
first
established at Tientsin,
Later, at
Shanghai, Hankow, Amoy, Chinkiang and C'anton.
important commercial centres of China, as well as abroad, there
are to be opened liranch Offices or f^ %}. ^7 Tai* Pan^ Hang^
Agencies.
tlie
Head
Officf,
there
and
this
Fur
I0
is
official
Office,
$^
|/(^
there
is
as
Avell
Pan*,
Tsnng'
attached
each
for
as
one
^|J
Branch
Snpcrintendent,
Vn* Pan"*,
^jj\.
Assistant.
Atlhehcad
Board
of
112^^1?^
of the
Tsnng^'
is
a ^^^
Jf Tsung'
Vicc-l*residcnt.
To
Li'*,
render
Li\
fn
them anv assistance thai may Ix; rccinircd there are deputed a
number officials from the ))ersomi( of the Railway Adniinistra'ihe President, and Vice-President are appointed by the
tinn.
President, and
ti[|f;
Li<
li-
MinistM
ot"
Shareholders, at a general
Shiii*,
Supervisoi-s,
who keep
[
watch
:',7:j
omt
the
^ ^ Tung'
actions of the
792
of Directors.
^^
(for instance, pj
held
For Branch
|g
Ssii^ Chang-'^,
Tsung^
management
Head
Superintendent,
Pan"*,
Office
has
been
of
abolished
^
and
|l^
tlie
Peking
{ser
374
PART
III.
METROPOLITAN PREFECTURE
AND MANCHURIA; PROVINCIAL
ADMINISTRATION AN I)
DEPENDENCIES OF CHINA.
^ ^
"93.
Shun"
JM
T'ien^
The
Fu,
Prefecture.
793
]\retropolitan
the }^
is
Fu^ Yin^,
^q
^^
Poking (4a
and
2.
Shih*
one
}^
the
:tf|c
M ^ M^
Kuan^
^'li'"i'
Shun'
Governor Adjoint.
^^'^u"),
of
^B
H'f
793a.
f(^
r|4
capacity
in his
'J'his official,
is
(see
704.
This
title
Yin'
usually borne by
is
the
of
Vice-Presidents
or
Presidents
Fu^
Fu^
T'ieni
various
Ministries.
7"J4.
'riie
of
personnel
;.
Hsiieh' Chiao"
Tao*
7a
5.
One
1.
(also
|l|^
7a
^ $M^
/f|
850), 4.
(jr.?^No.
One
Shou*)
One
(sre
No. 850),
3.
^ |g
Chiiig'
Two
Li';
7n
794a.
Prefecture
Th<;
is
^|j
central
concentrated
of
adminltration
in
[
two
districts
S77
3|||
Two
Fu'
| Hsun*
flR
Ssu' Yii";
the
if,
//If
jg ^jj
Liang^ Ma T'ung' P'an") 6a (see No. 849), 2.
Chiao" Shou" (.-Also M%}fi^!^i^'i ^\iun' 'Men'
Hii '^
f^^
of
'^
Prefect
;/c
{see
the
No. 850),
One
6.
,(j
f^
Metropolitan
S5S
^'^^
Using'
795
to
796d
(tlie
Hsieu*
Chingi
is
C'hih'
^^ ChlW
^ij
Hsien')
Ching'
As
6a
officials
795.
At the
of these there
each
No.
To
^
3.
T'lno;^ (sre
lU
,^
795a.
T'ing'^
No. S46),
Thou'
jf]
No.
(.svy
Prefect
Four
1.
8-IG),
and
]?
m ^ M m
^a
Sub-Prefect
for
ChihS
T'ung-^
Eastern
Five
2.
these
ff^^^^m
the
to
aiitiiority,
liead of
H ^U ^
Tf,
856).
yjc
territorial
regards
Tlsien^ (al.o
{sec
I^ Wan^^
Z|l
Lu'
'I'lnig^
Police
Tao^
Pu^^
Att'airs
the
of
795n.
P^ Ji
'iS
Is]
8ul)-Prefect
Lu^
Nan-^
for
Police
Tao*
Pu^
Affairs
of
the
^ ^ Huang-^
Chih\ Sub-Prefect
has
official
m^m^^m.^m
795c.
in the district of
Ts'un\
Lu*
HsI-
department
and four
of this
p^
^^
official
Waii^ P'ing^
there
aie
?l^ 'f^
Hsien"*..
a department
districts.
^^m':^mM%\\
795i>-
T'ung2 Chih'.
Section of
resides at
^^
district of
six
Pu-^
^ j^
J^
and
the
l^el^*
Lu-
Pu^
|^
Prefecture
Kung^* Ifua"
Tao* Ting'
the Northern
(compare
Ch'cng^
to
the
No.
^578
849),
South
of
official
rUKSEXT
^"i-
3^ fj^HlfjlS
111!:!
<
Pcilii'i-
'iiij)-
into:
li\i(lc.l
DAY'
ol
tlic
1.
the diioctio!)
iiiidcr
Tsiuiii-
Dotaclniu'iit.
Ea>t('rii
4.
meiit.
j^
=f-
|;^!
2.
Hsi'
J'^
Lii\
Xau''^
ji"-^
is
(.'orps
Tsimo-', and a |E
rii'li'ii'
T-lLM-'.
;;.
This
Yin--,
^-
fJ^
<.l"
Pir^ T:.o*
I'lel'cfturc.
.Motr(|H)litaii
7o2k and
Nos.
{src
^^'
j^ jj^
Lll^
Tiinj;'
Wt'stcni Detacli-
Lu',
Soiitlieni
Pa-
|l5l
and
Detaehmciit,
Nortlieni
P<i''
7D(!.\.
Peking
or " Five
C"h''ng-
uadrr
Citio.-.'"
its
w:i.s
supervision of two
Hvr
ranks:
.F .fi
1.
(<iA
.Mai;i.stiatc
-'
.fS
districts,
J5
13
Magi.-tiatc
Kuan'),
a. id
.'i.
(7 n
fj
official of
^^'^^
rf? iti
-harL,'e
".trecfs
orthM-
of
pj 'y*
^su^
ij '* Fang'
designation,
Jail-Warden.
and
Police-master
Mu',
maintenance
and
was
was
in
The
good
ordci', of
]tresorvation
in
the
of puhlic
^a\]&
Prcfccturai
nth August,
7?Ki<.
tlii-ic
T'ing',
TOdu.
the
icpair,
Kuan'),
Assistant
connnon
Li*
/^ Chieh' Tao'
the
^^ "^
""i'. Police
^''''1'''
^]J
^^"'
designation,
^^=^' *'^'"'
'"'."'
p3 SliJtulT^
Poller
one
J'i"g'
I^R
coiniuon
ftj^
Sliih^
ii'
th.'
Xlirc
19()!n:
jK
Constitiitioii:d
BFJC
f^
compare
Wi'l
fS
{{.forms Otli.c
Xc
lO'J.
ll^"'"'
*''"^"-'
'''""
the IVefeclurai
;it
''^''
O Hi ce
^'''"'^
("'*''
^'^^
;;79
796
to
7900
797
to
798
1.
Affairs, 2.
AfFairs,
3.
Affairs,
and
Jg
^f
^
4.
Tu*
;^
Chih^
Section
K'o',
Financial
of
^ij-
Affairs.
At
{see
is
i\l
Chih* Chung^
No. 793).
The
ChingS YVu*
(Jh'u*, Office of
Wu* Tsung'
Hsiieh^
Affairs, both of
797.
Oendai'merie
Ministr}^
Reforms
Constitutional
'^
^^
^BMUM^
(see
the
of
No.
With
736).
Interior
(sec
new
the
500
Nos.
to
Police
518),
of
this
the
body
details see
No.
At
^ W- ^ ^
MM^^
T'i2
also
commonly
accordingly,
called
\'^
^^
798.
is
For
Wu^
i^'Mil?^
Ying^, and,
^^^^^ ^^^^'
'^''^^
'i'^*^)-
No. 798.
^'mm^'^
Men^
^'
^MW^
Tso=^ I^
M^^
city)
380
2a,
]
^1
Ssu',
Department, administered by a
Director, a
Yiian''
^I" fiI5
j^
[$ f|i
by two
Chu^ Shih^ and 5.
^^
Wu*
T'ingS
also
Chancery,
At
Supervisor.
found
At
.iA,
SiM
whom
^ W % Wi
Ssu'
f^
^Vu',
is
Pan*
i'angi
is
I^ Eastern and ;^
^so^"
I*
^WiWi
^\>
^]
Officials.
Supernumerary
-^ ^^
3a, and
Provost;
^ ^ Ssui
^J
Pi' T'ieh'
X^
ijhS
by
799.
g|^ Yiian''
districts:
dix-ected
glj
I*
^V"ei^
into
two
^ Yu^ 1\ Western.
Yii*,
Deputy Provost
^^
Y'ii*,
Assistant
Senior
Y^ii*),
divided
.Iimior
Deputy
Assistant
Hsieh-
]||
to them:
1.
glj
%. {%
'^s,'xn\
I^'i'S'
Sergeant, and 5.
Police
^%
Pu*
BOO.
Chiin'
the
:v,
^'^^m
n,ri
Police
of
the
Th.-se are-.ic^
Battalion,
||fj
'.f^
M
\V
l*u'
lisim'^
T'ung^ Ling'
'.i
is:
ir*
^"'ing'
shih'
p..*
Gendarmerie.
'^l
'!^
[^j
-^
Hsun'^
Pu''
XanM'ing\
^^outhern Police
"i^
"^'i"-'
''"'
l^i' '^'ing*.
Northern
M^^
"^""'
''"'
liattalion,
( JtS
Pattalion,
)f
^b
Battalion, and
lolice
(g jifi ^i
(Western) Police Battalion.
[
'P:
8H1
'^^8'^'*
^'"'K*>
^eft (Eastern)
IN.Iicc
Yiirg',
Right
799
Iq
800
801
to
801a
the General
-^'
^*^^'
direct control
UhiinS Adjxitant, as
Chung^
Wu^
The
798).
is
that of the
Each
749).
No. 752a),
Yu^ Chi^
battalion
is
No.
{see
as
his
assistant.
Comnumding a
fj;
{see
jgj
I^
;
O/J
see
No.
No. 752c), or a
a
commanding
No.
(see
headed by a
f^ Ts'an^ Chiang^ {see
and to him there is attached a J^
752i5),
oi-
recalls
as Conimandei-,
Yiian* Ming''
749)
f\i
^ M S # ^ W- ^ M Hsun=' Pu=^
Shou^^ Pei*
"-0^ ^f
No.
749) is a
!lf|
fj
commanding a p] Ssu^ {see No.
.^hao'' {see
801.
}n
^llJ
#P'3^j'ili^li
Ching'
Ko*
Shih^
Men'
<^'ity
.sve
Two
1.
(one in
Gate
4b,
of 'the
2.
Gate (more
|I|I
jEPif] TJ-^Tlli
Tsung')
6a,
3.
Two
(one
in
Chinese
the
for instance,
Yii^
City)
7a, and 4.
prj
(^I'len^
|d{
P1l^
^^ Men'
Gate Guai'ds.
801a.
g"
(fo'
%,
^Jsin* P'ao")
was
[
fired,
382
towevs repeating
Pu*
there
are
nor
gates,
At
station.
Igj 'g*
ff
Alarm-signal Guns
fi^ fjg
Alarm-signal Guns
Contr^oller of
Kuan^
1.
namely;
retained,
jpl
appertaining to signalling
been
of the
men
tlie
Kuan^
P'ao^
I^sin*
4a, and 2.
Tsung'
^ fg
g^
Assistant Controller of
oa.
As
801
R.
^^
Northern
('ity)
seven to
styled ^[^
To
central
Qll
one
is
the
f^^ f"]
Cheng' Yang-
Mrn=
TaV
and
H^
fcollo-iuially,
P"]
(collo(iuial!y,
|l|i;[
the
the
^^
|:^
Ch'mig- Weir
["J
P^ Hsiian>
in
Men',
^^^'^^
i'T
\Vu^
'
Chih*
the
Men'^ (colloquially,
Shun*
PT
?j^
is
i\Ion=
of
place
the
the Yiian
designation ||(^^ ;(k P'] Shun* Ch'eng- Men^ used during
to the
one
the
On the North there are two gates
Dvnastv).
East
Dynastv
tl'L'
^
the
f-*!
11^
the
is calleil
'(g
An' Ting'
P'J
T('-
PT
M<'-n'
Slirng'
On
^. p'J
Southern
is
rullcd
the J^
fduritig
the
to
the
Yiian
Yuan
West is
the one
l\ P^ An' Clun' Men^) and
PI
Ch'ao'^
Dynasty
gates
Vang''
Mrt'^
(oollo<niially,
North
is
the
'Jlf
^
pf]
((ij
pfj
]fi p'J
P'i'igllhi'
Chih-'
[
Ts.''^
:J3
Men'.
]
the
801b
802
^^
the East
is
^^
the
Au^ Men^
P^ Tso^
or
?I
^ P5
1^
pij
To
Chang^
the
I"^
^m
there
is
At
is
to-
p^
the
Wo^
Sha^
pi]
pf]
Men-).
^ ^ P^
(colloquially,-
found
is
the ^j
is
(colloquially, f\^
^^
West, the
-^
(colloquially,
J^
West
Men2
Ch'Lii
(collociinalh
GOVERNMENT OF MANCHURIA.
The government
of
provincial
capitals
T'ien^, or
official
:
Lieutenant-Governors.
Deputy
Military
Moukden
^^
(Chinese designation,
Feng*
\(<
^^
" Fu Tn
Departments called
Tungships" of the
of which there were: four in Feng T'ien
province
])rovlnces,
{^^
T'ien', .:^
>I.|.[
Chin' ChoiiS
|f,
A' if
Ku^'
^^'i-8-'
(^
Ch'iui'
:ukI five in
),
%j] *.
Chiang', or '^ J^
Ta^
p^ A^
Hsing*,
f|^
(^
lla'
^M
Df M U^'^
Ilun',
Erh^
If^
^rh^).'
[
Chi' Lin=^
Ch'u^
lieilungchiang province
Ai'
384
^,
Li-eh'
.^
|f:
fl
(M
^^o"
Feng*
Hsing^
Wu^
La',
l&
San^
Hun^
g| xL HeiCLung*
f:rlr^
Ean^ and
Keni,
Df-
i^
^ 5^
MM
similar to that of
M 7^
^'"^
administration,
Pekintj, headed
and
('h'ong',
corres])ondinp; to the
of Punishments and of
Works
at
Peking.
Following a tour of Manchui-ia (in the winter of 1906)
made hv
Hsti^ Shih''-ch'ang\ President of the ^finistry
"ftf"
was
effected
in
By
Empire.
Iiuperial
i^ Chiang' Chiin' were abolished and replaced by a CiovernorGeneral and tliree Governor-. The officials appointed to these
71*
new
commanded
posts were
draw
to
u]>
a detailed
scheme
for the
of
Decree
mentioned above,
the
to
o))edience
Ifsii
commands
Imperial
tlie
for,
and providing
system of
Memorial from
foi*
in
operation
Tho main
Hsti
idea
Shih-ch'ang
being attained
l)y
in
ttf
the
his
Meniorial,
the Central
as
well
Government
sin<'c
(if
T'ung) and
Militaiv
Depntv
Li<'\ilriiant-(
of
their
as
<!'
tin'
that
|H7fi,
ha-*
Ixmii,
govcrnnntit
al)olitiuii
Jovernors
by
grndually
into
of the
(Fu
'J'u
Taofai'^,
Prefects,
replacement by llinse
on llie
and.
ami
l>i>tricl
Magi-trates,
Department Magistrates
23
:iH',
803
to
QQK
provincial g'overnmeiit
Reforms
Coustitutlonal
new administrative
of Taotais.
IMany
Kirin
and Heihmgchiang,
antl
many
posts
and
see })elow).
B^
803.
S>i^
y^
1^
'J'l^ng'
Shengs Tsung^ Tu^,.
(io^ernor-General of the Three Eastern Provinces.
This official
the administrative head of the government of ^Manchuria and
is
Moukden
(later
he will
accorded to his
804.
With
as
As
regards
this title
Chiang Chiin,
being(compare Nos. 744 and 820).
HsUn'' Fu', Governor
one for each province..
the Banner Forces this official has the authority
])Osition
j|2i
reference to
"^
W|j
^Y,
Moukden and
is
Governor
^#^
.Iiiiiinr
officials
Councillors (attached
superintended
the
to
first,
the Governor-General).
These
and the
second,,
the Chancery,
MM
cDiiBldered
Yamen.
Here were
Ch'eng2 Hsiian^ T'ing', (Jhanccry.
the most impo'rtaut and most confidential affairs of
[
P>8(J
PRESENT DAY
r
'-
OHGANIZATION OF
J'OLITICAi-
ClIIXA.
Ciovernor-General
tlic
to the
niul
At
K-o', Sections.
was a ;^
Section, there
Shoir
$3f
nnmber of
I'
jf^ j^
rank
Also,
K'o'
Ten^:'
San^
rank
K'o^
Tcng^
in
'^7.u'
charge
of
definite
6a,
was a
^^
aiitl
of
Secretaries
^}\
third
the
and
W, ^h
piS
Council,
In
^"
"^
^'
^'''
the
Summer
('ouncillor
^^
fH]
Yiian'-',
au<l
l'
:'i^
*'
Cli'ien*
Shih*,
of specially
uj)
|||
Tt consisted of two
rules.
Sections, headed by -^
p^
This
the
legislation, regulations
S'i
Assistant
Yiian^.
^^'^i*
4b,
CliMen'
7a.
M 11 i^
was
iv,
-^
tlier^
Yiian'',
lH
^4
Assistant Secretaries of the second rank
.3
First
lv*o',
Yijain'",
Members
ii.
Its
officials
and well
of the
Council,
lv'o\
^'j-
Secretaries;
appomted
local
H)(>9
tlur
.Vdvisei's.
])Osts
of
Senior and
.luniur
For managing the correspondence of the (io\ei"novC'haneery ol the general type, headed lt\ a J[js ,'J [[^
reorganized.
(fcnerai a
\*\*
Shii'
\ iian'-,
was
instituted
,it
the
same
time (compare
No. 822).
80.5.^.
il^li/j^l^^^
llsinr
Fang-
Ying
Wu^
Ch'ii',
i(^ iV;
pro\ ince.
\Vu'
li'u^
(Military
Secretarial
is
-J^'
of
in
tlic
foiuid
^j^
in
eacli
Ving'
(jovcrnor-CJeneral :ind
805a
806
to
^*
806a
the head
Chief of
Staff, wlio
is
is a
| |//f
two
Assistants
by
assisted
Tsnng^
^ ^
Pan'',
Pang^
Hui* Pan^
Pan^ and
||||
For carrying on the affairs
Sections:
Ku',
Section
is
WenV
Tu^
Hui' (K'uai^)
]^
Ku^ Section of
Chi* Ku^ Accounts
3.
^ ^ S^
4-
^ ff i^
2.
Correspondence,
Section,
^^^
1.
of the
in
K'ao"^
Ch'a''
charge of a '^
^ ^^ Jg
j^is^
Chief Secretary.
^^
Kuan', Adjutant
and 3.
^^^^
1.
Chih'^ Shih*
ii
Wei^ Ylian^ Orderly Officers,
Wei^ Yiian'^ Revisers.
^^
(one), 2.
Chi^ Ch'a==
In tlie province of Fengtien, in addition to the abovementioned, to the Staff there is attached a 7J^ ^f|j
"g"
Shui3 Shih^ Hsiin* Ch'nan' Kuan' Tai* Kuan', Chief of the
^^
at
il JX
T'ung-'
river).
Chiang^
Tzu'
(also
if 01
T'ungi
Chiang^ K'ou^).
806.
V'$
Chiao^
She*
^^^
headed by a
Commissioner for Foreign
Affairs;
Ssu\
i^
Aflfairs
Bureau
Chiao^
(3a
of
8he*
Shih^
No.-
832).
compare
Foreign
Ssu^
these
Kuan\
Teng'
Interpreters
I*
of
the
first
]-ank,
^.
and
'g*
I'
Teng^
H^^
'g*
806a.
f$
of Foreign Affairs
III
Head
Bureau
Office
'
of a
I*
l^^'^i*
388
At
province of Hcilungchiano;.
W.
i^
PaM^
'^''^""Jr'
IJ}^
Sheng' T'ieh^
].u^
Is
Chief.
Luno= Chiang*
Head
rhi\\
Office
of
;^
Railway P'oreign Affairs of Heihmgchiang Province, and
She*
Lu*
Chiao'
<^'Jii' Lin'' Sheng3 T'ieh'
iM Wc^i^'^B
^^
Tsung^
Head
Chii-,
Province.
Office of
at
Harbin
in
To
for the
of
management
work
sup})lement the
all affairs
Head
of the
Offices of
Railway
number
of
Wl ^^ ^X
l^ranch
Chii^,
stations, }y^
{jW
B^^
T^'ieh^
Offices
at
itM
the
Hai'
La Erh' (Hailar^, ^, ^,
Ang'-^ Ang' Ch'ii (Tsitsihar),
Po' Ho' To' (Puhotu), tL
S ^'I'a^ Lan* T'ub*. etc.
fig (PJ
806c.
^-
<
She*
'hiao'
Chii',
of
Offices
and Trefccts, of
Yamen
Foreign
of Taotais
cities
Si^ ^
The main
)f
At
tlie
T-'nir^
H ^ S tr
rank
^in'^
is the superintendency
814 atid HfOi.
Nos.
(compare
Rurcaii of Civil Affairs there are found
'JfH 'tf
object
of
))olicc affairs
of
estal)lishment
.Manchinia
Kuan',
'-'l'^
its
Plivsicians
'I''";^:'
Kuan',
I'
the
of
rank;
first
Physicians
of
(Ia,
the
and
second
7 a.
In
Ilcilungchiang
pn)viMcc
tlic
been aboIislxMl
post of
onimissioner of
the Sumnier
(if
1909)
and luH duties handed over to the Conunissioncr of Civil AlfairB.
Finance
(see
No. 808)
lia.s
806b
to
m^fll^mm^^B m m Hel^
06b.
CriINA.
:JH9
(in
gQ^
808
to
Qjj
808.
^y
J^
^^^^ W.
This
3b.
is
of
p3
Commissioner of Finance;
(the post
the province of JHeihmgchiang, was abolished in the Summer of
1909 and the duties appertaining to it were transferred to the
Commissioner
Affairs
Civil
of
superintendency of financial
At
Bureau there
the
compare No.
affairs,
are stationed
807)
for
the
^ j^ ^
I^ Teng* K'u^,
and
Zl
Kuan^, Treasurers of the first rank ; 6a,
0- %' Erh*
the
rank
7a.
of
second
K'u'*
Treasurers
Kuan^,
Tcng^
^^^
809.
by a J|
supervised
missioner
^^
Education
of
Ilsiieh^
T'i^
Ssu'-,
Bm-eau
are found
the
rank;
first
educational
of
^^
1.
'g' 1'
Wi^
^^
'^
and Zl
Teng' Pien^
1^
affairs.
Teng^
H^
and
6a,
Manchuria
I^
At
this
Kuan\
for
the
Bureau there
Interpreters of
|g
'g*
Kuan\
Hsiao*'
Revisers of the
'i'
Edu-cation;
superintendence
of
first
Kuan^
rank,
Revisers
in
all
the
T'i
provinces
for
the
administration
of
judicial
affairs.
11directed
of
U^
Vi Ch'i^
a /^;
Wu"
Ch'i^
Ssu',
Wu'
by
J^
f^
Banner Affairs 3a. This Bureau
0]
Bureau
of
Baimer Affairs;
300
M f^ ^
"^ll-^-
Affairs
llsiclr
lu-aded by a
''l'''i',
Tsiino- Li',
Jjg
ami
Controller,
Li"',
^^'i'
^i''*
DcpartuK-ut of Biiuncr
Chief Controller,
Pan',
]*ana-^
ilJj)(:
tO
Assistant
q-^
Controller.
1908
In
similar
The
of
Civil
K'o'
tlie
A (fairs.
At
Ilcilnnochian"-
)& f^
.Min-'
f4
2jf.
Chiin^ Sliih*
f.=f
Shih' K'o\
Wu'
Shn^
K'o',
J^ection
('hang',
JjJ
3.
of
jg ^-
1.
wlio
Chiefs,
are
assisted
hy
glj
812.
Affairs
of
hy
ap])ertainin!;
].retcrs
thn
of
the
Mon;r<>lian
that
])ro\ nice
Mongolian
Ssn'
Avas
'fhis
'.U\.
of
iJaniicrs
.Vos.
(srr
rank
first
Siimnx'i'
vMliiirs
appertaining to
>^1^-^-
IS
Mongolian
T>Mng'
l*an*,
it
Shih',
])rojected
|!^
fiA,
'^
and
I'
and
|'
Trii,n'
Zl
:
Cherini leaniie
the
SS6
ti^,
Kuan',
"^
Its
S92).
^'-'l''
Infer-
TOng'
7a fcompare Nos.
8(1(>
of
tin'
!)(>!>
]i((>.t
of
abolisticil
dcHnitcly
B W. AU
Chief, to
and
^^'"'
'^''if.^'
In
Affairs.
Head
was
'onnnissioiier
:nid
of
the
duties
Head
Office
vested in thf
tlie
]\[r-n.o-^
:
of
Wu^
SO!;;,
Til
of
f^'
]\iiaii'.
and
^Vffaii's
Mon<rolian
-taff inchide
].ropo<fd
f^
Bnrean
Sbu',
in
.Mongolian
establishment
for
Wii^
Mvu<x'
f^ 1^
dire<-ted
ConmiissioncM-
I^
and
Affairs,
Section of (jieneral
K-o\
^}[
Affairs
I'aniier
Sections:
of Military Affairs, 2.
K-o\ Section
J^}\
of
Department
consists of three
ai'c
for
cstahlishrd
]ii'o\int'os
Section
were
Departments
<hargc
whom
Ts.mg'
of
ihei-e
a/r-
ninnber of '
is
iiid(dinite}.
thi-
,^||
3:)1
is
snbordinattd a
n^,'^!
f^'J
^i|f
(']iii%
oflicc
was
^jj^.
811a
a^jM
'In'
Pan',
with a
but,
Superintendent,
this
post was,
abolished.
The Head
f[
Mongolian Affairs
Office of
K'o', Sections
1.
r^'
M ^^
is
Wcn^ IV
Section of
K'o',
X^
^-^
headed by a f
is
are attached
third ranks
Clerks
ij-
^ K'o^ Chang^,
^^
(^
Wei^
Section Chief, to
'fOng^),
Each
Section.
to four
first,
n]
of these
whom
there
second and
Ssu' Shih*,
Ssu^ Shn').
^ |^ Fan'
I*,
Interpreters
(in
H^
For
at the
Head
^^
by
P'ei"^
-^0
Office of
^^^
been organized
Judi.nal Department, administered
Mongolian
Slien* Ch'u^,
jE
and three
At
B Hu*
the
Head
Wei*
^ ^
two
^ T'ung'I^
^ Ssu^ ShuS
Judge,
'^
Interpreters,
Clerl.s.
Office of
Mongolian
Affi\irs there is a
^ ^
]\]a3
Tui*,
ChOng*
:^ Shu' Chi* Chang^, Clerks, four
Ssui Shu'
Shengi, Writers, one skU ^ ^^^^^ ^^o* Mu\ Senior
^^
gt!
|
|[|| Ku^ Hao* Ping', Signalmen, ten
Hu* Pingi, Guards, and 12
Huo^Fu', Cooks in all, 158
men and 131 horses..
Signalman, six
^^
j^^
392
/[^
81215.
Bureau
^ M B
-^
Mongolian
190S and headeil by a
ot"
.Vtlaiis
^^''i'
*''''
iM
Kirin
in
l)y
Atfairs
Industrial
Pi-u\ ince
uitli
8l5,
.^tati"
*'''".
founded
in
^^^
6a, and I^ ^ ^ it
l^
ineluding-
rank
Krli^ Ten"'^ 1^
Affairs
^^'"'
^i*^"^'
|]g
The
OF ClUXA.
813.
lieaded
DAY roLlTlCAl^
PltliSKM
establishment
projected
813a.
ill
10
4a (eompare Nos. 839
7a.
Bureaux
of
of
Industrial
Veh^
<^li'ii:'
to
S39r.):
I'l*
Taotais
Industrial
Tao\
^'
^uund only
'^*'^^'
in
the
-4a
i^i
l^*'i""'
jM.
i'^'li^'t'^
Taotai
840 n)-
to
'i'i^oS
('l''>'r
wt.-re
807).
8l.>.
p]
f^ ^^"'
one
Ch'ien'
:Jf
consists of
K'(.'
<'oimnissi()ners,
''^li'\
i^
iilH
41;
Each
or OA.
Taotai-^
province of
of
l''eug(ieii
this
Ch'ang
three
in
Aihi"
and
h'un,
Umi
^
a
ig
Fen'
llsiin-
ling'
categoiy
in
Manchuria
Tao\
I'.-i'
.S44).
'I
her.;
I'oui-
in
the
^ iiaii
San
C|,'i,ii,
IIiMlungchiang
1 1
jf-j-
Secretaries.
^residing at
is
Ibueau
of
tin;
No.
.Military-Administrative Taotais; \\ (compare
are
there
faotais,
management
who have attached to them
Chief.-,
KKI.
under
Sections,
Section
Tao',
i?J
Shih\ Secretary:
K'o',
jf4
Chang',
or
ll.-.ing
(at
province;
urunpii, or Ilailai).
[
at);;
an.l
T'o
Eo
Harbin)
Shan
and
IVi,
812b
to
816
f^Q
818
E ifl
816a.
816a
of
the
c'i'^'i'ied
3l
fg!
Ch'ang Ch'un
Tsung^
(see
Wn* K'oS
Ciril
i&^^
Shou^ Fa^
At
Registry.
^^
M'B
Affairs,
(Internal) Affairs, 3.
^|\
fij-
Ch'ii'*,
Frontier
of
|j^f^
pg i^ fJf Nei'
1.
Pien^
7fJ{-
^^'c"'
^^
Wu* K'o\
^^'^i'
K'o\
Section of
Section
of
817.
^ i? ^ # ^^ B
:/c
^BM
Wn* Ta*
Pien'
and
ProAince
Yenclii (in
hecanse of
Kii-in
th<^
and China as
The
in
'j
f^
Frontier
^^
P'-^ng' P'^i^'
Yen^
Commissioner
residing
at
province).
dis])nte
Ti.i
(/h'en^,
Assistant
which cropped
u]) in
his
guardianship of the borders of Kirin province, is sxd)o'rdinnted to the Governor-General of Manchuria but, at the
Pan*
direct
-M^^^WmW B iv E
Wu'
Yen"
Ta*
C]l'on^
rf-j)orts
Official
Chii",
Head
snljordinnted
Offices
2.
is
of
in
Controller-General
S:dt
ML^ ^
Affairs (found
^
.nt
'g*
of
Salt
ii^.
of
residino- at
the
Salt
Moukden.
charge of the I^
Office
1.
Empei'or
This
to the
Kuan' Yiin^
Tsung''
Chu^ Head
'04
Pan%
Tij'
^J}^
whom
Director, to
number o Jg |^
there
^^M M
is
Government Agency
Yiin'* Chii",
T'i'^
At Yingkow
is
Transport
of Salt Transport.
Ssu'
Head
Tsung^ Chii^
Offices
of
Salt
Head
Tsung^ Ts'ang',
^"^^
5)"
into |i|
J^^'"^
J^
salt affiiiis in
PROVINCIAL ADMINISTRATION.
Hit/hrr Administration
.1.
n+ H
PJ.
Twenty Two
fl
I'rovinces,
namely:
SK 1^ Yen^ Yim', and
disignation,
'^^
1.
t^;
Ching^ Chi'),
Chiang'
(literary
designation,
Si'
(literary
Tiuig'
6.
ffi
Chin*).
7.
H.
designation,
Shan'
j-pj
Waii\ or Huan^),
f^
Si'
p^ gg Shcn'
Cl.'i..^ and
(literary
Xan^
llo^
1^
Vii*
ijt
designation,
(literary
UJ
i\^
Si' (literary
L.mg-'), 9.
]\\
4.
Slian'
(literary
.3.
K.hm'
[\\
[|i[
Tso',
Su\
^Vn'
"%
SIihm'
:(j
|Jg rjf
2.
rl 1^
Hui'
Jl g Chiang^
Shan^
(Ij ^i
designation,
designation,
-^*
Cliang'),
designation,
jj*
ShcngS The
lung'),
\n\
Jg;
Yii*),
Kuan' Chung',
K).
jTf iHI
Hsin'
Ciiiang'
^--
?!^
Yiieh*).
fn
I.'..
'l""^
Ji^l
<'lii;uig'
4[^
1,
(literary
designation,
Che', or j^
:50.-,
810
819
Pei^ or
designation,
-f
designation,
}^
TnngO,
Yiieli*
IIM
(literary de-
^ M Kuang'
g ^ YiJn^ Nan-
17.
Si^ (literary
19.
^'}'|
Knei"*
(literary
Clion^
(literary
Ch'ieni), 20.
S/^
Chii), jind
Kuang^ Tiing^
18.
Si'),
Tien'j,
literary
TiingS or
^
^ ^ Feng^ T'ien^ rshorter, 1^
3^.^ Liao^
designation,
^ Sheng*
Lin^
Knan'
21.
Chi'
^
^ #v
(shorter,
Tnng'),
22.
M fI ^ Hei' I.ung- Chiang' (shorter,
^^
designation,
designation,
Feng*;
Yiieli^
^. '^
signation,
16.
Slm-^),
('king',
fil^
-^X
ChiangV).
The modern
81 9a.
from
dates
Provinces,
Sheng',
the
time
of
the
-Jjj
Yiian^
in addition to the
departments
of the Central Government, styled 4* fi ^^ Chung' Shu' Sheng^,
thirteen Provincial Governorsl^ips were established, under the
title
of
^ ^7 ^
Fft
to
Dynasty (1368
the
title
^^
the
first
Hsiian'
^
tiee
llg
conrmenced.
The
fifteen
Ho'
Tung', IShan'
Si',
Chiang'
Si',
Si',
Yiin^
Li),
and Jl
Nan',
Nan'"',
Kuei* Chon',
Chiang^ Nan^
4fc
]f *|
P.-l^
Chih^' Li*
Nan^ Chih'
(Chih
Li*).
(or
it ||^
In the reign of K'ang Hi (1662-1722) the
province of An
Ilui was formed from a
of
portion
Kiang^ Nan', the latter then
similarly,
[
3!)(;
partition
provinces
Nan".
of
Sh*n'
At
and
Hsi',
Hu^
wliicli
the
Avhicli
Peli'
and Hu^
entitled
are
tliey
still
two
into
j^ ^^
cfenerallv
The province
of
Kan'
Sii'*
l)cing
ire
No. 802.
For sub-divisions
see
No. 846.
819iJ.
in
of
new establishments,
connection
in
the
>vith
gradual
"'
drawn up hy
Tsnng' IIo^ Kuan' ('hih'
]rovince>
u the
ill
'I'm'
('h'<'u';,
C^^ j^
sanctioned
'i'liese iro-ul.-itioii-;
"j*/
{jjlj
-^^
[^
the lOinperoi-
l)y
are refilled
fn
I.mv
I..
vai'ious instances.
2^-
)^ ^?
designation,
Tsung-(
{jjlJ
i|i:
MmM
SiniaiV
flu;
'1^='^
(iovenior-(i(Mu.|al
'i'u',
'''^"'.tr'
<
{|ilj
;i(
hih*
y^ffiSft
<"l'il'S
.Ministry
of
Ilsieii^
Wai' and
with
being,
597
>^i
\\\\\
){.l
Shu'-t'ai^
the
title
ajho,
({.'^
e\
'x^
("hih'
Cliih*
'J'a'
[jjlj
olli(i:ii
lit,
"f
coniuiiftee
s|)eci:i]
lii\
and
\]\\l
l'i-esident
ol
ofheio.
an
fAj
^,
|lf[J
,IJ:
SlQu
to
820
820a
tQ
820b
himself
15
.^ Pu^ T'ang^
establisiliment of the post of
see
To
5^6^
Governor-
No. 819a.
his*
luicler
the military forces, and he has the right of direct reports to the
Throne.
At
820a.
I^i'
^^-'ih'
M U.
Ill
Governor-General
Tsm)g3 Tui,
^^
of Kiangsu, Kiangsi
^ j^
jff
Fu^'
Hunan
provinces,
Wuch'ag,
5.
Chou^
>ijf
Fn^ Foochow,
Governor-General
Tu^,
residing
4.
of
ji
-y-
^^
at JE^
Wu' Cb'ang^ Fu^,
Shen^ Kan^ Tsung^ Tn^, Governor-
provinces,
7.
ffi
III
Governor-General of
residing
If,
at
j^lj
^*^#
Kuang'
C'hou^
and
j>l>\
f{^
Kuang^
Kuangsi
Fu^,
Canton,
at
J^
|[^ Jfj
Ch'eng^
Tii^
Fu%
/j^
Kuangtung
^H#
Hupeh and
^i
General of Shensi, Kansu and Hsinchiang, residing at
Lan^ Choui Fu^ Lanchou, 6.
Liang^
pjg
|f|j
Tsung* Tu^,
of
Governors-General
nine
are
there
preseit
Hilli #
1-
residing at
^^
fff
No-
803).
820b.
H P
E Sani
ii f i;
398
1861 and
cstiiblislied in
apiieitaining to
(Jhildi
who,
it
thei'efore,
Trade
Similarly the
Forts.
provinces
(iovernor-Creneral
referred
is
of
title
as the
to
[^
'^ ;^
for
the
the
of
;/<
'{^^
4fc
Nortiiern
Kianc"
Lian*;
^^an-'
1^^"''
\'ang'-
Ta*
No. 476).
M^ MM^
20c.
This
Associate Governor.
Oeneral
Manchuria.
of
Kuan^
'^'l"^"'
title
borne
is
Fnkieu,
(see
po.'^t
of Governoi- in
the
^\uU\.
(Tovernurs-
Huknang, Shcnkan,
{see No. 820a ), there
KiiU.-u,
liupeh.
by
ha'
Minche,
Chihli,
Hsiiir
'hildi,
Yiinnan
No. 821a).
820D.
jnj
iL
ig
jpj
,^i|
Ho-
Tungi
and
the
^\ 7K
Ho''
of
Tu'
Tnng^
is
Shni^"
Chien', and
.-iiperintendency
the
o\ei
th<i
:;^:
an abbreviation of the
jpJ
names
i2l IfS
the
endiankment of the
two
con-i>t
|i(
j-nj
jpJ
i)roviuce.-
the
ui
Huang' Ho',
tiie
"^
designation,
Director-General
maintenance of
1^
fS]"
The Yellow
part
1.
:{.
|^"
inj
and
Riv.-i-.
:lt:
^nj
l\.i'
provitu-e of Chihli)
ilic
S-.wr llo',
2.
)j|
provinces of
Ibr.
JpJ
-^ Ho- Tu'
[
r:-..;.
1.
One m charge
of
liie
820o
^q
S^^On
'821
to
821a
Ho^
Nan''
ypj
residing at
the prefecture of J^
^ J^
whose duties
transferi-ed
^^
One
2.
General,
^'J'l
(.-hi*
in
and
Honaii
or
One
the
Ho'
MMX^B
in
Fu^
tlie
of
Kiangsu province),
Liang Kiang GoAernor-
tlie
;TiI
Fel)i'uary, 1902),
(in
'^^i^"' Li'
to
C'hou',
Shantung,
M JM M it
Tao*,
Huai" An^
charge of
Ning^
handed over
wei-e
3.
Avere
'^ ft fi
according]}-,
latter,
^^
Tao*,
ipj
Governors of
being
styled
Ho' Kung'
^''''^'"^
charge of the
to the
Wu^
Shih
and
^*^'i^
4t fpj
performed by the GoA'ernor-fieneral of Chihli.
For
&
ff
*[5
Ho' Piao\
^2L
see
No. 749.
5i^
rff
Shuai*.
This
M LuVChiini Pn^
War, and |p
Yii*
^S
official,
ex
the
2b
official
vnj
bears
designation,
^
epistolary
^ la' Chung' Ch'cng'
^ ^ Fu^ Hsien*, and
of
the
^ '^
Fu*
T'ai?,
t\t
Fli^ Chiin',
officio,
^5
literary designation,
War), designated
style,
of
gjt
^f|l
titles
f?i|
m|5
^ f*
f,]\
^{ f]
Shih', Yice-President
of
821 A.
1.
iCMMM
^-
fj^
j^
|jt
400
^^
/j^
Yn\
Ch'ino''
3.
Ankino:,
CC 09
jj^ IjE
hing^
4.
CC
J;^
SS
ii
'
he^
FuS Hangchow,
MM
M^
5.
Nan*
Chiang^ Hsiin*
Choui
Hsun
Hsi'
^ -^ ^
]>roviiu'e, residing at
Hu* Nan^
Hang*
jjff
Hsiin* Fu',
Honan
1^1^
province, residing at
^^
Tiing^ Cluin'
^l^an'
^ "^
province, residing ai
f^
)f^
Fu^
('\n^
<
Nan-' Fu^, 8.
IS J^ ||
Governor of Shensi province, residing at
m^
llj
i5S i^ ^^vani Hsi' Hsiin' Fu',
J^ Hsi' An^ Fu3, 9.
(iovernor of Shansi province, residing at ;jji^ |^ /j^ T'ai^ Yiian*
Hsin^ Chiang' Hs^in' Fu^, Governor of
Fu', 10.
^fM.MM
Hsindiiang
province,
Urunitsi, 11.
,^
residing
}(
31 Kuang'
y^ 1^
Chou'
Kuei*
province, residing at
Jtt
at
Hsiin"
f^-
}{.f
fv|c
i^
f ^ J]^
Ti'
Hiia*
/f!f
Governor
Fu\
Kuei' Yang*
Fu^
Fu',
Governor of
of
12.
-^
Kueichow
^ ^ j^
13.
^n
Lung^
r'liiang' Hsiin*
residing at
'^
n;^
MM
fH
Cli'i*
Gh'i-
Ha'
Krli', Tsit<iliar
srr
No.
H()4).
The Governors
of the pro\incesof
Kueichow,
Chekiang, Hunan, Shensi, Hsinchiang, Kuangsi,
Kirin and Heihingchiang are, to some extent, Buhordiiiated to the
respective
(lOvernors-General
{i.e.
see
uf
Yiiii
Liang
Kiarig,
Minchr
Kueiand Manchuria;;
iinpoi-tant rq)ortR
from these
^^
Hui^
T.st)u*,
from himself
g22
their
(namely,
Manchuria,
Chihli,
and
Szechwan
Liang Kuang,
Yiin
perform duties
of this, bear the
Kuei),
"
to
appertaining
(Jhien^ Kuan'
1^
j;^ |Et
Governor (see No. 820c).
title of
# Ji Tui Fu^ or H ^
822.
Chancery
^ J& '^
pf]
Fu^
ifsiin^
Shenkan,
Hukuang,
]\Iinclie,
Shih*, Associate
Liang' Yuan*.
^^
Tu^ Fu^
Ya2
"Men^
]\Iu*
Chih*,
of tlie
The
(compare also
Chancery
Sections:
^ 'S
1.
No.
805)
/^^
is
composed of
Section of Foreign
'
Affairs, 2.
K'o^ (also
4.
|^ f^ Li*
^ 1^
M^^
f?l-
K'o',
Li^ K'o^ Section of
Ceremonies, 6.
of Education, 7.
of Szechwan, |^ ?g
Affairs,
8.
f^
^^ Min^
Tu* Chihi
^t[
Chiin^
|3[
ij^Jt
of
fif
10
Finance,
Hsiieh^
Cheng* K'o^
(in
9.
Affiiirs,
^^
5.
K*o\ Section
the province
of
Military
MX
i^]
f4
%^
is-:,
^ ^ f4
and a
^^
Affairs;
and at
Tsitsihar, a
^i[
Pien^
Wu* K'o^
j^
402
Ch'i"
^if
Section of Frontier
K'o\ Section
At
head
the
of
p^ ^
is
or
one,
Li^
Viian-
S/echwan province
^^
Yiian^,
nnniber
^ '^
Fa'
Shoi;'
Secretary,
of
])rovince,
Ji{!
]]J[/
^Ij
^
Fii^
re])lacing' the
Memorials,
ff
Sliili*
indefinite
T^
tlian
called
are two
Knangtnng
(in
Writers of
Wii^
'iVan^
I'ien'
of Frontier AiTairs).
there
three)
^ (^ ^^
AHairs, and a
^Mongolian
Kuan^, of the
forniei' ^/f
Clerks
Tien'',
^ Shan*
charge of
in
In
Iisiao% Wi-itcrs).
to the officials
mentioned, there
Kegistrars, and
Yiian'-,
first,
f^ Shan* Che^,
Shu^
|||
Shih% Writers..
of
the;
'
of
the
(jiovernor-General
ranks:
1.
Foreign
Afi'airs,
A Hairs,
o.
Supplies.
-5^
'1.
M
^fl]
'^
\Xru-
the
the
to
following
Secretary of
^n\
:^
of
Ku*,
Secretary
Hsiieh^ \Vn^ Wen'
and
Affairs,
of
fffieials
Yang' Wu^
CliMen-
attached
Siyu),
Avcre
Govciiioi*
^ f^ -^ ^
-I.
ivlucutional
or
'B '^
'ft'
Xo.
(compare
provinces
.5.
(t^ ffj
jfl]
and
Finances
An%
Secretary for
Wu^
Ving"
llsing-
Ming',
H22A.
Bureaiix
with
#lifeg
Jg'ilif
of
'onstitntional
McMuorial
llsien^
Chw
Cheng'
Reforms; established,
Kegnlations
Emperor on the ;50th dannars,
for
Conuniltee,
the
fi-oni
for Constitutional
Fei* Th'l,^,
in
accordance
Drawing
(lovermnenl, sanctioned
liJlO,
at
ihi-
hy
Chanceries of the
is
til'-
Mini.slricK
Bureaux
and
ji(
of Con>t
iriu<-ipal
[
1^
it
\i\\\
ul ional
uj)
the
IjSj
Hsien'
Their
(
hcng^
Peftirnis, instituted
i03
822a
823
A
824
i.e.
and
to present,
regard to
the
Ho^ Chuan^
K'-ao'
of the
Government
On
^ ^ ^ f^
of
Bureaux
the
Constitutional
of
object, but
having
for
the
were
instance^
abolished,
differently designated,
-^
Ch'ou^ Pei* Hsien* Cheng" Tu^ Ts'ui^ Ch'u*, of
other
Reforms,
same
the
institutions,
f^M iUM
Szechwan
province,
^^
^l^ ^
the
Ho'^ C h'u*, of
i^
Hsien*
Cheng*
^ H ^ iC ^
Manchuria, the
'heng* K'ao^
<
^M^
Ho^ Chhr
Honan and
of
Shensi, etc.
#^^
823.
General
I"
Governor).
(or
in
provinces,
Hui*
At
questions.
meetings of
this
may be
Administrative Council.
Governor of
foi-med
in
Kirin
to
the
Cheng"
Hui"
Ch'uS
members
nS
addition
province
of two types,
is
in
Hsing2
Thus
Council,
^^1*
I*
local
Yiian^,
jE
^^
This
is
made up
Associate
the
Governor-General
Governor)
(or
[
404
The
Staft*
of
the
Old
Tills is
Tioo])s.
wlio,
headed by a
(glj
tf*
Chung^ (>luin\ Adjutant,
J^ Fu' Chiang*; see No, 752), is in
Fu^ Piao',
i^ Tu^ Piao*, or ^^
official
Hsun'
of the rank of
Pu'^
^lagistrate
Wu^
(iisually
officials
is
Wen'
|^ ^{^
Ilsiin^
Cli'icn^
824a.
Staff of
If
^'^
the
category of J^
details see
staff
Expectant District
see
employ a
^ J^ |^
designated
officers,
1^ Chih^ Hsien*
entitled to
|5
fq(c
Fang" Tui*
Hsiin^
see
No. 706).
For
No. 805a.
825.
Financial
official
Ta* Fan'
epistolary designation,
Hou^
Ilsiin' Hsiian'.
The I^ieutenant-Governor
tlie
^^
^
M
Fan' T'ai*
province and
rci)re8ents
i^
is
is
fj \^ Jl Chan* Using'
\W
and
he
be
absent
from
his
There
province.
jtrovint^es,
is
one
Llcutenant-
I'u'
Chrng'
Nanking, and
Chiang' Niiig'
Ning'
Fu'S
Cheng*
Shih*, n-Hiding at
826.
Governor
Pu*
^j i^ fHf
{scr No. 825).
Shih'',
fl ;^ ^J
j\\
}{,[
Ch.'iig*
This
[
residing
o:>
fifJC
fill
Su' Chou'
al
jX
'
'|f>
/l^f
<'lii:"g'
"''':"'g'
Su'
Pu*
Fu\ Soochow.
Office
]
is
administercil
by:
824a
^q
Q,oa
826a
+0
QO'T
M.%.
1.
Ching^ Li*
(colloquially called,
^^
epistolary designation,
')^^M
(6b
(6b
'^^^
2.
%'^M>
JJ
Li"
fJ^J
^^
3.
(colloquially,
province
^^
of
Tii^
Secretaries
Shih* (colloquially.
(7b
Secretary
4.
Fnkien),
Law
Wen*,
in
only
T'ing'
r
j^; Cliing^
|^
^ ^
found
Mo^
Chao'*
t^eal,
or
the
for
^
in
reform of the
calls for
official
{see
J|
p] T'i=
iV
827.
tion
that of the
ii V
Shih^,
No. 819b)
(^ec
Governor
to.
Ta''
f^ Ts'ang^
3a,
^^
II Jp f^ T'i^ Hsiieh^ ,Shih, Commissioner of EducaThis offi(;ial superintends the educational affairs of the
is
Though subordinated
Governor), at the
the
to
Governor-General
(or
Ministry of Education.
The
{see
province to which he
societies.
its
post of Commissioner of
and
the
one at j^
other
at
^
^
/j^
jlfj
replace the formei- ipi^ Hsiieh^ Cheng'' {see No. 827 a ), on a Memorial
from the Ministry of Education and the Committee of ^Ministers,
Regulations regarding,
[
-^OG
i
.
f^
^ f^
PRESENT DAY
ORGANIZATION OF CHINA.
PUJ.lTieAJL
and
and
The
authority of the
827a
Qoa
13th
their Offices,
2.
Hsiieh-
T'i-
Ming
1368-1614), as
^^ Ming-;
^^
'
changed
M^
!i
(in
'J^'i'
4SC
827a.
Education, 'or
Hsiieh^
1^
Literaiy
;A:
^^
Tui
^ C
tS ^^
'J^^'i'
witli
high
years to serve
}}est(jwcd the
828.
who
left
Peking
at
affairs
for three
of
their
examinations
prefectural
y^'
(Commissioner
official
educational
piesidcd
degree of
tg^p]
full
and
The
sometimes
Director of Education, or
degrees,
capacity.
("ho').
literary
this
in
Tsungi Shih'
No. 827.
as Provincial
T'ai^; literary
Wen' Tsungi,
'^ Ta'
Chcng^
The appointment
^Jj
M ^ ^^
Hsiieh^
'^u'
Shih'
Hsiieh^
was i^
nf this official
i^
tj^
'^p i^^
styled
titk-
Wcn^ Tsung^
Ta^ Wet- Hei)g2, and
designation,
Hsueh*
of
^^
designation,
(official
^g
Director
Provincial
Cht-ng^
Chancellor
to
Education (also
^f Hsiieh= Wu* Kung' So''). This
fi^
was developed, simultaneously with the institution of the i)0st of
of
('oiiiiiiissiorier
^ f^ J^
feg
'
^/ii?
of
Hsiieh*
Education
Wu'
Tsuiig=' l'au\
pH
i><
'*
To
Chief.
<'hang',
(.svr
('h'u\ wiii<h
<.7
foi'mer
this
Senior
the
direclioii of a
'ouneillor
]
(appointed
by
th(}
828^
to
goQ
]\Jiiiistry
Hsiieh^
The
six
jfjj-
K'o\ Sections
Education
from ^- K'C*
(altered,
is
divided into
see instructions
from
^ P(
Wu*
Tsung^'
l"u'
Section
Common
of
1.
2.
3.
Schools,
T'ungi K'o\
Clman^ Men- K'o\ Section of Special Schools, 4.
ii f4 Shilr Yeh^ K'o\ Section of Professional Schools, 5.
E^
^4 '"^ Shu' K'o\ Section of Schoolbooks and Manuals,
and 6.
f f f\ Hui'^ Chi" K'o\ Accounts Section.
3^ ii P(
M'
F"]
Pi
'^
At
Section
Chief;
Chang^;
Ga.
He
5 a.
To
is"
assisted
fij-
by a
filj
is
K'o^ Chang^,
>f;^
K'o^
Fn'*
an indefinite number of f
K'o^ Yiian^ Chief Secretaries (not
to a Section), pfj
Ssu^ Shih*, Secretai-ies, and
Sim'
ChiS Clerks.
IE
{
^W,W^
tion
Shcng-^ Shih*
6 a.
Provincial Inspectors of
Hsitelr,
affairs of prefectm-es,
sid:-prefectm'es,
For the t|
828a.
sec.
Ij
T'i^
Educa-
of educational
departments and
Ilsiieh^
six
districts,-
Ssu' in Manchuria
No. 809.
Under
829.
{sec
Associations
829a), and
Societies
1.
fj
p/f
for
2.
(see
the Fostering
|^
No.
^^
of-
Chiao^
829b),
the
Public I'^ducation
Yti*
408
No.
establishment
foreshaflowed
{see
of
J^
Avhich
^ f^
was
T'i=^
829a.
Wl
framed In
^^ith
in.
for
829a
are
tO
tlie
829b
i-eguhition;*
conformity
Ministry of Education and sanctioned l)v tlie Emperor on the
stal)lished,
13th
departments and
of
affjtirs"
under
the
at
1906,
May,
main
of
citifcs
snb-prefectures,
their
administrative
respective
control
general
^^
ot^eio, act as
tlie
Each
of
the
and
units,
authorities
local
Avho,
are
ex
Public
At
Education there
MM^
i-
district
is
3^
^j^
"^J'sung^
Pidilic lvlu<'ation,
who
aie aj)pointed
by
^^
|^|j
for the
Fostci'Ing of
the Director.
among
the
people
much
as
as
llsiian'
|^f J5^
education
Ch'iian^
to
Is
possible.
spread
These
Courses are under the direct managi'uient of the Director of theAssociation for the Fostering of Pii])lli- I'Mncallon and are
controlled by ihc local authorities and the police.
H2!)i;.
Societies
(.sec
Chiao^
ff 3"
IS:
So.
H'lU).
Conforming
the
2Hth July,
to
rccci\cd
Kdiuatlou
ronl.it Inns
capita's,
^ T^
(.'entralj,
and at
tlu-
fig
main
^^
to disseminate <'du(;ation
<hiao^
tT
cities of
Fen'
by
[
Tmh)-''
j)ro\inciaI
Iliil*
(i.r.
(bparluuMits and
Their aim is
Ibanches.
j>refi;ctur(s,
Hiii',
means of
40y
\ U'
framed
Impcn'Ial sanction
caile.l
districts, dcsignat?(l
Public
Ihii'.
Vil'
scIkhjIs,
pul<llc
lectures,
830
to
830b
^ -M Hiii* Chang^
One
1-
Chang^,
(number
indefinite),
Shn^
fi
^^
glj
^ ^ Hui*
4.
2.
President,
3.
Vice-President,
Society consists of
Eacli
etc.
pedagogic museums,
libraries,
Members
Ynan^,
Clerks
Clii\
Fu^ Hni*
(number
indefinite), 5.
and
6.
(number
indefinite).
^ ^ [^
830.
Judicial
T'i^
liiii^
-^J^i'ig"^
An"
Hsing'
^ WJ
Commissioner (more
designation,
|j^
This
Hsien'*); 3a.
Lien^*
^g
JflJ
^^ieb^
and
f^
official
SsuS
Fang^
official is in
explicit,
Sbib'
C'h'a-
Provincial
:)^
or
fUj
designation,
T'ai^;
|f{i-
Judge,
epistolary
,^ Ta" Lien^
afi^airs
of
the province and the militaiy post stations (sec No. 754).
Also,
he considers questions of administrative and financial character
Judicial
is
For
Shih^ in
W.B
<^'lii"g'
Archivists
4.
p1
title
(^^^
3.
8a,
^'^^i'
Yii*,
In
830i5.
post of
I-i'
'^^
] Chao" Mo"
Jail
Wardens
2.
(see
^Q ^P Chih^ Shih*,,
No. 826); 9a, and
9b.
fl^
^^
of Judicial Commissioner,
Fengtien, by the
Taotai of the prefectures of Chin Choi:
residing at
^-
Fu and
410
^#^^
^^
.'>.
the
MM
^.M^jf
^If'i'
H30c.
tlie
l*rovincial
Judge
the
a>
together
(sec
TaoS
j^
Iloi'
No. 825)
and
;i^
(see
^ ^M
^'^"'
p]
Nieh''
31.
Affairs
i^
o\
fii
T'i-
f^
Shih^ Commissioner
Fa-*
for .ludicial
and
Prisons.
lie
su])ordinated
is
to
Ciovcrnor-
tlie
At
Affairs
found
is
831nj.
in
hearing this
title
(;alle(l
to
all
Commissioners
the j)r()vinces,
Drawing up
original
of
scheme
.[iistici' in
'51
^-
;i
U: n)
Allan-.
^-
^(^
'i'^"'ig'
ff
th;
'!'''''
J-'ii'
This
fj^ f^'
by the Comn.ittee
2Gth,
for
Government and
November, 1909
(tjui
Wu'
Proseeuting
conespondcnco and
''^'^"'^
is
Establijihmcnt.s,
existing
iJi
th<'
on
sanction
.ITidieiiil
harge of
the
replacing
in this
for
of officials
Constitutional
for
Uegulations
Im[crial
dated the
1910
No. 830).
{sec
received
.Justice,
{sec
.fudicial
Manchuria alone
matters
[
..VttorncNs"
of
411
antl
itself,
economy,
]
tii:it
)fli<'es
*J.
^flj
of .ludicial
and
j^- ^-f
Pri.sons,
Using*
830c
^q
'5i
881b
to
Mill''
and
^ Dt ^
3.
At
882
Section Chief
This
5 A.
is
jfjj.
K'o^ Chang^,
the general
undei-
official,
control of
He
Section.
One "
Teng'
f^ M.
6a, and from pne to foin-
-'^^
H^
rank
At
7a.
on the volume of
iti
Manchuria
(see
^
^^
Cases,
4.
^jj
j^
first
Section this
and
Shih'*,
"-
ft
one i:
his
official is styled
rank
f'
is
$4
M
^^
Cheng* Ssu'
f?J-
-^
Shu'
KuanS
Senior Clerks,
'
.p]
gl]
oj
Ssu'
^f
Fu* Ssu'
Shu'
Sheng',
'
AVriters.
832.
;
^
3a
foreigners are
post
in
rank,
Affairs
the
in
To him
4b).
(see
No. 815;
>;$
interested.
Manchuria
(see
No. 806)
it
412
was
instituted
in
this
Yunnan
province
all
be found
will
this official
in
the provinces.
At
^.^
the Coninussioner of
^^
:i^t$I^J^
'"^'i^*'
^:^l^ia<>'
similar duties.
833.
fg
^^
The
of Customs.
associated
gj^
Kuaa^ Chien^
Ilui-'
Tu', Superintendent
are usually
those of
iivith
the
844).
of
members
the
of
Household.
Imperial
Europeans commonly
^.^mm
H33B.
Kuan' Shui*
of
no long(!r exists.
'Ihis othcial
!Shih^
Wu',
^^ B
\t^
\N
Customs at Foochow.
itii
Kuan'
Kxv.m'
^'J'icn'
.Min-=' llai'^
This
title
is
by the
l)orno
I'^uUicn
Viceroy.
H:53r.
Foi-
Tao',
as
partieul:!i-.s
(.'ustonis
Suj)printendcnt of
Tacitai,
at
(-usl)iris
the s])ecial
to
on
ciiiiying
Tientsin
t^jf
^'^'''^
functions of
the
foi-nicilv
EM jH
likewise, at
(ieneral
VW
of
(iiaiii
t'^
Tran^juut
Tsnng" Tu',
">""'
'J's':<"'
(2a;
literary
('h'ing'
Chiang'
Kiangpu).
He
t*"'
P'u'
'^I'i'''
'>'>.U'%
the J^
(in
superintended the
[
ur.
'i;
and resld.d
l'"ai'"An',
><ysti'ni
]
Director-
designation,
833
at
:>^^
J^
nl
rank
f,?;
fr.
W
of
Wl
prefeclure of
of transpoit of grain by
334^
835
the
j^
Yiin'*
j'fij
Ho^,
The
is
post
now
Under
constnicted for
Avas
non-existent.
,the
Director-General
the
of
control
of
(irrain
Ts'ao'^ Piao^
at the
f^
Wei"*,
there were
^^
Of
carried on
hy
No. 789),
is
steaniers of the
Jg
hy
j>^
5^ Hai^
sea, /
Yiin*,
(see
by the Grand
tluit
Canal.
^3lf^
83o.
official
^^
designation,
Tu^
Yen^ Yun"
3^
Chuan^ and
'la'
:^ ll .^
^1^ Ta* Ssu^
Yiin*
fj]
This
Ssu^
^^
official
Ta*
is
literary designation,
ITou'.
Ts'o''
and :^
M^MW
designation,
'^
(3 b
(otitroller
epistolary
5^ Tu^ Yiin*
^fj
Ts'o^ Hsien*, :^
Fu'').
Salt
Shih^,
AAitii
Yiin*
.Shih
salt
M'M.^
Yen^
(^hien^
^^M
2.
.or
^^
Vi $1
U|
i^
Shani Tung^ Yen^ Yiin* Shih^ Chien^ Yen" Fa^ Tao*, Shantung
Salt Controller with associate duties as Salt Intendant, residing
at
Chinanfu, 3.
'M
Yen' Yiin* Shih^ Chien^
^ M iM M ^ iM m
Ping^
Pei^
Ilsien',
^^^^^S'
^f"^''
Lianghuai
.^alt
^H
at
m m f^
Che*
Liang;*
^ if Jl ^ ll
Nair
(^hiang^
Yen^
Yiin*
Shih^,
^ ^ jM M
Y'en^ Yiin*
Knang^ Tung'
Salt
Kuangtung
Shih',
835a
JlHsl!
Liangclie
Under
835a.
office is
^ jM
designated
l^
"^
P^ Y'en^
fnj
Yiia"'
1.
Yiin* T'ung^,
5^. |p]
^ 3^ ^ 5^
designation,
^
Sfsu'
ChuanS and
Til'
T'ung-
^ ^$
Fu' Chuan^
Chihli and
Distribution
Shansi,
J^
.'i.
one
(also
in
^ Jl
1^'en'
5^ nl
V.-n^' T'i'
|5}
JS
5^
Chihli, oncj
|S]
in
jij?
Iji
f\]
Yun*
1]
explicit,
f^k\^
at ^k
T'ung'^)
H ^ ^^ ^
oB
T'i''
Yen'
Chii^); 5h;
F'an*, Sub-Assistant
^\]
3^1?.
Fen'
vSsu'
compare
Ynn' T'ung', and 5^ glJ Yiin^ Fu^) Git; one in
Chekiang and three in Kiangsu j)rovince, fi. jf^
Pj,
51J
p]
Ven' K'o*
S.SU'
M Yiir
KW 'IV
Ching'
Shilr'
Ta^ Shilr', or
1,^
in
J 'i'
]'<^
Receiver
and one
Igc
WM^Xi'^
Shantung,
^U Chie' Ch'c*
the above
full designation,
1^-
f^
4,
Chii^
in
Kian;:su province
glj il
:|y [p]
vSsu';
in
Fu^ Deputy
rjickiang province,
f^m ^
2.
Chien'
Xi^
two
Y'iin*
glj
(full designation,
styled
5a.
T'ung^
Erh^ and
Ts'o'
Yen'
fp]
fpj
^^
provinces,
^^
;
"p]
Kuangtung
Fu', also
Tso'*
literarv
Yiin^
H.
^^
Ij,^
fill
J"''
'^'"'
LiO
l"i'
Yen* So
[
w:.
IV
'''^'
Shih'),
(.syy-
T.s'o'
Ven' Yin'
7n
(more explicit,
Ven'
J^
fOl
Yin'), Salt
^^'''^'^
If?
^"'<jre
^I ^t |&
SaH Kxaminer;
885b
8a
9.
superintends the registration of bags of salt isMied,
W- i< i^ Yiin^ K'u*
i^ K'u* Ta^ Shih^ (properly,
;
10.
Yen^
fP^
835b.
Associate
Oh'tn^,
Watchers
I^ :^
9b.
Controller-General
of
the
^^n
]^
Ta*
Salt
(iahelle
(lovernors-General of Manchuria,
and Shenkan
Emperor on
December, 1909 (compare No. 369), the mentioned GovernorsGeneral and Governors Avere entitled ||} JiH
i^ Tsung^ 1^1'
Yen^ Cheng*.
The
title
M^ mWi^^.^
flsien"^.
<^'hie'
H"i'
I''i'
^'en'
as Associate
Controller-General of the Salt Gabelle, is borne by the GovernorOencral of,Hukuang and by the Governors of Kirin, Heilung-
Liang('hc,
and
Kuang'tuug
Fukien
see
below)
MWAW^M^
^
i^
Yen' Chiir
(also
^fl
tji
Chih'^),
M^
Salt Censors.
[
^1
are
There
Accordinijly, from
designations
1.
thirteen
^^
'J^
salt.
producing
its
Departments
Yen^
Sheno-' Ching>
(salt
from Fengtien
20
M M^
from
4.
Mongolia),
Shantung),
^}^^
^ ^
.5.
(Ij
province),
6.
^^
Works),
^-
f^
Shensi
province).
11.
\t
Kan>n
province),
12.
gg
^
MW
jll
SluV
Hsi'
^"^^"^
^"*
^'<^"'
Salt
^^'^'"
f^'^''^*
from
(salt
and
\\ ells),
Yunnan
"^
fi'om
(salt
Yen^
province,,
For particnlar>
8.3-3 (.
title is
sometimes
and H4
1.
^30.
f.Jj^
doignation,
ot
in
tJic
:ipj)lied
ilfilj,
5^1
HatfT they
Chekiang)
in
kind.
will
1.
(irain Intendant
\ iin'
Iiikim
srr
Nos. 835
Intendant
(liturarv
Controller,
Grain
Shih^
which
Intendant,
4a
Chief C'ontroliei-
i(?v('iin<'
provincial
money or
f^"
Salt
Tao-*,
Liang-
i^
the
Salt
the
to
a.-
to
he
i'<'taincd
jX
^4'
of
$M
imU
Irili
in
ifi
Kiangnan,
residing
at
fH
%i^
h'u'
(
//^f
\^ HI ^"'
.\mg' Fu\ Nanking. 2.
^X
g^ ^y^^
Intendant
irain
hrn'
T'ai'
Ch'angM
LiangM Ini^ Tno',
(
Prefecturea
of
Sixtchun
Fit.
Snngkiang
117
I'n.
Tao\
hiang'
^""^''
of thr
Clrunjrcliow
Fu,
835c
^q
qqq
837
Fu
Clienkiang
and
Chow, residing at
Chiang^ Tu^ Liang' Tao\
#H
Soochow, 3. )tlf tC
it <-'he^
Grain Intendant of Chekiang, residing at Hangehow, 4.
fg
Chien*
Tn^
Grain
Intendant
o
Fu"-^
Tao*,
Liang^
jg
)^
Fukien,
residing
Nan2
Yon'
S^
at
Fooclum, 5.
Ch'n^ Tao^ Chien'
Liang^
)M
Fen^
111,
M^^
ji^
Grain
Hsiin^
(.9^?
BM
Prefecture of Tihua
Fu and
Li Chow, residing at ^g
the
f^
Grain
f[;
lU 1^
Department
Ti^ Hua''
Chen Hsi
of
Intendants
the
in
xt
Chili
Fu^ Urumtsi.
foUowins:
Grain
Tao"*,
BM
Kueichow, residing at
^37.
(see
No.
Judicial
821),
the
Lieutenant-Governor
Commissioner
(see
825),
the
(see
many
No.
the "Provincial
{.see
(iyr
Government."
These
officials
officials
form a
in
})rovinces
peciiliar committee styled
f^ |!|
Shani Ilout Tsung'' C'hu*,
Board
of
Supreme
Keorganization.
During the T'ai P'ing reliellion, when this committee began to
function
generally,
it
was
called
[
-ll.S
the !^
]
^ ^f ^
,
Chiin^
Hsn^
Tsnn:J;^ Chii-.
committee after
the
iji^titiite
when
calamities,
Hoard.
.Military
Supreme
It
rebellious^,
C!IINA.
warfare
or
tu
])hy:<i.cal
to
be restored.
838.
-^
administrative
ifovernment
|g
4a
the
control
-^-
M % i&
6-
.5.
^''^'''r
I'^'"'"'
l''<'"'
No.
.srr
N38A.
of Judicial
'
if
hJ ji;
(
Ssir
HM:ii-;ni,
M ^U ^i Wi
ll-i<ii'.
''m
'^"''
(how.
For
then."
In
:i-
Lia)ig-
f^
Tao"*,
(ii-ain
lirevet
Hank
paniiiihii--
:i-
this
lisinchiaii^-
tiili
j^l
Jii!l
^ 1$
llsien-, Taotai
the de])artn)ent of
and
(hen Hsi
Van--' llai'
.liidicin!
Oi
holdiii''
''"i'i-
Holding
<'l''*'"'
l;iid<
|g ^'
a (""ircuit, or
No. S44).
s-r
No. 830).
(.svr
(heuhsi
"'='"'
o|i\ct
Taoti'i
Tao',
"omn)issioner
''<"'
(he
to
prefecture of Tiiiua
Li
riiih
Intendant of
SliiJ.
ui
I't.lice
'^'=i'>S
"!':">',
a<
j)articulars
Intendant,
fl'
I.
jM
H!]
S39 ami 8oUa),
Taotai (srr Nos. 840
:
I'inu'
of the
Taotais
catcii^ories of
'.].
5> 5^ it
\'\u-
^<
provincial
epistolary desig:nat!on,
^
^
4.
42),
in
.and 840a),
841),
^^'^i'"'
Tao"*
placed
Chien^ Ssu^.
Ch'iian^
official desig'nation,
oi"
of
llai
(f
lit
urc-'
<
t!ie
liow
Chih
ui
brexet rank
4 1^
I'li
Li
and
"/^
ill
Shili
^'an;icllow
Chow,
hoklinpr
Taotai-
Sioner, srr
'
lln:ii-an
'(lUiiinssionM'
lo
in
Manehmia,
as Judicial
to
(
whom
'ommi'^-
838
to
QgQ^
4.Q
839a
WlMi^
^'^^-
839
THO^
Yeli^
Cli'iian*
Taotai
Industrial
in
official is
but,
Ministry of
He
industrv,
his
district,
all
and
commerce
the
No. 768).
(aec
questions concerning
means
and
wa^s
communication.
within
superintends,
ao-i-iculture,
PJ T'i
addition,
from
instructions
receives
acoi-edited
Fa^ Shih^
No. 830), he
(see No. 754).
see
will
(replacing- the
}^
f|^
An^
Ch'a-
Shih^
and 15
official
No.
(sec
provinces.
At
exception of
New
all
systemi
call
819ii),
all
the
Dominion.
by
originally,
of
Ministry
Commerce (sanctioned
Industry
Agriculture,
and
14
1908; 18
For
see
))y
the
Emperor ou the
the
articles)
articles).
No. 839a.
839a.
So', Office,
composed
of six Sections
merce,
^'-
,3.
M fi '^
a
fjf
^^
Kung'
Tsung^
Wu"
Wu^
K'o',
ff Nung'^
I^ K'o', l^ectioii of
f^ Kungi
P^ f^ ^f Shang' W.i" K'oi, Section of
5^f^
munications.
|| -^
^#
2.
X^
Handicraft.s, 4.
thei-e
1.
V.t2
jfjf
Kung' Wn^
Oh'uan^ K'oS
Each Section
C
is
K'o',
Section
of
directed by a f^
420
Com-
Mining, and
Posts and Com-
Section
of
K^o^
Chang^
C'liiff
He
t)A.
assisted
is
in
the Section of
In
Ceneral Affairs) of
^^
K'oi
^^
8a.
all
found Wl
Fii^
7a.
a glj frf
by
8.51k).
For particulars
839iJ.
as
to
the
Taotais
Tndustiial
in
838)
>{
4a.
^ it
Although
Ministry
the
of
Interior
liy
to
it
(srr
No.
He
;148).
which he
province to
superintends the
is
othcial
the
is
At
all
No.
accredited.
the " reoulations regardin<^- the reform of the
system of
819r)
(src
directh*
Kirin,
Fengtien,
Heilungchiang
and
all
New
the
provinces,
Donu'nion
excepted.
first
1908;
in
and amendments
25tli .May,
For
15 articles; sanctioned by
tin-
liinperoi nn the
190H).
parti(;nlais as to
the organization
of
the
Othce of
tlu-
H)Oa.
f9?
f;JJ
J^
(f)n'Ni^fing of
1'
ni
tlic
Cliiiig'
four
Taotai
Police
ihcrc
ha-
l>cfii
instituted a
1.
i^
fjj
1^
'''s*""^'
Ww*
K'o',
839b
to
840a
840b
to
Q41
Section of General
Aliuiiv-, 2.
^7 g^
Section of Administration, o.
of
^J
Kx.^,
^l\
;i^J;
Ilsino- Clienj^-'
fij-
Judicial Police
the
K'o\ Section
Slieug'
ol9
sec Nos.
K'o\ Section
xVffiiirs
Section
He
5a.
Chief;
^^
^ ^ f^
pondence Section.
x\t the head of each Section
many
tliere
Tu-''
is
by
glj ^}\
a fixed
all
jtolico
(ifv'
posts
iis
^ :^ ;^
Nos. 851
-il-
by |g
and 85 7u).
15
For
84()i;.
Alanchuria
7a.
particidars
Ww*
Ching'"
Chang^, Chiefs of
'g* Ch'ii'
'Kuan',
as
the
to
number
placed a
there are
of
Police Captains
Police
Taotais
of
whu,
l>een instituted
Police,
Corres-
K'o",
Ga.
Also, there is
Chang', Assistant Section Chief
nnniber (three to four) of ^jjK'o' Yiiau", Secretaries
In
^4
^ K'o' Chang'',
^ Vu^ K'o'
^ij-
])lace&,
^ at
the
^^ Wei'
pfj}
Wcn^
assisted
is
j^
sub-divided into
is
of Accounts,
Instruction, and
Section of
4.
Also, in
of Sanitary Affairs.
Section of (iencral
Ilui' Chi-*
519a), and
to
in virtue
of
this,
is
the
Salt Taotai
Salt
soinctin)es
4a
perform-
styled
Salt
8351$).
in
nine ])rovmces
Kiangnan
1.
ilf^^j^j^
at
01 "
Nanking, 2.
'^ it Chiang' Hsi^ Yen" Fa' Tao',
Kiangsi Salt Taotai, residing at Nanclraiig,
iJi
Ho* Tung' Yen- Fa-* Tao', IIotu)ig Salt Taotai, residing at
.'?.
P'ui-how Fu,
4.
^ ^^M^ihW
Fu
Clunv
Chih
Ui it
l*'iiS'-'
Ch-ing-*
Ching*
Li
MM^
Chow, Ku Yuan
[
422
tlie
Chili
De])artments oE Clang
Li
I'ing riilh
^MW^^M
^-
Tao',
Salt
Hupeli
WtkSc^M
2^ t^
6.
P'ing- Liang''
j^f
Fukien
Cliien'
^^^^~
Fooehow,
Taotai, residing at
Fa'
at
Chow, residing
I.i
IS
Jg^ 4t:
Taotai,
fJ;
residing
Fu^
842
Salt
to
Hu'
at
Wuch'ang,
Yen^
Fei'^
7.
S^^
9-
tt^
the
duties of
{see
'fomierlv
luties,
Salt
Fu.
Yiinnan
^^^'^
Also, in the
Salt
province of Shensi,
^^^
is
Taotai
the
^''
^^"' ^^^^'
"^^'"i'
5I
the
of
Military
^/^
The
above act
i^
designation,
performing
This
Ch'iieh^
and
Shih\
|g
Kuan' Tn')
Customs
No.
{see
H33).
Cliin'
f|^
Hiii'
(^
Jx S^ xS
'''"'
Taotai;
4a.
C'hiang'
Kuan' Tao^j.
^43.
and
is
resides at
Shantung
:i^
'i^
stylod
[^] '^(
Ho-
(L|
>ji
^
5^"
7jc
Kii'
fpj
An'
Ilo'
K-ai=
Kuei'
I'^'-ng'
M4 L
'i'a(',
ChS'-n'
5>
Taotai
jK;
1
iK
3^1
found
in
As
He
llsicn'.
an
The
similar otHcial
lor
'}{\
Kivcr
Tao',
independent
alone
ig
Hsii'
F.-n'
iitcmltTitj
=>"'
'"' i^<"'^"
T;i..'.
residing
4a;
1)11
at
\)'
iJ'.if
[5ft lilr-
[JH Ji-j
/{.J-
i?i
K'ai'
\^ Fen' Shon*
literary designation.
344^
844a
to
344b
p\
it
Chien^ Ssu'
^^^o'
T'ai^
official
Taotai
Administrative
TaoS
4a
oi-
tAvo,
and
]\Iilitar.v-
iJm jM,
This
^'
''"^
official
or more, prefectures,
names
de]:)artments, the
of which-
Shanghai Taotai
Tai*
^"^
Ch'a'-,
TaoS
^^^
independent sub-prefectures
are prefixed to his title
Pei^
I'ing'
(sonuitimcs
is
^ ^ Kuan'
detjiguation,
&iMM
Also
Taotai
is
of the
Tao^
:JiC !!
^""g^
Soochow Fu and Sung Chiang Fu and of the
sub-prefecture of T'ai Ts'ang Chili Li Chow, the Taotai of
Chef 00 is styled
'J^'engi Lai^ Ch'ing^ Chiaoi Tao\
Taotai of the prefectures of Tengchow Fu, Laichow Fu, and
designated f^ ^^
prefectures of
^M^MM.
Ch'ingclio\>-
Chow,
etc).
also the
At
Superintendent of
Honan
province,
two
exceptions (compare
province, three in
four in
tlie
Shantung
following Taotais
jirovince,
two
in
six in
Chihli
Sliansi province,
province, four in
in
Hunan
with foreigners.
'
four in
Kansu
in
province,
four
in
844a.
The jmsts of
Cii^a^ Ma^ Tao% Taotai of
g-,
Tea and Horse Jtevenue, and t 03 il 1''""' "^^'i^"" T=^<j''
Taotai of Agi-icultural Settlements, ai-e now abolished.
844 15. The "regulations regarding the reform of the official
the
424
sec
No. 819iJ)
call for
the
abolition
Hsiin-
For each
Tuo').
]>r()\iiicc
wliu
three),
criminals
be specially charged
will
will
;:^
the
For particulars
No. H16a.
as
the
to
(.sw
Otiice
of
Simultaneously
K''i*
o]
Sliou'
the capturing
Avith
Manchuria
jg
retained
])0
fig
tlieie
Ta^ Shih'
(sec
of
a Taotai
in
src
3^
Chill'
Jo;
^a'
Fu^ and ;/c 11
Shang* I', n\ Wi
designation, fA^
Fu' Fu'). Tliey superintend the manufacture and despatch of
the silk textiles and other leipiisites for the use of the
^^"'
Court.
"MM )\\l^'S^:k^
H4.5A.
Wu'
]*icn'
Ta''
Szechwaii and
of
Yiinnan
This
official
\V<-t('rii
till
//.
portion
Depurtmcnts and
is
I'.iirji
of
direct reports
the
afiiiirs
Districts )
I Prefectures, St/b-prefertitres,
of
Fii^
to
of
Adtiiiiiist ration
/.oral
846.
])ri\ilego
(tf
Kmporor.
of
li'i'ii'.
<
Deparlm.
iits,
prefectm-es.
Departments,
and
]?i
There
|g
^
^^
i>
Cliih'-'
l/i^
further
Siib-prefeeturcs,
'I'ing',
District.s.
[
4-'.'
into
and
j\\
f^
('hoii'.
IMeii',
844c
to
g^g
347
diiFer
in that,
officials of
Prefectures
from
differ
completely
borders
their
administrative
niunber
of
numlber
is
and
Departments
Inde])endent
the
of
latter,
as
iniits
departments,
sub-prefectures and
form of government, approach prefe(;tures (in the majority of cases they have
been organized from ordinary departments which ha\e been
removed from the prefectural authority) in that they may include
districts.
districts,
Independent De])artments,- by
their
to
them.
Tndei^endent
intermediate stages
of
includes
The appointments
Prefectures,
Departments
and
Sub-prefectures
Yao\ Most
Important,
2.
in
foiu-
categories:
^^
42G
Yao'
J
1.
Ch'iieh',
M.
Tsui^
Important
4*
-J;
rKE.HKNT
rlmns:^
'ik
^^
4.
Ch.ieir
"
four-character,
pojuilarly called
are
They
Ordinary.
C"h'ueli\
and
Medium,
Clriieh',
three character, two. character and one character posts," the first
Ijcing distinguished
li\
^^
four characters
tin-
having
^)^ fj^
Ch'iuig^
it,
the third has any two and the fourth has any one.
*^^^-
^11
Shou^
e[)istola)-\
T'ai* Tsun'.
4ij
>{i^
official
T'ai'
Ma^
or
or, in
^ ;5 Erh*
(;h'ien
T'ang^,
activity from
remove
to
^ ^ Wu^
Tan'.
sections
certain
police
branches
all
endea^oured
^ Cheng''
jE
titles,
^ Huang^
lias
The
in
T-ang^
designation,
Shou' or j^ Q|
Government
of
governmental
and judicial atfiiiiT
Shou'
(als.)
'X ^i
Ifi.
gji fl^
^
'^i''
aflministrative
''iJ>'*
<
IV,
him-*
Hou^), from
ti>
'^^'''
i^
gjj ("hiin%
^'li'"'
Chiin*
'^"^^
i''%
^ $^ ^-
Lh'in- She^
^fi
The
is
Prefect of the
situated
is
^^'J.
848)
JA
designated
\u\ %\\
;
in
j))cf<(t urc
f(^
colloquially
Krh'
literary
Il(.u-,
called,
X^
^ ^ Shao'
Yii
]^
jij
'^''^^^
}{.f
^'^ui*
'''^:'"'
Vin''.
'-'(
(Mpital
.Ma\ and
Cl.Vng',
''''i''':
dming
No.
{.srr
j^
^'i yil
dcsignati*)!!.
and
l)_\nast\ called
iiici.il
Fu;
Shou^ Fu'.
'0^
}{>f
Jrt^
the
Krh^
F<'n'
(5^
'1'=^'
T';iMg
848
tO
849
840A
depending on
thei)-
classes
m^
^ Jf
P"^
l'^'-'
Yen2 PuS
control
3.
certani
Tao^
Chiin'
Fu\ and )g Jf
M^
Liangs
Assistant
T.iang* Pu'; 2.
^^
li'ingH'^hun^
Li^
Shih*,
and :^
Shui^ Li*; 5.
^1]
jUj
Ho* Wn*,
I5
j'fij
Kuan^ Ho-,
.the coast
of
designated
^ ^ Chim'
for instance
classes,
with the
<'ha]'ge.d
are
offenders
of.
[rJ
Prefects
Assistant
1.
iti
j?
Chiang^ Fang*,
^W
Ho* Fang*;
6.
it
^ Fu'
IPJ
I*,
Ji
The foregoing
Li3 Yao*,
^ j^ Fu^ Mia*,
FanS
^D Chi*
title
Fu' T'ungS
'
Chihi.
For
particulars
prefectni-e,
as
to
Sub-prefects
whether independent or
in
854.
849a.
No. 848
San'
Fu';
ii
compare
^iTB
epistolary
designation, jg
:^
f\j
colloquially called,
^^
^
^
f^ Chun*
or ;^ ^ ^ Ta^ Tsan* Chih*.
Ts'ui*,
No. 849)
designation,
6a
^ij
^^ T'ung^ Shou',
^ Ta* Tuan'
Tso',
Pieh* Chia*
Ts'ui*,
|j5
literary
As
^-2^
^ }g Chi* Pu',
1.
2.
JJ
JpJ
Yen^ Pu',
^^
Tu'
fi ! Pn^ TaoS
3.
6.
FOn^
LP
'^
Shui^
^Ij
Liang^ 13.
Fu^ IS and
^^
11.
i^'^ LP
16.
of
h?
10.
=^
gtt
;S_luh^
J^' 7jt
8.
^Ij
'i )^ Tu^
12.
Lia.ig.',
^M
^-
u' Min",
15.
Miao'^.
paitioiilais as to
3g
Li%
i^ jg Kuan^
YenTs'ao'^ 14.
jf
Shui^ Li^
For
7j\:
^'<
'^^^^^S'
7.
Ch'in',
riiMngi
9.
Fang-.
MM
4.
wlicther independent, or
sul)-})refectures,
850.
'
in a
litiun
l)refC"t
and
s49a),
the
No.
826);
No.
794),
j^ i^
'4.
8a;
t'hih^
Ta'
Ssu'
Yii*
(sre
No.
Ta^ Wai'
Ifaii',
Cliing'), 8.
^IJI
No.
(scr
830a);
;
mm'
lO-
Sliil)-',
Fxarniner of Taxe.s
S^ii'
Fu'
^i
Fxaminer
"f^
T:i^
-]
SliilP.
fjlf
!>u,
^^
KV
^ |^
11.
Deputy
Shiii*
;;^
"p1
JCxaminer
of
'^
'J<.
j;|'
^'^'"^
iM
anil
Taxes
IV
Cheng'
Shou\
^
^
Cli'uan'
Taxes:
i^ Ven^
\^\^
^\\\
^^'o*
;
9b,
ShilP,
Hsuan' K'a^
f^t'
9b,
'u\
SlJ >^^
iM
Sub-Director of
Duties
Ssu'
IV
^^.
filj
I*refe(;tural
li.siian'
Chiao"
Wei' l^an^ ^^
Po^, and
l*refeitural Iteceiver of
M-MulJEMi^
:k
jr^
9.
5.
^^
7.
7a;
Tao',
rank,
of nnclassed rank, 6.
9h,
Ils.ieh-
fi^5
11.
a^
nnclassed
of
830a); 9a,
No. 826)
826)
Kuang' ^Ven^
>$C
{sre
No.
Ju^ Hsiieh-,
Li^
hing'
(see
Shili'
(sec
<
Metropolitan Prefecture, 7b
(see
Chao< Mo^ (sec No. 826)
9ji, 3.
Shih'
Sliih^"
849 and
Nos.
(sec
^g
1.
the
^ ^
2.
Sub-prefect
officials:
(in
Ta*
^11
Chiss
following
K'u*
Ts'ang'
Tilt
Second
'X.
Deputy
('li'a'''
i'M
\(\ f^f
fpJJ||
Ho-
12.
Ta*
Kuan'
Ho* Po*
T'ing'),
85a
850a
imclassed,
16.
imclassed,
17.
,lp
^ ^
18.
I'
'^
jg
fjf
(see
No. 754),
Sluicekeeper,
nnclassed,
Postmaster
Cli'cng^
Clia^'Kuan^,
Chieii'
19.
unclassed,
Hsiao*,
Prefectural
(1ieng^
KV
(also
Police
g^
Inspector,
Hsueh^
I^
"g-
^^
Ta* Kno*
Kuan'; i^M^^
Liang-^ Hsiang*, and ^^
jE ftj Oheng* Sim*
9b, and 20.
I^, Prefectural Physician
Yin^
Hsueh^
KnanS and ^^
Yang==
'B'
(also
ftj Ta*
'J^a*
^^^
Shu*),
"Cliang^
Himihle Professions).
Coming
are
the
1.
following:
Suan*
pn
Fortune-tellers,
]Ming*,
tg
8.
i^
Shui^
Feng*
Hsiang*
Jugglers,
7.
(Jeomancers,
tLMMW
Hsi*
Tzu^
<
Ilu^
'''iang*
Actors,
^^
9.
^^
6.
professions
^ Ts'c* Tzu*,
o.
^1
Mai*
10^,7]^
Wu,^
Mai*
Chi\
Conjurers,
I',
Jesters,
PIsi*,
MM
m^ftal
and
Taoist
14.
^i
13.
Priests,
en''
I ><r
^^
IV
Mid wives.
>^ -g Liu*
Women
P'o^,
lo.
Se*, or
:^
Dentists,
K'ai*
TEJ
J An'
A.
il^;
T'ou2,
Ch^i^
i.e.
Ch'ui'
M^
Melodious
D.
jfig
TanS Tea
^^
:\rusic), C.
F.
\^
im
of Cei'emonies,
'l.t.,2
Ch':
1].
Jf.
K'ang=^
Chiao*, Chair-bearers.
8oOa.
No.
430
S4)
he
S20
to
addition,
Education
o;E
No, 827),
(see
are
they
Commissioner
Nos.
(see
receive
to
No, 825),
(see
the
Industrial Taotai
tlie
As
849
in
nevertheless,
821),
instructions
{see
Goveinor-General or Governor
the
to
suboi-dinated
Sub -prefects
Nos.
(sec
849a), those
to
Magistrates
The
856).
^]J
P'an^
T'unjj;'
uses the
expression j
Cheng''
1^,
T'ang2.
Magistrate of an Indej)en(1cnt
to those of a Prefect (compare Nos. 846
H')\.\.
ment,
in
siiriilar
following:
^j'l
2.
j\]
Department
Choii'
Mu\
I'ieir-'
4.
and
ChiaV
Departmental
designation,
Mu*),
Magistrate;
J}]
Second
P'an\
Ts'an*
and
|jlj
Ch.in'),
.)ail
3.
'j'I'f
Warden; 9h
I'ieh"^
^il^
Assistant
Class
designation,
(epistolary
^^
I'oliito-master
fiKjfcfJJb'
7n
Assistant
Class
(e])istolary designation,
(Jhou'
^^Ij
First
T'ung^
<'lioii'
fti]
Department Magistrate; 6b
Shou'),
Jjlj
|S
Li*
(literary
'Wi* C"hou'
Ta* Kung' Ts'ao', and
'}\\ '^
K'-'* Ta* Shih (see No. 826); unclasscd,
A?A
851
tO
35^
861b
to
852
5.
-^ ^^
Ta*
Ts'angi
Sliih^
No.
{see
826);
imclassed,
No.
10.
imclassed,
850),
of
Inspector
Tien^
|3^
11.
Physician, unclassed, and
''^^
Professions
Petty
K'o\ Departmental!
Tien^ Shu*, Departmental
Humble
(or
Professions),
unclassed.
851b.
" reoulations
The
regarding"
reform
the
the
of
see
(ai'ticles Nos. 22 and 28
system in the provinces
No. 819b) rule that Magistrates of Independent Departments
subordinated to the Governor-General
{sec No. 851), although
official
(5^^
to receive instructions
^ fC Tso' Erh*,
are
be
following
^ ^
so-called
and
replaced
by
the
1.
later to
{see
Inspector of
No. 840a),
Education,
3.
and
|| Tso^
^- Ching^
'I.'
^J
^^^^
^^
Wu^
Shih*
C'h'iian*
852.
(Jlass
1:
HM
Sub-prefect
IsJ
in
(properly .Sub-prefect
^D
<^'l'ili'
T-i'
charge of an
:
Independent sub-prefecture
No. 849; 5a), and ]g :|-^ j^. jg fj
sec
432
see
No. 849a
and
84())
have
similar functions to
No.
{sec
No.
{see
Siil)-prefectin"es
Prefects
6a).
{see
No.
851).
In addition
853.
the
to
Sub-prefect
officials
{see
is
carried on
by
^^
(liao* Mo^ 3.
^g Jg Chino-i JA\ 2.
j^
^'hih' Shih^ 5.
i^ \^ Kmi^ Ta^ Shih% 4. ^D
#:^ fi Ts'ang^
Ta* 8hih\ G.
Chiao^ Shou% 8.
i^ Ssui Yii*, 7. |^
1.
namely:
Ill
sec
Hsun' Tao\
No. 850).
ig
The
853a.
y.
(;hien^
i^
-J^
"regulations
etc.
HsiaoS
regarding
(for
reform
the
details
of
the
official
The remainder
Departments.
to
will
be
left
unchanged administered
by the \^
^[J
com]are Nos.
For
(sec
liili'
])articulars
as
n).
the
t(
f^ ^^
be found
will
^
in
Tso'
('hih''
T'ing^
sec
i.e.
852),
sec
851
B,
to
At
Yuan%
the
No. 849^,
).ll
T'lmg-
and
Cliih',
Second
First
Class
Class
Sub-prefect (5a;
Snb-j)rcfect
(6a
No.
sec
H49a).
At
the head
<f
Chou'
epistolai-y
dcsignati(n,
[
'jilj
4:JS
>].({
^
]
T/'u'
Shih');
5i.
These
853
^o
qkk
855a
^0
are
of
the
respective
Prefectures.
855a.
866b
of a
Department
Ohou^ P'an^;
7b,
5.
8a,
Cheng*;
Hsiao*;
Chou^ T'ung^
[gj
2.
^J
iffj
]E Hsueh"
6.
8.
^.
For
particulars
as
to
^n
856.
llf,
I*
Chang');
"^^^^ Chih*
i& Ta
be found in the departmental
the
Magistrate; 7b
Hsien*
Ling*,
Ling*, ;/; -^ Ta*
-^^
the
former
Ling* Yin', (replacing
Ling*
-^
designation,
Ling*, and -^
6b,
etc.
855b.
official
7.
No. 850),
^]
^
^
^ Hsun* Tao* 8b, .;^ ;^ Chien'
1^ M "^ :k iM Shui* K'o* Ssu^ Ta*
fH
unclassed,
1.
3.
epistolary
Chih^
designation,
II
District
Hsien*,
Ta*
Tsai^ ic g.
g,
Ta* Yin' styles himself j
;
5/3
J^ Ming^ Fu',
^
^
Lien',
^
gg
^ Cheng* T'ang', when enumerating
I^ Tsai',
I^
Tsun\ and ^^
his titles.
This
District in
title
of
"i'
856 A.
reform of the
see
is
situated receives
the
the
"regulations regarding
"
system in the provinces
(article No. 26;
Conforming
to
the
'
official
raised
^f^'^
(literally,
434
compare
officials
commonly
who
styled the
Jii
the
;^
"^
^^
Aaiiuus
^^
classes
and
Prefects
Hsien^,
of
spoken
(colloquially
of
Magistrates,
and addressed as
and very
ai-e in
^'^'O"'
the'iv
varied
The same
of
officials
^ "^
ilfi
ai-e
Fang'
i*
857.
there
the
ai'e,
designation,
and
Registrar
^ 3s
1.
following:
Fu3,
(collocjuially called,
j^
(Ji
Ta' Tsan^
Cli'ou^
Ssii', a Sul)-disti'ict
Yin^ )(i^Ii.
^(
is
unclassed, 5.
f^
^j^
iBi
\i\\ and
t^
fiJC
^^
ii]
j|||
1'"'
I'
Warden
fS*
Shao^
^^
Yii'*,
Shao* Fu',
l|!^
~X 'J> }^ "^^^
Ta' Tsan^ Cheng*) ;
fruni
Yii';
the
full
Yii',
temimrary abolition
p\
official
in
^fi^*
(see
^ p] Fen'
^ ^ Shao*
p]
'S.
ii*
I'n'
Ilsiui*
No. 857b,
^J^
Chiao*
pjll
literary
Hsun" Chien',
desigiiation,
'X
Yii*,
^^^^'
^
^
i^
^ /ff
Pivs
|k ('hiao*
Chu^ Pu^
San' Yin'
(epistolary designation,
designation,
3.
Pu' T'ing'
I^i*^'"'
8a (literary designation,
ti'-J^
^F^fXim F'
jii
^^
Cheng^ T'ing\
epistolary
Shao< Yin', JM
Shao* Fu\ {r^ll>\
rest(jrat
Uj5
^^
2.
llou^),
Hsiang'),
Yu^ T'ang=
^ ^ Tso'T'ang'^; epistolary
^ J^ Tsan*
Ilsini^
(collo(juially called,
District
Sub-district Magistrate;
o\
District
Assistant
Ch'eng-,
Da (epistolary designation,
designation,
i:
Hsien''
8a
^""^^
;
of
in
^lagistrate
administration
llhiin',
Irom the
Tao*,
srr
g(j ||[:
Fu'
above;
(
185
full
hai'),
8.
official
epistolary
7.
|.'i'i]
J^
'g'
;/!;
l^lm'
857
{s&e.
to
Keeper
gKQ
District
857a
No.
Physician;
and
unclassed,
11.
For
p|
administration, see
The
official
system
which
later
will
?fj[
Hsiin^
|f^
KV,
Shu*,
Professions).
particulars as to the
Auxiliary Ranks,
857b.
g|||
Kuan^
Hsiin*
Humble
857a.
Ch'ia"
-^1"
9.
unclassed,
850);
'/
No. 85 Ib.
regarding the reform of the
provinces" (article No. 31 ; see No. 819b)
"regulations
in the
well as
number
of j^ Ch'ii^, Divisions,
which
will be
control
of
all
police
affairs
their
in
C'h'ii^
in
full
divisions.
respective
Hslin^
the post oi
under j^
will be
who
Chien^,' Sub-district
Simultaneously,
)^i^
Magistrate {see No. 857) will be abolished.
858.
'^ It Tso'^ Erh*, Assistant Magistrate: of Prefectures,.
^ -^
literary designation,
Ch'eng^
Ts'ui^
^ II
858a.
Tso-^
Tsa^ Petty
Officials.
In
this
category
who
are styled
Tsa-.
Later the
-^ Tso=^ Erh* {see No. &58) and the -g |f
Tso^ Tsa^ are to be abolished, being replaced by i^ '/ ft Tso*
Chih* Yiian^, Auxiliary Ranks (for details see No. 851b).
To
859.
to
nearly
there
the
number
of government establishments
common
all
may
the
ChiiS Office
of
2.
of
^% J^ ^.
^^
Duty, and
^ ^" 3e
-^
I^o''
at
Duty
Shui*,
the
Place
of
Sale
Li'^ Chuan^
Lo^ Ping^ Cheng^), 3.
\^
Kuan^ Pao* Chu^ Government
Chii'^ ,Likin Station, 4.
'^^
in
OtHce
(found
Newspaper
provinces where a Government
Ch'i^
tiE
T/
Kuan'
is
Newspaper
4fc
I*ei^
Kuan'
Yang--
Pao-*
is
published), 5.
1*
^^
Vaccination Office,
for the issue of
Chii^,
Sanitary
cities,
8.
Office;
X 5g ^
Kungi
Ch'eng^
superintending
macadamizing
of
roads
Is
;
^^ ^
superintending
constniction
Office
money
the
^-
^^
^M^
6.
(Jhiis,
and
Chii*,
x^
(^
T'ung' Yiian^
(see
No.
Relief Committee
Kuan' Shu'
copper
replaced by
in
refonn of
tlie
Temple
good
Yiian")
T'ung-
^^
H gg ji Ch'ou'
of
JfR
coins;
Chen* Ch'u^
12.
'if
Goverinnent Printing-Office
^^
found
provinces.
^^'en'
Miao*
Ssu*
Kuan',
No.
572).
compare
attributes and maintains the
Feng'
temple
tC
6CM^iii\L%(
Pi-iest at the
(||q|
the j
11.
Chii', Provincial
majority of
^>^-
('hii',
551b),
because
relief
in the
Office;
and H^
need
Building
of
c'
Tt;
conditions
sanitary
Wei* Sheng^
condition.
The
in
"regulations
regarding
the
*^7
860
861
4.Q
86lA
^^^
^* 819b)
call
and
to
all
districts to replace
the so-called
j^ Chlao^ Shou^
j
1 Chiao* Chih^ H.e.
Hsiin* Tao'^; 5^^
Hsiieh^ Cheng*, |x: |^ Chiao* Yii*, and ||J
861.
'g*
T'u=^
Administrators
Kuan',
"Native"
of
Districts.
cases,
ji>\
The
the
;f;
T'u',
official titles
for instance,
prefixed,
Chinese
District
jjvf
T'u*
with
Fu%
T'u^ Hsien^
i.e.
introducing
system
government
place of the direct
government by an hereditary chieftain, is denoted by the phrase
Kai^ T'u^ Wei^ Liu^ (or
Kai^ T'u^
ordinary
in
^mm
^Mm
Kuei' Liu^).
86lA.
Chieftains.
^
^ ^|C# I^
are styled
in
Chinese literature
of the borderland of
are
commonly known
^ f^
j^
Lao'*
|^
^ Pai'
[
438
I^.
Yiieh"*
Chua\
Shang*, and
The Shans
The
schedule:
1.
MW^,\^m
Chao'
0.
7.
;^
glj
(^
8su^;
^ J^
^^
fill
thousand
^^
^ ^E
4.
oB,
^ ^
An'' u'
3b,
tEMi^^
3.
4r,
following
Ssii^
Sliih'
Another type of
1.
Shih='
V\i^ Shih^;
('li'ien'
Wei^
Hsiian^
in the
^ T'ung-
fg]
ranks:
Hsiian^
Shih^
'i\io*
Ssu^; OB, 5.
6a.
M i^
m.
^hown
Hu^
Ch'ien^
HP
OB), 3.
Hu^
Ch'ien^
^"^^*
tribal,
H^^
^^^^
chieftain
(assi^tant
(centurion
6.
;^ '^
p] |li
6 a),
o.
-4.
one
of
;^
'g' p]
^ 'g
g|J
Fu*
EASTERN TURKESTAN
The province
862.
tion,
-^
WW^
Dominion
of
Kansu
^^
of
(see
Ilsin'
Hsin'
Su<
^''^'
Chiang'
Chiang'
(full
designa-
Sheng'),
New
also called
Eastern
Plsi' Yii*,
Western
JtnJ;
in
of
remaining IH provinces of
the
Manchuria,
No. 821
.s\stcni,
a).
in
that the
administrative head
are
by
exj)laincd
[g]
jvj;
IIm,'
j)ro})(M-,
is
which
XI',:',.
China
'llic
(see
Mussuhnan population
Mil,-;
Twrl)an-woaniiL'-
its
:ilso
yXi
|l^
Mus<idiiHii;
[
b'l
i-
[\
ruled
:5'.>
and
those
of
in its
])Opulation
governmental
by
Ttu-kish,
by
its
T'ou'
llui'
llui-,
generic chieftains,,
862
^q
863
868a
f|
"^
'
%0
gg4
^ i^^
if-
Governor,
of
Collector
Ch'i^
1^
2.
Governor,
Shih^
"
3.
M ^ ^ f^ ^
i^
4.
Kevenues,
Pi
^ ^^ ^ i^ ^
5.
^MM
^^i^
Tzv} Po2 K'o*, Hatsze Beg Judge, and 6.
i1^
La^ Pu* Po'' K'o"*, Mirabu Beg iSuperintendent of Agriculture.
;
%^
Dzassaks who
Wang=,
Wl Pei^ LeS
often
titles
Princely
Ha^ Sa^
KV),
nomadizing
Amban,
W ^ ;^
There
the local
{see
"f-p
(3
etc.).
863a.
receive
Hu* Chang^
Po^'
no
are
bearers
amongst them
the
of
Princely
title
only
Centui-ions
titles
found
(Sultan
that of
is
2
^
;
Wang^)
/|i(
-^
(see
No.
73>.
The
864.
tl
jHf
kM E
Chinese |D
or
Mongolian,
properly,
I^u^
Ji#
Chiu'
5i|
T'u'
Ho* Sho*
Erh'
Hu*
Oelot
(in
C'hinese
T'6*) divisions,
residing in the
Hi
rivers,
leagues
Unen-Sutzukt'u
[
(in Chinese
440
,%^!MM^M"^
PKKSIONT
Wu> Na^
866
ggg
Ei^fe^-^fjIiM
2.
Ko. 866).
865.
Ch'i
^ ^ :K^
f{^
-^ So'
Ling-3 Tui*
Si^
of
p ^^ ^
^ ^ Sui' Ting*,
Suitun.
He
No. 864).
in
is
command
of the military
is
1764.
As
867.
Brigade-Generals or Assistant
two
Governor of Hi
(see
No.
^^
glj
Military
two
^^i^^
respectively,
re."<iding,
lattfr
there
government
is
at
Kuldja
a great
given
and
amount
Ambans,
To
Ch'ukuch'ak.
of
independence
the
in the
Inchided
lin's
in
with a govornment
[
*n
differing
]
from
tiint
of the
19
to
I'KESENT
869
to
870a
^ ^
K'uk'unor, and
The
^^
are
Hai%
Gentral
Mongolia
^69.
into:
the
over
superintendency
No. 868)
{see
1.
and
Mongolia,
2.
'^ Nei*
Outer,
Meng^
or
KuV
is
divided
Northern,
or
Inner,
Southern, Mongolia.
869a.
1.
region of
region
The
K'obdo
of
(in Chinese
territory of
The
if
T'annu-Urianghai
PPI
:^
fJ[
(in Chinese
3.
The
4.
M^ ^'^M
Hai').
Khalkhas
{see
^[5
Pu%
1.
Dzassakt'u-Khanate
(in
Chinese
%^
'^
f^ oH
*^^'i^'
^^^
870a.
Aimak
Princely appanage
one Banner
of Banners,
line.
its
the
grou]) of
Thus
the
Mongolian designation of a
Banners forming the inheritance of
old
Aimak
bound together by
former dominion
of
is
of
is
a consolidation of a number
common Prince
ties of race,
442
into
SVl
070
Aimak.
his respective
Manchu Dynasty
Aimaks and their
now reigning
in
The Aimaks
Khalkha, as administrative
units, are replaced by the Leagues {see No. 872) and the power
of the Khaus {see No. 873) by the authority of the Captainsrulers
declined.
General
the
of
Leagues
of
No.
{see
872).
Throughout
the
Aimak
shown by
is
their
Each Aimak,
871.
common
designation.
for military
piuposes,
is
division,
in
(Nos. 879
of
justice,
ai)pertains,
as
of
will
Mongolia,
be
and
described
the
below
hi
appointed Chinese officials.
a
with
are invested, also,
peculiar supreme
to 880), to specially
Khalkha these
officials
autlioiity.
As
regards
local
higlior authorities.
The
Aimak
No. 870; '^ i% -^ A\* Ma" K'o*) is the Sfl Meng, League
once in three years, and
(Mongolian, Chogolgan), which irieets
ii
Httendcd by all the Prince-rulers of tin- Banners {see No.
(sec
4t:'.
^q
872a
the
for
873),
members
of
economy
discussion
of
Judicial
1.
affairs
affecting
Ainiak aS a whole,
tlie
officials
wliicli
Affairs of
Administrative
3.
The Chinese
in
Questions
of the League.
At
the head of a
League
there
is
^^
Meng'^ Chang',
at
Captain-General (^Mongolian, Chogolganu Tarnga
the same time Commander of a Division).
He is assisted by a
T^eague
glj
^^
of the
Aimak
At
elective.
made
this post
League Captain-General
is
respective
^ Fu^ Chiang^
Amban, Adviser.
whom
there
is
(Mongolian,
attached a Hopei
posts
are
elective
(membei-s of the
approval.
to
872a.
The first Khalkha Division (the T'ushet'u-Khanatc
Aimak src No. 870) is styled Ilan-ula (in Chinese f(^
Ilan'* A* I^iin^
JVfeng^), fi-om the name of the mountain, near
M M^
its
^#
f{^
Prince-rnlers meet.
[
-t44
Aimak)
G M fD
the
name
^E
.1
of the
^ ^ I? M 1^ ^
Aimak)
called
is
Li^
i^> gl]
^ fc
C'lia'
is
K'o*
H ^^ M ?|
Chinese
Aimak)
name
SI
TjII
(in
(the Dzassakt'n
Chinese ^l
of a
this
division gather.
S73.
of
J^
a Banner
Cli'i"
(sec
<-'hai
tL il "^
Chinese
This
Chang^).
official
l)e
at
is
the
api^roved
head-
hy the
Emperor.
The Dzassak
1-
Ho'
^i\^^^^
Degree,
2.
^M
Second Degive, 3.
the Third Degree,
of
Fourth
the
Wang^
Ch'in'
iShc"
I
^MH
1?1>
4.
\^
Degree,
l[\
o.
Kuo'''
T'ushe Kung), G.
Fcng^ En^ Fu^ Kno- Kung',
/^. "1 [^
Prince of the Sixth Degree (Mongolian, Ulus-t'in- T'ussalakh-
Kung), and 7.
-^ ' T'ai^ Chi^ Daidji (Iloreditary
There are four classes (^ Ti'-ng') tf the last rank
Nohle),
ch'ih
hut
the
Commandant,
Ill
with
alone carries
first
it
cligihility
for
election
a-
or Chief, of a Banner.
mentioned there
is
that of j^ Han',
is
tli;it
of f;^
liMii'
{see
Waiig'^
(srr al>OVe).
H7.'5v.
ineatis
'^
" a stock
^ " Tsai'
'*;
chief of a generation.")
[
nr.
Thi>
title
rt'places
873
tO
070.
873b
to
QiMA
that of
-^
No, 873)
distinguisliing the
in
^^
This
is
title
in use
873c.
This
T'a^
title
^M^
8731).
Ta^
name
a})pended to the
sehes
l"*"'
means
^vord
^^iM
"
in .some Avay.
uncharged and
l^:i"^
l^i'li^
This
is
an old iNIongolian
of Pi-inces
who
by
them-
hav(^ distinguished
Khorch'in Princes).
l-*rinces
It carries with
it
^^
Attache
the
to
N OS.
(compare
Palace Gate, f
99 and ]04c): a
J^-
Ch'ien^
f^
title
Men2
Ch^ingi
bestowed on ]M(mgoliaii
Princes.
For
particulars as to the
^p
"gy
^7
Ch'ien' Hsing-
Yii*
874.
I'he Chieftain of a
absohite master of
Banner (Dzassak;
He may
No. 873)
sec
present to the
He
The system
may
is
the
Gegens
them
gi\ e
examines into
duties, etc.
of inheritance of the
post of Dzassak, thanks to
Avhich
Hsieh^ Li^
Taidji),
T'ai^ Chi^,
assistant to
affairs of
his
1
of
Wt
'^ "^
Administrator (Mongolian, T'ussalakch'ih-
Banner, and
2.
[
administration of the
^MM^
441
Kuan'
Ch'i'"^
Ohang^
I'KKSENT
owing
Dzassak or because of
either at
Peking
As
a general rule
all
meeting are
mentioned here that
the
to
League
(it
may be
them
to
appointment
For this reason
Banner Chieftain).
the first importance in the Banner.
He
at
Administrator
this post
discussed
questions
i-eported direct
hereditary
his absence,
his post
is
practically that of
tee
No. 871)
If
J^C 3l!
^^
command
In
^^
A
fe
Ts'an'
squadron
"^""^
of a regiment (Tsa-lang
Lieutenant-Colonel
^-^'"f?N
to
whom
Poshk'o
fjl-
(Mongolian,
Sumungu
J^ |^
Mancliu, Poshok'u).
Ling' Ts'ui', 50
I^
'Isien' San',
frform,
is
^\%
In
there
HjC
see
Changguingj,
and six
tiun-
as
(;f
of a
jl^
-ft
Ma
l'^"^
I-i>>g*
peace the
rule,
organization
447
875
Appointment
the
to
dependent on heredit}-.
They
is
not
by persons chosen by
are filled
The bulk
Ao*
of the
Pa^
Erh^
Mongolian population
T'u^
The various
"requisition in kind.")
st}'led i^
MG
111
meaning "tribute;"
Alba,
(Mongolian,
is
families- are
arranged in
groups of ten,
^# E^
875.
To
this office
belong those
by
IV
^S ^G
%^
the
or
Gegen
f}>
of
Mcn^^
see
tlf
No. 91 6 a),
Urga.
^MM
Prelate (Gegen),
make
tip
At
^2
PaS Shang
is
the
]^"
La*
]\Ia'*,
Da Lamas
Assistants,
being subject to
Ti-easin-er is
As
his
(.?f^
Shang Chodba
the
Imperial
Erdeni-setsen-dalai-chindamani-t'oin-shang Chodba.
Assistants' there
The
arranged
who
is
selected
'^he
one of
Shabis
in
Princes,
From
No. 872).
clans
are
(j\Iongolian,
r
448
service
Ot'ok) headed
]
by
and
arc
Darugui,
or
Dargiii
Generic
in
Emperor (12
who
Elders
all).
At
Tsiii'
Shang Chodba
to
duties, to
whom
30
in
(in Chinese ^.
T'e^),
^^
K'o' Pn^
is
^^
and Kiioits
(in
(in
Chinese ^i
Chinese f^
K'obdo Hebei-Amban
the
Hui'
(see
fj^
T'-?),
No. 880).
Divided,
all
League (there were two Leaj^nes formerly; compare No. 876 a)^
the Sain-Tsayagat'u (in Chinese
^ =^^i'lnM^aM^
sixteen
Chi"*
Right
Wing
of
Sal* I'm^
Banners,
Turbets
11
i.e.
of the
to
Chinese tL ''a
was
which
I'i^'
Ha' Ch'in^ P'*)i of one Banner,
iij oK
foiynerly
affiliated with the Ch'ing Setkhilt'ii League (see No, 876a),
:
(in
2.
or
I'll*,
nj] CiS
no generic
(in
Chinese W.
Prince
t^
I'niict;
'^i
Chinese
(in
Ming^ K'a'
D/.assak, and
^^M
'-'
Pj)]
T'l-*
(^ne
'A.
'^"' '^'^*
D/.assuk.
876a.
Prif.r
to
1907
No. 880 j:
1.
One Aimak
[
Baimer
'''''),
of the Oelots
having no generic
((oiii|)iirc
29
f^ ^{ Ming^ A^ T'e*
Pu^), of one Banner with
{)|ij
of the
IIU
New
]
876
iq
876a
I'KESEXT
377
to
877a
ii
fr
two Banners,
if
W '^ ^
One Aimak
2.
^ 'M
of the Altai
-^*
4.
&)
at Piilnnt'o-lvhoi
'"'''^^
^"'''^'
The lands
(,in
Chliie>e Xfl
of
*'^
KIrghis
Bannei-,
M WM
Chinese
liai''
Liang'-'
one
of
Pii*),
Urianghais
(in
"^
of
Pn*),
(In
im 1^
Lini^
^^^^
% ^ '^
Chinese
(in
sevesi
(Jhinese
Sa' K'o^).
Two
New
Banners of the
Setkhilt'u
T'e"*
Xew
T'e^
"^"^^'^^
'=^^*
^^'""^
Ha^
'^
^^^'^^^
the
rtii
Banners,
r^ 03
ol;
Sho*
Hsin^ llo^
rtl5
^^"'
oH
One Ainiak
3.
League
'^ 'M
'^)l
.^ ChMng'
Se:'
Banner
^^
Chhvse
(in
Toio'goiiths
of
No. 876).
The
877.
T'ai^ or
Chinese
Altai (in
from that of
Decree
district of
K'obdo
{see
Xo. 876)
representations
K'obdo, and
hy
3^
19^7.
Lieu^
8()i)A)
in
pnj
1!)07
issued
{src
A-*
Erh^
an
Imperial
consequence of
in
Hebei-Aml)an
riie
K'uei",
S|
of
his Assistant,
|^ 'jg
two Banners of the 2sew Tourgouths. one Baimer of the
New
Buhmt'okhoi and a
Agricultural Settlements at
se<;tion
of the
877a.
they
families in
^^
^ '0
12
fj^
fn addition
all),
T'ai
Pi'
i^
"o
coiisist of
(hi^
Daidjis,
to a
f|^
Kung\
Pi'ince,
e(pii\alentof
Ch'i"
(J:t;
Pi^
4-.0
is
a)id
12 it
three
M ^a
identiiied
^A
as the
86.3) l^ihahalakhch'ih,
the Kirirhis,
Uknrdai
among
Tsmio-^ Knan', or
formerly |
J^
An* Pan\ in Chinese), .or
-g Ch'ien^ Hu* Chancj^ (Chiefs
of One Thousand
3a.
Attached to them there are: 1. g|J
f'"'
A*
Ha^
La^ K'o' Ch'i-',
Fu-Ahalaklich'ih.
"a
"^
;
^p
Assistant Generic
or
Chieftains,
Chanr3^ Chiefs of
TT
MM
1^0^
:^
Chiefs of 50 (78 in
<'hang'.
S+p
mentioned ranks
For
all).
memorial from
^ee a
(5 in all),
% ~^ p ^
oi"
^^^
gl]
One Thousand
Wu*
'fg
^[^
Chanj?'
;! Wu^
|^
Po- lln*
78 in
details
2.
Kai%
and
all),
Shih^
Hu^
as to the last-
The
878.
^J^U^M
of
territory
Tannn-Urianghai
Tannu-ula Mountains
of the
is
Chinese
(in
situated on the
Chinese /
f R Ji IS
Five -Siiuadrons of the TannuUrianghais are luider the su))ervisioii of the Dzassakt'u-Khanate
Aimak (srr No. 872a), 13 are undei- the Sain-Noin Aimak
sloj).'s
(in
l^ing').
No. 872a) and three are under the control of the Chcptsun-
(see
Damha-Hnt'ukht'u,
The
remainder
Lama
(26
dignitary at
are
s([uadrons)
Urga
:ind
are divided
who
hcreditarv.
approval.
"of
They
Sumiuig,
river
T'ersek
T'iuuiu
sections
H-^(;
(in
(i).
to
the
(srr
No.
Uliasut'ai
(similar
Chinese
to
Uanners),
^ ^ Tsung^ Knan^),
))osts
are
not
S(juadroiis:
(10
5.
of
liach section,
Khemcli'ihk
and
into
Ukherids
No. 91
sultordinated
879)
(scr
in
it<
I.
Sunning),
four
(^foiir
turn,
Kossogol
3.
Sunning),
Smining).
is
T'Mchih
1.
ffour
Sinnuiig),
(found
S:ilcliilik
(foni
along
2.
tlu*
Siniiuiig),
878
^mmmMBW Wu^
879.
879
^^*
Fix*
Dzumgars were
the
against
exclusively
military
the
Forces
7^
S!i
ChlinS
Chiang^
of
completion
Deputy
addition,
directed
wars
it
that
reason,
^lilitary
see
Khalkha
the
this
to the
up
has subordinated
Chiang Chiin
For
Mongolia,
(fllongolian, T'usalakch'ih
On
pi'Ogress,
Northern
in
Fu*
in
character.
to
him
Governors
No. 872),
in
the
tribes.
position,,
the
civil affairs
of Mongolia.
of Uliasut'ai,
left to
tribes
The
Military
subordinates styled
GoAernor of Uliasut'ai
^^
Military Governors,
SI
Ting''
Is
g Ts'an^ Tsan*
;/^
Ta''
or Councillors (one of
Pien^ Warden
of the
Marches
and 26
assisted
by two
Ch'en^, Assistant
them
see
the
is
designated
aboveV
As proposed
^52
M IM
JI-'"'
Ixetoijiis
879a.
Impoi'ial
fi?
it f^ if I?
;^v
(Urga)
I^""i' l*a"g"'
Jc^'"'
Jvurun
at
Agent
Imperial
:/c
at K'uitni
Agent
Lun^ Pan^
Ivm.'
I'-i"'
and directing
Avill
officials,
in
"officials
i.e.
h\
deputed
affiiirs at
Urga."
and
his assistant are charged
Urga
of two Khalkha tribes, i.e. the T'ushet'u-Khanate
Assistant
^'ll'^""^
two
/$ fm
Dzarlikh-vierh-dzarukhsanor Hurienfj-du)-
-aglnii-lui-lierekli-shitkliekch'ih-sait,
Lnpei-ial
^-^^^
These
(IJrga).
Ta^ Ch'cn',
Ilebei-Amban.
also
Shili*
at
{see
()i"iginally
at
Agent
Imperial
Urga
Uliasut'ai,
acti-'d
the
a>
whose authority, as
been mentioned above {see No. 879), once extended over all
four tribes of the Khalkhas.
Later he received the privilege ot"
lias
direct
Throve and
the
to
)-e])orts
dependence on the
his
consists merely
(it
said
supplying him
in
Lately there
official
Jl
Myle<i
Connnissioner
asfisting
March,
>^<'.
Ta*
of
Agent
l'J(9
Vli
lin^nfai
LliaHnfai
official
wjiiii
(.sr/"
vas
at
(if
Urga,
Xt
M ilitar\
re-iding
(Hie
whose
),
allairs
Imperial Age'ut an
Ssii'
H>in.u^
H>.)
;dso No.
^ ^
Ch'eii', Assistant
17.''.I.
No.
tlie
in
foreigners
the
K'o'
lo the
This
Assistant
M ilitary
post
was
Mililiiiv
4.-.:!
'in\
einor
estalilished
(lovernoi's
In
No. 879) was deputed tu K'olidd.
lo reside ] rmaninllv
;it
K'obdo.
ordered
from
rejtoi-t
Chili-',
Jo\ crnur
K'tilxln.
;it
in
ai-c
).
k E
t
consist
duties
vviiich
Yen-
fjf;
S97
Judicial
YiianS
compare
f!
Li=
settlement of
the Imperial
^flj
(compare
the
in
been attached to
lia>
S.')
of
this
Inder
879a
4.q
^^^
881
+Q
his
882
K'obdo region
(see
(in
so-called
region (see
occupying the
tribes
No.'S76).
see Ko. 876a) of the
1907
;
^ ^ ^ ^ :K ^
at
a special p^
was appointed
Pan^
^M^
who
Shih''
^<.
Altai),
resided at
Chinese j^
Altai
Hebei-Amban
first at
i\^
river.
originally
Uliasut'ai
subordinated
No.
{see
like the
Since
879).
these
officials
received
the
Amban
at
Shara-smne
being-
881.
subjects of the
office of
ments
Office
1.
Dzarghuch'ih
(see
Yiian'^
Chinese,
there are
of
the
882.
to
all
Mongolian
affairs {see
p#
fj
No. 883).
designated in treaties,
^jj
YUan^'; also
Manchus
in
154
this officiaL
in-
at
UHasut'ai
No.
{see
attached to the
879),
Hebei-Amban
Urga
residing;
at
Khalklia region,
tlie
at ITrga
at
Hebei-Ambans
to the
K'obdo
{sec
to the
Ko. 879a
i.e.
one
Hebei-Amban
and one
at
Uliasut'ai,
{see
K'obdo.
at
Any
in
Should
he
Banners
it is
the
so.
wii^h
latter,
examined
district are
into
niiiiiese in
the
Khalkha
by him or referred
to the
Hebei-Amban.
883.
Chihsa,
oi-
Office
Chihshiyang, or C'hihsang,
into (juestions raised
attendance
is
at,
Chihsang there
yearly ap))oint('d one Dzassak (sfe No. 873) from each of the
jUBticc.
more
whose
at
iiiatlcrs
.-.niall
inijiortant
alliiirs
it
hands
he
is
suie
of
of
protection
sends the
Mongol
four
or. tribal
(ou(;erned
to
and
;
in
Iiis
Baruier,
at
and the
irupiiries
made, for
th(;
judgment
Bani-er.
8H4.
ap|)ertain
1.
Six
Mongolia
{see
-ir.r,
(in
Chinese
883
^q
0Q4.
885
to
887
T'u*
Mo*
in
tribes;
Lu=*
T'e*
The Mongols
3.
T'e*),
Wi
Mongols
divided
reference,
Cherim League
WiW M M
'^-
or Iimer,
$|
of the river
'W ^* Chi*
T'e*).
The Southern,
military
Ku'), and 4.
885.
of
MMlhM^-^MI^
Chinese
Meng3
The Ch'aldiars
:Sleng^), 2.
Hua
Kuei
and T'umets of
Bih^M
Nei'
p^M'f^^^M
into
are, in administi-ative
six
divisions,
with
six
^M^^
Chinese
(in
Meng^),
2.
Chosot'n
League
(in
Chinese
^^
Chinese
^ B^^
Bi
Cho^
So^
T'u2 Mcng^),
3.
(in
'^^^^^'
^^^"'
Ta' Meng'^),
4.
Silinghol
League
Chinese 1^
(in
Ikh Chao
League
Chinese
(in
Chinese
(in
Chao^ Meno2;.
886.
The Cherim League
tribes:
Ch'in*
Pu*),
of
six
^'ha^
(in (Jhinese
Banner, and
Erh^
is
j^
4.
Lo^ Ssu'
III
^ Hsl" Lin^
M^^^
^^
jig
I^
^^'^^^'
K'o*
^LS^nlJ
tribe
# |^
^^ll^
tribe
ri|5
KV
Erh^
(in
(Chinese
Durbet
2.
Banners,
fi^ -tJ
Ghorlos tribe
Djalait
'^^"''
l^^rh^
^ M ^ oR
Chinese |5
of
two
Thus
Banners.
Pii*),
(in
it
I^^'o'
includes ten
1.
Kharach'in tribe
[
45G
(in
Chinese R in>liv
^[5
Chinese
MJi
it
whole,
The Ao-Khan
one Bainier,
Man^
oH
(in
Clhinese
5.
The Aru-Khorch'in
^L
(in
(in Chinese
t'
As
j5,if
*[5
<
(in
of two
V.(i^
Nai*
'hincse
The Djarud
f4
|I^
of:
Pn^), of
^^
tril)e
4.
Banners,
made up
Ao' Ilan^
(Chinese
is
'hinese
<
The Barin
3.
t^vo
tribe
Banners,
A^ Lu'
*(J
The Ongnio.l
tribe
The Keshikliteng
tribe
^ ft ;^ ^ ^R
Cliinose
(in
K'e*
tribe
298 S(|uadrons.
The Silinghol League
889.
<;uj)|)lving
tribes:
Uehmnueh'in
1.
Mu'
(.'Im'
Chinese
^u 5^
twu
I5.'umers,
i\:i'
f)f
PPl
I'uM,
13 "u
IIjiis
following tribes:
3.
Pu*
Tzii'
Chinese
L'rat
thrc<'
Wing;
Chinese
T'e'
M J^
'^^ a\i
(in
Kliaoehit
^"'
^'''
^ [^
Chinese
tri))c (in
two Banners,
of
Pn^).
Bn') of
'i''^"'
A" Pa'
P^^ *f5
(
of ten Banners,
\]j]
11
stiuadrons.
Lf^),
'H
fiuj)|)lviiig
('li'ap
1.
and
Chinese
of
liaiUHM-, 2.
(iiie
Mao*
Ming^ An'
Cl.inese
A|J
tribe (in
lianners,
in
Ch'i^
tribe
Abaga
The Ulan
890.
bsii*
ol5
(in
4.
Hao"
i-fdisi^ts
it
tj'-
tribe
Sniiit
3.
(h'in*
{see
tribe (in
J.
R^
%\ii^
Khalkha (one
fjjf
IT^
;:f,-
t-
'<'=''
Mao
u'
.Mingan
liil)e (in
one
lianner,
of
I^l^,
trilx"
l'^'''*
888
tO
890
HSo"^
iJ| *jj
tribe y\n
<^'''a'
No.
K'o'
7.
<if
tribe (in
s(ina(lrons.
(see
one Banner,
Pu^), of
G#
223
ofi\ intj
The Nainian
2.
T'nmet
2.
888.
1.
Mo'
tl oR T'u'
from the
'\'''''
..f
Right
^o' P),
of
In
one Banner.
all
it
62
squadrons.
^^^-
892
'^^^^
Chao League
the Ordos tribe
'-^'^^
seven Banners" of
{see
(in
No. 885)
Chinese
is
15
made up
M^
of
^5
Iff
As
892.
Southern
of
are
not
891,
to
the
include
arranged
IMongolia
Khalkhas
people of one gtock alone, as is the case with the
various
(compai-e No. 870), but are composite organizations of
Leagues
'^n* Lo*), of
tribe consists
in
No.
873).
are subject to
Chinese Government.
the
Peking
authorities
The expedition
It
of affairs
a})])ears
is
in the
Southern
that
Mongolia
is
destined
to
be
Uda League,
that of
pj]
\^
the prefecture of ^^
League,
T'ao'^ Nan^ -Fu^,
prefectures of
Ch'eng^
Te^'
Fu^ and
^^ )^
/fj-
j/f (ni'ao"^
part of the
f^
il^
Ch'ang^ Ch'un^
Fu\
il )^ Ch'ang^
The
(ul<.)iiiz;itioii
Chinese emigrants,
is
of
tlie
going forward
wvy
{see
ra}iidl\
l)y
Nos. 777
are
(.'hinese
CHINA,
l)F
their
control
IJanner
and collection of
affairs
but
jK)j)ulation
has
also
^ n^ ^
No. 884).
in
(
have
lost their
Chinese j^ f^ Yu-
Great Wall
l^
i^J^
^Iii')
supervise
Banner
<
the
"hieftain.
I*:^h^
that thev
in
Ha-
Ch-A-
to
authority
i-e
Their camps
generic govermuent.
in
lie
and i^ |^ Jff
prefectmcs of m. i^ Ji'f H^nii"' Uim Yu\ of Chihli,
For administrative and military
Ta* T'ung^ Fu^ uf Shansi.
Banners (on the same
purpo>es thev are organized under eight
and
;f4
two Wings,
in
arranged
'^
Licutenant-( Jovernor
Militarv
Tso^
which,
in
tiuii,
Left, or Eastern,
1',
are
Wing,
I'lireh
forces)
military
\'u^
5^
Manchu
the
as
footing
(f
898;.
For
of
title
assist
lands,
in" the
the
relations
:jl:
through an
latter
examination
Inlemhuit
residing at
(luestions
of
concerning
hinese,
bearing
Ilsuan-hna
l"u.
(ioserunienl
co
lere-
styhd
Iflft
]vV
(,i]
%\\
4:.9
Chili'
]
893
894
^ ^ | ^^^
stationed,,- respectively, at
To'
Liin^
No^ Erh^
P
Change Chia^
T'ing', Dolon-nor (also Lama-miao), 5^
Tn^ Shih^ K'ou^ T'ing'.
K'ou' T'ingS Kalgan, and ^^ :0 P
Within the Ch'ahar territory there are situated the Imperial
pasturages, or
which Jias
Governor of Ch'ahar
(see
Miti^U^
894.
T'e*,
No. 8 8).
of
Ki^ei'
No. 884).
The T'umet are divided into two Banners which, in turn,
Tso^ I*, Left, or Eastern,
are arranged in two Wings,
Yu* I*, Right, or Western, Wing. Their
Wing, and "^
see
^^
camps
lie
Hua
North of Kuei
to the
Ch'eng, or
K'u K'u Ho
The Banner
T'umet
affairs of the
Manchu
tribe are
attended to by
{see
affairs, as well
camps
of the
T'umet
tribe, there is
M ^^iBM K"ei'
Yvian^ Ch'eng^.
^ j1 ^
the
title
Sui^
Sui^
Ping^ Pei*
He
has
Mongols
an Intendant bearing
Tao^
as his
residing at
assistant
Civil
Commissioners styled li
Li^ Shih-* T'ung'^ Chih\
(fij
^[i
Fu' Min^ T'ung^' ChihS or ^fe J^ ji ^jj Fu^ Min'
T'ung' P'un'* (sec Nos. 849 and 849a), who are stationed at
M^m%]^
Mih^
Ho
r5
Knei'
T'o), fQ
To'
t'inj?,
ft
Shui^
Ho2
t'ing,
T'ing',
M1&WB
[
-/f
^K
fo^
t;h'ing'
460
^ Jt j^
]
Tlie
the region oi
&
}\\
T'ingi.
ha' Shau^
they have
^M
(also
lying North
Ho' Lan'
Ul
settled.
Khasar,
Wang'
{sec
Yiian^
They
Ying'.
divided
are
into
eight
p([iiadrons.
^^
in
the province of
Kansu
(see
Ning^ Hsia*,
which reason the Mongols of Alashan are also designated as
for
the "
Mongols
of the
Ninghia Department."
M i^ ^ ^ ^ M
896.
(see
No.
Miiiiciiu
also
tin-
KO.j),
Chi*
Na*
T'u^
Chill*
^'
If#
of the
(ieiierul-in-Cliicf at
of
consist
They
ej-t
camps
of the
Alashan
Mongols
of the
Ninghia (compare
No. 895
see
896a.
West
i^I
^^
gg $H
Lu
1'"' Hsi' K*
T'6*,
Oirad
to
the
(/.r.
|| ^pj Huang' Uo\ Yellow River).
This is the general designation of the .Mongols of Alashan and
tlic Old Tour-outh- of the Edsine (see Nos. H95 to 896).
of the River
897.
(
liief,
the
^ im ^'i^
or Military Eioiilcnant-fiovernor of
residing at
JjjJ
.Ir'
Ho'
lOHo)
Manchu
General-in-
.Irliol (ser
No. 719a),
(.lehol
in
also
called
jfi
fff
Ch'eng*
Ki'
895
^^
T'g*
Khabut'u
Ch'in^
compare above),
is
Ho'
Hsing-^
No. 884)
see
^ ^ ^^ A*
Ivansu, ^vhere
which
of
Mongols
Shan'';
ffi
^ M
Lin' T'ing',
T'ao^'
895.
of
^^
P^
897
898
to
899
Chao Uda
and
g^
(see
(also
called
Wei^
tJc
Mu*
The
civil
is
carried on,
^^
M^M
Wei^ Ch'ang^
T'ing', lieaded
by a
Jte
|^ [^
%\i
Fii^
Min^*
M^^W U U
898.
Hal
Cli'a^
^^.j^s
t^n
If
S!l
League
MM
(see
Lieutenant-Governor
(see
No.
Formerly tlie
j^ Mu* Ch'ang', Imperial Pasturages {er
No. 893), were under the sujiervision of the Military LieutenantGovernor of Ch'ahar since I 908 they have been managed by a
;
No. 755),
fW Wj
^ 1^
of
Ch'ahar
a"
A" Le'
ex
officio.
1''ai*
Chiin'
is,
T'ai', Military Post Koads of Altai (foi- d(>tails see No. 754).
899.
Sui' Yiian^ ( ],',>ng2 (^hiang^ Chun',
^^J^Htll
Manchu
Gcnci-al-in-Chief
at
Sui-viian-ch'cno-
oi-
watch over
tlie
official
are the
affiiirs
of
Military-
Under
the T'unict
tril)e
In a(hHtion, he keeps a
Ch'eng (see No. 894).
actions of the Ulan
Cli'ap League (see No. 890).
[
^C>2
Wu*
Ta'
Cli'cn^,
As
778).
his
M M M f^
of
title
:^^
to
903
there
assistant
the
i;*
Ivuei^
;^^
residing at
900.
Mongols
He
assisted
is
^g
by the
g|j ^\{
^ f^
90L
]g
1^1
Bureau
found
is
League
No. 892),
lOv
is
(see
Head Bureau
by
the
(see
the
the affairs ol
Mongols
the
detailed
organization
He:ul
the
of
liureau
of
No. 812a.
For particulars as
Shili^,
(see
of
Ssu'
i^
the
at
M(--ng3
to the
Connnissionor
post
of
of
ffj
Mongolian
(^ Mi-ng^ \Vu*
Alfiiirs
f^abolishod
in
Kokoiior
I\'i(l<^iin(ir (
902.
yg Ch'ing'
K'ukNuior
Hai-',
Mongolian
No.
(sre
tribes (sre
Its
8(58).
who are
(see
No.
nu'lcr
the
swav of the
('hinesc
Amban
:it
Si-nincj
!)(;.'>).
903.
the
control
Si-ning ^ser
'ii^
fAf.
f)f
N'o.
900
>\}f
the
!M).'>).
i-/
Lti--
Impciriid
Their
f
Oclots.
Ts-',
(
llwst-
'oiitrollor-nen('r:il
local goveiiuiient
l'-:5
is
are
under
(/mban)
invested
in
at
the
904
IQ
905
of
Avith the
No.
(see
Mongols
29 Banners,
into
Lake K'nk'nnor)
for a
Leagne meeting
affairs
the mutiny' of
Lubsang Tan-ching
is
(in
not an elected
League meeting
872) but, at the ruling of the Peking-
(compare No.
Khosholt
tribes of
K'uk'unor
0 Ho*
(in
Chinese fQ
16^ '^^
(in
Chinese
M Bt
^J>'
T'e'^
Pu^),
21 Banners,
Khalkha
2.
1
I^
all
Banner.
Ch'oros (in Chinese ^,
3.
Ijr
2 Banners,
T'e*
4.
Khoit
5.
Tourgouth
(in
Chinese
(in
)^' if^ |5
Chinese
M M #'
all
Banner, and
'i''"'
^^i''"^
^^^
PuO, 4 Banners.
904.
1^ l^ T'ang* Ku^* Te*, langouth
Fan^, Western Tribesmen (see No. 902).
^ Tsu^,
also
'^
Tribes, ruleu
avIio are, in
by
Us?
"^
905.
^^p
la fl
W ri ^ ^
;/C
4C4
Ilai'
Shih*
Wu'
Ta"* Ch'eir)
control of
and
Tibet
Lamaist Hierarchy
the
Dynasty
^^
as ^
Tsang^
The Mongol
906.
the
Wu'
gl
Ifr
KuoS
Ssu^
known during
%^M
or
is
the Vim<g
Wn^
Ssu^
Western
designation
Parung-t'ala
Country), or T'udbod (H f|^ {{# T'u^ Po* Te"'). By the Tibetans
Hsi^ Fan^ also
T'u= Fan', or tZg
themselves ( Pf
-^
{i.e.
-^ :|# T'ang'^
T'ang^ Ku^ T'e% or
or Bod, and 15nd-jul (the land of Bod).
OiTesponds, so
it
to the
seems,
('li'ien-
The
Tsang',
provinces
(j5
called
Wei^ (Yi
f^f;
the Chinese
Til)et,
or Yii in
Bot,
last-mentioned term
i.e.
by
or Eastern,
Anterior,
Pu^)
called
is
Chinese designation
old
of which,
first
it
T'c*)
Ku^
~^\
of
consists
Til)etan
^
the
also called
^%^
called
second,
by the C^'hinese f^
A'
2sari (Ngarij, or
lii',
Hou^
])ro\ inces
of
Tsang"*,
^ Tsang',
Ulterior, or
and
Pnf
Nari-Kliorsnng.
As
641
Ganibi),
the
liina
began
in
the
c(;ntin-y
(^ i^
;JIj
became allied with the Kmporor ;^ 7^
^V<^'"
L'h'eng,
daughter of the
'.0
7tii
A.D. when
^JC /jK
hi>
<
title
as his
latter.
T'ai* Tsnng', of
wile the
I'or
many
over Tibet
i'linccss
centuries
^ ^ Tsan*
906
CHINA..
^^
of a religious association
Sa' Chia^)
known
written in Chinese
^ffi
at that period
#^ G
P"*
by
^^^'
the
Sakja,
name
the
^^'e''
by
(Chinese
of
Brugbay
Pa^
of
itself
1439
in
in attaining the
Lamas
src
No. 914).
became a
vassal of
China and
Pao=*
Doctrine,
^^2
Ta*
in
giving
Tibetan
rulers.
his reign as
in
^ ^^ Ch'ung^
the
Kham
province.
[
46G
hiiri
Nomen Han,
the Sanskrit
or Prince
"
(Khan)
equivalent of
Dharma Raja,"
^E
title of
Pa', or ,1^
Ti*
Wang-, King
title
'^^i^h^
of [g fg
Xot long
of Tibet.
!\^
^''^'
^I
after,
Kuo-*
and also their inclination to throw off the Chinese yoke, incited
Government
the Chinese
Tibet.
in
Accordingly,
territory of the'
1727,
large
part
of
border
the
Kham
dominions of China.
sovereignty
temporal
in
was
Tibet
the
in
The
take
direct
to
Dalai Lama.
907.
JIJ
i? ;^
Ciui^
Tsang^
Ta* ChV'nS
Imperial
Resident of
styled
No. 906).
Both the Resident and Assistant Resident of Tibet are
instituted in
1727
.'lee
under the
dire*eti()n
charged, however,
<>l
anil
are
witli
i<;7
ail
907
gQ3
fQ
909
important questions.
of communication
K'a^
known
is
or
Kiio^
staff of
Government and
Chinese as J^ |^
in
Pai^
;fQ
They have a
"Parbuttiya.
OF CHINA.
Pu%
and
% f^ ^ M
I'
^^J^
tlie
j^ Kuo^
1^^^
Fn\
Ch'ing^ Chang^
Since
1909,
attached a
%iM
^^
908.
three
Chinese
Ml ft 1^
Tibetan
the
to
^M
Residents
Imperial
there
has
been
officials,
^ Cha^
civil administration.
8hih-^
Of
rank are
this
^ ^
Imperial Residents in
all
Tibet.
909.
By the Tibetan-Indian Commercial Convention,
concluded between China and England on the 21st October, 1908,
in Tibet,
in addition to
foreign trade in
Chiang!
Gartok
Tzui,
Customs
At Yatung
there
f^
there
is
been
^^ ||
of Chinese
nationality.
have
^ i^ ^
established
At
^. -^
Shui'*
first
Ka^
TV
JX
to
Jj^
K'e*,
Kuan\ Custom
Commissioner of
Kuan^
(Justoms
Ch'ia*,
Barriers.
168
XM M
K^ing'
Ch'eng^
Works Department,
Public
C'hiiS
Court of Justice,
etc.
^^^^
appointiug
^^^
Pan^ C\m\
Ts'ai'
at these places.
Agents,
four
ttg
^^
ex
and,
officio,
911-
ment
is
over
all
The
it^ _fc
staff of the
Chinese
the
of
Councillors
official
Treasury of the
^ Tsai'
Class
1st
Peng'*,
(invested
with
-^
^^if^rig^
Cho' T'e* Pa', Councillors of the Treasury of the 2nd Class
Yeh*
(invested with rank of the 4th Class), and tMO
;^
iji]F
^M
The remaining
912.
of Tibet are
Stud
Roads
(Hierbang\
Pang'
Police
Two IR
1.
of Streets and
^ G
Two ig
;
fifth
Ti^
Ta*, Great, or
Two
',.
/J"
officials
ff
f|f
rank,
Pa'
of
Two
of
Jl
Wi
^^
Justice;
(Shediba),
Tw( j^ 3^ Ta*
rank, 4.
sixth rank,
fifth
rank).
Commissioners
^''O^
officinl
Hsioh^ Krh'
fifth
rank,
Superintendents
.S.
of
|^ Chung' P, Secretaries
distinguished by
lia\ iiig
the
of the
character
title
of the
(J.
T?
hIx classes
Pa', or
mto
910
tO
q\2
913
tQ
913.
914a
the
^^
characters
f^
Tai*
six
(Commandant;
Pen'^),
in
all;
12
jiw
Commandant
rank
fifth
in all,
3.
^3^
4-
^^
sixth rank
24
in all.
and
^@
913a.
Officers
of
all
(-{H;
Tungi K'o^
civil
and military.
Officers
are
Shih* Chia^),
known
as
Tongkhor
(^^4^
Erli=^).
914.
to all
both
ranks,
selection
appointed by
aristocracy
Fan^ Mu*,
all.
^i{
^ fj
914a.
The word
il] Bjc
Ma^
Dalai Lama.
The
Dalai
or ih
Tscngkhaba
incarnation,
or
Avalokiteswara
(in
ISo.
of the
yu6),
Avatar
Chinese
Mongalian Ariyabalu),
as
as
regarded
Chinese Df
in
ILia* Shen^)
[see
or
Chamts'o,
i.e.
Cheptsun
Lama,
Moiigolian Kubil'han
"Ocean"
is
|?j
re-embodiment
(in
and,
(Sanskrit),
of
M'm ^'M
the
Bodhisattwa
Pa^; in
470
(^ ^
^ 1^ M
as
such,
the
is
ecclesiastical
Gegen-Dub
{see
were
Lanias,
Tiie title of
|^
1640 A.D. upon the fifth Superior
Lama (Navang-Lobtsang) by the Gushi Khan, the reigning
Prince of the Khoshoit Mongols, and was sanctioned in 1652
Superior,
A.D. by
the
^ f^
Emperor
Lama
in
to
T'ien'
Buddha
Complacent
during the
the
Tzu^
Shan^
visit
of
title
Tsai^
the
of
;/>;
tt
i^f
Hsi^
Peking of the
to
Lama,
to this
title
Emperor
^^
Civilization
^^
Tz'u-
"'
Decree
Imperial
{see
of
the
3rd
November,
1908).
On
the death
([)
view
in
Yuan^
of the Dalai
Clii<)
Lama
inquiries
are
made by
the
steps
AVith this
as
priesthood
to
The names
<^
4w
of the children
jfS
<-"'"'
1'*^'"'
in
chosen
^^^
P'ing2)
whom
and
that
drawn forth
re-embodied.
Th<- monastery and palace of
'1
a^
Dalai
I>ama
(Tabran-
^^^
"Red
!Marbu, meaning
Pu*
the
monastery was
biiilt in
which
lies
the city of
compare above).
[
>-l
fifth
Lhassa
Superior
(the
Lama
As
thi*ee
mountains sacred to
the-
the
coast of
mWWiW W, /B
914b.
Ni* La'
i!l
Panchen Erdeni
Ma\
P'u^ T'o^
UJ
1?^
of.
Lama,
Panchen Einpioche
or
(Pearl of Intellect).
is
by the Buddhists
believed
to be a
re-embodiment
Buddhas
in
of
the
Meditation;
Biiddha-Amitaba
in
Chinese
jJjiJ
^ ^
^''^
The
is
Five
the
A^
Mi'' T'o
Po^).
as
of
(one
Gegen-Dub
the Dalai
The
{see
selection of the
first
No. 906)
Ji^ K'a^
glj
^ze\
1445 A.D.
made
is
exactly
Lama
in
I^
Lama, declared
as such
by the
One
of the
of the Panchen
sixth in succession
^^
also
1.
Councillor, 2.
pjiftlHl^
M "^ M W^
[
Chi*
Sui*
472
Chung*
Peng* La'
]
was
i^ f?
f b ftS
built in
1783
Ssu'.
are
La'
attached
the
MaS
Chief
Ma^ Lama
of the
Second Degree,
H.
;4ii
^^^
Ma\ Lama
of the
Fourtli
Pon='
^^t>n'
51^
I^IJ
gf Ij
These
Degree.
are
positions
all
filled
of the
915.
Mongolian
Han^
^I^'"'
Faith"
of the
tk
^'o*
| fPV^
is
^^^^
This
Wang'^).
title
has,
Chinese
(in
for a long
conferred
often
Tt
906).
was
imder whose
ecclesiastical
upon
dignitaries
Regent, the Tibetan Council (see No. 910) was
For
placed during the repeated minorities of the Dalai Lama.
this reason these dignitaries were sometimes colloquially called
as
direction,
a^
^ Tsang*
ot
Nomgn Han
In addition
"Ming Hao"
(;^
to
the title
^)
or "title
^ :^ ^ Hf H
Ka' Erh Tan' Hsi' Le^ T'u^) together with the olhce
GiSff
"
^^'
K'<^''
S^^5h^
The
died
in
last of
exile in
915a.
Fo^,
in
Mongolian
ff!
Church
as
or
"Teacher,"
Shih'.
of the
Mongolian
the
^ ^ |
White Prince
gjj
in
of Bakhshi,
1844 and
91.5a).
Ch'a^
;
in
Ilan^
rendered
in
No^
Men''
Chinese as
Han,
^ ^
This
Pai'
title
is
borne
Hut'ukht'n,
spiritual
Hokn
Hcjtii.
r
17:5
sent
coiuisellor
015
^O
qik.
On
Q16b
to
QIQ
the
successors
remove to
thft
of
Decree of
enthroned
(^
Tso*
be
should
Lama
alone.
Hambo Lamas
Df
^ ^ m
meaning
The
|f^ 3fS
Elch'in,
is
T'u^*
K'e^
interpreted
is
||.
M ^^E*
is
^"h'
y^
T'u^,
Hut'ukht'u,
the Chinese as
by
who
colloquial designation
A.
title
He
fiui
of Tibetan monasteries.
returns again").
Huo'^ Fo^, Living Buddha.
Shaburung
^^
(^jj
Sha^
Mongolia, 57 in
Chamdo and 14 in, or near, Peking.
last-mentioned see No. 917.
When
manner
as
The names
For
of
particulars as to the
is
474
Lama
(see
in.
No. 914a;.
916a
Q^y
(^
)g(
issued
Edicts are
Tungkhor Hut'ukht'u
No. 917).
see
Many
"
meaning
Light."
^^M-^^^f^'^M
916a.
Hu'
Dalai
T'u^
Lama and
The
Mongols
Hut'ukht'u as
Messiah
the
Maidari
the
Buddhism
of
refer
frequently
to
Hut'ukht'u
in CI Inese
the
Oheptsun-damba
(from
^ ^} ^
Maitreya,
Wi' Le* Fo^).
the
He
also described as
is
Khan
in
Khan.
Tliis title
as appertaining to
The
is
Lama
official
For particulars
the
Urga
917.
i'ontifF, s^e
gi T^
Organization
Thanks
Church" by
frOm K'ang
in
to
No. 875.
^!j
Chu^
Ching^
La^
Ma',
Lamaist
the
" Yellow
the
Hsi,
Emperors
of the
to
1662-1722),
the
Monasteries), Dolon-nor
(also
I$ll
i^j
Shara-suinC,
17:,
Yellow, and
^q
#H
Wen2
at 3
where there
Shansi province,
in
Shan^,
especially,
is
Wu'
[ij
T'ai*
famous temple
Ta*
i^^^^^
^ ^ ^ Chen^
^^
^^
parts of Mongolia.
all
Among
appertains to the
T'u",
Changcha
He
Chiao'*).
is
Hut'ukht'us
Metropolitan
^ ^- Pf
Iffl
Hut'ukht'u
the
first
place
^H
(also
Chang'
designated
the re-embodiment of a
^^
as
acknowledged
to represent
The
l7th century).
latter
the
district
about
Hut'ukht'u,
1691.
diu-ing
the
reign
of the
original Changcha
Emperor |^ [^ Ch'ien^
his residence to
Peking, where he
^^^
Hui
Minchur Hut'ukht'u
(WC^'^^'M^ M Min'
^ ^ P5
An^
Ting*
Men',
[
2.
476
Galdnn
]
Chu^
l^rh'
^^^ Tung^
Siret'u
Hut'ukht'u
Vv^^n^mM^fM'^M
Ke*
IW
T'u2 Ke^
TsunfT^ K'an^
Ka^
^^^'
Tan^ Hsi2
T'u^
Hu'
T'u-
Pii*,
Hn^
T'u=
T-ii-).
Lc'^
Hufukht'u (Jf
( "lii^
Df
:^
Lung"
These all have preceacnce of the ||M i^
C'hiluno-
T'n-J, 3.
jjnl
class mentioned,
JU :^
headed
^ Tung^
K'o^
Kc''
at Dolon-nor.
918
as follows:
of tlie
M^
\.
\l\l ^l
-^
Kt? Ta^ La^ Ma^, Dzassak Da-Lama, Grand Cliancellor of the
office, 2.
iXj^yi
^-
S^
ilJ
<
Ruler of Lamaseries,
lia^
Sa'
4,
glj
ff]
^L li !^
5l!l
K.'-^
Lamasery
the
of
supervision
duties properly, 5.
6-
No.
(com]. are
tJC
"^ Te"
Mu*
or Steward of
9.14),
pjl]
Hsien^ San'
W\ nk in ^M
post
glj
ensure that
to
Lamas,
7.
^,
TfC
Mu*
Te^
^F
Lamasery, H.
Tibetan (lisk-hiii;
in
,^>
Ki;''
Ch'i^
(also
Demch'i Lama,
Ssu' Kuei' (in
or Provost;
in
are
many Gebhuis,
the senior
is
designated as
'l\\
where there
Ciebhiii).
^-
ite-tiif4^
Pan'
'I'i',
Lower.
'<.?
j'.iiridi
Ill
Ts'u'
(in
f:rh,
Tibt-tiui
(Jets'ul,
Middle, and
(Ihoncng;
f<J;
177
<^
]
>^lia'
in
Kalmuk
\'\\
3.
Jjf
.M;uicliih).
No\ices.
918
'
PART
lY.
APPENDIX
919.
T'e*
f^
P'ai^
Ch'ali
gi^i^s.
Specially
Officials.
Deputed
In
S!
to
officials
charging
with special
very widespread, for instance, for conducting iiegotiations with Foreign Powers in connection with the conclusion of
missions
is
^^
920.
Ch'en^,
[|^
? i:
K'ao'
Ch'a^
Under
Foreign States).
Tsai^ Tse, t^ -jj Tuan^ FangS
(of
#^^
920a.
this
designation
fiSj
Tai*
gj^ :/^
in
officials
(^
HungUz'u', and
1905.
August,
Gemiany
Shou*, later
920n.
^^
Wang^ Ta*-lisieh^),
England {^
Ta*
and
Japan (first
i^ H^ Yu^ Shih*-mei*)
1907,
(^
^^
to
gfij
^H
Li' Chia'-chii').
mmM'lk^^^
921.
J$
Commissioner
P'l
glj
;l^
An official
defining the Macao Boundaries.
took
part in the
hearing this title, "^MWlt. Kao* Krh'-ch'ien',
deliberations of a mixed Sino-Portuguesc Commission convened
for
[
31
919
481
gn-t
w
*
922
to
for
the
purpose
of
boundaries
the
defining
Macao
of
(in
1909).
mmflim:kU
922.
gg^
K'^^^
studied the
continental
Cheng^ Ta*
title,
j ^g
fj^
T'ang^
of
922a.
of the
situation
financial
Xs'ai^.
Shac^-i',
Ch'a^
financial organization
(^
'^ Hj I^
I^'^o^
Ch'a^
Ts'ai^
He
taken
towards
^^
Chien^
spreading
extending
Fa^),
education
^^^
III
M^W
institution of Postal
Savings Banks.
K'ao^ ^^'a:/c
#^^H
923.
(^
ChV
Chimi Ta*
Hai^
ping\
left,
in
the
Autumn
of
1909, to study
the
visited
Autumn
title,
Russia.
of 1910.
^^M'M :k^
Ch'en*, Commissioner
with this
Germany and
923a.
situation of
tlie
K'ao^
Clra*
Lu-
Chiin^
for
Ta*
Invested
in
1910,
to
these countries.
924.
mmm^nm^^^^^
Wu*
<
'i^'"^'
<
"i^'-^i^
p^^^'
j^M^
g^
482
iS IS
C'lIXA.
^^^"^
^ if
924a.
Cli'en-,
^ ^^ g
jftj
Associate
Commis.-ionor
Imperial
Commercial Treaties.
This
(in
190y;.
Negotiating
925.
title
I^
It
Sovereigns.
Wang'
name
fc^
the
was borne by 6| |^
Ch'un'
^^ j^
to
Ch'iii^
Rank, personal
1901 to
in
Germany
tendering
indemnity of
1900, /^ $3 1^
T'aug- Shao*-i^
^ tS Tsai^
to
for
and
in
908 and,
[)art
of
the
Ambassador
as
similarly. Prince
hen'*,
?r|
^ fl 5g 13 ic [5
926.
Tai''
of
Funeral
Rites.
Superintendent
various Princes of the Blood- and High Officials
in
November, 1908,
Dowager
T'/ii
y^"-
Hsi (20
^B^
Examination of
o^"
the
Empire
ajul
the Em])ress
officials in all).
^'e"'
Thus
(Jlh -ials.
officials
who
officials
I^^ang*
are
Ta*
^;h'en, Controll<-r
designated
the
of
^Ictrojjolitan
l.iw,
to receive
4H
with
llie
924a
^q
927
928
^Q
020
object of
taking up
official
(for
appointments
instance,
The examination
record, etc.).
any obstacle
is
to their
defects,
physical
of these officials
bad
made
is
j^ i^
THmg^ Cheng*
designation,
literary
^ ^
Yin^
T'ai''.
This
was
office
The
direct.
Emperor
staff included
all
:
^ ^ ^ ^ j^ WCi^
1.
^ Yin^
^W
^MM
^W
T'ai*,
M^
Deputy
<
I*,
ali^HJ^^
3.
one
Manchu
one
Manchu
MM
'^
Instruction
^ }^
literary
This
4.
the
Yiian
was
Dynasty
called
^^
with
Ch'u'
the
charged
Heir Apparent but, as the
Emperors of the reigning dynasty, for reasons already mentioned
{see No. 12), forbore from making the selection of an Heir
direction
of
department
the
studies
of
specially
the
^84
Apparent during
their lifetime,
it
M^J^ lEM^
^
^
of
The
office
up,
Members
of
its institution,
its
made
^'han Shih*
of
Instruction
J Kung^ Cheng*,
^* Kung^ Yin',
literary designation,
Tuan^ Yin^ :k'^ i^ Ta* Rung' Tuan\
Ch'u'
Tuan', J^
^g
Two
:}<
^m ^'^' ^^^'^' TuanS and
-^ Rung' Chan'; 3a, 2.
H^
M ^
'J^
Ohan^
Fu^
Shih*
Chan^
Shao*
M^^
^^ Tuani
Four
Ch'eng=^; 4a, 3.
Deputy
Tzu',
Shih*,
^^
^i^^.^
Supervisors of Instruction,
Shao*
Tuan\ and
^
^
two
Tso',
Senior,
^
^ ^ ^ it
^^
(^^li'"ii'
of
Supervisorate
and two
Yu*, Junior
;;^
and :^ ^;
literary
5.
Four
Tsan*, and
i5fc
Instruction
Imperial
:;^
.^ S^u'
designation,
^%
Ssu'
5b, and
7.
Ilsien'
Chii-
Li
Ma^,
Sujjervisorate
^^
Two
6.
Ch'uni
Librarians;
Rung^
^^^
f^
literary
Ya2 Men',
Tsung^
of the
tjj
'X
ii
^M
mn.^m ?K i^ fS
930.
Wu*
^^
Clung'
^tfj^^
designation,
literary
the
two
Yiin^,
-f^
of
^ Tso^, Senior,
designation, ^ ^ Rung'
Instruction,
Imperial
Secretaries
Yiin^
Fang* Cliung^
or,
Ro*
more
l"3
IQ
H^]^]'^
explicit,
Ruo2 T'lmg'
Sl.ang'
^W
in
Sl.ih'
1H61
\%
Wu*
.15
/^ f/^ PI
Va' MCmi',
'\^
ami administered
h' ia il
Tsung-' Li' Ro* Ruo'
-Jf i^ ^< Ui
Ta* Ch'en', Members (for details see No. 305).
[
Shili*
Shil.^
Wu*
930
^^
930a
to
038
IrJ
^ It
^ tf
931.
Hsiin^
15
(seo
No.
^WCa^
1906 as the
of
College of
Foreign
311) at the Office
Nos. 305 and 930); abolished in 1900.
1862
in
estahlislied
Languages;
Wen^ Kuan^
T'ung^
p%
932.
Jen^
[5
ru%
^ Ssui
fj
and
T'u',
Eevenue
of
No. 349).
Nung^
Ssu^^
jg
(5^^
Ti^ Ts'ao,
while
or
M^U
932a.
Finance
formed
g^
with the
^ ^
nj
1903
in
15
Ts'ai^
(see
349b).
933.
Worship
T'ai*
:J^'^^
designation,
literary
Ssti'
Li' ''^sn%
p) Si
was in charge of
Court of
Ch'ang'^ Ssu*,
and
ffl
M '^ ^
^
C'h'ii'
Sacrificial
all
sacrifices
his deputies,
of Sacrificial
Li:^
Ssu*
Ch'ing',
Ssu* Ch'ingS
3a,'
and
Ch'ing^,
literary
Worship
literary designation,
fl
Ta* I^
m fl'Ta*
p]
^ ^ # iP
9PP
^^^
Feng* Cli'ang^
fj.^
Tsung^ Po=^
T'ai* Ch'ang" Ssu* SUao*
:k "^
'J>
Sub-Directors of the Court of Sacrificial Worship
2.
Two
designation,
fiS
[
486
^"^ :k^
^ ^ Ching'
geuerically described as
For
additional
officials
Fu\
Ta^
Ch'ang^^
i''^^g*
These
4.q
to
376b),
of Sacrificial
^^
Li'
with the
i.e.
Nos.
935
'
The Court
with the
934
were
Officials
T'ang'.
De])artment of
in
lit06
Rites (see
Sacrificial
Worship
No.
(see
No. 382a).
93-i.
:)t
iii^
"^
literary designation,
Ssu^ Tsai'
"^
Ssu^,
and
^^^
No. 376b).
the
or, in
60th anniversary
officials,
attainment of their
literary
at the
direction,
degrees, by Imperial
the
of
personnel was:
of
Two
IE
-^ ft^
of
the
Directors
Lu^
Ssu*
Banqueting
Ch'ing\
Cheng^
Kuang'
T'ai"* Kuan^ LingS
Court
:?6c
'b'
'p'
designation,
literary
Ceremonies.
Its
1.
^ P Ssu' Tsai'
^a'
Ch'ing^ :k
Ssu^ Shan*, and
3b, and
Ting' Hsi mg'
Shao^
Lu*
Ssu"^
2.
Two ^ii^^ 'J?
Ch'ing', SubKnang'
Directors of the Banqueting Court literary designation,
n] SI
W]
Ch'ing\ 7^
:k ^4 ffl Ta*
^^^'^s'
Department
935.
(see
1^
No. 383a)
flS
literary designation,
in \'.)06.
Hung' Lu'
i|
No. 376b).
The duty
of
at
to
1.
Two
18
487
936
to
Qoo
:/c
Two
2.
Ssu^
"l^a*
?[|
M#
and ic tt
12,
::!^
^P
^\
Shao^ Hsing2
4a, and
Ch'ing\ Sub-
Sliao*
literary designation,
Ji^n^; 5 b.
The Court
of State Ceremonial
&
of War {see"^o.
^15 Ping^ Fu\ Ministry (Board)
Wu^* Pu^,
Chia*
was
called
This
also
PuS fl
415).
;g *[J
Ssu^
Ma^
Pingi Ts'ao^, and
gg If Hsi^ Ts'ao^,
Ilsia*
while its President was styled "g 'g* Hsia* Kuan',
936.
^ ^
g^
:kM'^
Ch'ingS
^ H
^ !^
Jung^
936a.
^M
W.
1.
i^
rJ
Military
Chiin^
936b.
Lu"
of Military
{sec
No. 416)
Ssu^
Pu^
{see
amalgamated
Fn\ Ministry
Chiin^
Ssu%
Cheng*
and
Direction,
Department
T^^* ChiJn^
o|5
It consisted of three
^ "^
2.
1903
in
Administration,
^ Ta^
Reorganization established
in 19.06 with the |^ !p: *|5
{see
:J^
War
of
Departments
Department
of
Military
Department of
Chun^ Hsiieh^ Ssu\
p\
^ ^
3.
Education
T'ai* P'u^
"^
{see
No. 430a).
Coiu-t
of
the
Imperial
Chiung^
(see No. 417);
superintended the Imperial dioves, for which vast pasturages are
Stud;
j^'^i^
literary designation,
allotted
in
various
[^
Ssu*,
of
districts
T'ai^
South-eastern
was:
1.
Two
^ 11 ^ iE JP
mm
Ta*
Ssu^
the.
Imperial Stud
P'u^
T'ai* P'u=
^^^M
H#^
IIP
[
at
Its personnel
literary designation,
<^'l^i^ng'
P'u^
Ch'lngS i^
isi
T'ai*
488
etc.
Mongolia
Ssu*
Shao*
f^
3b,
Ch'ing\
937
qqq
420),
i.e.
the
Imperial
PV;4a.
Shao* Ssu^
to
of the Imperial
IDOC.
in
937.
TflJ
% Using'
No. 438).
(see
p]
The Court
433a\
Stud
literarv
designation,
^W-a\^
Court of
the
of
Siil>-Directors
the
as
190(1
Keorganize<i in
Fa<
^i- Ajj
!>,
jg
Ch'iu^
Hsien*
and
Pu*,
Ts'ao^
Ssui
lv'ou%
25 .g Hsi'
^W
Hsien^ Ts'ao%
Its
President was
T'ai=.
Ta^
Ch'ing\ gj ^^ Ssu' IIsien\ :/^ gj
Ta^ Ch'iu^ T^ai^
Ping= Hsien% and 'X
Li' '^^"S <-^'ourt of Judieatu)e
'J'^'
937a.
ailed
.^;
Ch'iu^
^M
X^#
and
Kcvision
i^M^^
LP
Ta*
No.
{sec
215);
190G
in
reoi-gauized
as
the
{see
No.
215AJ.
Tiie
Comt
Ch'ing',
and
j|$
p]
;fc
^^
styled
j^
Ta*
T'ing-
^^
Ssu'
Ta"*
^ Ts'an'
Yiin',
P'ing', and
while
Jt
the
S'>'
CliMu^
Hsing'
Ch'ingS
N'ice-PrcsidcMt
fpP T'ing-' Yii^
^J;
j^.J
was called | yj
mMW
Yu*,
^ g]
Its President
Chi* Ssu*.
XBm
\u\
T'ing'
and Revision
of Judicature
waj-
Shao<
Ch'ing'.
93.S.
iftj
j-;-!^
established in 1903C<?t
fX\
the
Department
939.
No.-.
460 and
of
|5
<
^'"'i^^'
ni5
of Agriculture. Industry
'^'"'K'
and Commerce
Kung' Vu\
4;0a).
Amalgamated
\*u\
[
Ministr>
4H',)
(see
I'"'^
No. 402),
-Ministry
with
i.e.
46.3!.
.Ministry
in
'^^':^".^''
(Board) of Works
of
j;"
.\grieulHur,
(.s7r
|!^j
n|5
Industry
940
and Cominerce
to
Industry
0^
No.
{see
% ^ Ssu^
its
^%
K'ung',
;;c
pI
940.
{see
the
Department
of
No. 491)
^ "^ Tnng^
also styled
Ts'ao^,
PuS
If Ch'i' Ts'ao", while
*^ Tiing^ Kuan\ ^ J|p Tung^ Ch'ing^
Ch'i
^
^ Ta* Ssu^ P'lng^.
JI ^ ^ Li^ Fan'
and
with
i.e.
462),
i||
pir^i^ Fan*
was
called
^ #
|fe.
Ch'ingS and
p]
Tien^
known
also
as
fp]
[rJ
^C
^P
President
and
941.
^ ^M Hsueh'
tional Affairs
in
^jj
Ch'ing^
Wu*
established in
1906 as the
^^
President
its
K'o^
^#^
was
Affairs
Hsiieh' Pu*,
{see
No. 395).
g ]g ^
^|^^
HONORARY
943;
The
TITLES.
titles
following honorary
filial
are bestowed
(j^Q J^,
Hsien')
'B.lB
on officials, either during their lifetime or after their death, for
distinguished service rendered the State: 1.
>Jc ^fP T'ai* Shih',
'
Grand Preceptor
3-
jfC ti^
Shih^,
^i^l
1a, 2.
;jjc
Junior Preceptor;
6.
*i?
1b,
5.
^}>
i^
Shao*
Fu%
Junior
4&0
These correspond
of the
titles
six
highest Ministers of
H%
titles,
XT
2.
IH,
to
i-eferring
much more
Shih',
iK,
Heir Apparent;
Grand Guardian
ff
1 r,
of
Grand Preceptor
Tzu^ T'ai*
Tai*
^ -?
1.
of the Heir
Fu^ Grand
Tutor of the
.3.
the
1^
>tC
Apparent;
Tai
;?{C
"jF
Pao',
SlJ
2a,
5.
T'al*
-M
last-raentioned
them
entitles
is
to
^ f^
be addi'essed as
^g
As
Heir
Apparent
(M''^i^
has
^'o^
been
Kung^ Pao',
(for instance,
J^
Yiian'
Kung^
in
this
it
phrase
the case of
Pao').
title
bestowed
upon
Sir
Kobert
Hart
General of the
the
Kung^
Inspector
Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs.
In the Peking Gazette there may often be noticed Decrees
Pao^),
^ :t
degree
(M
Shih*
("hou'
^f-
Hua^
M^^
Chia^j,
for
Hsiaiig'
instance,
Chii'
^ ^
Chih'
Nien'
Ming' An',
As
officials
Tai*
lias
The
Hurig'-tz'u' was
titles
late
(irand Secretary |K
on
^Jj 3S$
-^91
944
{see
February, 1910).
POSTHUMOUS
Marquis,
Y^^
En^ Ch'i^
Yi'i'*.
first five
The
fg Po^
3.
6.
Nall^ Baron,
Ch'i^ Tu^
the
Hereditary
@ Shih*
Duke,
f^
^ Kung\
^ Tzu^ Viscount, ^
II jg Chueh^ Yin^ or il
944,
Hou^
TITLES.
|I
Earl, 4.
Ch'c^ Tu^
Ch'l^ YiiS
"i^"'
2.
5.
m |fjt Ch'ing^
m m if
8.
Chiielr',
1.
(^
classes
Yu\
and
^m^
7.
9.
,f.
^^
Teng^) of each of
ranks.
^^
Ch'ao^ P'inS
"Eminent
and the
Marquis
spectively,
Hou^,
- ^Fj '^f
M^i^
Su'
I*
^M
etc.
^ Kung^
on 3 for a
to
(f
MM^
Among
^ ^ U^
Hsi^
^liil^'
the
Yiin- Ch'i^
Wang^
Manchus
distinguished
39),
3.
2.
as:
titles
1.
M^S
AMS
Among
or
l^ii*
number
heritable forever
T4^).
Possessors of such
for a specified
^^
^^^
Chiiehi
Tsung^
Shih*
Lo-
Kungi
(5^^
No. 718).
(see
Kung^)
Kung^
No.
are
(see
No.
40),
and
^ -^-Min^
Hon'
(^
Chien') to their
titles
Any
the
of
above-mentioned
titles
may be
confeiTed
This
"i^^^
title
was
Tsung\
of
the
Sung*
on
Dynasty,
^M
JL
Jen*
K'lnig'
from Confucius.
in line of descent
It
carries with
it
good
all
Those residing on
profit.
holder of the
title
ffl
,^
Ch'vi^
The second
of the Classics
is
title
son of the
8a.
^ ^^ %
Wu'
also
3S.MW
transmitted
^^
of
Choui
Tseng' Tzn\vu,
the
to
title (also
Ssu'.
,^> T/.u'
^^'"'
the
^^'''".-'
^^
SiS
[
in
famois
m^
2.
:Ac
eldest,
following
Kung',
4.
bears the
descendants
1.
of
responsible for
is
The
under consideration
heritable forever) oi
tl|
in a
exempt from
The
in
^"'
$
a
flj
'^'''''''
''"P'y
dirrrt
men
"''
line,
of
^e"' Y"''"''
Mii'^T/u'-chMen'.
493
]
of the
antiqtiity
^-
-V
ft
f^
fi(i
'^ Rj
944a
944b
to
944^
^^^
Chung* Chi*-lu^ 6.
Tuan^ Mu* Tzu^ Kimg\
Yen2Tzu3-yu2, 10.
:f.
^^
Meng* Tzu^ 14
1^^ tJC
1 1
9.
-^
fl|i
^^
h^^
^ Jan^
Fu^ ShengS
15.'
H j^
Han*
J^^M.
Yu*, 16.
5g
fj^
^M^M
12.
Chung4-kungS
h^ S
^ Jan^ Po'-niu^,
7.
Pu^ Tzu'-hsia*,
8.
-^
Yu' Tzu^-yu^,
The descendants
944b.
[1
19.
Ch'eng''
TsaP, 21.
of the
^^
Chinese
Government
the
title,
pirate
j^K ???
chief,
Formosa (1621-1696),
in the conquest of
" of
perpetual
of
inheritance,"
J^
also bear
Shih^
Hou^,
Marquis Shih.
944c.
^A
Cheng*
iiil i^
Descendant of the Founder of Taoism
by
JE
1^
;
3a.
This
title is
borne
of Taoism,
^ J^ ^
in
the
1st
944d.
"
J^,
on Posterity."
titles mentioned
public
servants
themselves
an
official
public service
who has
is
lost
his
designated as
life
No. 958).
[
494
944e.
944b
wo\mded
those
The
action.
in
anno^xed
table
to
these
who
or womided,
killed,
m^Wi
Yii*
2.
No.
(see
944
The rank
of
^^
of
or
tn^ Fu^
(J1
^i
2,000
from 12
to
^ ^ ^^
titles of
j^^
alone.
En'
|.J
inheritance),
No.
959), of the
(see
1,200
Cli'i'^
qualified,
Shengi
Chin^) of
and
Yii',
perpetual,
Chien*
The
1.
and
taels,
4.
^q
Q^r
^^
reward
taels.
^ ^ Feng^ Tseng*,
945,
Honour
Titles of
conferred for
by Imperial bounty on
(through the medium of ^^ f^
(^
(^
officials
Shou^) upon
wives, or granted as
themselves or
posthumous
The
are conferred
from the
all
turn,
Lu* Ta*
-'
^J]
their
Tseng*) upon
titles
CMi'ih*
inferior to these.
Titles of
in
(^
f -^ Kao* Ming*,
are designated
first to
upon
Feng')
distinctions
is
Fu'
lA, and
-^I^Xit
r|t
;/^
Ta*
I'
A^
4i 1^
i'^eng*
Feng* Uhih' Ta* Fu^; 5h, 6.
^
Fu'
$fl
ii^
2a, and
'^'''^"^''
3i.,
^ i; ^
<
4.
it I'^uang'
::^<.
VungM.u*
Fu';
Ta'
Ta* Fu'
In,
M ^ ^ it
^'
'^'^'^
^^'"'j
M SJ ic
A?^
]fi
heng* Ta* Fu'; 5a, and
Te
Lang; 6a,
t^ KJ Ch'eng'
^t
^^ M X it
3.
hung'
;A:
)|i^-
Tzu^ Cheng'
1.
495
946
and fH
# IB
Lin^ Lsmg^;
Ju''
Hsm^
9.
^^,
Wen^ Lin-
^^
Lang^; 7b, 8.
f$
Hsiu^
Chih^
Tso^
(if
Lang=^;
15 Teng^ Shih* Lang^; 9a, and
ft j^ IB
Cheng^
8b, and
7.
6b,
Sliih*
^i g:
gjS
ffc
^^
Hsiian^
1|>
I*
962).
Titles of
officials
are
"^^A
P'in^ Fu^
Erh*
P'in^
Fu'
.Jen^
Jen^,
Zl^a ^ K
^ A ShuMen^,
P
Jen',
Jen^
Kung^
\
^A
"^
^ A An^ Jen^,
Pa^
P'lnS
Ju^ J^n^, and
A ^^ ff A
ji A
P'in' Ju Jen^
:^ D^ 1i A
also
divided
ranks:
into nine
I^
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Ju'^
7.
.Ten2,
9.
6.
8.
<^'l"u^
Upon
officials
military
^ H^ t^ 5
i^
.4.
Hslian^
Tu^
Ie^ ITj
Yii*, 3a,
Chaoi
5a, and fl
mm Wu^
^f.
^ ,^
and i^
i.J
Tu^
5.
je^
Wu'
|j5
if
Yii*;
f^ |^
Te^ Tso^
Wu^
4a,
g.j
I*
^ f^
and
Wu'/ Tc"
il^ ia
Yii*;
ob,
|f, i^j
C^h'i^
'
Ch'I='
CMn';
^l^M
Wu^
4b,
Ch^n* Wei'
|e^
Wu r
BS
2.
6.
Yii*;
^^
^ | i^ Wu^ Liieh*
Yfi*; 9a,
946.
^ ^l ^
and
^^
[
49G
^^ Chia^ En^
]
Yii^
Shlh*)
posthumously, -by
^ ^^
Wen- Chung',
Wen2 TingS
Kmig',
I* i^'^'h
?!).
Ho^
^^'tn
iffl
Chung' LiehS
^^
,<*
Chung^ Ting% ,%
Wu^
^^^^i'
Wen^ Tuan\ ^C
Jg
gj;
^V*^"'
Chung'
etc.
LiiehS ^l ,
Chung',
To the foregoing epithets the character
Kung' is usually
added (not, however, in this case meaning Duke
compare No.
deceased functionaries
"be
offered
in
their
it is
frequently
memory
{see
(A,
IJiG
commanded
'^^*
in
Ssu^)
that sacrifices
^g
the
|nj
No. 572;.
M^
^1"
|g %[ TsLi* Su^ Tiao' KuaS Jacket with Sable Tails. These are
the two rewards for the greatest merit ; the first is often conferred
(^ ^
948.
The
})rivilege
appertaining to Princes
<.al.so
i'i'
^J
:!^-
1)^
1^
Shang'
No. 27a),
(5e<?
Huang' Chiang',
Jiridle Reins.
1,^*
is
bestowed
In-idle
{^
reins,
f^ Shang^
officials.
Ch'i'
^j T7.u' Chin* Ch'eng"- Nel*
Ch'ao'
Ma'),
and
f^ Z.
Ma
I'l i^i
32
i'^~
This
is
947
^q
q^q
950
Ijq
951
similar distinction
the
is
officials
Apricot-y<^llow Sedan-chair.
^ ;^ Ling2 Chih^
9''>0.
C^h'ueh*
namely, JL =S
E'ung^
Peacock Feather (^see No. 950a), and
kinds,
Blue Phime
of two
The
(Ch'iao') Ling^,
-pjl
950a.
JL
^ Wi
Peacock Feather
K'ung''
No. 950).
(see
This decoration
\H iS t^
1.
(Ch'iao*)
Peacock Feather
distinguished
Ch'ueh^
is
arranged in
^2iii^
Yen^ Hua^
conferred
first
The
Ling-2,
on
only
27a) or very
2.
0^ 7b
ShuangVYen' Hua^ Ling^ The DoublePeacock
Feather, and- 3.
i^ Tan^ Yen' Hua^
eyed
0^
Liiig', The Single-eyed Peacock Feather (commonly called
ments,
Hua^ Ling-)
service
^^
^^
950b.
colloquially
Feather).
the
ig",
This distinction
Guards
Imperial
is
{see
{see
or
No. 950?
The Crow
No.
99)
and
is
officials
of
file
as
conferred,
below the
sixth;
rank.
951.
Manchu word
jg
Pa^ T'u2
'
B'at'iu'u,"
Lu^
representation
of
the
it
ns.
Peaeock Feather
al^e^uly
have attained
this privilege.
952.
Jfy
Kung^
P'ai,
The
Soldier's ^Med-.il
embossed npon
and inspections.
it
Shang^
an oblong
"
Reward,"
DECORATIONS.
953.
^1
^M
Double Dragon.
of the
found
the
Sir
Wade
Thomas
recipient.
being
of all classes
who
designated
as
the
first
intended
became
neces.sary to
and the
latter in
Ti"*,
it
Tcng', Divisions,
Classes.
following schedule
First Division
\t Class
2nd Class
3rd Class
2nu Class
Reigning Sovereigns,
Heirs Apparent and members of Royal Families.
Ministers of State and Ambassadors.
Second Division
Ist Class
Ministers Plenipotentiary.
Minist<;rs
3rd Class
953
963
958a
1st Class
2nd
Class:
Commanders
Vice-Consuls,
in
the
Navy,
Lieutenant-Colonels, etc.
3rd Class
Fifth Division
file.
etc.
Artisans, Tradespeople,
Lately there has been noticed a tendency to confer Orders
of the Double Dragon of a degree higher than that prescribed
by the regulations
instance, it has
(for
become customary
to
of the
ShaoM^
now
first
T'ang'*
to the
is
conferred upon
War,
Army,
New
who
receive the
many
^|J
Dragon of the First Division, 2nd Class, for instance,
Tsai' Hsun\ f^
Tsai^ T'aoi,
gg Yu* Lang^ and g^ jf
Tsai^Fu').
95 3 A.
^^ ^
(Wi
1909,
charging
the
500
Committee
the
of
Ministers,
to
this
investigate
question.
On
the
20th March,
m^
Chi' Hsiiii'
Chang* Pan*
sanction
re})ly
received
ino-lv,
there have
Orders
The recommendations
Fa*).
the
Imperial
now been instituted
same
in
of
this
Accord-
day.
1.
Reigning
Sovereigns
(^
P'ei*
_h 1^
Ta* Pao'
Chang'), namely, ;^ f!
Shang*
Treasure (the Imperial Throne),
Great
the
of
Order
Chang\
with the ribbon of light yellow colour (^ |g Tai* vShou*).
Two Orders for members of Royal Families (^ JliUj "^
2.
Huging'
fg ill
Huang2
and
the
Yellow
of
the
Order
Dragon,
Lung- Hsiin' T'hang',
Red
Ch'ih* Lung'' Hsiin' Chang', Order of the
tj5 ill
Dragon.
.3.
Two
Hi
Ch'On'
Kung'
Ilsiin*
The Order
Degrees or
of the
Red Dragon
special merit,
upon
rank.
of the
if
the Fourth
officials of
the
001
is
con-
first
]
rank.
Class
First
the
of
upon
officials
special merit
Also,
it
may
be granted,
for
officials of
the
second rank.
The Second
Classi
of
the
is
be conferred upon
may
officials of
of the
is
given,
of
the Black
Dragon
is
bestowed upon officials of the third rank and, should the Throne
be memorialized with regard to their eminent merit, upon
substantive
officials of
The Fourth
Class of the
is-
The Fourth
conferred upon
be brought
officials
officials of
to the
Emperor's notice
in a special
Memorial, upon
mi
is
ti^eir m.erit
officials
of the' fifth
is
is
also, be given to
The Sixth
conferred upon
Class
officials
of
the
is
merit.
[
502
officials of
of
holding substantive
officials
posts
Dragon
is
of the
by a special Memorial,
The Seventh Class of the Order
notice
is
bestowed
upon
officials
of
the
of
the
seventh
Blue Dragon
rank,
for
merit
shown.
officials
is
special Memorials.
officials
of the
special merit.
mav be
Service,
whose
of
conferred
whose
efforts
upon
pei'sons,
not
the
in
Government
of education, or
initiative
the
most
recognition.
As
officials
^^
M';i
This office
is
t be
of Ministers; nt present
954
to
957
bestowed upon officers and men of the Army and Navy whose
courage and self-sacrifice in action prove instrumental in
t)e
attaining victory.
to present a detailed
report of
THE GOVERNMENT
954.
Shih*
f Ji
Government
5ERVi^c.
(also
ffc
priWlege
of
Shih^
ig
following
is
955
Nos.
(see
T'u^),
Ch'u^
:^
the
to
categories
The
Service.
"advancement,"
belonging
Ohin^
sanction.
open
to
962)
(Doctor)
Shen^,
to those
eight
955.
Pang^,
The
0) Chia'
Graduate
1^
Jen^
Chii^
I*
designation,
(literary
Pang^ and
^M^
^^ ^^
'^'^^"g'
Hsieu^
956a.
628), This
Graduates
vincial
#^
ih
ti-
^^'o^
is
Metropolitan
Graduates
(see
^^
957.
designation,
Licentiates of
Graduates
(see
No,
Ivung*
Senior
Sheng^,
ser^ ice.
Licentiate (literary
^^ ^^'M.^
^MMI^
I^in^
504
2.
MMm^
CHIIA.
or
20,
more,
tenure
years'
the
of
of
grade
Salaried
To
this
Lin^
^M^
Tseng'
mentary Licentiates),
^^
^^
'^j
^^
Li*
medium
j^
on
granted
the
Yin*
of
national
Kung*
Academy
Honorary Licentiate.
Sheng',
occasion
of an ,,
the
by purchase, namely:
i^
the ranks of Salaried Licentiates),
I.
This
(through
rejoicing
is
the
is
as ^, j^
En' Yin* Sheng', or li
Yin* Sheng^ (for details see >Jo. 944c).
distinguished
in
ie
'J'>8a.
W.-n'^
four
into
^^
2.
99),
sub-divided
is
.distinguish
'*'
airanged
P'in',
Nan*
Grades (four
in
all,
of
ai'e
^^
ChihS
Teng',
^^
1.
;?.
^Jn
Classes,
Wai*
Yung*,
and
Ch'i^ Yuan2.
To
start
an
official
which
^^
is
design-ited
^^ ^
T'ai'
categories:
L.
^^A^^^
[
f-"'
r,(.:,
958
iq
,
959
960
to
962
hy the Emperor
title
Ch'ii^ Chien^
at the Pi
Yung
granted this
En^
M^^^
Hall, 2.
^^
En^ Yin^
No. 628), 3. J^, ]^
Chien^ Sheng^ (compare No. 9o8); conferred on occasions of
examination
(compare
upon one
rejoicing
of the sons of
A.
^- ]M ^. ^.
Nan* Yin* Chien* Sheng^ (compare No. 958); bestowed upon
who
officials
5.
@^^
are
stylad Licentiates of the 1st Class (see No. 629a) and Military
Wu^ Shong^; compare No. 629d) chosen
Licentiates (^
by
^'
lot
^!!
^^
by purchase,
Tseng^
Education,
Li*
four
classes
of
(/hien*
Sheng^
in
of
all
A.
(from
ranks of
the
Lin'
Licentiates), B.
Salaried
Is
M^ ^
Min* Sheng^;
960.
Mao*
1f
i^
(Jhien* Sheiig'
^^
D.
Chun* Hsiu*, or
^^
^ J^
Ts'aiS
^^^
see
degree
Chien*
Supplementary
Fu*
and
Sheng^
Yiiaii^,
^^M
Po^
(literary
Shih*
designation,
those
Tzu'
Ti^
^^
YiJan^, and
who have
attained
1*^^.
Kuan'
of the
Pupil
Banner Schools those who have completed -the course of study
of one of the
Government Banner Schools (see Nos. 87
961.
Hsiieh^
ShengS
and 717).
962.
1^
Li*,
Government
Clerk
506
(from
the
ranks
of
962a.
life
four categories mentioned {see Nos. 959 to 962) are said to have
Pao^
Chii',
(Influence).
^ 1^
963.
^Mfi'SL
Hsiao^
somewhat
sec
No. 966).
rank,
Classes,
ai",
book
the
by
Each rank
P'in'.
i.e.
letter
(/heng\
placed
volume by the
letter H).
Wei*
As
there
Tfl
T'
is
sub-divided
two
into
Principal (designated
after
|g
this
in
numeral indicating
the
is
])Osts,
which
is
^A
styled
?|IE
Liu', Unclassed.
regards ext(!rior
distinctions,
for
cacli
'^''"^''
T/,u^;
see
No.
966), embroidered
jJJc
oi"
the
ranks
Tin;:' Tai*, or
|l;niui'.s
for
the
962 a
to
CkQK
906
official
^^
officials
Pu' Tzu^, or
rosary
(Ifj
Ch'ao^' Ghxx').
^ Wi
^^^-
The Buttons
follows
of
No.
ranks
various
the
{sec
'965).
ar'^
distinguished
as
^ g
Rank:
1st
of coral),
2nd Rank
3rd
MMM
Rank
;g
entitled
officials
life
daily
^ai^ Buttons
'^^^"g^
to
Ruby
Shih^
(in
wear one
button usually
this
^^^
Pao^
Himg=^
Lan'^
Blue
(the sapphire),
4th
Rank
W#S
Ch'ing^
T^^M
Shui^
(azure coloured),
5th
Rank
Ting^
Chingi
Crystal
(of
"
Tai^)
^^
^^
The Button
Ting'
Ch'e^
is
of the
often
irrespective of their
1st
{Mm
Rank
bestowed
upon
Chih^, Rank, or
first
MM
^ Jen',
KungS
Button (no
class
fj^
officials
'
being defined
P'in^
Post,
Hou-, and
T'ou-
meritorious
^ ^
944,},
titles
of
Ch'u^ P'in').
Button of the
fourth rank.
508.
sol
in recognition,
outright.
1*
-f Wen^ Kuan^ Pu^ Tzu', Plaques of
embroidery sewn on the breast and back of official dress of civil
967.
officials {see
No, 965).
Rank
2nd Rank
3rd Rank
4th Rank
5th Rank
6th Rank
7th Rank
8th Rank
9th Rank
1st
^^
Lu^
Ssu,
Egret
^ H
Jay.
Rank
Unclassed
H ?
follows
Rank 1^
Ch'i- Lin^, Unicorn
2nd Rank %^ ^ Shih' TzuS Lion
3rd Rank
P'ao*, Leopard
4th Rank
Hu'S Tiger
5th Rank ^| Hsiun^^, Black Bear
6th Rank
P'i", Spotted Bear
Piao', Tiger-cat, or
7th Rank
Piau'. Tiger-cat
8th Rank ^ Ij Il.ii' Ma^ Seal
9th Rank
^Y 11'' -^''"^ Rhinoceros.
The foroffoinj; distinctions do not concern the so-called
New-Troops," foi- whom there are speciil uniforms modelle-1
1st
^
^
^
^
*'
on those found
in
foreign armies.
[
-m
to
968
967
969
For
^Q
differentiation
particulars
^^^'
970
Pi'inces
as
to
eventual
the
of
abolition
all
between
civil
^^
Pu^ Tzu^
{see
No. 965),
Po^
{see
No.
^ Kung", ^
plaques, ^ ^
titles of
wear two
944),
Hou', and'
Pu' Tzu',
Imperial Clansmen
those of military officials
?<?
No. 968).
some
cases, not
As
Yin^ Chien^).
received by
the
which they
be charged with various missions, under the designation of
may
^ J^
Wei^
From
emerge
(^
Ch'iieh^),
however,
Yiian^, Deputies.
the
year of
probation
obligatory to all
(,|^
J^
Shih*
Yung'*)
510
being,
971.
Expectants
}^ Hou^
for instance, j^
{sec
Hsiian'^ (or
^^
Hou*
Pu^), L'andidate,
Vii*
etc.
972.
1.
1^
Empire
FCng^
^ /^
into
in
Rice;
P'in',
^m
officials.
Although
"Money
973.
officials of the
Salary received by
Court and in the provinces), 2.
If^
Yin'^,
at
(officials
officials
all
for so-called
consideration
condemned
to
forfeiture
originally of the
The
Chiang* Chi*) is
Thus, an official being
Shih' Chi^
should
5a rank, becomes
he
be
ment
for
may
frQ
|g Chia> Chi', or
^j*
f|
Hsu^
/jO
Chi',
^^
^'^''^i
Empty
Records,
are
of
*^''-^-
Rank
but
P^ 15 u?
fir
Detention
Rehabilitation
take-
in
Chiang*
Office
Liu* Jen'.
Lowering of
aft'^r
place
Chi*
three
years'
iric].roaehablc
.I('n*,
Deprivation of
conduct.
970.
||g^'"?
f5
Ko"^
in Offic-.
Chih'
i^iu'
(^
971
tO
975
077
to
980
'OF CHINA.
behavjor.
^^^*
obtain
may
Lu*)
offerings,
j]W
by zealous
('hia^
Yen^
Yiiii*
Hsien'^,
may
or by certain monetary
Nominal Rank. Thus a ^0
service,
^M
fl^
J^
f|j
by useful public
Hsii^
actions,
entitling
{J^ W:
^^
may
them
be granted
to
wear the
Shen^).
979.
Conforming
who
ing, officials
lost
origin.
for a period of 27
Manchu
mourn-
(Officials,
all officials,
Han* Fu^
Manchu
or Chinese!
Q^
'^ g^
f^lj
Man^
Acting.
980.
With few
of relationship
may
exceptions, persons
(^
[
^
512
981,
It is the
duty of the
H^
.recommended
(^
^B
;jlj
The
982.
for
over
surveillance
the
actions
the
of
higher
(^
Should
sufficient
it
that
]n'oven
it
foundation,
m^m
Tsai*
be
Ts'an^ HCr).
$;)]
officials to investigate
deputes high
iM
Tsou^ Ts'an\ or
the case
the
without
left
is
(g
indictment
Ch'a' Pan*),
was
further
^ Jt ^ li
Avithout
discussion
Wu^ Yungi
the Emperor
(^
if
Ch'iian^ Chili'
Shen^ Ch'ih^)
or,
by
in
))0st for
service (JJ
(^
i^
iH J^
<^'hiaoi
Fm*
I*
Ch'u\
01
in
No's.
975 and
summary
(fip ^7
Since the accession of the Throne by the T'ai Ch'ing
Dynasty the Manchu officials have gradually developed a custom of
9H.3.
Decree
hereafter
nil
of
the
official, rivil
lOth
March,
and military,
[
33
title
i^is
1910,
in
^;^ Nu'Ts'ai-,
^ of Ch'en*, Ministers.
couunands that
981
^q
qqq
984
Manchu
provinces,
984.
own
their
employ
in
Emperor
These are
special seals.
whom approPao^
Hsi'), Seals used by
priated, namely
(formerly
the Emperor, Empress, Heir Apparent, Imperial Concubines of
the first and second ranks and Princes of the fii'st degree,
variously designated, dependent on the functionary to
2.
^fj
1.
Establishments
at
the
Capital
other
High Government
officials,
3-
of provincial garrisons,
provincial
officials (of
-5.
t^ |E T'iao-
Chi*,
Seals of petty
6.
Seals of petty provincial officials (of the ninth and unclassed ranks).
The duty of casting seals rests, as has been seen above (No. 386),
with the Office of Seal^-casting, attached to the Ministry of Rites.
Higher
in sealing
documents
is
Governors-General),
2.
"fe
Hung^
Se*,
Eed
^^
performed the
are
opened
following (3
on the
(used
officinale),
27
by the
and
3.
days for an
for an Empress).
19th-21st
the
of
12th
Moon,
there
is
f[j
K'ai^ Yin*).
all
^^ ^
despatches
Pai^ or
of three colours
(M
are
^^^
written
514
on blanks
Yii* l^'ung*
K'ung*
SUPPLEMENT
SUPPLEMENT.
No.
1.
;g Yuan-
No.
2.
The Emperor
^g
Hon^ and
The Empress
^^
also designated
is
Wang-,
Chili* Tsun'.
also designated
is
T'ieii'
"-i^
^ Ti^
P'i^,
and
^ :k
Kungi Nu\
No.
12.
styled "^
Tnng*
Ch'ul
No. 00.
Eiuiuchs
are
also styled
^^
^ ^ Ta'
Ch'ang*
Ch'iui.
No. 56.
aie
Court
Clan
Couii
is
also styled
fj^
Tsnng' Po^
Assistant Controllers
Si]
the
Imperial
Shao*
'i'sni'g' Clu-ng"'
Another designation
No. 62.
^J>
of
of
tla-
Vice-Diii'ctor of the
^^
is
Tsung' Ch'eng'.
is al.so designated 'J^ ffj
Household
The
No. 75.
ImperiiJ
T-i.i^ Fu' Ssu* and ^^ Jfl ^l Tien' Chung' Chien'.
No. 88. Another designation of the Director of the Palace
Stud U
^[|
No. 89.
styled
^^^
Xo. 90.
Hunting Parks
Wu^
J^
Armoury
is
alsa
K'u* Ling'.
Another designation
is
Imperial
Shaiig*
;t^ 5?^
[
->^-
tlu-
Lin^'
Imperial (iardcns.md
Viian'.
The Ducctor
is
'
^ ^ |i ^
called
also
m^
At
No. 97.
head
the
1^ fl San^
afe
No.
the
of
the three
Bondservants, rnalung up
H li ^
Ch'i'^
Pao^
gl$
is
99.
Household
Imperial
are
called
also
/J^
A Mo
Prince
Lin
reorganizing the
Guards, an
appointed Princes A
Edict
Imperial
Kuan'
Guards.
is
invested in the
November.
the Imperial
29th
the
Controllers-General,
Li^,
of
tions
Mo
of
The work
of the
as
1910,
^ 3^
the regula-
Vigilance Office
{see
No.
102).
For the
No. 105 A.
The Chancery
for the
fimctions transferred
Chancery
;^
^ j^ Ch'eng^
M^WilmM
of Constitutional
Hsiian^ T'ing\
Hsien-*
Reforms
(see
at
the
with
made up of a |^
Tsung' Pan*,
Hsieh^ Li' Ssu^ Yiian^, Assistants (als9
f^ Ku* Wen*, Advisers to the Committee for Drawing up
This
Chief, 12
and
of the Cabinet.
No. 108.
Office
to the
Publication of Imperial
office
has a staff
t^ Ji i^
^^^
see
No. 76\
[
518
^^ if
In
162).
Palace Stud (sec No. 88), the Imperial Armour}- (see No. H9),
the Bureau of Imperial Gardens and Hunting Parks {sec No.
the
90),
Buddhist
No.
The
109.
No. 127.
^^
Kuo-
decreed
tlie
i^
Ilui^).
and
^^^
!*
Yiian*,
Edict
this
of
designation
An
opening of
I()4i0
the Sununer
No. 104e).
literary
is
Equipage Department
.
(see
No.
{sec
('ha])el
the
f^ Tien^ Chang^ I-
Imperial
Wei^
Parliament (commonly
of
the
In consequence
1917.
in
assembly
styled
Scheme
of State
Laws and
the
Programme
the election of
its
^li^WH
^
Pit
^^S
P^
1*''
'^''"^
^ ft
Kc
Sii/ii-'
Chi' Viian',
Fan'
-^'i!'
to
it,
-fi^^
May,
^\
ha?, l)y
thle
Academy
(see
130
Nos.
to
The
140.
Grand
Grand
has been
Secretariat
the National
to
the
two Assistant
Academy
(see
their seniority.
No.
Grand
131.
Secretaries are
XH
%^
also
designated
"g"
No. 132.
^^
:/c
Nei*
HanS pq
^ ^ Ta* Chang^
^^ W
Nei* Shih^
HanS and
^ ^ Ta*
Nei* Shih'.
Nos.
also styled
abolished
^^
^ f^ ^
Hsi^
I*,
and
by an Imperial Edict
fjjl]
Tzu^ Wei^
Office
Ko^
was
It was-
of the
of Imperial Rewards.
No. 138. The Office for copying the Emperor's endorsements of documents was abolished by an Imperial Decree of the
23rd June, 1911, and its functions transferred to the :^
m.^
of the. Cabinet.
lisiian^ T'ing',
Ch'eng^
Chancery
Nos. 141 to 149. An Imperial Decree of the 8th May,
1911, abohshed the Committee of Ministers.
Nos.
128 to 149.
The
Cabinet.
pq
Nei*
Ko^
the
Cabinet
(also
^^
and the
520
p^^
|^|
^ ^ fj
^^
Ko*
Nel*
Pan^
Shili^
framed
by the Committee
C'han^
for
Drawing up
Regulations
for
Constitutional Government.
The Cabinet
Ch'en',
Members
is
made up
of the Cabinet,
assistants in the
^^
1,'S
the Cal)inet,
of
gl
who
:f;
In addition to the
government
^^ei* Ko- Tsung Li^ IV Ch'On^ President of
:^
and one or two f^ II ti& ^M ;^
Nei* Ko' Hsieh'
of the Empire.
Li' Ta*
B^
^ ]^ :^ ^ Min^ Cheng* Ta" Ch'en^ Minister of
the
Ch'cn^, Minister
M ^ ^. Tu*
Finance,
^ f :^ Hsiieh^ Wu* Ta Ch'enS Minister of
Education,
Ch'en% Minister of
f^ ^ i; S
Hai'
Chiin'
IV Ch'en^ Minister of the
War,
ri ^ >v g
FaSsu'
Ta*
^
;^
E
Ch'cn', Minister of Justice,
Navy,
;^
M I f^ E Nung- Kung' Shang' Ta* (;h'en^ Minister
of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce,
E^
j^
Affairs, 2.
Interior, 3.
Chili' Ta^*
^<.
of.
4.
I-"*
5.
^-^l'*'"'
'^^*
6.
7.
8-
;^C
9.
Ch'uan-
and
10.
Ta"*
Mitiister of Posts
Ch'en^,
i^^ J^^
Ta^
V-Mi'
and
IJ
'''
^'i;
Conmiunications
Ch'en-,
Minister
of
Dependencies.
The
meuibei's
and,
in
all
other
ment
he
the
Emperor
may
Among
aciiiMis
of
the
high
provincial
[
reporting
-'-'l
authoiities
and
olHcials
He may,
governing dependencies.
competence
or
granted him.
All Memorials
bearing on
Cabinet
entire
matters
Emperor
those referring to
the
of
name
a
of
affairs
State
general
the
in
of
the
particular
Other
the
officials,
Emperor
express
in
may submit
their opinions
to
the
Emperor but
reports to
bound by law to
these must pass
by the
Presi-
The
following
1.
is
Codes ui laws,
official
systems.
Edicts
and Imperial
commands.
2.
3.
Extraordinary expenditm-e.
4.
5.
The promotion
posts to
6.
or
.degradation
officials
holding
and
of
Assembly.
L
522
PIIESEXT
8.
administrative
Important
the
of
affairs
various
Ministries.
Affairs
9.
wliich
must
by law
be
transmitted
the
to
Cabinet.
10.
tlie
<
'abinet
or the
by the Cabinet.
Cabinet are
the
brought before
Affairs
decided
by the
O])inion of a majority.
Questions
relating
Imperial ]^dict
or
their discussion
the
to
commands
Army
the Minister of
Emperor by
The latter
the Navy, direct.
of
will,
War
or
however, report
When
bv
Wu^
be appointed
may
^ jj
Members
[^ |^
of the
Cabinet.
Cabinet.
at the
i^
^^
Shih^ T'angS
Clieng"
Cabinet Hall.
An
the
the
1^
Chih*,
fj.n
tk
U P^ IT
Kcgulatioiis
ililj
Nei*
regarding
the
Board
Legislative
<f
the
who,
'resident
of the
Chii'^
the Bureau of
r.2.s
infra),
Manager
1.
^Ij jB8
of
i^
M^M
Fu*
Chang^ Deput- Chief of the Chancery, 5.
of
the
Directors
various
Bureaux
and
Chang', Deputy
Sub-Manager of the Bureavi of Printing and Casting, 6.
Fu*
T'ingi
Chii^
^^
7.
MMW
$U
$\^
f^tl^^M
Bureau
Of
of Printing
9,
^^ Lu*
and
7 are appointed
T'ing\
the
found:
to 5
iShih*,
Writers,
are appointed
by the Emperor
onr
:J^M,^
1.
all
Ch'eng^
matters in
commands and
posthumoxis
for
titles
Rescripts in connection
of Official
in connection
Bureau
titles,
i5t 'g*
Appoiitments, which
Hsii*
in
is
Chii^,
the
charge of everything
Peking and in
officials, recommends
officials
Kuan^
iri
all
statistical reports,
Powers,
and
5.
^^
BU
and
Printing
Casting, which
etc.,
is
524
in
]
official gazettes,
ment
all
types of govern-
Under
the
and
3il|
attends
I^ Fa^
the
to
Government
Yuan%
^^^'^^^*
Legislative
following:
2.
instructions,
The drafting
The examination
1.
of
draft laws
now
in force.
The
Board
^^
^ ^ Ts'an'
4.
Emperoi-,
is
and
Secretaries,
Shih"*,
5.
;^
affairs
Throne,
Drawing
were
within
the
uj)
The ^j ^. p^
iivN
CJouncil, (also
^^
J^^
Decree
Imperial
sanctioning
the
the
of
?j!^
t'S
Kegulations i-egardiu;;
^
llic
Htli
'y*
May,
I'''
{jjlj
1911,
'J^'
the
same Decree
Kuan'
Yiian*
(l)ih',
the Committee
for
Goverament,
in
The Privy
Chang3,
Drawing
('oiuxil
President,
1',.
uj)
non.sists
One
r
^i\\
wr,
of:
!^
J
A^.
One
P'l'
|vt
Vuun'
^'ilan^
Chang',
Members
special
the
of
as
Kir^
Only eminent
Privy Council.
qualifications
members
^ f^ ^^ g
.32
regards
political
with
officials,
affairs,
are
made
Clan Court
Attached
to the
^ f^
'g'
Ts'an'-
Kuan', Councillors.
I^
are referred
which
Questions
to
according
(^ ^ ^^ A
Imperial Family
Huang^
be considtir^d by the Privy C'oimcil.
The
2.
laws
(^
thereon
J'^
the
Shih'*
Statutes
of
the
to
3.
Until the promulgation of essential constitutional laws,
matters enumerated in the "General Principles of Constitu-
all
tional
Ch'iian-),
paragraphs
8, 11
and
12.
4.
5.
The
At
the Privy
Council there
is
|){^
^^
up
and managing
The
^ ;^
Ijg!
attached a number of ;^
^^
in the
hands of
whom
there are
affairs generally.
is
By
.520
Pien^
Vhi-ng'
Committee
Kuan'
Ch'a-
Ta*
Presidents
Ch'C'n^,
of
the
for
Decree of the
Imperial
transferred to the fi
Fa' (Miih'
[J^;
(|jlj
23rd June,
1911, and
Yuau\
its
functions
Leoislative Board
of the Cabinet.
No. 155.
Wu^
Ch'u* Pang'
Tslmg2Pan^
and
(iovernors-Generars
Reforms
OtKces,
Ch'u', which
Govei-nors'
,^ i^
have been
f;fg
Hsien-*
commanded
Drawing up Regulations
Yamen,
to
Constitutional
Cheng*
Ch'ou*-*
Pei*
for
(rovernment, con-
Xo.
1G5a.
sanctioned
)n
by
Emjieror on the
the
No.
IGTi;.
Stenography
Asseniblv
February,
3^
(srr
(srf
i-\
ire
-it
No.
^ ^'
Su- Chi'
(\2\\):
IIsiieh='
organized
T'ang-, School of
at
19
the
(hitcd
National
tlu-
4th
with the
arlicles)
1910, enclosing i-egulations
for
Ghi'
Sn'
Shi''ng',
Stenographers,
y^ ^g
object of training
<(
^[
\ ^^<-nibli<'s rvr/-
No.
168)
at
establishments
popular
in
There are
general.
accepted for this school those who have, at least, completed the
com'se of a Middle School (see No. 580), or a school of similar
The
rating.
enrollment
is
100
12
chosen
scholars
by the
The
^ ;^
A
A
1.
2.
No.
635b),
(compare No.
)&f^ ^ Shu* Wu* Yiian^ Steward {see No. 641),
Cluao* Yiian^, Teachers (not exceeding 5 see No.
;
the
Assembly
No. 167b).
On
a
Director (compare
Chang^,
T'ang'^
^^
4.
637).
3.
636),
and
^X
number
Assembly,
the provinces.
The
Army
(General
Staft'
Office;
see
No.
all
to,
temporarily, bv the
^ fg ^ Chiin^ Tzu^
War
528
!? f^
^W ^
This
which
an
is
JStaft'
of the
independent
Army, or
establishment,
assists the
^^^ ^ ^ ^
184b.
'^l^
an Imperial
By
dated
Edict,
Army
8th
the
was reorganized
May,
the
1911,
into the
!^ i^
/j^^
been placed
The
{see
^^^|^::^^.^Lu*
1.
Military
(previous to
Academy
College at Paotingf u
Draftsmen
abroad
[see
Academy
:\Iilitary Preparatory
1911 styled the Military Staff OfHcers
sec No. 712a), 2.
Schools for Military
(see
,i
^g
Chiiii'
To them
No. 185.
At present naval
of the
Ministry of the
particularly
Imj)erial
Navy
ijie
Staff
text.
affairs are
{see
of
Chiini
Compare
development
Navv.
of the Genera'
staff
Comrnissioti
for
iIk-
19 10,
atid
which
Rooigiiiiization
is
of the
No. 185a.
BIM'M^^BMMf^'U
attached
Shih*
No.
Navy,
Commis-
were
Wu*
designating j^
Grand
^en'
Fn\
ffi
^ H Wu^ Kuang'-chien*, |^ ^
gfj
186.
JI
Secretariat,
Yen^
Ch'ang^
there
have
been
No. 191.
are
^H
Lin2 T'ai^
Mu*
T'ien',
^2
j^ Luan^ P'oS
^ ^
Yiin' T'ai^
^^
Academy
Lan^ T'ai^,
and
Yii* T'ang'^
|)g;
Pi* Ko2
No. 192.
National
P'an*
Fu^
Tz'u^^
HS#
and
;|^
^ g Wu^ T'ai^ ^ ^
Chang' Hsien*,
of
-^^ |j^
Np. 210b.
are
^^
No. 207a.
;jf;^
^
j^^ Ta* T'ai* Shih^,
No. 206.
T'ai',
(so-called
Nei* Han*,
Shih^ pg
Yuan*,
Po2
Academy
^g
.530
No. 213.
gg
H>ien^
Us?
Xo.
^5
T^ai-,
Establishments
new
The
215a.
recrulatlons
Judicial
reo:ai-dino:
33 to 45
articles
oth,
(section
No.
tire
7.38)
define the
of
.lustice
as
only
administration.
regards
foi-
Accordingly,
it!^
Also,
th(;
approval.
the Russian
to
^hanged
At
The
to the
JflJ
^^
JflJ
^^
Nos.
219 and
to the
changed
been
^''"'
Si '^ ^^
The
219a.
this
to
Di'])artnicnt.
^:|
ji^
Min-
l^''^'-
=^1'''''
TMng'
addition
in
position
Sc<;tions there
are
J^
T"ing"
J,^
No. 221.
^^iJlOf
Coiu'ses in .Iurisj)rudence
tlif
Supreme
Sh6n'
ffi
No. 222.
No.
'li"a'^
(.srr
the
.lii-tice. ilated
("liieii"
((om])ai"e
So'",
officials
kF
C)imina!
Yen= Chin'
P'an
'J\\(]
I'<r
l''rn'
:i
\\lio
are
well-V'-rsed
Memorial
fioin
the
in
m-
the
the
dirccLion
Provisiounl
Supreme
('ourt
of
February, 19 10).
|t:irticulars
a-
T"ing', Ibaii'li
the
i.
7()."iA.
531
^Ig
fifjj
^^
ffj
^jj-
(n'ney-( ieiierab"
Tsinig'
)llices, .s^v
are
Astronomy
Chien^ ft]
Jc
^^
^^
M ^ Hun* P
^ g Ssu' T'ien^
T'ai^.
No. 225.
Imperial Board
'g*
Jih*
Literary designations
of
Astronomy
KuanS and :^
Nos.
are
^ ^ Ta*
;J5C
Director
the
of
^ '^
of the
t^su^ T'ieni.
^IB:
"l-^'ai*
Vice-
^ $. ^ "^
Shih^ Ch'engl
Ko. 233.
t^
of the Commissioner,
235.
officials,
effected, the
being raised
,
(see
ranks
Nos.
to 240).
The
Coi missioner
of
post
The posts
the
of
^tC
of Senior
"^
Imperial
T'ai*
and Junior
I'
^^ice-
^^^^
literary
designation,
^g
raised from
"a
to 6a.
The
IE T'ai'
posts of
I^
Cheng*)
and of the ninth rank (13 in
respectively to 7a and 8a.
designation,
hi
;;l^
all),
No. 240.
-H )^
The
Shang*
Secretaries
(literary
of
532
At
f^^l^^fc Shana*
^^
1'
Yao*
^^
I^
Chii^ 1^ Tso^)
]\Iedical
!Shong\
Assistants,
Physicians are arranged according to nine
K'd\ Specialities
1:^ :^
$f Ta* Fangi Mo* K'o\ Diseases of Adults,
^h^jWi^'^^
2-
Hsiao^
Fang'
ivo',
A^
^ ^
^ % Pi
5-
Yen^
IE
Ophthalmic Diseases, 8.
P
PS IIt f4 iv uu
Yen' IIou' K'o\ Dental and Throat Diseases, and 9.
K'o',
Ch'ih^
# f^
No. 242.
of
The second
Customs Control
Shui*
Wu'
(literally
also
is
designated
Ch'u* Hui* Pan* Ta* Ch'en^
Xo. 273.
The organization
of a
WL^ ^"^ ^^
"X,^
in
the period
in
"setting .bones.")
series of Imperial
Chines(j
The
Offices.
commands
received Imperial
to
of
Hart (jH
Inspe^'tor
Ho*
Mr.
Til. I'iry
the
title
of
as
Te'^),
(ieneral
^,
^'
igf
Secretary, to supcr\
^ $U i^ ^
The
Posts.
of
Po*
la
ise
Li^),
^)fi
in
turn, appointed
Conunissioner of Custom.s, with
latter,
tlie
Po.st Offices
and
control
<if
of
tlie
System
to the
:>?.'i
first
by the
raised,
Constitvitional
up
Regulations
for
^
m
Mu-*)..
constitution,
should
Customs only
was no
so long as thei'e
administration, and
with
now, there
its
utility
Communications
supervision cf
sanction, and,
in existence,
tliis
in
the
being a
became acquainted!
Ministry of Posts and
it
This report
^Nfinistry."
received
of measm-es to be carried
list
Imperial
out by the
System
recommended.
The
]Ministry
of
Posts
Communications
and
definitely
repl}'
to a
the
Ministry
^ ^ '^
concerned,
Establishments
appeared
in
the
Peking
Gazette
of
the
17th
October, 1910.
No. 278.
are
Ffl
Ch'ang^
Po^
5:54
Xo.
Wan^
Li^
Tung*
Ch'iian^
well
as
Tao'),
as
small
adjacent
islands.
H^H
M^^
(*^
1^
fl^ ffl
Madura Island
Karimon Java (^
Vi^
West
"with a
of
will
^Jfa^
islands.
District
Pang' Chia',
/jfj
will include
a Consul, one
Bureau
'g*
Hsii*
Kuan'
Chii',
of Official Appointments.
M^W-^^
Office
of
Reforms
Constitutional
Ch'u*,
{see Supplement
No. 160^ established at the Ministry of Civil Appointments (on
a Memorial from this ]Ministry, dated the 12th March, 1910), to
replace the
J^ i^- 5;g g/f Hsien* Cheng* Yen' Chiu^ Sol At
;
had
Assistants,
subordinated
^^
him
to
Pang'
Pan*,
[
530
|f,
fj[f
|^|?
ilui*
Senior
Pan*,
Junior Assistants,
]
Chief,
Tsung^ Pan",
etc.
It
is
^
^
H 4 ^ Tiao*
^ Pien' CWih*
'^ f4 ^^^^*
composed of four ^4 K'o' Sections, namely, 1.
Chi^ K'oS
K'ao'
Kuan^ K'o', Section of Personnel, 2.
p^
i
Section for Investigation of Merits,
K'o', Intelligence Section, and
4.
3.
$g
|]
Ch'a*
K'o',
Revising Section.
^^
of
Ministry
Civil
this
service at
Appointments
Ministry)
directed
preparing
(for
by
^^
at the
officials
for
Tsung' Pan^
Chief.
No. 344.
^ If
I^
Preparing a Descriptive
T'u-
Work
Chih*
of the
Commission for
Kuan^,
Empire
established at the
This Commission
the Interior and
New
will
is
composed of
compile
officials of the
its
|fe |/f
j^
Ministry of
T'ung* Hsin^
Chih*,
Statistiral
M^Wi^M
Constitutional
No. 368a.
Paper MiU
it
Tsao"
|{^ ifg
Chih3
Government
Ch'ang*,
and
l)as
It
is
Government
book.s,
and papers
and
toruis
for
the
numerous
Government Establishments.
At
the
lioiul ff
the Paper
Mdl
there
lie is assisted hy
Superintendent,
Senior Assistant Supei'intendent, and
Junior Assistant Siiperintcndrnt.
:
'''
1.
2.
is
A
A
Jff^
Tsmig^ Vnu\
f//
|f|^
Pang' Pan*,
fjj
Tso*
Pan*,
and Supplies
transport),
of
^M
1.
(in
2.
jS
IdC
Yiin'^
^-^
K'oS Chancery,
Finance, and
5.
Each
Affairs.
j^
!{$:
^,
Sections
Emperor
is
the
of
25th
the
iSC
^ ^^
K'o^ Section of
Chih^
by a f?} ;^ K'o^
directed
is
Wen'' An^
As recommended
on
Shou^
jfJf
of these
Controller-General
3.
Salt
Gabelle
by the
(sanctioned
been
have
there
1910),
February,
So').
in
(^
Tiao*, Proctor, 2.
Two
and
Nine
4.
The
made up
Wu*
the
i^i'*
Secretaries.
Salt Gabelle
tlie
is
Ten'^
1.
i^ 1.1
Affiiirs
of
Salt
Chief
Section
supervising
Tsung' T'ing\
framing of rules and regulations regarding the salt
of eight ^. T'ing', Sections
personnel
(and
T'i'^
^ "^
^ ^ '^ Ts'an' Shih* Kuan',
administration,
Wu*
One {^ |3
1.
^ Jlf^
One ^\
3.
Proctors,
Salt Gabelle:
the
Controller-General
of
the
the
most
office,
important
2.
^]KWf^B
WBM
Lu*
"M
Ch'akhars, Jehol and Sui-yiian-ch'eng), 3.
Affairs
for
of
Salt
Shantung
Tung' Yen'" Wu* T'ing', Section
Kansu, Honan, Anhui and Kiangsu),
Yen^ Wu* T'ing', Section for
Huai^
Liang'
of Kiangsu and Kiangsi (and of Hupeh, Hunan, ths
of Shensi,
M^MWB ^
Salt Affivirs
:>-58
6.
]
W ^ M'
of
Liang*
Chekiang (and
^^u'
f#
^ # H
Kuaugtung
JWmM B ^
7-
Fukien and
Wu^
his
To them
assistants.
is
are
there
directed
by
attached
a Proctor
Senior
indefinite lumiber of
second and
Secretary
He
Sections.
number
^^
^
third ranks.
Wei^
Yiian^,
first,
Teng^),
at the
is
has one
of Deputies
ox'ders.
At
^
M^^
So^ Sub-Section
Tien'
^^
Section,
Salt
Ciphering
of
Shan* Hsieh^ Fang', Copying SubZ^ 'g' Shu^ Chi* Kuan', Clerks, and
manned by
Shu' Chi* Sheng\ Writers.
There
the
the
^^
^
Telegrams, and a ^^
^ 12 ^
for
is
Gabelle
^^^
Kuan^, Advisers.
of the Proctor, as
H |J
Hui*
I*
hang^
SoS
^^
^ "^
Tzu'
I*
Council, composed
President,
and
Assistant
^^fi
at this office.
No.
373.
established
in
'rllOpj
Hcconlancc
I'i'
Chih*
Chh',
with a .Meiuoii:il
Cunen.-y Office;
from the Ministry
System,
3ilJ
H ]^ M
The main
Chu^
abolished by
to
is
keep
a control over the, mints and banks, with regard to issue of the
office
Hsiian-huai
Sheng
Minister of Finance
Tlie
and exerts
Currency Department
of the 13th day of
his authority
(see
No. 356 j.
the
7th
as
to supervise
An
moon
'^
^If
the
Edict
Imperial"
appointed
Pang^
at the
is
therein through
!^
assist
the
One f^ ||
T'i^
Pan*,
to
Minister.
At
the Currency
Office
there are:
1.
^ ^ f] Pang"
Proctors.
the
four
2.
Two
The Proctor and
a^ Ku3, Sections
-A.
fi
|[^
Tiao* Ch'a'
Ku',
Intelligence
charged with the study of the currency
question in China and Europe and the completion of all business
Section
left unfinished
by the Commission
^^^
System, B.
for the
Ch'ou^ Pan*
Ku^
the
new
provides
currency,
funds for minting purposes, fixes the currency reserve, checks
the quantity of coins minted, arranges for the exchange of old
for
the
Ku^, Section of
new
institutions,
^^
compiles
and
questions, on
works
translates
its
own
ajipertaining
initiative or at
foregoing Sections.
[
540
to
currency
three
At
^ M,
and B.
^^ ei^ Yiian'-,
For superintending
Shu^ Wii*
|@ ^^ Tsimg^
Pang' Pan*,
|fi|
l*aii*,
A:<:>istants,
Deputies.
a ^^ fyj
economy there
Economical Affairs, at the Currency
atlairs of
Section of
(.'h'u^
f^
is
it;
Office.
No. 376.
are
j^
of
its
President,
^1^^
Tz'u^ Pu', f^
^ 'g
Nos. 376-394.
(;hMmi Kuan',
Wl
jjil
I^pP
CliMui'
C"h'ing\
Ta*
Tien^' ^.i^
Li^
Yiian*,
'^'ien^
Court
of
At
Decree.
'g
3jiJ
the same
of Rites, dra\vn
was
up by
^^^
for the
in
24
Court
articles,,
also signified.
To
of the Cabinet of
transferred
all
functions
{see
under
casting of seals {sec No. 386) has l)ccn placed
to
attached
and
of
the control of the Bureau
Casting
Printing
The
The
and ceremonies
performed by
and exercises of divination performed
the duty of the Ministry of the
In
in
Interior.
these
tein])les
is
now
Ceremonies enacted
to
rites
at the
It
i^ Tsung^ Wu*
four
2.
Ceremonies,
^^W
3.
.and 4.
The
|gj
^^
ii^ P
C.
Eight
D.
^
i^
and
of
Office
Shu*,
Sacrificial
Banqueting
Worship,
Office.
One
^ p^
Shih*, ChanceUor, B.
One
.U
of a
composed
staff of the
'K^
^W
|^
T'ing\ Chancery
Li' Chih^
fif [^i]
1.
i.e.
Offices,
is
of General Affairs,
A.
-j^
Eight
One
"Court, E.
Members of the
Members
Court,
of the
^^
F.
^^
Four
performing duty
Pu*
I-
^^
in the
Offices,
v^ jE
the Chancery,
Cheng*, Overseers, performing duty
W- Tien' Pu*, Assistant Overseers, performing duty at
the Chancery, J.
Chancery, K.
J$!
Bl>
"^
^H
to
H.
at
the
of
Worship, M.
Office
of
.attached to the
W.W.'^
Office of
Office
P^^
of
Ceremonies, O.
j$ f^ K'u* Shih^,
Of
the
Tu^
officials
mentioned above,
542
and
are
||^
selected
T'e* Chien'),
to
by the Emperor
are appointed
(^
Chieii^ Jen*),
to ^1
are
(^
(^
Chancellor
Wei^
Jen*).
Mi^^Hm ^
Office
Pei* Ch'u*,
Constitutional
Reforms
(see
Snpplement
M^^ ^^
to replace
that Ministry.
The
No. 412a.
and
^^
Tutor is ;^
1^ Ta* Chang' Chiao*; of the Preceptor,
Ta* Tien' Chiao*, and ;/c fJj ^^^ Ta* Ch'uan^ Ching'; of the
Suan* Hsiieh^ Po" Sliih* (also
Doctor,
i^ If
^^
ilj^
tii
^^^
T'ing^).
No. 420.
The text
^MW-%
Military
Land
of
of
is
Schools,
The
arsenals, etc.
in
Forces.
This Ministry
of
is
tlie
regarding
Ministry of
|^3^;^S
VA
IS
Emperor on
^^'>' ^'l'">''
is
and a
p^;
a
^ip:
I^"' ^-'hiin'
Aofr.
(see
At
the
No. 420a.
War, sanctioned by
281 \o 282)
284 ]j
institiitril in
M3
mMMW-'^^B
No. 420b.
Pn*
WuS
Shih*
of
Controller
I^"a^^'
the
I^i'
I-i^*
Chiin^
War
of
^linistry
(see
No. 276).
To
No. 421.
War
Minister of
tlie
and
KuanS
Inspector
of
2.
Secretaries,
/^
and
Afiairs,
Military
^^
1.
Chien^
'g'
Ch'a^
M^^
3.
attends
^ gf^
422.
to
This
Sections, namely,
Confidential Affairs,
2.
Army
3.
Regulations,
1.
&^f
B, B P[
?[
4.
is
^ f4
|!S>
Ssu',
controls
affairs,
K'oS
Cheng*
Ch'eng^
most important
the
to
supply
Chancery;
the
composed of
^^^ Shu^
Kuan\
Tiao^ Ch'a*
No.
Ts'an^
'j|'
finances,
foin-
K'o^ Section
f^
of
Shu*
i^^^^
Wu*
lt'o\
Section
of
Finance.
No. 423.
II
p1 Chiini
Heng-
Ssu^,
Department of Selec-
1.
^-
jf^
Section
K'oS
cf
Distribution
of
'^
3.
Posts,
officials.
^'
f^
^
fjf
jfif
Shang^ Lai*
Ch'i"'
Wu*
K'o^,
XW
No. 424.
Section of Storage.
No. 425.
Department
jljlj
Chfin'
Chili''
Ssu',
No. 428).
their being handed over
Army
Inspection
(further sec
Previous to
all
to
the Ministry of
the
questions in connection with
of the
Military Posts, formerly under the supervision
[
544
Department
Amiy
be attended to by the
abolislied;, are to
(now
Inspection Department.
No.
426.
f^
Department
No. 427.
^^
rhiini
ff]
Ssu^
Ssu',
Army
K'o',
Commissariat
Hsii^
1.
^^ ^
^ B P^
2.
and
Medical
two Sections:
consisting of
Sanitary Department;
Wei* ShOngi
Chnn^
p]
No. 429).
(further see
^'
Wu*
^ ^
No. 428.
Military
Law
Fa*
''hiin^
g]
No. 429.
3p:
Chijn^
charge of
of the
Anny
of
Department
Ssu',
all
affairs
veterinary
This Department
No. 427).
No. 430.
^ ^
Military Education.
of the Ministry of
now
Hsiieh''
{see
Supplement
Ch'u*,
Bureau of
This
War
Chiin^
is
is
No. 431.
H It it
l>een abolished.
its
supervision from
Department
Military Posts (see Su|)plement No. 432k),
the Department of Aims Snj)ply (see Sup))lenicnt No. 424) and
the
of
The
Ch'a'
KV,
(ieneral
two Sections
Revising
xN).
1.
Section, and
2.
420).
f f4 Tsung'
^^^
Ho^
No. 432.
ot the Ministry of
^ 1^ Ssu^
as a
War,
^^
first,
Offices differs
following respects
At
1.
ment
No.
above
Lu*
Departments
and
and
(No.
432)
War
(see
in
the
422)
^^
there
are
number
of
^^
I^
SuppleYiian^,
Interpreters.
The Department
2.
of Military
Law
{see
Supplement No.
Ssu^
428), having no Sections, furnishes employment for ^, ^^
Fa* Kuan^, Officers of Justice (of the first, second and third
i*anks), who take the place of Section Chiefs and Secretaries (see
At
3.
the Department of
Arms Supply
(see Supplement
No. 424) and at the Army Inspection Department (see Supplement
No. 425) there are found |f
Hui'* T'u^ Yuan^, DraughtsI' ShihS Chief Engineers, and
1*
men,
ShihS
^^
m^)
Engineers.
^^
framed
Hsueh^
Department
Department (^
Education
f"-}-
of Military
pj Chiin^
(^
^^
In place of last-mentioned
1906, have been abolished.
"
"
there has been inaugurated a
Bureau, of Military Education
(see
in
L"
5^6
War
are
Lu
B.
Hsiin
Chiin,
Fang
2.
Military Schools
3.
4.
Government Stud
Office of the
5.
{see
{sec
No. 755),
l)y
Xo. 484.
Idem.
No. 435.
The Ministry
an
No. 185.
Edict of
Imperial
the
4tli
?^ J| ic
Navv was
of the
December,
1910,
and
its
officials.
Ministiy of the
Ch'.'iiS
Navy,
^^
2.
E Hai^
glj :;?C
Chiin'-
^ ^ '^
^ ^ '^
3.
4.
5.
|)^
'g*
No. 436.
as follows
Ts'an'
Kuan\
(.'ouncillors,
Secretaries,
and
I'i*
Ministry of
'J'he
War is
No. 436a.
||
{jjlj
Naval Administration
Chill*
Mou- Kuan',
Ts'an' Shih*
Chih^
Chiin'
p]
Ssu',
Department
of
1.
compusc;! of five Sections
^'J )|^ J^
Tu* K'o', Section of Naval Codes and Regulaticins, 2.
}^1^
n..2
K':n.''
lisich^
K-o',
K'o',
Arms
Se<-tion,
fSection of Navigation,
Section,
Revising
and
5.
W^WlPs
4.
^^ |^
3.
U^
<^'^'i'i'
Lnn-
%^
^^''''i*
^"^'''''^
K'"'.
of Marine Kn<;ineerin<'.
No.
436.1.
ifjf
Cliim'
Cheng*
1.
Jg
Building Section.
r
-^7
Ssu',
M^^'S
;f.^
Construction
''''''
Chie,.*
'''^^''' '^''*
Clui'
KV,
^ J^
Ko. 436c.
Naval Education
K'oS Section
of Instructijan,
Section o Training, 3.
Strategy,
and
4.
fi
^^^
5.
Chiin^
bJ
^^ ^
^ 7^
Hsun-*
Chiao* Yii*
Lien'*
K'o^
2.
1.
Tsou* Tzu'^
J^
and
3.
Regulations,
pondence,
|j||
Tiao* Ch'a^
jpf
^ ^ f4
2.
B ?f^ Mou*
H ;^ H
No. 436d.
Tien^ Chang^
fJf
^^
Section.
9^
No. 436E.
Chiini
-gl
Ch'u^
Economical Affairs
Economy, and
B B ^^
3.
1.
^H
Section of
Department of
Ssu^,
f?|-
ifi^
^ ^ Shou*
Wu* K'oS
Shu*
Section
of General Affairs.
No. 436f.
!?
gj^
^^
Heng"
No. 43 6 G-
^^
1^
Chiin^
Fa*
Department
Ssu^,
of
^g
;
K'o\ Medical
Section,
and
2.
Ssu',
:
^ ^ ^^
1.
^ ^ f^
^^
Wei^ Sheng^
Wu*
K'',.
Sanitary Section.
No. 436i.
548
staff
glj
One
Ssi:'
r]
Ssu^
Fu*, Assistant
Department Controller, p\
^^
Chiefs
(one
L"
ShihS Writers.
No. 436k.
Ottices difiers
below
"Jhe
of
})ergonnel
various
{see
Departments and
1.
At
I*
0ifi
I^
Shih*, Engineers.
2.
The Department
436g) having no Sections,
of
bJ
Naval
'b'
Law
(see
Supplement No.
Ac
No. 437.
Nos. 424
Pei*
Idem.
to
No. 18oP.
434.
Ch'u*, .Office of
iSt
^-
H^
440.
Justice aie
now
Justice
no
imp<)se<l
by the Supreme
longer
j)as8e8
final
I'^iitliermorc,
judgment
Court of Justice
54'J
on
(srr
the
Minist.
death
',
oi
sentences
No. '203a
also
M^B^^
of Constitutional
Eeforms
(see
^^
the |g
H^
Proctor,
Proof-readers, one ^,
fj
T'i^ Tiao*,
^ ^ Shu^ Wu*
f^ Tsuan^ Hsiu^,
Yiian^, Steward, and five
Pei*
M^WMM
Cheng'* Ch'ou^
^sien*
Reforms
Svipplement
(see
March, 1910,
to replace
the^^'^^^
No. 464a.
Chih* Chii^
Laboratory
Analysis
Mining Products ;
organized in accordance with regulations drawn up by the
Ministry of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce, sanctioned
Chemical
for
of
No.
775).
at the Offices of
At
these
Laboratories there
may
be
organized
^ MW^M
^
of a
:
1.
^^
by
Mining Committee),
ShihS
^M
^ IB Shu^ Chi*, Clerk.
3.
Chi*
2.
One |
Assistant
'"^hu^
550
Chemists
^ iS ^ ^ J^
No.
Kefonns
Office of Con:^titl^tional
Ch'u^
Pei"*
(sec Supplement,
and Communications,
^)
y^^'
i6^
all
money
see
Supplement No.
postal
composed
K'o\ Sections
four
of
4.
5^
in tiu*n, are
No.
3.
Operation,
^^t
it
fir
('{^
US
1.
j|^
Ku^\ Sub-Sections.
Vu* Cheng* Tsung'
directed
by
^ ;^
Associate Postmaster-General
i\Ifcmorial
and
Postmaster-General,
Pan^,
Posts
'^j^ fjj^
in
Hui' Pan*,
accordance with a
and
(>omnitmications,
established
Cl.u^
Chii^ Chang^,
Tsung^
is
2.
479.V.
It
1* K'o*,
f-^ Tsimg^
Yeh^
Section
of
K'o^,
J^
jf4 Ching^
-^ $4 T'ungi Fu- K'o', Section of Finance,
Cliien* Ho'^ K'o\ Construction Section.
These,
Translation Section,
and
of
lm])rovement
the
of
ati'airs
^jf
M^
No.
.>:i3n.
As
in
projwsed
^^
Higher Police
S(rhool
(if
tlu;
This
school
is
Icjwer
l*olicc
Courses.
r>51
prison management,
At
a |^
is
No. 551b.
This
^ =^
^ ^ Chao* Hsi^ Teachers,
j$.
to
whom
Kuo'' K'u*,
with
regulations
all
revenues,
all
making
payments
the transaction of
money
The Minister
MM ~X^
operations generally.
of Finance
is
In the
Ch'en^, Superintendent.
(^ ^
ment
at
High Authorities
tion
shall
of
the
deptited
of the provinces.
Later,
officials
when
or
by the
the organiza-
Audit
Shey
YuanS
it
Department,
have been completed, examinations will be made by that
(/hi*
establishment.
is
organized as follows
situated at the
Tsung^ K'u% Central Treasury
Capital and supervising Branch Treasuries and Treasury Sections
in the provinces.
At its head there are a j |, J^ Cheng*
If,
gjj
of
4^ Jg
Fu* Tsung^
that of
that
Li^,
552
0.
i^.
Each Treasury
importance.
|j^
Hsieh^
Jg
various
Ta
of
P'^-^i'
of
is
with that of
associated
post
as
places,
(a
judgment
MMM
that
Section
Li^ jNIanager
Superintendent of the
At
with
associated
post
(a
Superintendent of the
of
Ta
the
(/h'ing
^ Tai*
Pan* Ch'u', or f^ Ji
funds.
No. 555.
for the
various
^ -^
Shanghai,
Excise on
of
in
place
of
an
abolished
Barrier
there
has
as
At
been
^ |^ || f^ ^
established a
H^- ^
Ch'ou- K'uan'
Cliii',
Government
Funds
:^v
IV
TsungM.
Ch'an"''
Priesthood at Pc.'king
TjA
mm^mi^^m
two
^-V
Superior
Buddhist
the
of
in nil.
Knug'-Ss,,-
Fu^
in
Tua
Rung',
prefecture
of undassed rank.
Ill
the district of
(^.;
is
(ll
styled
[
^.
ff"^
.05 ;{
H-'iig-
^
]
p)
SJian'
llsien*,
Jlunan
^^
Ifi
W> fE
in.Mli
Superior of
Fu^
Til'
Chi% Assistant
tlie
of
^classed
rank.
In the
district of
^^
is
j|^
styled
^ |E ^
Tao*
(sec
above.
Clii^ Ssu'.
were reformed
^^^^^
W^
^ ^^ B
U^M
^^
^<l>^
Chien^ F
^ffi
KV).
The Ministry
Nien^
1^ Saul
of
Emperor on
uniform course of
foiu'
instruction
for
daily,
natural
Chinese
sciences,
all
The
Chi"
language,
drawing,
principles of agriculture
history,
callisthenics,
and principles
geography,
handicrafts,
of
commerce
singing,
the
last
No. 584.
^^
::^
JP
Pei^
first
organized.
Course
In
(^
fj|.'
1906 the
Yii*
^'o^)?
first
class
554
of
was
the-
refomi
of
of
Instruction"
altered
"Regulations
being
increased tenns of study, instruction
and an enlarged statl' of teachers.
in
to
1908,
the-
provide
for
additional
in
At
present
subjects
there
are
X ^4
Departments
A.
TfC
^^ ^
^^
The
final
examinations of ^he
first class to
be graduated are
half of 1911.
first
University Kegulations.
No. 620.
By
{see
(^
Chiang^ Li^),
to-
to supply a course of
^^
^^
and B.
f4 Chien"* I* K'o^,
Those
who
the
Abridged
Abridged Course
complete
are to rank with graduates of Lower Normal Schools {see No.
K'o',
Complete
Course,
Coiu'se.
618a;.
In the Memorial mentioned, the provinces w(M*e commanded;
I,
To estalilish, withiii tv/o years from date, at least one
" School
for Training Teachers for
Professional
Schools,"
supplying
the
"('omplete
(Jourse,"
and B.
To found,
of
Engineering;
^Z^ ^f^
established
[
55r)
<1'i'
in
Cl.'i'
in
the
(bourses."
Hsii.-h' T'luig',
September,
19()5,
\i\
at the
i^
^^
^ ||
Ch'i*
Olii'
Arsenal,
'hii^,
later increased to
50
{see a
26th March,
1910).
i^
Medical
^S^^
Kao'
This
School.
Tengs
been
Hsfieh^
I'
has
founded
T'ang-^,
the
at
Higher
city
of
Peking
in
accordance
As recommended
in
Emperor on
As
it
now
serves as a
of
Law, and
at
K'o\
Specializing
iSC
'^ P5
B.
^p
IE f4 Cheng*
three
Section, supplying
Courses, i.e. A.
in
^Ij
three years.
Special
Section
there
are
accepted as pupils
officials
or
^\
Chii'^
At
there
is
more than 25
College
Preceptor
{see
No.
636),
[
Law and
He
has a
Professors
550
years.
of
{.see
Administration
staff'
compot-ed of a
No.
G37;
in
an
indefinite
(see
(sec No..
^^
Shu' ^Y\\' Yuan', Assistant Steward, Secretaries (see No. 642), Accountants {see No. 643) and Clerks of
641), a
Works
^.
Nc. 644).
The
(see
No. 629c.
literary
designations of the
T? V
Metro-
first
,Fen^ ;^
No.
6 a 2.
as follows:
"M^^B^^M^^^W^
Hsiieh^
Chicn^
Sheng^
Students
in
Tu'
^ Ta*
Ch'ii'',
Chinese
of
Inspectorate
Japan, at the Chinese Legation in Tokyo; reaccordance with a Memorial from the ^Tinistry of
sanctioned by the Throne on the 20th March,
in
organized
Education,
1910.
The supreme
control
this
establishment
is
Chien^
Tu\
Controller,
is
assisted
by seven
number
fixed at 165
(the
there
Governments)
have
been
instituted
at
in
sanctioned
y^
W^
ly
Ji^ }^^
Vu- Hsiich-
.Jill'
VC'u'
as
Peking,
recommended
of
I'iducatiou,
iJf
Kao' TC-ug^
Wu
Higher Schools
For attending tli'
in
to
two years.
-with the
Schools.
At
No. 652a.
is
a
|//|?
J^
Tsung^ Pan*, Chief, to
Hui* Pan*, Assistants {see a
11th
March, 1910).
No. 652e.
this
by the
qualified
science
bi-anch of military
examination
Chii^ Jen^),
Artillery),
No. 702.
iS
^^
Cliiini
organized in
1.
The
^ ^ ^"^^
^^^*^^'
J^^ng^ Chiin^ Fa* Hui* Shen^, Sui)reme Court-Martial
Lin*^
Tlie gg
fi
(at the Ministry of War), and 2.
Shih^ (Jhim^ Fa* Hui* Shcn'^ Courts-Martial Extraordinary
B^^
#^
of
Supreme Court-Martial
Military
Law
is
drawn
of the Ministry of
-558
from
iir.
is
A
1
oom posed
Court-]\I;i)tial is
^II
of
Chang^ President
^'"a"'
^1'^''^'
of the Court
WH
(of the
rank of Lieutenant,
oi-
of the accused),
4.
11^
^ ^ t
o.
Prosecutors.
M W-W ^
Chien'
Ch'a-
^^'^^
^M
Ching'
Draftsmen
Military
KuanS
<'linn'
in
:\IodeI
Peking
(^ | |ffi
Section,
where students from the various ]u-ovinces arc taught, with the
object of disseminating the sciences of sur\ eying and drafting.
The
final
this
school
is
examinations of the
took
months study,
in
1!)1(),
rank of sub-lieutenant
(^
( liU^
successful
less
tiie
of the students
ca])ablt'
the
be sraduated from
to
class
first
])lace, after a
Jen') and
received
the
1,
;^^V.i'
Yiiig'^
Van (Southern),
^-
o.
No.
7.30.
Thc!
'^'ommandcr-in-Chief
No.
ai
^ J^
^^
7.)L
Slioii^
"^
(Lastern),
3.
of
designation
ChMen' Ying^
(Northern), and
the
Provincial
Yiiaii" lion'.
df\<igii:it ions
ol
KM
''^'i'
Clumg^ Ying',
'"n'> (iarrisoii.
^ jt ^ Ta*
I/it'-rary
{{^
literary
i>^
4.
Left
Yi^g^
(Westeiii),
Kigl.t
F^l
i^
Brigade
.7
'l^niig' lion'
(ieiicral
752.
No. 752a
of a
Literary designations
^ J^
Colonel are
^^ |^
Jung^
752f.
^^
Colonel are i^
Hsieli^
^^
^^
Hui': of a Major, :^
Fcni Hui^ ; of a Captain,
:}^
^^
^ ^ Ta*
^ Tu^
|fj
^^
and
;;^
Pa'-
Jung".
Ta* Cliang^
Hou-;
of
iSub-Lieutenant,
JQ
No. 753.
a
Platoons
Sergeants
commanded
vrere
(23
to
2nd Lieutenant,
assisted
Shih"
by
il|^
C^hang',
^ Shao^
four to a Battalion
bv P^
(see
Company Commandei's
or Cokn!i--Scrgeant
^^
the
(of
>Su])-Lieutenant
oi-
to 752i'),
^j^
by
(of the
commanded by
'^ Ying^ Kuan', also
Kuan"^ Tal\ Battalion Commander, to whom there was
attached a f^ 41/ Pi^-'ig^ Tai\ Assistant Commander (of the rank
1? ittalion
was
ii
^^
of Colonel, Lieutenant-Colonel, or
To
^&
each
the
Commander
Major
see
60
headed by
a-
M ^
C'h'in^
Shih^
Chang',
J^
Sergeant of Convoys (one of these bore the designation of
Lan" Ch'i^, and pei'formed duty as Adjutant to the Commander).
To each Company Commander there were attached five
if ;g
Ping'
fi
560
Conunandeis, and
wvve
allowed
and
'oiniiuuulur?i,
^ ^
as.-^istants,
Company
thuii- assistants,
one
their
(MIIXA,
llno^
Cook,
Fn',
aoh
to
(42
Battalion),
At
head
tlie
was a
there
^Jl
ol a
detachment made
T'mii_<>-"'
fj^"
750
to
751
^vas
liai/Ji
Shang*
antl in
),
eominand of
Tsuno-'
Tmnu^
ii])
of several Battalions
Commandei-
Liny^',
&
of a Deta<;hmcnt
Tsui.n^
Nos.
Pinjj;'; srr
.stvle.l
A|J
f,',]
ff
Pu*
Pin-'
Minister of War.
ISliu',
No. 754.
In
with the
eonni-etiori
successful
extension of
the Em[)ire {sec Supplement No. 27.'>), the Ministry of Posts and
Communications submitted :i Memoiial recommi'iidinji: the gradual
abolition of the Militaiy i'ost 8tatit)ns and (heir replacement
the
l*\)i'
by
it
hands of
the
of Provincial
of
nevertheless,
Industrial
Taotais
see
No. 830
Judge
Although
abolition
the
tlie
it
Ministr\
agreed
to
of
Post
Militar\
hand
.larujary,
in
to the Ministr\
'ouriers
Posts and
of
'ounnuniial ions,
1911.
.No. 750.
mUmfPHtif^m
'i''""^"
<'!"''
H^""^
On
to this post.
[
llu;
36
the
Military Horses,
be insested
nci
hcn-
No. 758f.
in
Establishments
Judicial
{f^
of those
Fa"*
'g'
Kuan^)
o -the following
Lin^
who wish
President
'g*
ranks of
officials
number
on the
of
:he
ol
the higher
2;
an
is
Kuan\
to serve
thei-e
first
four),
g ;^ '^
candidates
4.
Ohien' Shih'' Yu* SliihS (Censors for the
Ie
SO
Detection of Malpractices on the part of the Examining Board
(appointed from the ranks of officials of the Censorate ; there
first
examination
the
examination
5.
^%
hall,
hall,
^j>
j^,
two
for duty
without
^ J^S and
^ X^
Chiii^ hih*
Examining Board,
tion
Examining Board
A-
Jlii
^-
^W-*^
KuanS
Officials attached to
the
i.e.
'g* T'i^
Tiao*
KuanS
Proctors (2),
Papers, and
MM'U
C-
Papers
^f J"
^""tingi
(2).
For
652i.
No. 771.
tions
regarding
nC
Kung^
these
Associations
562
PRESEXT DAY
TOl,
11
have
C'nifts Associations
stiulyini
and,
tlicin
of
varieties
all
l)v
1( >.V
haiidierafts,
new
introducing-
object of
llie
iiiitl
uuifliiii;-
nictliods,
CHINA.
improving
tlicir
increasing
etficiency.
At
Branch
The former
Associations.
Tsung-^
^^
Fen'
Hiii"*,
directed
are
ilui'*,
by
|I^ Jj
V
Hsieii*
and
Li^ ice-Chairman,
i^
Tsung^ Li^, (Jhairman,
Avhile the latter are under the guitlance of a ^;^ Jg Tsung^ Li',
i\
lifjfj
Chairman.
No.
Ijiterarv
79.S.
<
;^, f3-
^ 'iV chi>
i^
Cliing' ('\nu)\
if:
J[ou^ and :^ |\
'J>
Yin^
;/^ f-^
Prefect
the
^(^
(literary designation, ^{
i^^io'
^'Hi
i^i'.
f^
Shao*
)^ ^^
Ta' Krh*
^J)
:J^^f^
^^
Mu^
Ta' Krh^
a"ities)is
ihc
(^
Peking
Shao^ Yin^ i^
<'hingi
of
Vice-( Jovernor,
of the
ffJ-
;)^
-ff^
'1^^^^
Another designation
No. 7!M)A.
Districts
'l.iug'
Mu*,
Vo\ and,
Pangi
of
i(us
JSIctropolitan
'Ji
dcsiguat
ijyjg
'^
of
tlic
llsiln-'
Ch'cng*
^^
Shih^
Ta' Chili'
Chih^j.
^&
p\
Pohcc Magistrate
^^''^*
(literary dcsignaiiou,
^^^^^
Master and
,Iail
1^'*"'.
and
ih.i',
No.
niandant
^im
t^
J^l
7!t7.
of
llie
'"^'''i-'
'''='"'
tit
7^
i>\\'\h^
Vu'^
Chiao'),
-^ Jt \n
$|i
Pa'
Chien^'
designations
iendarnicrie
^''"''
iin
Ch'eng*), as
^^ filj \^ ^,\i
Chien' Fa' Li^ Mu'.
Literary
-^ Shih^
(literary designation,
jji
ol
the
ff
were
there
:1I[^
Chien^
Pu* Chih'
(jicncral
<
hiri'
Wu"'
nu:ind
With
No. 800.
maintenance
of
jf^
^^
f^
At
|5|^
the
Office of
The
No. 804.
Jte
(residing at
With
the
,^
J^ Ma^ Pu*
1^
Mounted and Pedestrian Fleet
also organized a
So^,
by the Chief
Police, directed
5^
the
of
Liang3
same time there was
The
^^
for
reference
to
Banner
the
Forces
this
official
has
the
The
Decree
No.
805.
As recommended
Governor-General,
|^ |^
in
Chao
Memorial
Erh-hsiin,
dated
1911, there
has
Kuna^
Shu'') of the
Governor-General of Manchuria a
M Hi ^ M T"g' Saul
the
tlie^
20th
Yamen (^
.Time,
ESt
from
^^^
ommittee
the
for
auditing,
all
expenditure n^ade
in
Manchuria).
At
the
same
time the Head Office Qf Mongolian Affairs, previously independent {see Nos. 812a and 90]), was annexed, to the Yamen of the
Governor-General of Manchuria.
No. 808.
General of Manchuria, j^
ipjl
^^
M} Ts'ang^ Wu'
June, 1911, the previously independent
and its.
abolished
been
has
Chii^ Bureau of Government Stores,
fiuictions transferred to the
Bureau of Finance.
[
504
No. 812a.
been aholished
(see
^^
Manchuria,
||C'hao Erh-hsun, dated the 20th June, 1911;
compare Nos. 805 and 901).
No.
818.
By
virtue
of an
Imperial
September, 1910, there has beer, placed at the head of the Salt
Ven" Viin* Sliih^, Salt
Administration of Manchuria a
jjg. 'j|^
Controller
{see
the reorganization of
this administration.
Until
the
the
reorganization of
Salt
Office
recommended
in a
of
ir^alt
Affairs,
Administration of
Yen'
established
^lilitary
Wu' Tsung'
1906
in
as
Governor, Chao
No. 820.
(in
1910
,sY'^
styled
(see
Yu^ ShihS
No. 821.
(in
9 10
m m ^%
alJ
U '^
'i^"'
('1^'a''
Ynan^
Y.V Shih^
Fn^ Tu^
in
the
provinces and
the
subf)rdin:ition
of
all
The
Tientsin
r*
{see
Bureau
to
be established
was that
at
a Memorial
tjd
iieuAJed
fust Financial
^'h'en*
5(;r.
Pan'',
Pang'
It
Assistant.
Pan*,
Tsnng'^
n^ui
f|l^
four
consists of
Ku',
Sections:
1.
2.
Defence,
ff
:^ jj
^S
f[^
^M t^
'M-
ii^ai^ (ihun^
Pay
Ku%
Liang^ Hsiang^
of
*'
tlie
Chiin
lluai
"
Troops,
3.
!i:
)g
llp]
M^^
Each
by a
Btu-eau
fM T^o*
-t'an*,
|8?
headed
is
Pang^ Tso*
With
^^
1.
2.
vt 1^ |M
Tientsin),
3.
Provision
of
W ^^
Pay
'{^.
IM
Maritime Defence
So^
Bureau
^ Bf Huai^ Chiin^
Troops
(iliLi^,
d^'o"'
K'uan'
Government Funds
Chu^
and
Yin^ Ch'ien'^
5.
Pay
^ >^
^f] ifS
(at
the
supervising'
Lien*
flqj
" Lieu Chiin ''
|^
to the
for
Office
Paotingfu
(at
(at Paotingfu),
Fang*
(at Tientsin;
Hsiang^
at Tientsin
^^'^^^
^"^''
Hua^ Shui*
In
accordance
with
the
terms
of
the
Edict
Imperial
mentioned (of 24th May, 1909), and for the purpose therein
Ts'ai^
stated, in all provinces there are now found Hj" i^
^^
Cheng* Kung'
the
the
So^,
Financial Offices,
Lieutenant-Go^ernors, controlling
exception
of
Salt,
Grain and
all
financial
affiiirs
Customs revenues,
5G6
with
which
Although these
the
Oftices
ai-e
their
Lieutenant-Governor,
In
six Sections:
Tsimg^*
1.
|!g
and
Fu"*
K'o',
3.
l.'hekiang),
o.
Audit
K'o\
Kiangsi
Excise
f^
Section
Wu*
Sluii^
CU\h'
Likin), and
6.
^if
J^ ^^
Hunan),
^ at
4.
Kiangsi),
Hunan and
K'oJ, Section of
^"j
Administration (in
(found in
^^
Chekiang, ^ |^
in
Wu*
Hunan and
Hunan,
in
ffl
3^1)
in
Expenditure (found
Chi''
^Jf
tiie
Affairs (found in
T'ien*
|^
uniform
not
is
organization
Li*
^fif
Shui*
K'o',
(in
Section of
Section
K'o',
of
of
Oheng^ K'o',
These Sections may be further
Section
Hsiiig^
etc.
f-l
Kiangsi),.
Customs Duties
Kuan' Ch'ueh*
of
Hui*
in
16 Sub-sections).
At
Section
Yi'ian*,
in
to
Chief,
whom
^ |g
Secretaries, and
Hunan and
No.
libraries,
arc
is
^il-
K'o'
subordinated
Shu' Chi*.
C'lerks
jfij-
Chang%
K'o'
(for instance,
Kiangsi).
As
82yp..
spreading
thei'G
instruction,
public
these
etc.,
regards ediicational
are
invested
in
the counties,
aft'airs in
establisiiment
the
of
and
schof)ls
hands of auxiliary
M^ ^ ^
b}-
the Throne
on
in
the
accordance
2ii(I
witii
Deccinbei',
regulations
11)
10,
whciH;
are
there
a dearth of funds.
No. 832.
'
Affairs
i$
;
3a
foreigners
fsl'
in
biao'
She*
Shih',
the
|)riviii(r<'
Commissioner for
with
concerned.
(puistions
This
Foreign
ai'ising
othrial
with
holds a
intermediate
position
{see No!^*825)
He
is
directly
820) or
between
that
Lieutenant-Governor
of
{^ee
No. 827).
No.
Governor
{see
No. 821)
of the province to
is
also
subject
which he
to the
is
control
Foreign Affairs.
Affairs,
who
hr.ve held
established
April,
in
August,
1910), Chihli,
1908),
1910).
(these latter were appointed on the 18th August,
provinces under the jurisdiction of the same GovernorsGeneral, i.e. those of Kiangsu, Hupeh and Kuangtung.
the
The
(JiC
as
Honan,
yet have no
1910.
At
Foreign
1.
||{S5
Affairs.
^ 14
^ V^
55:
These
568
deiiee,
These
2.
^^
Sections
in
others, four
and
gg
I^
Translation
K'o',
administered
are
by
Section.
Vr,o
;3
Wei^
Yuan\
subordinated to the
nnmbering,
Fan^
f'j-
to
appertaining to this
Wu* ChuS
the
official
chiang there
is
^ ]^ f^ ^
^^
Yang'
859\ attached
In
to
Ileilung-
(^7-^
No.
There are
No. 835.
Yen* Yiin'
also the pq
j||
iiK
i^ 8su' Cli'uan'
Ch'engtu
of
Decree
the 2C}th.
was
established
(this post
by Impeiial
September, 1910, to replace tbat of Rg >^ \^ Yen'^ ('h'a-^ Tao%
San^
abolished; see No. 841), and the
1*i' SI 'M f^ ^'"^ng'
Fu
^H
Yen-
Shr-ng'
Supplement No
Manchuria
of
(see
818).
i^
1/5
November,
Office mentioned,
iTJC
5^
rra])elle,
I'JIO.
and
and
is
charged
Kuangtung
and Kuangsi.
At
then;
is
subordinated
JE ^
to
/!?
<
him two
'hfing*
/,';i]
Chicn'
Tu',
Chief,
who
has
His duties
officials.
differ
is in
exercises a general
latter
super i^ision,
As
No. 838.
Taotais
while the
concerned,
provinces
are
piovincial
Commissioners
i-ather
tlian
ordinary
Taotais.
No. 841.
Tlie post of
JW^tklM,
bv
of the 26th
l^jdict
As recommended
No. 843.
in
direct supervision
i^
1^
^ il
Huai-^
T'i-
/fi
Deceni])eiv
1910, the
Kimg' Chu-,
Office of
28tli
lias
KM
Chen"
-the
Fu'^
c;h'i'*,
Hll/JiC^lJ
Committee (organized
Chihli Kelief
Chih^ Li^
Chien^ Tsiio*
In
W}
News|)aper
^'^'"ii"'
(hu^
'^
1891),
Chihli Irrigation
M 'm ^
1*<^'''
Vang-
Shu'
Chu',
Szechwan the
(iove)-mnent
f'UM
Chii",
Li^
Shui-^
in
^'iii'
'^
^^^
Kuan^
I'ao'
Office,
^Sluia'
^|t
^^
^'^^-'^o
Krh-
No. 880.
At the Cbancery
in
570
tlie
Assistant MilitarjMen)orial fro)n this official,
of
a
M^^^ ^
The 'Head
No. 901.
in
ubolisheil
^MH
General,
Office of
A flairs
Mongolian
^l'''^o
S: 1^
Tibet
(this
has been
Mill,
or Eastern, Tibet
officials
{see
medium
of
Q ^
Erh' K'a\
He
is
known
is
staff*
of
'^
^^
('hinese as
I^ Kuo*
Pai^ Pu', or
assisted by a
in
:{\i
'[^
of
Til)et
invested
is
with
the
native soldiery
Tibetan
civil
administration.
Previous to
attached
f{}
the
1911, to
f)}}
'X
i":'"'
T^'-'j;'
Ulterior,
or
Western,
ill
in
'IVmh' T^an',
1909
:iii<l
the
to
1909
Anterior,
Couii<-,illor,
open
No. 909).
Ulterior, (.r Western, Tibet;
Ah pioj)03ed in a Memoiinl from
in
were
Assistant
residing until
then
since
there
Clren",
'1'=^'
1727
three u)art<
the
of
was instituted
Tibet,
^ ^^
Resident
liiij)erial
or
charged
foreign
trade
Councillor rcsideil
in
srr
M:ir-li,
571
1911.
]
in
the
n;[i\
Committee
t" a n-port
ot
from
1911,
replaced
who
is
^^
by
that of
Senior C^ouncillor,
;j^
^^
572
ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF
CHINESE CHARACTERS
refer to paragraphs;
to paragraphs in the
Those
Supplement.
when preceded by
in
most
detail.
iharacter above).
A*.
Stroke, thus
S,
explained
INDEX
Chai^
^&
713A
1^
m i\
ii 615, 786
<ar
i?^
252, 645
645
S)^
645
Ch'ai^
H^
I
520
"g-
712
709,713a
Chan'
tS I 850
l\i
2s 929
I{I.
!(i-
^: 929
J)29
ChanV
i'ii
'iV
Rl
tJC
7J4
(!h'aii^
573 A
Chang'
^ ^^ np li
-i^ !1]
:^102, 12;)R,
m. 877
?S* U
I
917
30.-,,
724,
874,907
f^l? 5ClA
^Pi4^m't^^St$;fffe&^ 755
";^{;ifi
.".7315
Chano-^
861A
;g
'iV
''^26,
TV
Vil
861 A
&
nl^'iV
861 A
J- 29
^^^
I
%%
-Sil
'ii-
6fi6
680
15:
914a, 917
Sc
S,
207a
OF CHINESE CHARACTERS.
Chao*
f^
If:-
826, 830a,
794,
(^h'en-^
850, 853
Clrao^
?K l 267
^jfti 263
Clrao^
:f^
G29C
3^!'t^5
Che'
7.
-^c
Bi 885
AitlPy^Vl la:^
123
Ch'e'
^
I
;Cn;
5]
Bi
ff-
iZ 870
Chen'
nil
!ifci
X n
ii 981
240
>^.
Cheir
Chen^
Bg
fid
ilj tij
.
H
I
^,
59
S.
945
'II
ll-if
S: 701
761
:'^
'U
27a
i^ 20,
525B
H m IV
gi
,
74'.,
xjif^
2:i.
73
'^4
761
525U
ti75.
916a
98:5
INDEX
JE^m 240
^ 15 496a, 506
f^ * f: 766
a.
m.m
ej
676, 679
g 661,
m
IKi
'tJ-
704,
70.-)
I
2a
tJ]
422
S.
it
pji
4(;6a
f*
'tr
185E, G, H,
S.
ft 14 212b,
f^ Sl 760, 761
fl
965
I, J,
K, L,
294,
436d
693
^i^!'^
^^
II 493,
ff:5c
287
422b, 434
718
661,
^ fT X&
^ 858
iE5cl2i
290
332
p"u
7|c
I
^^
Jr.
718
fig
Xg A E
189
819a
sic t'
11 B 805.
105a, 138, 128 to
m m M gj F1 570
^ m R 781
m EK 945
^ II ^K i& >^
625, 525b
m M 761
4y5A
S.
185b
63 IB
S] ft
'B-
fff j]g
504 D
It
m i^
-g-
'K-
6G2
|!g.
El
S.
551 B
it
675, 677
^. tV 422b
t|5 ^rt
766B
S
S Sl
fig
658, 659
'M
^It
S^
m
'g-
801
525b
fii
^ ^f
S.
<f
^J-
746
iii
749
525b
mrAM^
ii-^mmfz
413A
949
S^
586
^t 150
f^
F"!
141,
^^ 5^
mui
41
?,^ ^^
m .^
Ch'eng^
412
767b,
Sf4
608
;>iJ
a Fj
806b
591
240
vi
621 to 621B
S.
62 to 621 R
1031.
P^ 756
iliafif
mm
504A
^f^
167b, 398
S?
185G
ViJ
^IflSlrPi;
S.
S-
2-^^',
141a
142, 143
^ 281, 282,
ii
iH^KTc
623, S. 623
f^^
^""
B12A
Sf4 608,771
520
tt
mr^xmn
71lA
?1^
f$,i^l
li 801
Clii^
573a
j^ f iP
ii tU
n
n
^58
ii958A
ii
fi^
.'Wl
Si
74 3 a
fii
-^ 770a
149^
OF CHINESE CHAIIACTERS.
Chi*
r
gp
lf
V& 982
^ H :^ E
?S 106a
106
^n
^-^ffi
102
!?E
102.
J 5l 337
5i il 514
803a
^ ^ li 493
^ I? 373
^^.
^^ MR
781
Chi'
Ig'gf
cfJ
t|^
210, 210a,
'fSj
F1 210, 210a
Chi*
Cf 514, 773.
fif ::
St
S.
464a
783
770c
:Si ^.
436k
432,
BP 291
Ii3{
SH
973. 974
129c
MLmmt
Ipl
.^-
mM
I
93 7 A
iS ^J 49a
i^:^n
849
WlFj 512
i *;..} 818
S:
S.
!fe
805A
ff
!*
?<lf
57IA
937a
p)i
555
914n
.^ii
Ki>FH)S:i]
917
m 'T
309
>ru^*ii'r 413a
520, 665
Jt
Ch'i'
a /h ^
s,
'g-
m W" i^
S, '^ ^ 90
ua
S^^
90
229,
713
INDEX
Chia^
^m
I
Chiao^
^ 'S
722, 871
955
?f 913
m^m
124
?^
',
SS936
^ f^
436a
Ch'ia^
ii
ft
m.
^^^
14
pj!
-li
'r
iL^_^' 7 lie
it 310, 527a
UtS
^a
'i?
t>61
Mi
PJi
523
il 700
Jf 14 840A
3:^ :g:
m^hm
669,680
270
m 973
a S f
975
1
3^
S;.
HJt
.t 1^ ^4
^a
If
t^
UwB
713a
680
S.
51(1
^?:ifff
757ii
Vlll
522, 636
iSin 523.
^%i\ 374a, 522,
3^
Clriauo'
tt^M
786
<;36,
514,766b
li 97, 700
I*;
770c
619,637,712
'X'^ 201A
774a
08
!J^
792
860
$J1J
504D
J3S
<523
62315, 75SB,
15
805a, B, 832
3^ '88
573a
& Fj
B] 344
Chiang^
I
H^
982
Chiao*
744,
982
535
744A, B,
gi
f] S! 806, 832
n 5^
m ^f 550b,
m m 103d
832
5i
]lf
b]
mW'^
Chiang'
806
1^
832
mm^
-^ 'T 857
S.
PJT
832,' S.
.^^
?^ fj
ifi
:8f)G, S.
859
5u4d
J3j J33[
b, c,
806b
Ji f4 822
Cilia*
806a.
Jih
m S- Fj
'
f(5 4?J
Wi]? '00a
]
167i>.
617a, 618.
PJi
(iisij
593B
620
OF CHINESE CHARACTERS.
S.
436c
INDEX
^f
^f
796A
S.
303, 374a,
423A
984
420b
^:
286,
^268
6.
Pfl
It
Pit
^1
^ 1^
^
^
^
^
^
^
758c
75SC
pJi
758c
699b
5JE
#!i
I3j
788
^ ^ it
^^^
579
^M
*a
n
n
m
'!
S.
479
;iM
S.
859
436b
^liji
0.
946
]
Ifi:^ 733,73^
I
^i?^h^.^
717A
225
412A
226, 227,
||J
f^ 230
227a
^412,
it
368A
Ch'ien^
=^
I
-^ 863a, 877a
861a. 877a
3^ 752k
771A
859, S. 825 to 826
504a
If. '
310,
flj
643b
709, 71lA,
;J.H
583, 598,
713A
855
794a, 824,
944 K. 959
S.
55 IB
li H]
84
F"!
}^ 848, 977
366a, 460a
rn^ii 780
nil 310
J-ul
SJK
!!^ >?:
S.
SS^
itfl 429
873k
99
Cliih^
S.
E
^
^
m
822
H Sx
=ff
501D
f^ 402, 608,
^ f^
^
749
550a
^
I
591
f#
549
579
Chien*
mmn
(;19a, 620,
735, 738
735, 742
-X gi 98
S.
735, 742
121
|S-
-^1
738, 742
735,
^m
% ^f
mM
104b, 699b
14-
Ch'ien^
^^
^^^
752k,
^.W
^
m
506,
ISSit^
856
95
it 845
Chill'
it
^f^
835b,
S.
S. 79tJA
376 to 394
'
OF CHINESE CHARACTERS.
t^>
W *0 W
851
!
INDEX
^.m^^ihim^
J
ci.
:&
fi-
753
763
;fl S.
Ch'in^
^ ^ f^
53.:
Chiiig^
793
yir
793
S.
mM
796a
S.
f^ 535
it 213
ii
.^o
fii?
.^ 213
718, 740;
S.
793
mmn
m M^
794
794A
';;u
794a
iiS
435c
m#
793
S.
'ift
SC g
^i<
Jifi
800
933
S.
793
M?$m^ 592a
m
M .^ ?^
75Sc
^^-
^J
759
XmsJ^iilHli 771,711A
# n ^^ m *a 801
m i^mmMmm
m m ;^ # </ 7<i6B
=f-
"'J2a
Pit
&<6
i&
1^1
-|.^#^
m^t^mm
605A
a^^^Ufet- 770A
^m-nmm
1?^
^h
m k -T
g^
ft^
fiU
p)i
mmm
Sfc
770B
* :^ ^J
la ^ ^
'gr
IS 760
''19A
514
654
'^ _^
.;23
761
OF CHINESE CHARACTKKS.
Clring^
INDEX
fe 308, 49oA
ti 779, 780,
B]
376A
781
G<),
(;9A,
76,
6521
T-1
Chu*
OF CHINESE CHARACTEKS.
Ch'iiair
INDEX
^j
I
^^ ii
s ^ F1
587
S.
749
1^ 796, 800,
Oman'
m m 968
Jgt659A
Ch'uan-^
Chung^
8$
&k if
S. 333a.
'l^GF
^1- ^.
W333
Cluing^
Cli'iian*
Ch'ung^'
m^-i^
W]^?f\
Mi S47
^ it 829a
JiUn PJf771,77lA
Ch'ung^
I
m^77lA
^ P^ IE m. 'U 657
^ n r^ & 557
X PI g ^ (^
m ^ 839A
m R] 813
m 1J 813
^ it 813a, 838, 839
PJi
glj
'500
SlJ
^nm.m^
p.i
829a
829,
nl
556
S^ M. 839a, 851b
Chlieh^
m m 573a
482, S. 128 to 149,
4G4A, 479a.
I
also Chio^)
(.9^6
Ch'iielr
^520
m%m
306
IS 842
Cliiiii^
J^
I
111
SI 448
629b,
964, S.
I
ffl
^im^
t^ 657c, 707
'g-
425, S.
436b
432B
^m^
I29B
^^.^
129 A
m& 128,305
S.
f^ S] 936a,
^ tj
^933
i^f^822
625
-^ 621, G27A
433
il ;^ S. 128
840a, 857b
fi]
426,
%\\
f5]
428, S. 425,
|||^'t525A
mm^-
mm-^
R507
[
xvi
432b
436E
^ pa Ji
^ ^ 103C
526A
S.
692
436A
OF CHINESE CHAPvACTERS.
''P
i
? U] ^32,
S.
428,
1IF ^-
iSfe
ii]
S.
'#f
ii]
424, S. 423
436G
702
4S0F
6.-,8
S] 3.VJ
#103c
[i]
n] S. 4361)
-^ 754. 898
fft-
rS
fl^
'Or
690
427. S. 424
Fj 609
K IS H
ii<:68
'P
ig 184a,
b, c. 4
184, 417,
103b
S.
7,
m^ isiD
rS ;^
s.
^ 656
A,
659
184c
^1^^679
WETGes
Cliiiu^
430
^i iE
S.
^i
."}]
Jin
348
P5S S.
430
2^ 849
tiff
656"a.
659
3} :g 673. 704
SSIftl5
mt^!?3A689
g-
15,
15.
30
32
fffinosc
IS '673
m n 698A
IS
^:?!'.
^848
^-
-i-'e
f!5S849A
31 15, 30
^ 5f G29,
959
S^a677
Ch'iiii-'
KraA69i
B*^715A
B *f 103c
S 1" 675, 677
S/13:C98A
103U
fSlrt)^
'g'*^
712a
^974
TpI
ft!
->
(i)
936a
7.-,0
849
VC
] 433, S.
MJ
liJ]
*fl
849
***81U
428
jSi
"'72
8. S.
184B
84.
84 a
INDEX
A
|g 945, 958
P^
W 944, 944 E
m ^ S44E
fiP^944K
R ^ 629a
K ^ 957
^ 628, 629a
1 i ^ 959
J* K ^ 957
li
J!^944d
^^
^rfi
959
J^^95S
Erlr^
:^
U't
206
Erh'
~
fp
629c
OF CHINESE CHARACTER.^.
a ^ f^
it ^
832
S.
5J> li^ S.
'28 to 12!tc
n&m
t331
^t'it 55 726
1-20
an
J
I
i;!:
^*
iJ]
82.-.
ssoc
f!]
iiB25
Fan'
UK
5518
JH $f tilSn
mt "14
8IJ
mm
i'Hi
<f-it*4
ff]
83:)A, 8;.7
#818
H^ <04a, f.25A
497
Ven*
Fano'
#^
'eno'
^fi21, G2G
i-\
m t "96a
m 945
1^ 984
FangP^ Pi
I
^^f
.1?
Feiig^
^n
=>04b
fit74<:
? 07 K,
748
74fi,
Fei'
?R eg
S-
88
Fen'
:5j'^
1^
hh
S.
Aij
555
a:
Rfeaw
r.2()
S4'JA
*fl Xt'-
Pft
[pT
;fj
84'j
ff792
51 iO
fill
itt
**''
j'W
;a
fr
77.'. S.
iW :^
HlC. 814
t^SO,
771
584
838. 841,
844
H'
933
INDEX
MM^ 957
Fo^
M573
glj
5 857
874
Fu^
:^ 739, 828
^:{2
38,
^^79a
^ f 861 A
945
m W- 82
^PP ^IW^ :^!i!l9is
^ f* ^ S. 376 to 394
K 6$ 783
tt & 436K
Fu''
Fu^
!|^
846,
fjjf
EitE|i^94A
!^* fii
^ S t 540
(^
S?. ilk
f^
-g^
il
/2^
25
21, 23,
873
^ ii ^J 849A
^mn
^mn 849,
894
^li
793
S.
'f:
iK 658, 716
ifJ
^^
'S*
128 to 149
668
'tr-673
^ ^ 675
m m # M 723
g821
;g|
^877a
^j ^
^ 835A
849
8-t9A,
861a
154C,
fLT-it672
^821
155
ft
:rp;3
821
55U,
835c
B i ^ 738
f] ^ S M 738
121
=p-
544,
S.
'# 835a
g,',l^ ip:
7nA, 713a
"b
"II
824
m w m ^ 526
* -t ^26
m 'M
^ 526
:&
m
0. m m^^-^ 526
^ 793, 802
^|^
7 52 J,
m^ 578,619
3^62,793,802
iJ'ii
752,
Hf :f 872, 879
856b
*!?
749, 752A,
J,
824
^, 208, 209
li^821
^^711A
Fu^
M # 521
^^t 856b
lift
f^
^P.
fi'-li:^. 741
If
959
'tfi
ff -g:
;^ 625, 709
f^
{jg
734, 741
526, 770a,
829b
526
fi ;^ 167, 169, B25A, B,
11374a
[
XX
OF CHINESE CHARACTERS.
|lj
Sf
713A
INDEX
m '^ m w- ^ 659b
W m % M 659b
%l U 6r.9B
M fi59B
'^
^ 59b
659t
'^ ^ ^
^ 757, 757a
SI]
5:^11712
;;^
155
'fc
i^ 190
5:jEfcA713A
^-JS
fot,
1.1
t-t:
i9Sc to 200c
R-
^^1^191
193c to 200c
S.
ifi l|i
'^fL
i^
r|r;';^
"^
H^ 65flC
'J^
fe '>59C
'^ "P
M 659c
^ ^H
':k
Hang-
'^ 756
^?$^614,
185b, 417
615, 616.
Hao^
g:B520, 678,
185, 756, S.
185a, 756,
S.
ISoA
:^ 659c
W :^
Wi^M 659C
709,
713a
678
Hei^
1!^-
mma^^mmmn=i& 782a
?. '>'''9
ill =ff
5|:
H 184F
Wi^M^l
Ho'
S.
g-
825 to 826
m ^ 700
19;
It
^ ^^
B^
|5l
^P 849
S.
S25 to
82(;
ig 253, 833,838,842
IS F^ ^0 8-53
H ^ 833B
m it 833C, 838, 842
i i^ 756
Han^
m5|rAii718,
731
i
mmpM 138
* m 138
ia qi 778
776
iP 849
W^f^
849
^749, 820D
vamsso
ffl}
P] ^n
849
it ^38, 843
'13^
719,
S20D
'^ 820d
M
3fi
820D
M it a
l5l
--^
820D
in 849
5W -t W] 306
Sai1712
fg 1^-493
g|[-g 129b
^m
;fr I'S
''^ |5]
af 5V f] 776
Mi 850
^& 129b
^ * 759, 760
it la
?F873
pnittEa872A
!i
g|ij-^953A
75G
^ ^-
388
mm
HE
ic, 87;;
mmm
^>
V^^^^^
35
xxii
^ 1^ ^ iE 389
?i^^-g^J<389
OF CHINESE CHARACTERS.
^m&
I
367
8e#S.
HsicV
431
Hoir
^ 94
4,
944b, 966,
<Jti9
Hou^
IS 971
ffiSS970
?IS*KA526
mmm 758F
^S
I
ffi
:^
98
122
B.
749
Hsi^
m
I
iS 36h
JSES. 137a
'a'
PS 569c
F&796
1^
liH
tS fi 1^
*fl
796c
R] 122
a|937,
S.
213
'
flr
138, 93;
llsi^
fj
rr
4Jy
pJi
:U3R. 514,
.-,14a,
767a
INDEX
Hsiao^
OF CHINESE CHARACTERS.
U
I
^95.
846, 85Gb
>^ G5S,
n57
7!)4a,
31
Si 658
ir.,
^-
IS
1^831
iS5
438, 937
S31B,
759. 7."9b,
**!'
1- SI
5b
f5C fjf
p/i
S-
4t;3 to tfi6
J(
fffl
ig :90n.822A,
424 to 434.
S.
Iff
4.58,
463 to
46ti,
&s.
iEiiB'S d6;^c
ft
&
G.'jIlA
tS:
ig
'"'''A
louf..
ir.i
^^-'A
88 937
W937
tft
1$ 9-^8
^ ai ts
'^<
'
:R56
llsiii^
ift Tf 80IA
Using'
/ji
;i'
330
.-.sft
mzi&'if
'"'OK
Ilhiiifi>fr)
if*
iff
21KA.
7.V.I,
7<;0. S.
2IH
|,>
218a
"iA^
^819a
S.
823a
343a. .S40A,
i';'47
^ tS S
l"'tA. l.\l
4fi
i? i^
^ ^^
ft
458
fri:
i!iiitnn^
/""is,
ft '.fr^lJP^S. 127
ft
822 A
Ilsin'
7titr;
"0-lD
108. If.O,
ikmm # tS &
^ *S lg 822A
iA
^ u&
S.
33
lo.
218 to 218A
qtff
ff f^CAg
832
'49
.S.
82.")
to 826
INDEX
U I" ji
S.
OF CHINESE CHARACTERS.
5"W
.-21
INDEX
Hiiai^
'
m-
mmn
!^;
it it ^-8^3
gt p]
ff
<
I
Hiiaii^
1?
'B-
5:
41
43, 770 a
mJlkm^
1-tlA
m ^ 23a
li
pJi
=*
823
li ft
S.
369 a
M
P 277, 538.
f.2'Jc
Huang''
-S.
Is 2
il
iMc E
Ks
12
Sj^
^
"^
126c
|;i
Is]
7C
90(;
.SI
tf 947
S.
^tig- 74
IIiii=^
i^
F1 ^r
^ 9S2 ^
:M: 52(1;
fi"
iii^
82!)B
643, 82915
t|-||r,i4
^^374a
tf f^ 185J,
6r>2, ,7r,o,
828, 840a, S.
I
ra -^ ^t 392
gt
/j
K5
'72
Iliin^
;}9
ii 980
210b
JJl
f-
83.-.B
Hun^
?S:
fSf
(i29c
mM
j5ir
I
.--2
750B
628, (i29c
^1948
^^
Ji 829b
i.-i
VS
I
JX I* ^/
::A:
1
:*:
m 1^ i* E
m M m -A E 924A
ft.4lifi
:kjfii
::
77;,
64:5,
706a
4:if;r.
mm
s.
22
S.
432a
OF CHINESE CHARACTERS.
Huo^
(/t
gif??733, 737
58 i^
^n
|g
^ l
^
Sli
:)21.
7.-.7B
P)i
"'91
!"^A
702, 704.
812A.
S.
705,
7.")3
629c
680,
706a, B.
0.
(396.
707,
INDEX
mm^
I
653
^ 822,
m
PJi
II
:g:
39A
422, 80^1
in ?f 913
369a
S.
S.
^179,
Ju
369a
i^il26A
in f^ 426
M # 525A, B, 526
*#167B,
|l|J
541, 828
rf]
216
167,
300,
169,
422b,
1^127,8.127
m m 754
I
ii!i^'tf754
^ 754. 850,
m. it
"^'i:
m^m
607
85oA
S^425
Jan^
!^
M n ^- S97
O
rA
en-
rfl5
f >4 424.
'B
m A 694
932
!>\
123
Jih*
II IE
^ ?
>
201
>rS. 225
* ^ 3: ^ P^ 587
*^ 1^62.1
Joii^
468, 484,
S.
432a
OF CHINESE CHARACTERS.
K'an^
mm
K 7A
IKDEX
K'ou"
^aP
umm m m
F^ -61
r^
m T- la "i
743C
^
^mf^ 303
s-
240
At it 893
^j--
Kill
SI! I?
*^
I
ISl
'tT
1-^-
35
1^018
f^ /^
lUM-T-19. 873
iij
t^ n^ 35
Kii^
K-0'
7'r
^^16:511,
167b,
18.tG,
I,
4' 7,
294,
184j,
816-
840A.
828,
831 A,
11
A.
I
8:59a,
I
S.
to 826
i
{h #
Ai^m m i^ E 8S0
M # S E S80
# -t GrA
-2^
W] 776
641,
812a,
f*
J,
fi"
5-
m^
5^ -H
Xi]
542A, 776
^t163c
it 167A
B^ 850
!)o(;a
fp
;^^
HI
706b,
C,
812a
1^
Jr.
706b,
c,
812a
italli6;!c
I,
J,
1^
828;
831 A, B, 839A,
840A,
-^
1U8
foj
S.
frg
tr 184k, 302a,
S.
393.
PT
;^
468,
481^,
185a
128 to 149
KHi^
^82S
I
M W-
tMf^-'543A
g| 595a, b,
5'.t6,
597, 597A,
628,
711c
1
ft 310
^ -^ f^ S M
fli
-fe
'?'^A
.oil"
86, S9,
.-jA,
r^
M m -A
xxxii
IS 879.\
fi&rM]3:^E879A
A i^
S826
F^];^57
liE
to 394
m m 80
yiA
'|V8'0S
3*82, 89
384a, b, 456,
S.
376
OF CHINESE CHARACTERS.
Kua*
1P*;*:Bi674
mfst^a-m 776a
Kuan'
'iV
@ffl82
^ 87. 87a,
^ 91
b, c. 717.
S59
788
B7'J9
18-ic, s.
JoJ
it 258
,!i5
3c
tl'
184a
2.-.8
* ^ ^ 87a
161
B5S54ri
SX
PU aj
S.
* ^ 95
'-Ji
Si
ili
276, 421, S.
104D
S S 1^ 88
S * ^ 1^ !* 234
S ii ? IS ! |& 86
g R m t^mmsd
3^ ?^ K ^ ^ *g nt ^ 94
5Bf
?li
ift*n"'92
8.-.0,
il
S^^ ^
f^mn^i
;^ ee
p.?
8.-,!)
B 85, 984
85lA
Jf.
ft 842
ISIE838,
a*
I
IS nf 1^
aJil^l818
fBH74A
844
3HflI
35t
*SI
J2-
'U
8T4
a8li4t^874
ig}
92
SB 'K !* 3H7A
Hi -li :!^ 72
a&
mm^M m ik
iiarr
ruf
39.-,a
ai
iF
ig f? 90
M.mf&mf^m
S #t E ^ ^^ 276,
Ji859
M-^909
I-
^ m
p}\
m
S
1.
iEt)^818
ia
Sf
^m^^mmmm
BK517.
^j^ -,8.859
.flt^S.
if5
3i tS 5?
9C1
l|t
8.5;
102 to 102a
S.
mikJi^^x%^mm 232
s
709, 711
m$k%^M1^ 224
%\]:k&. 819a
ijf
il 124. 664a,
& "07
r/]
'U
^m
%<>,)&
'It
?5f
m^
.a nr iS
^Jt
m 91
'.:<
f ssa
KH2H9
Kn
fill
gi i\ 10711. 172,
269
Kt^c.'.*
WW
KHfilJ26
d iE
2t;'j
ft ;^ E 9
8E i3c
mM
269
f'T
l>il
(U
la
*0 849
jUjE^IUHa
81
AnsiuiiA
xxxni
(>52
tJ ff^ ffl
ft 90
420b
INDEX
f^
i
fg
I
.f>
*t
fSC
f^ B- 737
.un?-
t& t4 #c 737
i^
^ 737
"fi-
XK^^
fl ^ 95,
i5f
.Hft
J&
267
PJi
l^^80
m m 783
P f^ 783
mf^ ^
P.
12a,
^ffrtr*
f>]
S.
763
"11 A
H 656a,
m 430
(-,71
6.-9,
fM r^
355
m 14
788A
189
859. 909
fS"^
661,
pfT
fsim#fa'rr;7i
to 826
^- ?2.5
Kuan'
*|
345a. 812a
jfif
'^
'^m
Mi
'09
S. 771
SM771
M f4 830\
Kiiang^
im
383
f4;^
# 376b, 934
# # IE Ji 934
r.
i?nt
52
^|i '91
I
^m^ma
^ 460, 989
Kiiang'*
Si5
rO 77
fiiif
8:.o
t^
Jj 909
270
^ 766B
Kuei'
B ft
Mii ^i;
Pit
769
fS
fj]
464
74.-,c, 89;
^*^
621B
M f4
Kuei'
598,
'99,
Kuei'
S t
nA
I
:^C
!>29
if
j
^^^^:
if.
SSC
621,
^^
605,
604,
606,
607,
771,
mm'-^ m
770A
771A
713a, 710
^ 622
cfi Ife ^I 726
it 14 61
8b, 786a
K'uei'
II 330, 331
.^- S.
pjt
K'un'
m 877a
[
xxxiv
805
839a
ff]
465c, 542a,
n]
^#
608.
766b
mmMm
^^cmn9
^ 20, 21, 22, 23, 27a, 873, 877a,
ii 629 b
P^
S. 652p,
t587
776.
^j i65c, 776,
776 a
944,
OF CHINESE CHAKACTERS.
^n
i'73
INDEX
Lang^
tfJ
76.
Lao^
^ SI ^ 950b
I
5^55
Leng^
Jt
m 934
Li^
?S;
S.
14
825 to 826
^H^m
979
LP
Sl&^271
^11271
^^491,940
^
m
|5]
$n 849
fJ)
495
S] A 979a, 897
m f^ 585
771
fb m %
pJi
PbT
826
ai
f^J
Iff
|5]
849a
849
M 545, 790
^ 67, 545
*: S] S 897
"g-
^ ii ^J 8 49 A
^ ^ 849, 894
^ ^ 771a, 790
iBl
?^
*^ IE
[5l
*n 849
^ F^
r^-
%\
'')85
384
S.
i^i41
376 to 394
jl
^ SI 393
OF CHINESE CHARACTKKS.
Liao*
INDEX
Lou^
Ji
IfS
If 231
^ M 786A
i iV
mmA
i^
300, 484
^ H 1^ H
S.
369A
^i^749
Lou*
1^ ^"184j, 185e, g, h,
I
I, J,
K, L, 220,
221,
i^ ^ -r
mmm. 701
S.
702
222,
434,
436J, 702
*tE7?c#^^
/Jv
W^^
708
Luan^
A ^ 708
# ^ 103d
ffi
^ If 822
^ ^ ^ 621a, 713,
mmi^
I
71(;
I
X:^I4 716
.^:E 1=^716
?i:K- 1^716
111
^ ft 109, 942
fi^
1^
111
r) 113
^ ^ 109, 942
m:^'r^^711
Lun^
^;^S.f;^716
ffl5
274,
b, S.
420
ffl?
^ f 436
* ^ tm 1^ ;& tp ^ I&
fflJt^^
ji /X *
e
;;'^
S.
.^ 71lA, 716
128 to 149, 420a
E S. 128 to 149,
W-:^^^ 708, 712
^I?:^^^712
5:
5iJ :A:
^ ^ 14
I
820
mmmf^ 585
Lung^
420a
gg,
^B
m
-f:iM^^.^7i5D
LU^
S^749
#^
^ Pi 656A
M:^:^
i
629b
185g; S, 436a
&tS^^789
^^1^720
11 461a
Met 439
i5(|f758K
731
ik B] 477
XM^io
^
^ P^ If 78fiA
^m
^Jk ti2lA,
.1
786
I
XXXVl ii
5*c
680, 706c
p)i758D.
OF CHINESE CHARACTERS.
H^
g 680,
704, 705
INDEX
Min^
$a St
It
i^ 1^
79(;c,
822
ifc
766c
s 755
H 3^8.-7150
gc
iii
i^
(^- 7.-.4,
o]
^4^71^219
#;lifl*219
^:^
807
.754,
'Aixm
807
l^m^
!5 S. 128 to 149
3^349
Iff.
14-
811a, 831b,
S.
219 to 219A
&9.J9
Min^
^ gk M
nf-
H ^ it 1^17
mmm
# i J^ S
>-^-->
S. 8r,9A
Mino-^
^
\
lit
III
573
M^T^
r)2.">A,
# -t n
829B
#^>S783
m m
9"'7
12;-),
382b,
^ IS i^
S. S7(; to
:}:)4
125
Moif
II : f^ 1851,
(J99, S.
Mu
mmm^
579
Mii^
S. .i2P-B
807
436c
(Mo)^
6*J7
OF CHINESE CHARACTERS.
f^
INDEX
A
I
^tU^
pn 617B,
770D
nu
^3^-t
770
m^
770
?J\
n
nu
^^ ^ 598,
600, 770,
770b
o
no
I
^^;f769
S] 468
1^
IS.
fi
299
945
239
ar
1^
lit
K]
jg77
481, 766
ji :^ 86, 89
n M 90
^41
#770
Fj 520
53^
m Ji ft ^
H $^ 599, 601, 602
p;i
IS:
^^^
413A
'g-
fili
A-'^.t
620
1^e, X.
915
fi"
HI
!il
fi *#
951
M 1; m
m. 864
ilj^fi^SoOB
^ K 582a, 631
Nil'
^^578
I
K:^
J5 3K
^ ,g ^ /> fl ^ 578
^ m ^ ^h fi -^ 578
^ ^ ^ 578
^ ?0 ^ fi ^ 578
? M ia ^ .^ 618, 619, 619 a
I,
629a
628,
752a,
752f,
f.
796, 800
Pai^
/J>
^J
f^ 915a
% ML
-\-
tft
0^(2)
Pai'
nn^^
m. ee E*
f(5
437A
124
See Ao'
P'ai^
^|656b,
^k
mm^si.m.'^
652b
f,
^ 661,
711a
t;79,
1^
654a
^7f
A m 718
Silo
^ ^h ^ .^ 717A
K15
filj
SJI /J>
P'ai*
M^Jtii
it 7i2
'B'
*t
^ *r
S.
551b
Pan^
?i 99, 713
/j^
iSi
422a,
^ ^ 579
m M '# ^ ^ 717A
m 717
lift
704, 705
'r7iiA
iij tf]
^918
30f'
xlii
122
OP CHINESE CHARACTERS.
Pao (Po)'
Pan*
#*
I
61SB
'J'
fi :^ 679
gg Kl
iff
^ 726A
Mi
'B
423b. 618a.
'1t
Til
It S82
>li
'^6:.tA
i|i
;^
mn
15.
r>23,
635c
Pao'
1%
5L'.-.n
jff
Ua
^ 427,
343A
S.
424
^ I62A
^C 6] 461 A
nxn^^&-
1''2
"'75
?^
# 54
% 984
Paiiii'
W
I
-j^t
11:953
np 30S
^ 1? ff 308
^ 308
fr i^ 308
-it
Fj <60a
Pao*
fti
^?!l-'9B
5 J :^
III
J: tr ;^ i^^'R
?!E
f* SS 99
^^435c
J93,
P'ao*
878
et
!
A E 243
t >
:^
87yA, 907,
fli.
S.
S.
$fi
yg
ffll
J^.
007
758
H-",,
|! S.
It
ttl
ar
life
S.
iqfe
\^:k
666 a,
k, 65;*,
67o, 714
:!<>
820, 82t;
M'5 'u
x'Z6
i*i),ua'ir67o
2111 ''30
ir 70(;a
IV-i'
I'an-'
<;2'.k;
xi.ii
652E
6H6
^ 850
373
r^m!tm&,
S. 3(i9A,
iS 737, 746
746
<i8o
JIS
l^jj
18. 27a,
-f-
19,
-J
7 A.
863. S73
873
INDEX
Pei^
OF CHINESE dHARACTERS.
m^
Ag 162a
^ S.
3;^.")
^^
1.-.4A
ti]
44(-
'ir
S'l'.l
SOOu,
to
Wis
o'.iSc. (i^'.ic
m 21(A
A7j
Ks:.M, 130b,
8.v.
f4 700, S. 4:56c
373
;]!?
S.
ii'f
372
iil
if
Ji.J
4>'fi
14 34 A
1
Pit
li52
JPJ406
*^
fit
404a
4H(r
Fj 40(;a
'712
m
i
j^
f$ i^ 7,s2A
*ifS22
li]
4*j(;
ff S16a. 822
E817.
84:.A
rieu^
;.1 p^5
7.-.8E
I'i
INDEX
^ m g 615
374a
M
m m ioo
ii ^ ^f 550A
|iF
252, 618b,
f4-
623a
Z^AA^ 27A
AA^mm^2^
AA5>mm
m rv
mjikm
^22
826
825
m W 799
:f:
H^ 727, 799
797
m
^mmm a
'^ ^ II ^f n 798
"fWM
'^
^if
:^^783,
aWS
797, 801a
736,
124
m 754
m 656a,
f/|5
soo
S.
6o2b
706
lit
^ 430
ife
n f^ ^ 714
701
m 892
^277,820
882
f^ IE
I
^^^
iE 384A,
S.
P,
B74A,
376 to 396
P'U^
#31
I
t5:W574
^ 622, 625
MmJEmiX
ii
m.mmB.
7I3a
625
ii^SlJ IXA713A
i
14-
828
Jii fli
OF CHINESE CHARACTERS.
San'
Sfc
I
Si--'
1854
t<.
7:.3
San*
lit
m.
737
INDEX
Sliang^
m J^ M 790
111^127
*ic
.
*fc
^
^
f!]i:^936B
S] Hi
fi]M349
S.
90
I
H 5^ 97,
718
ffe
659a
ffi
376
^929
-^959
658
gt 659a, 857
Pjl"
m m m ss
^ H ^ 73B, 742a-
656b,
S.
f, 706,
'j^-
753
^ 706b,
ffl
f^:
934
^ 333a
90
S.
S] .d 415
^1^932
706b,
c, S.
753
812a,
C,
S.
75S
^ 91
>^
IF.
2^
filj
Shen^
91,570
91
3^ 845
1^91
m m 91
^ 276, 27S,
mmn
585
m^
223
S.
S.
fiR
977
753
S.
236,
^ ^j ^
f*.
S.
23Ga
240
m^imm^- 2'
^ 929
i m S- 279
659a
Sr 793
ffi :}^
216,
li
1^ Fj gl
ft
m M 512
8# IE 91, 570
Jit
9ll
J^iif^912A
217.
937a, 940,
m ^ 733,
m 79C
740
^^-390
^^--JE39l
m^^'^ 391
fH-
^ 431, 805
ff 1^ 374a,
93:^,
S. 58,
934,
!>35,
936b,
59
S. 127,
551b
^14 541
812 a
'p;
f& 857
mm
ti 943
^J
1*943
HsM^
fillj943
FT]
;S;
412a
444
:i: S.
tr
'^J
S.
702
ff]
623B, 788 B
702
Ti]
nK 438
ff]
^ 460
^IJ
'n
935
xlviii
OF CRIXKSE CHARACTERS.
^
i
tij ^nf
)9f 7.-.8R.
s. i'21
^ff398
ShO'll'
mm n]Rl
Shrno'
i\ C,29a. !)60
INDEX
^E
185,
75(1, s.
i.s:>A
2(;s
ffl
i^
-r-
pfT
-71,
i|t
^ Tr
771a
9^ y4(;
573
Sf^
SI lO*
?;E>i*,
912
SI ion
i:{'.),
S."
Ig
OF CHINESE CHARACTERS
mm
iKdex
^ ^ f^ 825 to 826
m p1 267
^ ic E 242
S.
pT]
3^
^n 656b
ti
*^
18.-)L,
432b,
;^^
S.
128 to 149
Tiff
PJi
758b
gl] S.
SliLm=*
mU^
27a. 126
Hi
7|c si:
aE 41
;fif
43fij
BE 845
89
f
^ 79
i^ 794
ife
S.
it
-78
iS^ilf
573c
m t 74
^. 937
3^rtJM^^7'j(;
m m 37A
PI 857
Shiio^
i^
850
U 937
So^
S. 3(>8a
p)t )S34,
:^ 221, 374a.
52;}, :,27a,
767
fj^_
77, 298,
It
'B'
304,
89
384a, b, 456,
S.
376 to 396
<'<i9
XK 571A
^ 939
jl
g* fr 933
ff 428
fS
IJ f4 42SA, 608b
# Di 933
'i-^
^^
Pi]
275,
,{10
]85g, h,
S.
I,
J.
K, L.
294,
#940
^ -^ a 940
^ # ^^ 940
m. # 936B
r^792
&231
flpll
77, 82,
'J6,
-X 89
4G0A
iiC8o7
HE
^M
m:^^
iiiH,
81.-.
577b,
fn
m)
6."i0,
779,
712,
780.
781,
812A, 828
i29
i>73c
^mw
^-
849, !)3C
^932
4oi,
43r,j
432a,
701
m t 74
I$:g88
933
623j^ tosu
zjj:
229,
812A
0U4C
[
lii
M] JU S. 432
639A,
(.72,
(i94,
674
709,
713A,
OF CHINESE CHARACTERS.
mnt
*''
s] i5
INDBl
^!f.y'f|i875, 918
fi
!|0
333a
g.
:^ li if
US 914a
r|i
7^ 821
ttJ
If 929
]p:656c
Ta^
^W E
i&
fK
sm 745B
a'J
% ^ 849,
793
^
^M
S.
:;'C
ll
:^
ffC S.
;g;
J^25
573A
:;i flfx
55
*S825
S.
752A
IfcS.
412A
^^
to f'
# # 929
^^S. 13^
S.
1^
S.
s.
240
752a
to
it
it*
845
944a
^n 934
^
f: 3^ 936
^^
793
ift S.
Ta*
S.
^ 848
SU fa 848
573b
^850
^ (a 278
M li 7U
m <& 793
M 937A
^fi
fi=
A935
928
S.
S.
^ i^ 210B
!|f
(;59A
-?
ii;
^
]^ ^
mm
Wi
^1^594
658
'fil
S.
H 325
g^
jgs. 79 6A
#.
131
S.
856
f6 933
376
793
5^
f|g[
ft
S.
M n o42A
S.
752A
to
629c
g-^929
^W85lA
!^
ISl
?&P
ik
& fS
273
>^.
la 93GB
11^
S.
829
^:fc829
gi^850
192
# 629b
^ Ig 856B
51 # 215, 921,
210
31 #
ttH
y. 131
11
^S
S.
131
!l'll
>h
^EJC
851
^ 851 A
Jl
^ifi929
JKMSoO,
9:')7a
JlfiP
S.
#/i?ip216
K21oA, 937a
5M5c 759b, S. 215A
m^JiEm
412a
1^^937
[
liv
21
6A
OF CHINESE CHARACTERS.
:k
ssi;
INDEX
jkJjif^ 5.223
I
^.913
m ^ S.
# m 203
1^11203
q^ 12,943
I-
T'ai^
1^
If:
^
^ 850
:fc IS:
7-
?fc
943
fe 943
^ XU 9-t3
^ ^M* 943
943
^
943
?
226 to 227
#.848
S.
^
^ 333a
^ ^ 521
m m m 947
192, 225
it ^^
848
/J? if.
'J? 615
T'ai*
Tan^
;*:
^ 0] 382, o70
^' # 376b, 933
933
f; ^ xE
933
'M # ^"
m 3i
*{
il T
?iP
m
^ 950a
761
Ti
T'an^
ilP
E=
55
^ B M
943
.#
S.
75
r.08
^.629C
412, 959
^ 959
Tano;^
a- -^
1* JE
i^-
239,
239a
I
3^
S. 236, 23fiA
I
^ 235
^ ^ 233, 234, 235, 236, 236a
^^
,g
W]i55
497
S.
Tang*
mntiun 2:^6A
^ ^ '^ li 235
It
^ 934
^ # 417, 936B
m^iEm 9;^6b
936b
^#
t-;
:!?
T'angIgli]?&?^^-^621A,
^^
JJ^P
1*943
69,
76,
116,
492a, S. 108
I
fii|r943
^ 200b,
gj
3^
S.
193c to 200c
S. 226,
t304
SP 11 76
Ellii-5^76
Jg764
227
[
l^i
S.
786
167B
288,
334,
377,
OF CHINESE CHARACTERS.
Tao'
* IS JS- 62,
>b- fft JSJ
838, 838a
g 213, 815,
iE573B
IE
If]
S.
'B*
:^
W ^-
:^j
iS5
-t
:n U?
.^'J
573b
IE e] ig ^E 573b
IE 5]
ft
fiij
5P IE
S.
57SB
^j
"3
SI
f^ 525,
7.iO
'60a, 7iiiA
.-^-.A,
526
W 932
573b, S. 673b
id^k
ifr
ii6-.8
IS 758,
'g"34U
M 838, S44
'<iB
pfi
'--t
'jimn^m
^ 57:m
l.^
525b, SoGb
:^
fC 573b
764
K 765A
5?
|j5
fS EH 3$ 90A
Tr-'
960
UE S. 2
- A S. 659c
-#177
m 247
3a71lA
(^
~|S!184F
H it
^1
1 Pi 5S7
*l<fi'l8
^f 311
I
^"^TK?!^^
ttS
21SA,
2l'.lA
z:#178
?*;^
gs.
^a 248
Z^S
711A
'84f
fia
n y 218a, 219a
<;5;{
=. 13 249
1-8 to 149
SS.
184F
H ^ 218a.
Tc-ng'
gE
ra
jia:
ft BR 045
fi-
f,;
SB
-^72
ff ;^.
PI Jd
250
HH1S4F
95<;
218a
'-'15
E, 906, yi2
gy 272
mA
103B
JStt272
IS 41 835 a
B5 13
I
Ti'
j| It
I
-89
*M1f
W
ft
"H
^k
ti]
932
[
Ivii
loiH
I
788a, KIO,
810. H26A.
H3(i,
831v
830n,831,
INDEX'
^mm
Tieh^
829
m m m 809, 827,
m S] 809, 82(5a, 828, 828a
>
I^E
906.912
m m 827
^
457, 776
T'ieh^
5^11457, 778
^749
M 750
'^
1.52.
781,
369a, 873,
m^
$M
782,
4.58,
6.54a, 697,
(154,
812a,
818,
S.
523b
If :^ PV;<
b,
756,
756f,
?t&
Tl if 797
^ i^ 827, 827a
I
>^^K827a
I
^ nt
!# 392
^mn
^XM
798
I
843
I
g^ 162a,
^M.
3E -n
371,
371A
S.
373
S.
420b
177a, 183,532
436D
S. 422,
f:^?ts-iu9
'ilSA,
%\]
413a
380
^46
f^85lA
^ 940
(1 1^
S.
fi 202.
376 to 394
22(1,
384A, B,
jS
m 202, 220,
ill
766a, b, 857
S.
412a, 413A,
376 to 394
Ji W] 495
JtS.TlA
P;f4 83U^
514,
766b
!E,^
-g-
5] 449, 766
i^^
514,
851B
Tien^
uao
IS:
eC
788
Pit
g ^ 161,
^ f^ 699,
fi
M-t82
g^l^.
UM
Tiao*
I
5S
Sf
f& 1=
5^r#103D
Jk ^^4-422,
t-
1?&^.^785
J^ 1^787, 788
Tien'
750, 750a,
749,
80(iB
Fj 783
St^
*82
-t<>lA,
m^Bi^.^
98-t
I
Iriii
104a
'I'^S.
]
75
OF CHINESE CHARACTERS.
R2 -^ 628,
f.-.ic
INDEX
^ Wi 982
Tsai^
II
m^Q
m IS
131
^ 873a, 875
285 A,
275,
,^g
't
^^mi^^.tmu
658, 659,
tt
2p 93.
Ts'a?
-^.
^ 349a, 932a,
^ ^ 568, 621a
ik
jEiC
JiC
-&
P/(
jfe
i^
S.
286, 341A,
m -t 526
m 'f 822, 369A, 42UB, 435
m It 526, 822
S.
374A
iC:5(
S. Sl>5
712
to 149
431
825 to 82C
m =t ^ 371
Ik & m it
370
J^ W ^
to 826
:;^
PJi
Ts'an^
Ts'ai^
J$ iK
2S^ /t?
^ ^ PI
mM
501, S. 584
fj\
617b, 770D
14 601, 602
Tsan*
m m 857
I
Tsang^
m t 382b
m B 79, 382b, 391,
S. 37r)
to 394
!S 456
DOti
Tsang*
Ts'an^
\\%
m 3 915
752a, 800
Sp26, 851a
if 'f 663
Ui^^^.
S.
722,
"41, 874
vryk 129A
A916
flt
474
Tsai''
I? ?K
-g-
?t^H99
^*3-627
fl^752A
Ix
[
OF CHINE6K CHARACTKKS.
Ts'ang'
INDEX
/fens
573B
%^
573a
SlJ
Um^
5.1S,
fi.
TS'O"
208,
735,
7;8,
79'.).
8'.)3,
Tsou*
tf "58
%
E ^t ^ 798
ai.
% 835a
^ 835a
208a
755,
f' '55
# 573a
# IP 279
IB:
Stf
Ig 105
^982
^ 14
S.
436D
Tsiiaii^
^^ 216
_^ 857
# li 283
^ ^ 805,
^
S.
907
461a,
458
S.
IE 58
m A GO
t?
lis
?t
^
^n
S.
fe
^^
& 20 7 A
"38
Tsui^
749
23(i
^d
851b,
8.'>3a,
PJi
514a'
Tr--'
S Ul
J|85IB,
858,
85SA
86, 89
It 210
Ts'ui^
Tso*
4fe
^819A
mn
'565
*! li
^#
5i>5
3(;"9a,
825 to
Tsiin^
826
I
miS?i788
mm^}^
[
Ixii
i'8i
OF CHINKSK CJiARACTERS.
mm
Ts'uir
222. 7(i2
^ 222
^ ^ 7o3a,
^ r t
^J ^ ^ 520
^I m
^ It ^ 520
JK
# * * ^ 621b, (>27a
?e
8.
fl?.
222
72
-^20
Jfj
jE "'^
''.
^.
jE d?
62
je
S.
'.(r tjfi
s.
.-.8,
ip:
50
668
m tC 673
^ ^^
;|$
"B"
675
mt
^ 717
\ 60.
'g-
"'<>
"':^5,
755
mt^\l:k^ 819A
Gl
/^/^56
-^ n:
J|^
:^
^5
163, 535
780
5^207
;^ 35a
^792
fg 933, S. 57
^ 39, 2I.-.A,.21SA,
21'.tA,
759, 944
^;C
2()8
-"'20
^ 772,
^^'..44
S. 771
fg ig 79(;a S. 825 to
717a
^^ '^31
W ^ ^g
-ti'S
877a. 878
siiiur
"ff
13!
i&
7!'2
;"^
'If
^ \Mnm
as.
751
;^93a
?;^
77
/<\s. 7G
7<i6
'7?
4^ t
;'^
15 S. f,51n
ff f;53
^tH'^mV'it: ATI
HE
ft
82(;
*fS.479
625A
itt^-917
SK S. 551b
124
CiiyS^s. ni
I
m^f[
K iJ
Si
ff i; S* f K
V 1R rt 790
X 783
102
'!P :*;
252. 712
-ft-
252, 51 4
fJ]
Ix
iii
tff
fi'j
f* 62
JE f* "I
INDEX
l&S
188,
ill,
574,
632,
654a,
754,
OF CHINKSE CHARACTERS.
'p
111
"B J*
?ft
^ :^
*?
;^
m^n
Pi
s:$5
.;! {jE
iw ft
Si;
!^.
'520
ia^
^ J* Ig
Ii?.
m^^
831
:^"5yA
'^^
'I^
US 732c
JiU lei
tft"'21
7r)2A to F
1^4 S.
j^ 213
ill
r,53,
! s- 821
-&
2^2
899
20(!'
R
^n
??5
242. 369,
m
m
4.-. I
^^211,S2G
tK
^ S20D
R]
7.->2c.
F5
5.->3
849
*g
822A
?}\
^9:^
li3!i*g-0Gi
lir
800
3S tt
M 27S
m fg 220
M 'U
7.i(i.
761
S-
tft
It 719. :
Bt
lit \.
755,
.<?97,
mt
'p
898
11
'*"'
ESf u]
80
iW
IJe.
2it7
8:i.v
tf t^
^'^
fiS
.*]
ffi fir
'
i^
837
li.'S
822
^|J]80S
5t
(^'-.G,
822
")
fiE
932,
808
II an 984
:^ Vd
fel
6'J.-.A
JSnl!-34l
2ifi&48.5,
>,;ii
if\ ^?f
1^
:ii
90.;
ff
fiU
f41
*?
167IJ
69.5
<;.i4A
654,
^ 2 ^H07,
corf
ivi fi3-'
yk'X^
.9.->A
fj^
III
;ii|
vft
W'
:>c
(a 84.->A
* is
P^
'II
vl
m^9i
?a %
ff
ifi
MH
-n, 89
;A: {5.
817, 8^:iA
m
I
i-^v
fif^^
T'li^
^c IS G95A
861
ff;f8(ii
932a
iVi374A
I'lr
-ii?
79::c,
346b,
Jft
4.
pa IS 836
AS i
^
m^
% 2f
%mmmm^
itt
-^ ^^ 102,
-X
* 827A
m 7h n ai n 849a
394
INDEX
iJ H
-if
SB 870
OF CHINESE CHARACTERS.
S
^
5S3,
r,25,
850A.
8:.2,
849a,
g|
^ 945
182,
g'
S. 186,
^ S-t9A
K 1^ ntl* 165A
Kl5Jg^Jtl73
^ ;k Ei 820b
$ 778. 779, 781
3^ ;^
^#IW2.57
^ P f^ 253
1^
SJcl^^lUiesA
J5c
302,
369a
405,
423a,
:>35,
K805
3
I
fl 835A
X at 311, 930a
ffimf^430
X^Oiii
=^
4-11
940
I
5: -^ d?
9 o
S^629
iH 7C
iSiT
-H ^49
?S
fSj
S.
137a
?S
g'li
S.
137
Tzii*
ir.l,
470,
f&
If 525A,
f6
USE
^25A, B, 526
162, 347,
796B,
4S9,
454,
36^^38.-.,
f^ 108, 431,
fS 3?
J*i!
4.361
I
Ui
SI-
iK 504a
Jl|
If'-'-D,
429
I
IS
128to 129
ii
984
^ (^
^fi
1!^
S.09
l/ii^JE?, 1.^4u, S.
I
944
^1^948
/J2 rag S.
756
B,
626
27
i-S^fi0cS26
fft J> ?^ -IT 525A
f&^M526
f6
^ m 518,
HJf
527A
Tz'ir
M^
fflFj.^'59
^
M
'i^
i 5>
-r?
f^.
&
SB
;:]
tt:
s;
R-'^
Si
g^ ?!
S.
l^>^j555
tt
552
ii]
376a, 381
.S.
376 to 394
376
193c to 200c
ffK376
4SH77
Izir
Tzii'
ItJ^ F^164,
16-.A, 167
\-
i i
^658
li]
;li
851, 866
INDEX
Wei^
BiJ^738
'
I
m 97, 718
ii
1^88
'^850
^1498
^-
^mm^
m=fB.
# P ^ 5i^ la ^
M M 799
mm^ B m 89
fl
7520
f-B
^
^
Si5
f^
:^s:
E.
1^734
,fu
128 to 129
^-
-ff]
82
M^W-^ 799
ffl958
735
m 735
^ riK^89, 94,94a
m ^ w- m 89
277, 305c
-t * ;^ S 277, ,305d
S.
f?f
^mm
274,
^*jrR-ti^;^.B
259
^ la i^ ^ 100
^ ^ 76, 104D, 493, 495a
^ m m ^ 728, 746
gffiia752H
It]
ff]
Wan'
^ Sr ^ 14 618a
^ ^4 577, 605, 619A, 620,
90
-t
>
EI)
?^ :^ :^ 725
filj
620
812a,
'>70, S.
Wan^
^.
f? -t 773b
* A 965
^ ^ 680, 704, 705
?;!
^fll^Dt587
la
'#|gl
m J^
AVei*
S- 't 790a
BS
m 834
^ 70211
I
:R:g:702
Wang"^
3 13, 16, 17, 41, 4lA, 305, 863a, 873,
"t
'^m^r\
495
^3^97
:^B305
^ J^ 510A, 859
^42
@ 702
^ 504B
^<
:^fl
'Jt
709
n5c
346a,
:^
IE 't 648
S] 346
8'40a, S. 427,
436H
^fiiii
Wei^
H m 748, 897
^ IE a 1^748
I
^Slja^748
mm ^7^8
Wen^
XM
^
^^
'g"
OP CHINESE CHARACTERS.
jpf S.
368a
^ !
80.5a
VS.
Jifl
iJ]
778, 824
335
^;^*5S7
581, 6o2i.:
Iffi
*^
-T 967
gp945
m ^ JE
'6'
860
^J 754
33-
Fl 754
lA
ff
7(3fiB
Ig
62.-,
754
827A
f^ G52, 755, 7G6B, 782, 812a, 810 a
^ 504A, 80oA
A 525a, 525b, 526
INDEX
Ii2il84]
Ya^
ffi
I
^ ;^ ft 835A
^ H ^ 835A
If]
S.
279
^fa S.
132
0]
m:k^ 835A
H il ^ 835A
M ii ^J 849
Yang'^
# ^ M 832, 859,
I
S.
832
Wm^
^^.^822
Yano-^
ii ^J 849A
i^
^ 835A
B ;^
I
-^
W:E732
>t> IS;
369
^ Fj 818
B818
^y^:
86
849
^^ . S. 369
818
l^ m. M 818,
^ *S m 369A
^ l ;^ 835A
Yao=
|g
14-
S.
S.
007, G08
il
fg?
Jl fS
5^
^ H ^ 430
i^
788a
mm t^
"b-
206
}i]f
pji
alj
i 835a
il 0]
^ ^J 835a
JE H]
il-
IP]
835A
911
Yen^
Yen^
mi^m (W fV 835A
mmik 835
Yeh^
pji
115
PJT
^jl
Yao^
^ US- 944a
240
m. #
S.
iM.'^^^mmt
I
593
^5736
mm
lM^P'^fI.850
I
^ it 841,
m:^i^
g5( ^y>
55
Yen*
835A
m M 268
1^ 369A, S. 369a
IJC
835
^835B
S.
p/l
S.
835c
^^Jti835B
J5C :yv
B 927, 970
ij- 115
338
Yin^
^0
M.
M 835a
S.
841
It
835a
I
Ixx
PI/
J|i
^02lB
IE
m ^73b
Pi JP
]
'g'
860
OF CHINESE CHARACTERS.
liir
INDEX
fK 1^
I
E S. 128 to 149
;'^
Yii-^
m#788
;f*
lU S. 99
Yii^
>^mm
^ I& ^ ii 124
573A
JE 573b
^ 282
m m 573a
^ 227, 227A
^ ^ 573b
ig ^ 573b
K H 573A
WMlk
209,
209A
89/?,
894
m^'U 559
m BU ^ MI^I 735
m^"^ 755
:^ 798
m ii6
# S 573 a
f# E 280
-0
5fi
ffi
971
5# lg 91
^ Si If 91
Bif
^f^
lOlA, 87SK
fl&f#fw99
:f^& 101, 105
^&^93
11237,238
#,^/^93a
835b,
I
Pflll9
15]
^PJiS. 56
JS i^ gP
MJI
191
W H _^ 575
glj
SlJ
^S.
18^56
796a
ifi.^206
^/^94a
mm ^2
#?&216
.^857
:B
Hfl
S.
907
^ JE59
^ A61
[5
?t
^J
tSlJ
ife
mmjrn
\i]
ffl
S.
B. ^^
76, 104D,
H ga
il 90
95
WA
7C
575
447
mW^ 460a
t if 5^ i^ 97D, 733,
Yii-^
756
984
Yiian^
I'
^M^
fi
207b, 820
^ 573b
^ 236a
^ m (^) ^ 575
^ ht
m ^ 805,
f
14-
284
Yiian*
^/B90
I
Ixxii
SIJ90
]
741
OF ^-HINESE CHARACTERS.
1^
1
as.
128 to 149
2:56,
236A
f$
2.S.5,
S.
1& 575
128 to
SOURCES OF INFORMATION.
"
Baranoff (Captain of Cavalry of the Zaamur District)
Barga
" "
and Khalkha
Researches in Manchima and Mongoha ";
:
By
A. A. Batorsky
"Short
Statistical
Military,
and Descriptive
Researches
vStatistical
in
"Confucianism
Peking):
Legation,
Descendant
of ("onfucius,
in-
K'ung Ling-i."
1906-1907: The
St. Petersburg,
1909.
,By
"A
News"
John
of the
Zaliliaroxo
(teacher of
"
of St. Petersburg):
Manchu
8).
By
Civil
Petersburg, 1848.
"
the same author
Description of Peking" (translated. from
China."
St.
the Chinese).
Peking, 1906.
" Sketch of the Political
manuscript:
Ixxiv
Organization of China."
SOURCES OF INFORMATION.
"
and P. SUiknrkine
Landesen
A. von
Society of
(active
miMiibers of the
" Reference
Russian Orientalists"):
China";, vohmie
I,
"Section
General
of
Book
of
Information."
Harbin, 1909.
Colonial Office"
Stephan Z?/)nr^r^r :" Institutes of the Chinese
two
volumes. St. Petersljur<r,
from
the
Manchu);
(translated
1828.
Z. Matussovslii/
''
:
Mission
at
and
Pekinor)
P.
S.
Popofl"
(Senior
By
"The
Harbin,
Chinese
1!()S.
Army
Military Administra-
and
in
Manchuria,
.Organization" ("Researches
1908.
No.
issue
China"
and
Harbin,
22).
Mongolia
"
of the
Chinese
Tiie
same author
tion
By
the
Army
Troops
Ecpupment" ("ReIlsiin-fang-tui
Category;
and
in
China"; issue No.
searches
.Manchuria, Mongolia
Military
26
j.
Hiirlnn, 19()h.
1903.
Supplement, 1909.
[
Ixxv
SOURCES OF IXFORAfATION,
Colonel Piitiata:
"Armed
and
Asia"
ches in
By
issue
No. 39).
("
Statistical
Maga-
Kesear-
"China" ("Magazine
same author:
the
"
of Geographical^
"
liesearches in Asia
issue
;
A. Spitzi/nc:
Organization
"
No.
the "Messenger of Asia
(article in
]\
N. von
(First
!^liarenher(j-^]u)rlenu'r
ot
Manchuria"
October, 1909).
" Short
Lieutenant)
2,
of
:/c
mmm ^
^t
Fa"*
Ta*
Collection of
Clriug^
New Laws
Ling*
during the lleign of the Emperor
:
20 j^
Period 1901-1908).
by the
ij
ff
f^
f\-
^\l
Ts'e',
the
Edition issued
volumes.
Wu'
Shang^
Yin*
Shu^
Kuan^,
Shanghai, 1908.
iC 'M m. i^ i? Vi
Ling*
Ta"
Collection
Hsiiani
Ch'ingi
T'ung''
Hsin'
of
Fa*
Issued
27
1911).
Edition
^-
Kanks,
f?
f]
of
Jra
volumes
issued
Ts'e',
jljl
tl
iISC
by
Yu-Avei.
by
issued
]']dition
Organizatio)!
Issued
K'ang
of
the
the
Chinese,
Shanghai, 1906.
[
Ixxvi
190(5.
Administrative
second edition.
Empire
Kuang= Chih' Shu' ChiiV
;
M ^ ^
by the
OF INFORMATION.
SOL'llCES
e>( Ui M.W. ii
Chih^ Tniuii' Piao^
^- [^ fr
of CliiiKi.
^<
-X
in
(\ini]ilod
Yvi
form
<^"1'''"'
^k
Ta
tlie
#C
-f
I/? f1^
l^'fi
Sliilr-
<.'lHni_i>-'
p aj ^
Id
UJ-
Tincj*
ll.ii'
Tien^':
Dynasty (approved by
Slian-' Hsin'
riiin.!?!
Edition issued
Categories.
I.ii'
the
l)y
the 4t
liy
jjj"
Ts'e*, volumes.
Kuan^
Shu^
Ch.i^,
l)v
the
Pekin-. .1908.
Table of Officials.
by the f^
Sanctioned
Lan^ Piao'
I'
Tsuan^
L.'l'
Ch'eng-
Heo-ulations
Pci' Hsin'
<^'l''li'
Chancri
'i">^'
Rules and
U fi ^
oluines.
Five
M^
Tino-^ ITsim^
<-'li'''
of
Emperor.
l.'ino'
<
Kegnlations
Ts'c^
Collection
^ff
Ch'in'
<^'l^'i'i'
^'^'^^MU
T-T
f* llu-
ft^iililfff^
New Police
Two
New
Eni))cror, in
S;
;f^
]^
Einjieror),
^=^1
ft
1>\
19(}.
'^''^'
Cli-inu:
roliticnl ()ri>-!iiiizations
iiulicatoil
'^'''\i^'
lUm^
Kuo=^
New
of
Minister to Tokyo,
(-'liincsc
Wei'-tO",
Ch'inai
Tnl)!!'
Nos. G to 13.
-f^
ji'rt
^^
'P^o*
Pekinjr, 1909-1911.
>V
The
^^'I'ili'
Chen^* Fu^ Tsu^* Chih^
(lOvermnoMt Orjranization of China.
lOdition issued bv tiic
'^Wi^JffML'^
^^W^^UM
,'41,lit
Pei^ ("hih'
Na'
Hsin'
.l.h'
M.'i^^
;/v
'iV
Tabic
of
"il
tjie
publication
Higher
issued
foiTnerly
f^
itli
i'il
K'o'
.Shu'
Empirr,
\'M Vfl
rP
|,y
1$:
:
^?1-
\^J
Manual
)^'^
the
by
Nos.
to 5.
f^
of
the
Wu<
[
jfit
Peking,
Geography
periodical
^ A^
Tso^
liH9.
llsiiclr
of
the
Chiao^
Chinese
Third edition.
Issued by the
Kuan\
Sluinghai,! 90(5.
Vin* Shu'
Ixxvii
Lau" Piao^
1'
China.
TMi' Chi*.
}\\^ Shang'
of
Officials
SOURCES OF INFORMATION,
^M^^^'^
Cluing'
Railway Handbook.
Kuo2
Edition issued
i^ ?& 1r
T'ieh^
^^ ^ ^
by the
Shanghai, 1905.
ChuS
Cheng* Chih^ Kuan^
Fao"*
The Peking
Gazette;
Peking, 1907-1910.
Ball^ J.
Dyer
"
Avith
China."
Fourth Edition.
Betz^ Di\
Shanghai, 1903.
" Die Provinzialbehorden "
(cf infra Hauer).
.
Giles^ Hcrhert A.
By
English Dictionary."
"
"A
Chinese-
London, 1892.
1900.
ment Bank."
Be
Peking, 1908.
" The
Groot, J. J. M. {Ph. D.)
Religious System of China,
Its Ancient Forms, Evolution, History and Present Aspect.
:
with."
Volume
III
Haue?\Dr.:
"
(Book
1,
Disposal
of
th6
Dead
Leide, 1897.
"
Pekinger Zentralreigierung
(Mittheihmgen des
Seminars
Orientalischen Spracheu an der Koniglichen
Fricdrich-Wilhelms-Universitiit zu Berlin.
Jahrgang XII.
fiir
By
hai, 1902.
I'Administration," Chang-
Melanges
Jernif/an^
Ixxviii
SOURCES OK IXFOUMATIOX.
" M.
KrnncUi/:
Ixichard's
Geography
Comprehensive
of
the
Moi/ers,
JliUiani Fre/lrn'rk
Mannal
of
Chinese
Shanghai, 190H.
).
"The
Titles
Chinese (rovernnient."
categroricaliv
arraiiired
A
and
a. Play fair),
t^hanghai, 1896.
Mai/crs, S. F. (Assistant (/hinese Secretary, II.B.M's. Legation,
Peking): "List of the Higher Metropolitan and Provincial
Authorities of China."
the
((Jompiled by
Secre-
(.'hinese
of Customs, China):
(t.
"The Trade and
Administration uf the Chinese Empire."
Shanghai, 1908.
O/iuniofo:
Chinese Pronunciation Dictionarv in Pekinjr
tary,
"A
Dialect."
I*<irhcr,
K.
Fifth Edition.
"China.
J!.:
Commerce from
the
Second Edition.
/V/-y,
\.
TlieopliiJe
Tokvo, 1907.
Her
"Manuel
de
Day."
Anglais
par
Mandarine
Langiic
Chinois,
(Texte
and
London, 1901.
Recneil Ideologicpie en
.Nord
Diplomacy
History,
et
Fran(;ai3
la
M.
on
Anglais des
Langue Mandarinr du
("h.
II.
Oliver,
M.A.).
Shanghai, 1895.
fniliants, S. H'clls
Snr\ey of the
Revised edition.
\n two vohnnes.
Ixxix
Xew
York, 1904.
of China."
{^'rrrtndittion.^)
It
is
with great
{ileasjure
we
Doto,
and
by the coinliined
effort of
H.
nruiinert and V. V.
S.
Orieiitiil
Liinguage-i of St.
Petersburg Uni\er8ily, with the active and intelligent assistance of the Chinese
"Secretary of the Imperial Russian Legation at Peking.
We
list
of
works of
this kind,
enumerated by the authors in their " Sources of Information," the present volume,
in the abundance, variety and up-to-dateness of the information supplied, lias no
equal
and
modest
its
title
by no means describes
it
tlie
"
its
Present
contents
Day
in full.
Political
Organi/.ation
now
of
in the
elementary,
primary,
middle,
highei',
ptaff.
Wlien considei'ing new establishments the authors do not coniine tlieniselves to the mere emuneration of their functions and those of their sections
calliii,?
are given and, in.nvany cases, these Decrees are (luoted, either in part or in toto.
When
The
numeious
no
institutions,
light task
consequence of
"
Melanges sur rAdministration du P. Hoang, aucnn de ces deux ouvrages
d'ailleurs
I'un et I'autre sont anterieurs a la
suffisamment detaille, et
plupart des rfiformes qui out transforme les rouages du gouvernement chinois.
AuBsi ne pouvons-noua qu"accueillir avec le plus vif empressement le volumineux
ouvrage dans lequel MM. Brunnert et Hagelstrom, sous le controle de M.
[
Ixxx
avrc
(lau-
exacte
insfitdeeit
lii
i>u files
etir
iudimii-e*
peine d retrouver et
nne foule de
y a h\
il
iin
out
D^ceud.re
No.
rupse
le
mandehous
et qui M>nt
lie litres
l!tlU,
on aurait de
Nous
([Ut-
I'ao
le
on a note
fii
dun
simplement transoris
fii
chitiois.
Touwj
5.
in
Russian publication the authors and compilers liave successfully accomTheir woik
this
appears to be
iti
all
volume consists
readings, a
and
list
Imperial
.Ministries.
temples,
of authorities,
House, the
and
metropolitan
census,
governmental
other than
institutions
J'he third
miliUiry and .naval niatters.
:md .Manchuria, and the provincial jidministra-
libraries,
and colonial possessions of (Jbina while the fourth deals with such subject
despatched on spiaial missions, institutions reformeii or abolished,
tioii
as
(irFt
education,
The
errata.
otticials
titles,
titles,
book
tlie
to the majority of
present, be eager
English readers,
to
av;iil
movement
llie
'onstitutional UeforniH
<
\<
in the
dirertion nl
Imperial ("liMncbllery
the
<
onstitutional reform.
Committee of
Minibters, the
oii
Tbiis
11*13,
Provincial
and
'onrts
in
all
in
this classified
i>
I'.cfore
The
enhanced
tt-riiiiiiology will)
intrinsic
b\ the
the
fad
('binese
a Kussian trausliti-ration.
translate
and
UBefuIness of
that
the Mrikinely
mwbst
IX.NXi
University of California
*WI
4^pp
OCT Q 8 wfff
it
was borrowed.
ACILITY
AA
\503
2_
^(-/.i-:-:iii
"'HhWW
'^'h.Ml'^'fl
:;.--l'
iii!iiii;a;'