LAB MANUAL & RECORD FOR

IRRIGATION DESIGNING AND DRAWING

USING CAD TOOL

GOKARAJU RANGARAJU
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
(Autonomous)
Nizampet Road, Bachupally, Hyderabad - 500 090

MANUAL
&
WORK BOOK FOR

Name:
Subject: Roll No.:......
Year:... Branch: Sec: ...

GOKARAJU RANGARAJU
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
(Autonomous)
Nizampet Road, Bachupally, Hyderabad - 500 090
Ragging is prohibited as per the decision of the Supreme Court of India in write petition
No. (c) 656 / 1998

GOKARAJU RANGARAJU
Institute of Engineering & Technology
Hyderabad.

This is to certify that it is a bonafide record of practical work done in the

laboratory in se ester of
. year duri g the year by
Name

:...

Roll No

:...

Branch

:...

Section

:...............

Signature

Internal Examiner

Signature

Signature

Head of the Department

External Examiner

CONTENTS
S. No.

Description

Page No.

ii

Remarks /
signature

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
Following are some of the instructions regarding over all manual and subject
1. Be thorough with the subject by referring design concepts and formulas.
2. This manual consists of eight topics as per the syllabus. Of which they are divided into
two parts Part A & Part B.
3. Part A consists of both designs and drawings from the first four topics. Part B consists of
only designs.
4. Marks allocation will be decided by the Head of the Department at the time of Lab
internal & external exams.
5. All the design data obtained by the calculations to be drawn by using Q - CAD only. The
drawings are to be presented in a neat format.
6. All the units and text to be mentioned should be very specific and write visibly.
7. Some of the general commands and instructions to be followed while drawing the
drawings in Q - CAD software and also enclosed.
8. The drawings are to be enclosed at the end of each question for part A within the space
provided to you.
9. All the drawings to be drawn clearly and corresponding printouts should be neatly visible
either in A3 or A4 paper size.

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INTRODUCTION TO Q - CAD:
This section covers a brief introduction over the Q - CAD tool for drawing the designs of
hydraulic structures, some basic commands along with shortcut keys and finally the general
layout of the drawing to be enclosed at the end of each question in part A.
Introduction:
Generally Q - CAD stands for Quantum Computer Aided Drafting. Now a days, In
many ways, CAD is similar to traditional drafting. When drawing a plan or a view of an object
on a paper, you would use tools such as a ruler to draw lines. In the same lines CAD systems
offer many tools to achieve the same goal. The big advantage of a CAD system is the fact that
you can change every entity of your drawing easily after you have created it. This might be one
of the more difficult things to learn when moving from paper to CAD. When working with a
CAD system you will very often create lines that will not be on the final printout or which don't
have the correct length and need to be trimmed later. A common mistake of CAD beginners is wanting to create the final drawing right away. Never hesitate to create an auxiliary construction
if it helps you to define or verify a part of your drawing.
In a normal way, QCAD can be operated in two modes namely command mode and
normal mode.
Command Mode
In this mode, all keyboard input that is printable, goes into the command line. Use this
mode to enter commands or coordinates.
For example: we can enter line (li) to launch the line tool. If you press the Z key followed
by the A key, the letters 'za' appear in the command line as opposed to triggering the auto zoom
command.
Normal Mode
In this mode, Q Cad behaves as any other standard application. All keyboard input is
interpreted as hotkeys if specified or has no effect at all. If you press the Z key, followed by
the A key in this mode, Q Cad triggers the auto zoom command. To switch from command mode
to normal mode, press the Escape key. If there is some text in the command line input field, you
need to press Escape twice.
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Some of the most commands namely basic editing and modifying commands that are
widely used in actual practice. In a broad manner, basic editing commands are mainly used to
draw the basic commands such as line, rectangle, circle, text and ellipse etc. Similarly modifying
or editing commands are those which are quite essential for editing the basic commands. Hatch,
trim, offset, extend, mirror and rotate etc are the best examples for modify commands. Following
are list of both basic and modify commands.
Basic commands
Command

Shortcut keys

Point

Po

Line

Li

Rectangle

Re

Circle

Ci

2 point circle

C2

3 point circle

C3

Arc

Ar

3 point arc

A3

Ellipse

Ep

Single line text

Tx

Multi line text

Mt

Modify or editing commands

Command

Shortcut keys

Chamfer

Ch

Trim

Rm

Extend

xt

Multi line trim /extend

Mt

Move

Mv

mirror

Mi

scale

sz

stretch

ss

Erase

Er

Explode

ex

Some hot keys:

1. To activate command line --- press space button
2. To deactivate the current working command on the screen --- press esc
3. To recall the last entered commands---- Up and down arrows.
4. To create or open a new drawing --- press ctrl + N
5. To open any existing drawing ---- press ctrl + o
6. To save the drawing at any time of drawing ---- press ctrl + s
7. To close the current drawing ---- press ctrl + w
8. To print the current drawing or to convert into a pdf format --- press ctrl + p
9. To zoom in the drawing window --- press Zi +
10. To zoom out the drawing window ----- press Zi
11. To paste any entity with some reference point --- press ctrl + shift + v
12. To cut any entity with some reference point ---- press ctrl + shift + x
13. To copy any entity ----- press ctrl + c
NOTE:
General guidelines to complete the drawing and to submit the record
1. Read the given question thoroughly and properly to understand the given data. Once can
assume any data related to the given question if the data is insufficient.
2. Write the assumed data with neat handwriting.
3. Now one can start doing the design according to the given data in the space provided at
the end of each question.
4. After completion of design completely, one can move to the drawing part with the
available software / tool.
5. Before starting to draw the given design one should keep the following points in mind.
a. Ensure the dimensions were set to meters.
b. Set the layout and size of the paper to either A3 or A4 sheet.
c. There is no restriction to the size of the paper, but be ensure that the dimensions and
text written should be clearly visible.
d. One can start and end the drawing at any point as there is no thumb rule to draw the
drawing in a particular manner. Hence, the procedure for the drawings were not
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included in this manual. But one can get in touch with the above mentioned commands
to complete the drawing in a smooth manner.
e. Once the drawing was completed then take the print out in a visible format in the
following Performa as shown below.

EXERCISE I
SURPLUS WEIR
Design the hydraulic structure according to the given data. Assume any other data if
required. Also, draw the plan, elevation and sectional details for the same with the obtained data
and paste at the end of the question.
1. Design the surplus work of a tank having the catchment area of 35.87 sq. kilometers. It is decided to
store water in the tank to a level of +15.00 meters above mean sea level (MSL) limiting the
submersion of foreshore lands up to a level of +15.80 meters above MSL. The general ground level at
the proposed site work is +13.00 meters, and the ground level below the proposed surplus slopes off
till it reaches +11.50 meters in about of 8.00 meters distance. The tank bund has a top width of 3.75
meters at a level of +17.75 with 2: 1 side slopes on either side. The tank bunds are designed for a
saturation gradient of 4: 1 with 1.00 meter clear cover. Provision may be made to make kutcha
regulating arrangements to store water up to MWL at times of necessity. The foundations are of hard
gravel at a level of +10.00 meters near the site of work.

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EXERCISE II
SYPHON WELL DROP
Design the hydraulic structure according to the given data. Assume any other data if
required. Also, draw the plan, elevation and sectional details for the same with the obtained data
and paste at the end of the question.
1. Design a inverted syphon well drop with the following hydraulic structures.
Details on upstream for drop.
Discharge

= 0.5 cumecs

Bed width

= 1.75 meters

Bed level

= +18.00 meters

Full supply depth

= 0.75 meters

Full supply level

= +18.75 meters

Top of bank 1 meter wide at level

= +20.00 meters.

Details on downstream for drop.

Discharge

= 0.5 cumecs

Bed width

= 1.75 meters

Bed level

= +19.00 meters

Full supply depth

= 0.50 meters

Full supply level

= +19.50 meters

Top of bank 1 meter wide at level

= +20.50 meters.

For both upstream and downstream, there are one meter wide berms at ground level
inside canal section. Slopes of channel section in cutting and embankment are 1.5: 1 and 1:1
respectively. The distance between both the wells is 7.00 meters at a level of +18.50 meters which
may be assumed as the general ground level. Provide one meter wide catch drains at the end of
embankment. Good soil at foundation is available below +18.00 meters.

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EXERCISE III
CANAL DROP NOTCH TYPE
Design the hydraulic structure according to the given data. Assume any other data if
required. Also, draw the plan, elevation and sectional details for the same with the obtained data
and paste at the end of the question.
1. Design a canal drop of 1.50 meters with the following data
Details of the canal above drop.
Discharge

= 4.5 cumecs

Bed width

= 7.75 meters

Bed level

= +14.00 meters

Full supply depth

= 1.00 meters

Full supply level

= +15.00 meters

Top of bank 2.00 meter wide at level = +16.75 meters.

Half supply depth

= 0.75 meter.

Details of the canal below drop.

Discharge

= 4.5 cumecs

Bed width

= 7.75 meters

Bed level

= +12.00 meters

Full supply depth

= 2.50 meters

Full supply level

= +14.50 meters

Top of bank 2.00 meter wide at level = +15.75 meters.

The ground level at the site of work is = +14.00 meters.
Good soil is available for foundations at + 12.00 meters.

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EXERCISE IV
TANK SLUICE WITH A TOWER HEAD
Design the hydraulic structure according to the given data. Assume any other data if
required. Also, draw the plan, elevation and sectional details for the same with the obtained data
and paste at the end of the question.
1. Design a sluice taking off from a tank irrigating 150.00 hectares at 1500 duty. The tank bund through
which the sluice is taking off has a top width of 3.50 meters with 1.5 : 1 side slopes. The top level of
bank is + 45.00 and the ground level at site is +38.00 meters. Good hard soil for foundation is
available at +36.00 meters. The sill of the sluice at off take is + 37.50 meters. The maximum water
level in the tank is at +42.00 meters. The full tank level is +41.00 meters. Average low water level of
the tank is +39.50 meters. The details of the channel below the sluice are as under:
Bed level = +37.50 meters
F. S. L

= +38.00 meters

Bed width = + 1.50 meters

Side slopes 1.5 to 1 with top of bank at +40.00 meters

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EXERCISE IV
SLOPING GLACIS WEIR
Design the hydraulic structure according to the given data. Assume any other data if
required.
Design a sloping glacis weir with the following data.
High flood discharge

Average bed level of the river

8100 cumecs
=

257.00 meters

High flood level before construction of barrage =

Permissible afflux =

1.00 meter

Pond level

260.60 meters

Safe exit gradient =

1/6

Retrogression

262.20 meters

0.50 meter

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EXERCISE VI
CANAL REGULATOR
Design the hydraulic structure according to the given data. Assume any other data if
required.
1. Design a regulator cum road bridge with the following data:
Hydraulic particulars of canal upstream:
Full supply discharge =

25.5 cumecs

Bed width

17.5 meters

Bed level

+20.00 meters

F S Depth

2.50 meters

FSL

+22.50 meters

Top level of bank

+23.50 meters

The right bank is 5. 00 meters wide and left bank is 2.5 meters wide
Hydraulic particulars of canal downstream:
Full supply discharge =

15.5 cumecs

Bed width

17.5 meters

Bed level

+20.00 meters

F S Depth

2.75 meters

FSL

+22.75 meters

Top level of bank

+23.75 meters

Top widths of banks are the same as those on the upstream side. The regulator carries a
road way single lane designed for IRC: loading class A. Provide clear free board of 1.00 meter
above FSL for the road bridge. Good foundation soil is available at +19.00 meters. Assume the
ground level site as +22.50 meters

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EXERCISE VII
UNDER TUNNEL
Design the hydraulic structure according to the given data. Assume any other data if
required.
1. Design a cross drainage work to suit the following hydraulic data:
Canal:
Discharge

20.00 cumecs

Bed width

15.00 meters

Bed level

+ 80.00 meters

Full Supply Level (FSL)

+82.50 meters

Full supply depth (FSD)

+ 2.50 meters

Ultimate bed level

+79.75 meters

Ultimate F S L

+ 83.00 meters

Velocity of flow in canal

0.55 m / sec

Average bed level of drain

+78.00 meters

Left bank top width

7.50 meters

Right bank top width =

2.50 meters

Top of bank level

+ 83.50 meters

4.5 sq. km

Drain:
Catchment area

Estimated maximum flood discharge = 40.00 cumecs

Maximum flood level of the natural drain at the site of work
Soil is hard gravel below

= +79.00 meters

+ 77.00 meters

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EXERCISE VIII
TYPE III SYPHON AQUEDUCT
Design the hydraulic structure according to the given data. Assume any other data if
required.
1. Design a cross drainage work to suit the following hydraulic particulars:
Canal :
Discharge
=
50.00 cumec
Bed width

25.00 meters

Bed level

+45.00 meters

FSL

+47.00 meters

Ultimate bed level

+44.75 meters

Ultimate F S L=

+47.50 meters

Average velocity

1.5 m / sec

Left bank top width

5.50 meters

Right bank top width =

2.50 meters

Canal side slopes are 2 : 1 for both inside & outside in embankment with a minimum cover of 1.00
meter over the hydraulic gradient
Top of canal bank

+48.50 meters

Average ground level on flanks of drain is +43.00 meters and bed level of the drain may also be
taken as +43.00 meters at the point of crossing
Drain:
Catchment area is 10.00 sq. km. The maximum computed discharge is worked out at 55.00 cumecs
using a coefficient of c = 15 in Ryves formula.
Maximum flood level of the drain at the site of crossing is +39.75 meters (observed).
Average bed level of the drain at the site of crossing is +38.00 meters
Hard soil suitable for the foundation met + 42.00 meters

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INDEX
S. No.

Description

Page No.

Introduction to Q - CAD

14

Surplus weir

5 11

Syphon well drop

12 - 18

Canal drop Notch type

19 - 25

Tank sluice with a tower head

26 - 32

Sloping glacis weir

33 39

Canal regulator

40 45

Under Tunnel

46 51

Type III syphon aqueduct

52 56