Tehnologia Ancorarii FTM 2010 1

Anchor technology
and design
Anchor technology and design

Anchor selector
Legal environment
Approvals
Base Material
Anchor design
Design examples
Corrosion
Dynamic
Resistance to fire
6 / 2010
Anchor selector
Anchor selector
Base material
Application
Fire tested
Fastening heavy loads e.g. from
columns, high racks, machines
Safety relevant fastening at facades

and ceilings where short embedment
depth is required
Fastening through in place parts e.g.

angles, tracks, channels, wooden
beams, etc.
HSA/-R/-F stud anchor
Fastening through in place parts like

wooden beams, metal sections,
columns, brackets, etc.
HSV stud anchor
HLC sleeve anchor
HAM hard sleeve anchor
Approval
Hollow brick masonry
Solid brick masonry
Aerated concrete
Anchor fastening for high loads e.g.

in steel construction and plant
construction, suitable for dynamic
loading
Lightweight concrete
Uncracked concrete
Cracked concrete
Approval for dynamic loads
Pre-stressed concrete hollow deck
Anchor type
HDA-T/ -TR/TF/-P/-PR/-PF
undercut anchor
HSL-3 heavy duty anchor
HSC-A(R) /-I(R) safety anchor
HST/-R/-HCR stud anchor
Mechanical anchor systems

Heavy duty anchors
Medium and light duty

anchors
= very suitable
Fastening through in place parts
= may be suitable per application
Temporary fastenings in concrete

(e.g. formwork), fastening in base
material of low density
Secure fastenings in various base
materials
1) redundant fastening
6 / 2010
Anchor selector
Integrated plastic section to

telescope and pull down tightly
The bolt can be retorqued
Drill bit dia.:

12 32 mm
Anchor size:
M8 M24
Automatic undercutting
Small edge distances and
spacings
Small setting depth
Quick and simple setting
operation
Setting mark
Safety wedge for certain follow
up expansion
Two setting depths
Setting mark
Extremely ductile steel for high
bending capacity
Quick and simple setting
operation
Drill bit dia.:

14 20 mm
Anchor size:
M6 M12
Drill bit dia.:
8 24 mm
Anchor size:
M8 M24

Drill bit dia.:

6 20 mm
Anchor size:
M8 M24
Drill bit dia.:
8 16 mm
Anchor size:
M8 M16
Drill bit dia.:
Short setting and removing
6,5 20 mm
operation
Anchor size:
Good loads in green concrete
M5 M16
Bridging of gaps
Drill
bit dia.:
Wings to prevent spinning in the
12
20 mm
bore hole
Thread:
Plastic cap in cone to prevent
M6 M12
dust entrance
6 / 2010
Through-fastening
80
96
108
132
144
156
160
Page
Pre-setting
Internal thread
Setting
External thread
Drill bit dia.:

20 37 mm
Anchor size:
M10 M20
Stainless steel A4 (1.4401)
Automatic undercutting
High load capacity
Approved for dynamic loads

HCR steel (1.4529)
Specification
Steel, sheradised, hot dipped galv.
Drill bit
diameter resp.
anchor size
Steel, galvanised
Advantages
166
Anchor selector
Application
Fastening channels, brackets, racks,

seating
HUS-H screw anchor

seating
HUS-P 6, HUS-I 6 screw anchor

1)

seating
HUS 6 screw anchor

1)
Fastening light channels, brackets,

interior panelling or cladding
HKD push-in anchor

1)
Fastening with threaded rods for

pipe suspensions, air ducts,
suspended ceilings
HKV push-in anchor
HUD-1 universal anchor
Various applications
HUD-L universal anchor
Various applications
Fastenings to weak material with

cavities
Fire tested
Approval
Solid brick masonry
HUS-HR screw anchor
Aerated concrete
Uncracked concrete
Base material
Cracked concrete
Anchor type

anchors
HLD light duty anchor
= very suitable
10
Fastening with threaded rods for

pipe suspensions, air ducts,
suspended ceilings
6 / 2010
Anchor selector

Screw driven straight into base

material
Forged on washer
Matched system of screw
anchor and screw driver
material
Forged on washer
material
Forged on washer
Drill bit dia.:

6 14 mm

material
Small drill bit diameter
Visual verification of full
expansion
Small setting depth
Visual verification of full
expansion
Small setting depth
Fast setting
Flexibility of screw length
An anchor for every base
material
Fast setting
An anchor for every base
material
Resilient toggling action to suit
every base material
6 / 2010
Drill bit dia.:

8 14 mm
Drill bit dia.:

6 mm
Drill bit dia.:

6 mm
Drill bit dia.:

8 25 mm
Anchor size:
M6 M20
Drill bit dia.:
8 25 mm
Anchor size:
M6 M20
Drill bit dia.:
5 14 mm
Page
Through-fastening
Pre-setting
Internal thread
Setting
External thread
HCR steel (1.4529)
Specification
Drill bit
diameter resp.
anchor size
Steel, galvanised
Advantages
168
188
202
216
222
246
250
Drill bit dia.:

6 10 mm
256
Drill bit dia.:

10 mm
260
11
Anchor selector
Fire tested
Solid brick masonry
Approval
Aerated concrete
Application
Uncracked concrete
Base material
Cracked concrete
Anchor type

anchors
HRD-U/-S frame anchor
HRD-U8 frame anchor

1)
HPS-1 impact anchor
Securing support frames, timber

frames, fascade panels, curtain
walling
On most hollow and solid base

material
HHD cavity anchor
Fastening wood battens,

components for electrical and
plumbing installations
Fastening battens, channels panels
HSP/HFPdrywall plug
Fastenings in dry walls
HA8 ring/ hook anchor

1)
For suspended ceilings and other

items from concrete ceilings
DBZ wedge anchor

1)
Suspension from concrete ceilings

e.g. using steel straps, punched
band, Nonius system hanger
HT metal frame anchor
HK ceiling anchor
12
Fastening door and window frames

1)
HPD aerated concrete anchor
= very suitable
Fastening of suspended ceilings,

cable trays, pipes
Various fastenings in hollow decks
6 / 2010
Anchor selector
Page
Through-fastening
Pre-setting
Internal thread
Setting
External thread
HCR steel (1.4529)
Specification
Drill bit
diameter resp.
anchor size
Steel, galvanised
Advantages

Preassembled with screw

Screw of steel 5.8 grade or
stainless steel A4 (1.4401)
Drill bit dia.:

10 and 14 mm
264
impact and temperature

resistant
high quality plastic
Drill bit dia.:

8 mm
270
impact and temperature

resistant
high quality plastic
4 8 mm
282

Controlled setting
Deliverable with or without
prefitted screw
Drill bit dia.:

8 12 mm

Self-drilling tip
One bit for anchor and screw
Removable

Quick and easy setting

Automatic follow up expansion
Drill bit dia.:

8 mm

Drill bit dia.:

6 mm
294
Drill bit dia.:

8 10 mm
298

Small drill bit diameter

Quick setting by impact
extension
Automatic follow up expansion
No risk of distortion or forces of
constraint
Expansion cone can not be lost
Small bore hole
Quick and easy setting
Drill bit dia.:

6 mm
M6
302

Approved (DIBt)
Fire resistance
Immediately loadable
Without
predrilling
Thread:
M6 M10
308

6 / 2010
286
288
290
13
Anchor selector
Fire tested
Approval
Application
Solid brick masonry
Aerated concrete
Uncracked concrete
Base material
Cracked concrete
Anchor type

anchors
HKH hollow deck anchor
HTB
Suspension from pre-stressed

concrete hollow decks
Ingenious and strong for hollow

base materials
Insulation fasteners
Fastening of hard, self supporting
insulating materials
IDP insulation
fastener
IZ expandable insulation fastener
Fastening of soft and hard, self

supporting insulating materials
IDMS / IDMR insulation fastener
Fastening of soft and hard, self

supporting insulating materials and
non self supporting insulation
materials
= very suitable
14
6 / 2010
Anchor selector

Load carried by strong metal

channel and screw
Convincing simplicity when
setting

One piece element

Corrosion resistant
No heat bridge

Corrosion resistant
No heat bridge
Reliable bonding of plaster

One piece element

Corrosion resistant
Fire resistant
6 / 2010
Drill bit dia.:

10 14 mm
Thread:
M6 M10
Drill bit dia.:
13 14 mm
Internal thread
External thread
HCR steel (1.4529)
Drill bit dia.:

8 mm insulating
material
thickness
10 150mm
Drill bit dia.:
8 mm insulating
material
thickness
up to 180mm
Drill bit dia.:

8 mm insulating
material
thickness
up to 150mm
Through-fastening
Approval for single point

fastenings
Approved for sprinkler systems
Setting
Pre-setting
Specification
Drill bit
diameter resp.
anchor size
Steel, galvanised
Advantages
Page
314
318
322
326
330
15
Anchor selector
Fire tested
HVU
adhesive
anchor
Approval
Application
Solid brick masonry
HVZ
adhesive
anchor
Aerated concrete
Uncracked concrete
Base material
Cracked concrete
Anchor type
Adhesive anchor
systems
Foil capsule systems
Heavy-duty fastenings with small
spacing and edge distances
Heavy duty fastenings with small

spacing and edge distances
Adhesive anchor in cracked

concrete
Adhesive anchor
Injection mortar systems

HIT-RE
500SD
HIT-RE
500
= very suitable
16
6 / 2010
Anchor selector
No expansion pressure
spacing
A strong and flexible foil capsule
HAS M8 M39
HIS-M8 - M20
Rebar dia.
8 40 mm
Flexibility in terms of working

time
HAS M8 M30
HIS-M8 - M20
Rebar dia.
8 32 mm

Flexibility in terms of drill bit
diameter and annular gap
Flexibility in terms of working
time
HAS M8 M39
HIS-M8 - M20
Rebar dia.
8 40 mm

6 / 2010
Page
Through-fastening
External thread

Pre-setting
HCR steel (1.4529)
M10 M20
spacing
A strong and flexible foil capsule
Steel, galvanised
Setting
Internal thread
Specification
Drill bit
diameter resp.
anchor size
Advantages
336
350
374
432
17
Anchor selector
Fire tested
HIT-HY
150
Approval
Solid brick masonry
Aerated concrete
HIT-HY
150 MAX
Cracked concrete
Application
Base material
Uncracked concrete
Anchor type
Injection mortar systems

Adhesive anchor in cracked
concrete
Adhesive anchor for low installation

temperatures
HIT ICE
HIT-HY
70
= very suitable
18
Adhesive anchor
Universal mortar for solid and hollow

brick
6 / 2010
Anchor selector
Specification
488

No styrene content
No plasticizer content
Environmental protection due to
the minimized packaging
HAS M8 M30
HIS-M8 - M20
Rebar dia.
8 25 mm
554
HAS M8 M24
HIS-M8 - M20
Rebar dia.
8 25 mm

mortar filling control
with HIT-SC sleeves
Drill bit dia.:

10 22 mm
Thread:
M6 M12
6 / 2010
Through-fastening
Pre-setting
HAS M8 M30
HIS-M8 - M20
Rebar dia.
8 25 mm
Internal thread
No styrene content
No plasticizer content
Environmental protection due to
the minimized packaging

Steel, galvanised
External thread
Page
HCR steel (1.4529)
Setting
Drill bit
diameter resp.
anchor size
Advantages
602
650
19
Legal environment
Legal environment
Technical data
The technical data presented in this Anchor Fastening Technology Manual are all based on
numerous tests and evaluation according to the state-of-the art. Hilti anchors are tested in our
test labs in Kaufering (Germany), Schaan (Principality of Liechtenstein) or Tulsa (USA) and
evaluated by our experienced engineers and/or tested and evaluated by independent testing
institutes in Europe and the USA. Where national or international regulations do not cover all
possible types of applications, additional Hilti data help to find customised solutions.
In addition to the standard tests for admissible service conditions and suitability tests, for safety
relevant applications fire resistance, shock, seismic and fatigue tests are performed.
European Technical Approval Guidelines

Approval based data given in this manual are either according to European Technical Approval
Guidelines (ETAG) or have been evaluated according to this guidelines and/or national
regulations.
The European Technical Approval Guideline ETAG 001 METAL ANCHORS FOR USE IN
CONCRETE sets out the basis for assessing anchors to be used in concrete (cracked and noncracked). It consists of:
Part 1 Anchors in general
Part 2 Torque-controlled expansion anchors
Part 3 Undercut anchors
Part 4 Deformation-controlled expansion anchors
Part 5 Bonded anchors
Part 6 Anchors for multiple use for non-structural applications
Annex A Details of test
Annex B Tests for admissible service conditions detailed information
Annex C Design methods for anchorages
For special anchors for use in concrete, additional Technical Reports (TR) related to ETAG 001
set out additional requirements:
TR 018 Assessment of torque-controlled bonded anchors
TR 020 Evaluation of Anchorages in Concrete concerning Resistance to Fire
TR 029 Design of Bonded Anchors
The European Technical Approval Guideline ETAG 020 PLASTIC ANCHORS FOR
MULTIPLE USE IN CONCRETE AND MASONRY FOR NON-STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS
sets out the basis for assessing plastic anchors to be used in concrete or masonry for
redundant fastenings (multiple use). It consists of:
Part 1 General
Part 2 Plastic anchors for use in normal weight concrete
Part 3 Plastic anchors for use in solid masonry materials
Part 4 Plastic anchors for use in hollow or perforated masonry
Part 5 Plastic anchors for use in autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC)
Annex A Details of tests
Annex B Recommendations for tests to be carried out on construction works
Annex C Design methods for anchorages
20
6 / 2010
Legal environment
The European Technical Approval Guidelines including related Technical Reports set out the
requirements for anchors and the acceptance criteria they shall meet.
The general assessment approach adopted in the Guideline is based on combining relevant
existing knowledge and experience of anchor behaviour with testing. Using this approach,
testing is needed to assess the suitability of anchors.
The requirements in European Technical Approval Guidelines are set out in terms of objectives
and of relevant actions to be taken into account. ETAGs specify values and characteristics, the
conformity with which gives the presumption that the requirements set out are satisfied,
whenever the state of art permits to do so. The Guidelines may indicate alternate possibilities
for the demonstration of the satisfaction of the requirements.
Post installed rebar connections

The basis for the assessment of post installed rebar connections is set out in the Technical
Report
TR 023 Assessment of post-installed rebar connections
The Technical Report TR 023 covers post-installed rebar connections designed in accordance
with EN 1992 - 1-1: 2004 (EC2) only. ETAG 001 (Part 1 and Part 5) is the general basic of this
application. The Technical Report TR 023 deals with the preconditions, assumptions and the
required tests and assessments for postinstalled rebars.
System of attestation of conformity

For anchors having an approval, the conformity of the product shall be certified by an approved
certification body (notified body) on the basis of tasks for the manufacturer and tasks for the
approved body.
Tasks for the manufacturer are:
Factory production control (permanent internal control of production and documentation
according to a prescribed test plan)
involve a body which is approved for the tasks
Tasks for the approved body are:
initial type-testing of the product
initial inspection of factory and of factory production control
continuous surveillance, assessment and approval of factory production control
6 / 2010
21
Approvals
Approvals
International Approvals: Europe
Anchor type
Description
Authority /
Laboratory
No. /
Date of issue
HDA / HDA-R
Self-undercutting anchor made of

galvanised or stainless steel
(Valid until: 25.03.2013)
Torque controlled expansion anchor
of galvanised steel
Expansion stud anchor made of
galvanised, stainless or highly
corrosion resistant steel
Expansion stud anchor made of
Screw anchor made of stainless
steel,
Screw anchor made of carbon steel,
deltatone coated
Screw anchor made of carbon steel,
deltatone coated
Deformation controlled expansion
anchor made of galvanised or
stainless steel
(Vailid until: 22.04.2015)
Deformation controlled expansion
anchor made of galvanised or
stainless steel
(Vailid until: 22.04.2015)
Frame anchor made of polyamide,
screw made of galvanised or
stainless steel
Wedge anchor made of galvanised
steel
Ceiling anchor made of galvanised
steel (Valid until: 23.04.2014)
Adhesive anchor, rod made of
galvanised, stainless or highly
Adhesive anchor, rod made out of
galvanised steel
(Valid until 20.01.2011)
CSTB, Paris
ETA-99/0009
25.03.2008
CSTB, Paris
ETA-02/0042
10.01.2008
CSTB, Paris
ETA-02/0027
20.09.2007
DIBt, Berlin
ETA-98/0001
07.07.2009
CSTB, Paris
ETA-99/0001
13.03.2008
DIBt, Berlin
ETA-08/307
30.03.2009
DIBt, Berlin
ETA-08/307
30.03.2009
DIBt, Berlin
ETA-10/0005
23.04.2010
DIBt, Berlin
ETA-06/0047
22.04.2010
DIBt, Berlin
ETA-02/0032
22.04.2010
DIBt, Berlin
ETA-07/0219
17.12.2007
DIBt, Berlin
ETA-06/0179
13.09.2006
DIBt, Berlin
ETA-04/0043
05.05.2009
ETA-03/0032
29.09.2008
HSL-3
HSC / HSC-R
HST / HST-R /
HST-HCR
HSA / HSA-R
HUS-HR
6/8/10/14
HUS-H
8/10
HUS 6
HKD / HKD-R
HKD / HKD-R
HRD-U-8
DBZ
HK
HVZ / HVZ-R /
HVZ-HCR
HVU with
HAS / HIS-N
22
DIBt, Berlin
DIBt Berlin
ETA-05/0255
01.03.2010
Languages
g
e
f
6 / 2010
Approvals
Anchor type
Description
HVU with
HAS-R / HIS-RN

DIBt Berlin
stainless steel
DIBt Berlin
highly corrosion resistant steel
Injection adhesive anchor, rod made DIBt Berlin
of galvanised, stainless or highly
ETA-05/0256
20.01.2006
HVU with
HAS-HCR
HIT-RE 500-SD
with HIT-V/
HIS-N/
HIT-V-R/ HISRN/ HIT-V-HCR/
rebar BSt 500S
HIT-RE 500 with
HIT-V/ HAS-(E)/
HIS-N/
HIT-V-R/ HAS(E)R/ HIS-RN/
HIT-V-HCR/
HAS-(E)HCR
HIT-HY 150 MAX
with HIT-TZ /
HIT-RTZ
HIT-HY 150 MAX
with HIT-V/ HAS(E)/ HIS-N/
HIT-V-HCR/
HAS-(E)HCR
HIT-HY 150 with
HIT-V/ HAS-(E)/
HIS-N/
HIT-V-HCR/
HAS-(E)HCR
Authority /
Laboratory
No. /
Date of issue
Languages
g
e
f
ETA-05/0257
20.01.2006
ETA-07/0260
12.01.2009

ETA-04/0027
20.05.2009

of galvanised or stainless steel
Injection adhesive anchor, rod made CSTB, Paris
ETA-04/0084
09.12.2009
ETA-08-352
01.04.2010

ETA-05/0051
22.10.2008
Additional National European Approvals
France
Anchor type
Description
Authority /
Laboratory
HPS-1
Impact anchor made of Polyamide,

nail made of galvanised steel
SOCOTEC, Paris CX 5217

08.2000
HIT-HY 70
Injection adhesive, rod made of

galvanised steel
SOCOTEC, Paris YX 0047 06.2009
6 / 2010
No. /
Date of issue
Languages
g
23
Approvals
Germany
Anchor type
HDA
Description

galvanised steel for unusual actions
(loads) for use in Nuclear power
plants) (Valid until: 31.03.2011)
HDA- Dynamic
galvanised steel for dynamic loads
HUS,-H/-A 6
Screw anchor made of galvanised
steel (Valid until: 31.07.2012)
HRD
Frame anchor made of polyamide,
screw made of galvanised or
stainless steel
HK
Ceiling anchor made of galvanised or
stainless steel
HPD
Aerated concrete anchor made of
galvanised steel
HKH
Hollow deck anchor made of
galvanised steel
HVZ-Dynamic
Adhesive anchor, rod made of
galvanised steel
(Valid until:31.10.2011)
HIT-RE 500
Injection adhesive for reinforcing bar
connections (Valid until: 23.10.2010)
HIT-HY 150 MAX Injection adhesive for reinforcing bar
connections (Valid until: 30.11.2014)
HIT-HY 70
Injection adhesive anchor for
masonry, rod made of galvanised,
stainless or highly corrosion
resistant steel
24
Authority /
Laboratory
No. /
Date of issue
DIBt, Berlin
Z-21.1-1696
01.09.2008
DIBt, Berlin
Z-21.1-1693
25.05.2007
DIBt, Berlin
Z-21.1-1710
20.05.2009
Z-21.2-599
25.10.2007
DIBt, Berlin
Z-21.1-1721
29.08.2006
DIBt, Berlin
Z-21.1-1729
18.04.2007
DIBt, Berlin
Z-21.1-1722
14.03.2007
DIBt, Berlin
Z-21.3-1692
18.10.2006
DIBt, Berlin
Z-21.8-1790
16.03.2009
Z-21.8-1882
16.12.2009
Z-21.3-1830
20.01.2009
DIBt, Berlin
DIBt, Berlin
DIBt, Berlin
Languages
g
6 / 2010
Approvals
Switzerland
Anchor type
Description
Authority /
Laboratory
Bundesamt fr
Zivilschutz, Bern
No. /
Date of issue
BZS D 04-221
02.09.2004
Languages
g
e
f
HDA / HDA-R
Undercut anchor for shockproof

fastenings in civil defence
installations
Heavy duty anchor for shockproof
installations
Bundesamt fr
Bevlkerungsschutz, Bern
BZS D 08-601
30.06.2008
Safety anchor for shockproof

installations
Stud anchor for shockproof
installations
Adhesive anchor for shockproof
installations
Bundesamt fr
Zivilschutz, Bern
BZS D 06-601
17.07.2006
Bundesamt fr
Zivilschutz, Bern
BZS D 08-602
15.12.2008
Bundesamt fr
Zivilschutz, Bern
BZS D 09-602
28.10.2009
Anchor type
Description
Authority /
Laboratory
No. /
Date of issue
HDA, HDA-P,
HDA-T
HSL-3
Evaluation report of Hilti HDA Metric

Undercut Anchor
Evaluation report of Hilti HSL-3
Heavy Duty Anchor
Evaluation report of Hilti HVA
adhesive anchor system
Evaluation report of Hilti HIT RE
500-SD Adhesive Anchoring System
Evaluation report of Hilti HIT-HY 150
adhesive anchor for solid base
material
ICC-ES
1546
01.03.2008
1545
01.08.2005
5369
01.01.2007
2322
01.04.2010
2678
01.09.2008
HSL-3
HSL-3-G
HSL-3-B
HSL-3-SK
HSL-3-SH
HSC-I(R)
HSC-A(R)
HST / HST-R
HVZ / HVZ-R
USA
HVA
HIT RE 500-SD
HIT-HY 150
6 / 2010
ICC-ES
ICC-ES
ICC-ES
ICC-ES
Languages
g
25
Base materials
Base material
General
Different anchoring conditions
The wide variety of building materials used today provide different

anchoring conditions for anchors. There is hardly a base material in or to
which a fastening cannot be made with a Hilti product. However, the
properties of the base material play a decisive role when selecting a
suitable fastener / anchor and determining the load it can hold.
The main building materials suitable for anchor fastenings have been
described in the following.
Concrete
A mixture of cement,
aggregates and water
Concrete is synthetic stone, consisting of a mixture of cement, aggregates

and water, possibly also additives, which is produced when the cement
paste hardens and cures. Concrete has a relatively high compressive
strength, but only low tensile strength. Steel reinforcing bars are cast in
concrete to take up tensile forces. It is then referred to as reinforced
concrete.
Cracking from bending
Stress and strain in sections

withconditions I and II
b, D
b, Z
fct
calculated compressive stress

calculated tensile stress
concrete tensile strength
If cracks in the tension zone

exist, suitable anchor systems
are required
If the tensile strength of concrete is exceeded, cracks form, which, as a

rule, cannot be seen. Experience has shown that the crack width does not
exceed the figure regarded as admissible, i.e. w 0.3mm, if the concrete is
under a constant load. If it is subjected predominately to forces of
constraint, individual cracks might be wider if no additional reinforcement is
provided in the concrete to restrict the crack width. If a concrete component
is subjected to a bending load, the cracks have a wedge shape across the
component cross-section and they end close to the neutral axis. It is
recommended that anchors that are suitable in cracked concrete be used in
the tension zone of concrete components. Other types of anchors can be
used if they are set in the compression zone.
Observe curing of concrete

when using expansion
anchors
Anchors are set in both low-strength and high-strength concrete. Generally,

the range of the cube compressive strength, f ck,cube , 150 , is between 25 and
60 N/mm. Expansion anchors should not be set in concrete which has not
cured for more than seven days. If anchors are loaded immediately after
they have been set, the loading capacity can be assumed to be only the
actual strength of the concrete at that time. If an anchor is set and the load
applied later, the loading capacity can be assumed to be the concrete
strength determined at the time of applying the load.
26
6 / 2010
Base materials
Cutting through reinforcement when drilling anchor holes must be avoided.

If this is not possible, the design engineer responsible must be consulted
first.
Avoid cutting reinforcement
Masonry
Masonry is a heterogeneous base material. The hole being drilled for an
anchor can run into mortar joints or cavities. Owing to the relatively low
strength of masonry, the loads taken up locally cannot be particularly high.
A tremendous variety of types and shapes of masonry bricks are on the
market, e.g. clay bricks, sand-lime bricks or concrete bricks, all of different
shapes and either solid or with cavities. Hilti offers a range of different
fastening solutions for this variety of masonry base material, e.g. the HPS1, HRD, HUD, HIT, etc.
Different types and shapes
If there are doubts when selecting a fastener / anchor, your local Hilti sales
representative will be pleased to provide assistance.
When making a fastening, care must be taken to ensure that a lay of
insulation or plaster is not used as the base material. The specified
anchorage depth (depth of embedment) must be in the actual base
material.
Plaster coating is not a base

material for fastenings
Other base materials

Aerated concrete: This is manufactured from fine-grained sand as the
aggregate, lime and/or cement as the binding agent, water and aluminium
as the gas-forming agent. The density is between 0.4 and 0.8 kg/dm and
the compressive strength 2 to 6 N/mm. Hilti offers the HGN and HRD-U
anchors for this base material.
Aerated concrete
Lightweight concrete: This is concrete which has a low density, i.e. 1800
kg/m, and a porosity that reduces the strength of the concrete and thus the
loading capacity of an anchor. Hilti offers the HRD, HUD, HGN, etc anchor
systems for this base material.
Drywall (plasterboard/gypsum) panels: These are mostly building

components without a supporting function, such as wall and ceiling panels,
to which less important, so-called secondary fastenings are made. The Hilti
anchors suitable for this material are the HTB, HLD and HHD.
Drywall / gypsum panels
In addition to the previously named building materials, a large variety of

others, e.g. natural stone, etc, can be encountered in practice. Furthermore, special building components are also made from the previously
mentioned materials which, because of manufacturing method and
configuration, result in base materials with peculiarities that must be given
careful attention, e.g. hollow ceiling floor components, etc.
Variety of base materials
Descriptions and explanations of each of these would go beyond the

bounds of this manual. Generally though, fastenings can be made to these
materials. In some cases, test reports exist for these special materials. It is
also recommended that the design engineer, company carrying out the
work and Hilti technical staff hold a discussion in each case.
In some cases, testing on the jobsite should be arranged to verify the
suitability and the loading capacity of the selected anchor.
6 / 2010
Jobsite tests
27
Base materials
Why does an anchor hold in a base material?
Working principles
There are three basic working principles which make an anchor hold in a building material:
Friction
The tensile load, N, is transferred to

the base material by friction, R. The
expansion force, Fexp, is necessary for this to take place. It is produced, for example, by driving in an
expansion plug (HKD).
Keying
The tensile load, N, is in equilibrium

with the supporting forces, R, acting
on the base material, such as with
the HDA anchor.
Bonding
An adhesive bond is produced

between the anchor rod and the
hole wall by a synthetic resin
adhesive, such as with HVU with
HAS anchor rods.
Combination of working
principles
Many anchors obtain their holding power from a combination of the above
mentioned working principles.
For example, an anchor exerts an expansion force against wall of its hole
as a result of the displacement of a cone relative to a sleeve. This permits
the longitudinal force to be transferred to the anchor by friction. At the same
time, this expansion force causes permanent local deformation of the base
material, above all in the case of metal anchors. A keying action results
which enables the longitudinal force in the anchor to be transferred
additionally to the base material
Force-controlled and
displacement-controlled
expansion anchors
In the case of expansion anchors, a distinction is made between forcecontrolled and movement-controlled types. The expansion force of forcecontrolled expansion anchors is dependent on the tensile force in the
anchor (HSL-3 heavy-duty anchor). This tensile force is produced, and thus
controlled, when a tightening torque is applied to expand the anchor.
In the case of movement-controlled types, expansion takes place over a
distance that is predetermined by the geometry of the anchor in the
expanded state. Thus an expansion force is produced (HKD anchor) which
is governed by the modulus of elasticity of the base material.
Adhesive/resin anchor
28
The synthetic resin of an adhesive anchor infiltrates into the pores of the
base material and, after it has hardened and cured, achieves a local keying
action in addition to the bond.
6 / 2010
Base materials
Failure modes
Effects of static loading
The failure patterns of anchor fastenings subjected to a continually
increased load can be depicted as follows:
1.
2.
3.
3a.
Failure patterns
4.
The weakest point in an anchor fastening determines the cause of failure.
Modes of failure, 1. break-out, 2. anchor pull-away and, 3., 3a., failure of
anchor parts, occur mostly when single anchors that are a suitable
distance from an edge or the next anchor, are subjected to a pure tensile
load. These causes of failure govern the max. loading capacity of anchors.
On the other hand, a small edge distance causes mode of failure 4. edge
breaking. The ultimate loads are then smaller than those of the previously
mentioned modes of failure. The tensile strength of the fastening base
material is exceeded in the cases of break-out, edge breaking and splitting.
Causes of failure
Basically, the same modes of failure take place under a combined load.
The mode of failure 1. break-out, becomes more seldom as the angle
between the direction of the applied load and the anchor axis increases.
Combined load
Generally, a shear load causes a conchoidal (shell-like) area of spall on

one side of the anchor hole and, subsequently, the anchor parts suffer
bending tension or shear failure. If the distance from an edge is small and
the shear load is towards the free edge of a building component, however,
the edge breaks away.
Shear load
6 / 2010
29
Base materials
Influence of cracks
Very narrow cracks are not It is not possible for a reinforced concrete structure to be built which does
not have cracks in it under working conditions. Provided that they do not
defects in a structure
exceed a certain width, however, it is not at all necessary to regard cracks

as defects in a structure. With this in mind, the designer of a structure
assumes that cracks will exist in the tension zone of reinforced concrete
components when carrying out the design work (condition II). Tensile forces
from bending are taken up in a composite construction by suitably sized
reinforcement in the form of ribbed steel bars, whereas the compressive
forces from bending are taken up by the concrete (compression zone).
Efficient utilisation of
reinforcement
The reinforcement is only utilised efficiently if the concrete in the tension

zone is permitted to be stressed (elongated) to such an extent that it cracks
under the working load. The position of the tension zone is determined by
the static / design system and where the load is applied to the structure.
Normally, the cracks run in one direction (line or parallel cracks). Only in
rare cases, such as with reinforced concrete slabs stressed in two planes,
can cracks also run in two directions.
Testing and application conditions for anchors are currently being drafted
internationally based on the research results of anchor manufacturers and
universities. These will guarantee the functional reliability and safety of
anchor fastenings made in cracked concrete.
Loadbearing mechanisms
When anchor fastenings are made in non-cracked concrete, equilibrium is

established by a tensile stress condition of rotational symmetry around the
anchor axis. If a crack exists, the loadbearing mechanisms are seriously
disrupted because virtually no annular tensile forces can be taken up
beyond the edge of the crack. The disruption caused disrupted by the crack
reduces the loadbearing capacity of the anchor system.
Crack plane
a) Non-cracked concrete
b) Cracked concrete
Reduction factor for cracked

concrete
The width of a crack in a concrete component has a major influence on the

tensile loading capacity of all fasteners, not only anchors, but also cast-in
items, such as headed studs. A crack width of about 0.3mm is assumed
when designing anchor fastenings. The reduction factor which can be used
for the ultimate tensile loads of anchor fastenings made in cracked concrete
as opposed to non-cracked concrete may be assumed to be 0.65 to 0.70
for the HSC anchor, for example. Larger reduction factors for ultimate
tensile loads must be anticipated (used in calculations) in the case of all
those anchors which were set in the past without any consideration of the
above-mentioned influence of cracks. In this respect, the safety factor to
use to allow for the failure of cracked concrete is not the same as the figure
given in product information, i.e. all previous figures in the old anchor
manual. This is an unacceptable situation which is being eliminated through
specific testing with anchors set in cracked concrete, and adding suitable
information to the product description sheets.
30
6 / 2010
Base materials
Since international testing conditions for anchors are based on the abovementioned crack widths, no theoretical relationship between ultimate
tensile loads and different crack widths has been given.
The statements made above apply primarily to static loading conditions. If
the loading is dynamic, the clamping force and pretensioning force in an
anchor bolt / rod play a major role. If a crack propagates in a reinforced
concrete component after an anchor has been set, it must be assumed that
the pretensioning force in the anchor will decrease and, as a result, the
clamping force from the fixture (part fastened) will be reduced (lost). The
properties of this fastening for dynamic loading will then have deteriorated.
To ensure that an anchor fastening remains suitable for dynamic loading
even after cracks appear in the concrete, the clamping force and
pretensioning force in the anchor must be upheld. Suitable measures to
achieve this can be sets of springs or similar devices
6 / 2010
Pretensioning force in
anchor bolts / rods
Loss of pretensioning force

due to cracks
31
Anchor design
Anchor design
Safety concept
Depending on the application and the anchor type one of the following two concepts can be applied:
For anchors for use in concrete
having an European Technical
Approval (ETA) the partial safety
factor concept according to the
European
Technical
Approval
Guidelines ETAG 001 or ETAG 020
shall be applied. It has to be shown,
that the value of design actions does
not exceed the value of the design
resistance: Sd Rd.
For the characteristic resistance
given in the respective ETA, reduction factors due to e.g. freeze/thaw,
service temperature, durability, creep
behaviour and other environmental
or application conditions are already
considered.
According ETAG 001, Annex C, the
partial safety factor is G = 1,35 for
permanent actions and Q = 1,5 for
variable actions. In addition to the
design resistance, in this manual
recommended loads are given, using
an overall partial safety factor for
action = 1,4.
Partial safety factor

concept
32
5% fractile
environmental
conditions
(temperature,
durability)
characteristic
partial safety resistance
(ETA)
factor
design
action
characteristic
value of action
Rd
partial safety
factors
for action
action
Global safety factor

concept
For the global safety factor concept it

has to be shown, that the
characteristic value of action does
not exceed the recommend load
value.
The characteristic resistance given in
the tables is the 5% fractile value
obtained from test results under
standard test conditions. With a
global safety factor all environmental
and application conditions for action
and resistance are considered,
leading to a recommended load.
mean ultimate
resistance
Sd
for material
(anchor,
base material) design
resistance
recommended
load
resistance
mean ultimate
resistance
5% fractile
characteristic
resistance
(basic value)
global
safety factor
recommended
load
characteristic
value of action
action
resistance
6 / 2010
Anchor design
Design methods
Metal anchors for use in concrete according ETAG 001

The design methods for metal anchors for use in concrete are described in detail in Annex C of the European
Technical Approval guideline ETAG 001 and for bonded anchors with variable embedment depth in EOTA
Technical Report TR 029. Additional design rules for redundant fastenings are given in Part 6 of ETAG 001.
The design method given in this Anchor Fastening Technology Manual is based on these guidelines. The
calculations according to this manual are simplified and lead to conservative results, i.e. the results are on the save
side. Tables with basic load values and influecing factors and the calculation method are given for each anchor in
the respective section.
Anchors for use in other base materials and for special applications
If no special calculation method is given, the basic load values given in this manual are valid, as long as the
application conditions (e.g. base material, geometrie, environmental conditions) are observed.
Redundant fastenings with plastic anchors

Design rules for redundant fastings with plastic anchors for use in concrete and masonry for non-structural
applications are given in Annex C of ETAG 020. The additional design rules for redundant fastenings are
considered in this manual.
Resistance to fire
When resistance to fire has to be considered, the load values given in the section resistance to fire should be
observed. The values are valid for a single anchor.
Hilti design software PROFIS Anchor

For a more complex and accurate design according to international and national guidelines and for applications
beyond the guidelines, e.g. group of anchors with more than four anchors close to the edge or more than eight
anchors far away from the edge, the Hilti design software PROFIS anchor yields customised fastening solutions.
The results can be different from the calculations according to this manual.
Simplified design method

Simplified version of the design method according ETAG 001, Annex C or EOTA Technical
Report TR 029. Design resistance according data given in the relevant European Technical
Approval (ETA)
Influence of concrete strength
Influence of edge distance
Influence of spacing
Valid for a group of two anchors. (The method may also be applied for anchor groups
with more than two anchors or more than one edge. The influencing factors must then be
considered for each edge distance and spacing. The calculated design loads are then on
the save side: They will be lower than the exact values according ETAG 001, Annex C.
To avoid this, it is recommended to use the anchor design software PROFIS anchor)
The design method is based on the following simplification:
No different loads are acting on individual anchors (no eccentricity)
The differences to the design method given in the guideline are shown in the following.
6 / 2010
33
Anchor design
Anchors with fixed embedment depth

Design tensile resistance
The design tensile resistance is the lower value of
-
Design steel resistance
NRd,s
Design pull-out resistance
NRd,p
Design concrete cone resistance
NRd,c
Design splitting resistance
NRd,sp
Design steel resistance NRd,s

Annex C of ETAG 001 and relevant ETA
NRd,s
= NRk,s / Ms
*
NRk,s:
characteristic steel resistance
Ms:
partial safety factor for steel failure

** NRd,s
** Value given in the respective tables in this manual
* Values given in the relevant ETA
Design pull-out resistance NRd,p

NRd,p
= (NRk,p / Mp) c

0
Rd,p
NRd,p = N
fB
0
N Rd,p:
NRk,p:
characteristic pull-out resistance
**
Mp:
partial safety factor for pull-out failure
** fB:
c:
influence of concrete strength
Basic design pull-out resistance

** Values given in the respective tables in this manual
34
6 / 2010
Anchor design
Design concrete cone resistance NRd,c

NRd,c
= (N0Rk,c / Mc) (Ac,N / A0c,N) s,N re,N

ec,N ucr,N
N0Rk,c
where
k:
Mc:
=k
fck,cube0,5
hef
1,5
= 7,2 (in general) variations

therefrom are given in the
relavant ETA
partial safety factor for concrete cone
failure
+ A0c,N:
area of concrete cone of an

individual anchor with large spacing
and edge distance at the concrete
surface (idealised)
+ Ac,N:
actual area of concrete cone of

the anchorage at the concrete
surface, limited by overlapping
concrete cones of adjoining anchors
and by edges of the concrete
member
+ s,N:
influence of the disturbance of the

distribution of stresses due to edges
+ re,N:
influence of dense reinforcement
+ ec,N:
influence of excentricity

0
Rd,c
NRd,c = N
**
fB f1,N f2,N f3,N fre,N
N0Rd,c:
** fB:
Basic design concrete cone resistance

** f1,N, f2,N: influence of edge distance

** f3,N:
influence of anchor spacing
** fre,N:
ucr,N: = 1,0 for anchorages in cracked

concrete
= 1,4 for anchorages in non-cracked
concrete
fck,cube: concrete compressive strength
*
hef:
effective anchorage depth

+ Values have to be calculated according data given in
the relavant ETA (details of calculation see Annex C of
ETAG 001)
6 / 2010
35
Anchor design
Design concrete splitting resistance NRd,sp

NRd,sp

ec,N ucr,N h,sp
N0Rk,c
where
k:
Mc:
=k
fck,cube0,5
hef
1,5
= 7,2 (in general) variations

therefrom are given in the
relavant ETA
failure
++ A0c,N:

surface (idealised)
++ Ac,N:

member
+ s,N:

+ re,N:
+ ec,N:

0
Rd,c
NRd,sp = N
**
fB f1,sp f2,sp f3,sp f h,sp fre,N
N0Rd,c:
** fB:

** f1,sp, f2,sp: influence of edge distance

** f3,sp:
** f h,sp:
influence of base material thickness

(concrete member depth)
** fre,N:

concrete
concrete
+ h,sp:
influence of the actual member depth

*
hef:

ETAG 001)
++ Values of A0c,N and Ac,N for splitting failure may be
different from those for concrete cone failure, due to
different values for the critical edge distance and
critical anchor spacing
36
6 / 2010
Anchor design
Design shear resistance

The design shear resistance is the lower value of
-
VRd,s
Design concrete pryout

resistance
VRd,cp
Design concrete edge resistance
VRd,c
Design steel resistance VRd,s (without lever arm)

VRd,s
= VRk,s / Ms

** VRd,s
VRk,s:
Ms:
Steel failure with lever arm is not considered for the

simplified design method

For steel failure with lever arm see ETAG 001 Annex C
6 / 2010
37
Anchor design
Design concrete pryout resistance VRd,cp

VRd,cp
NRd,c
0
Rd,cp
= (VRk,cp / Mp) = k NRd,c

0
Rk,c
= (N
0
Rk,c
where
*
Mc:
0
c,N:
+ A
VRd,p = V
/ Mc) (Ac,N / A
0
c,N)
0,5
= 7,2 fck,cube
hef
s,N re,N
ec,N ucr,N
1,5

failure
surface (idealised)
+ Ac,N:

member
+ s,N:

+ re,N:
++ ec,N:
**
fB f1,N f2,N f3,N fre,N
V0Rd,cp:
** fB:
Basic design concrete pryout

resistance

** f3,N:
** fre,N:

concrete
concrete
*
hef:
k:
influence of embedment depth

ETAG 001)
++ Details see Annex C of ETAG 001
38
6 / 2010
Anchor design
Design concrete edge resistance VRd,c

VRd,c

0
Rd,c
= (V0Rk,c / Mc) (Ac,V / A0c,V) s,V h,V

,V ec,V ucr,V
V0Rk,c
where
*
Mc:
+ A0c,V:
+ Ac,V:
= 0,45 dnom
0,5
(lf/dnom)
0,2
fck,cube0,5
1,5
c1
VRd,c = V
**

anchorage at the lateral concrete
concrete cones of adjoining anchors,
by edges of the concrete member
and by member thickness
+ s,V:

distribution of stresses due to further
edges
+ h,V:
takes account of the fact that the

shear resistance does not decrease
proportially to the memebr thickness
as assumed by the idealised ratio
Ac,V / A0c,V
++ ,V:
Influence of angle between load

applied and the direction
perpendicular to the free edge
++ ec,V:
Basic design concrete edge resistance
** fB:
** f:

** f h:
Influence of base material thickness
** f4:
Influence of anchor spacing and edge

distance
partial safety factor for concrete edge

failure
individual anchor at the lateral
concrete surface not affected by
edges (idealised)
fB f f h f4
V0Rd,c:
Special case: more than 2 anchors close to an edge

For a group of anchors f4 can be calculated according to
the following equation, if all anchors are equally loaded.
This can be achieved by filling the annular gaps with a
high performance injection mortar (e.g. Hilti HIT-RE 500SD or Hilti HIT-HY 150 MAX.
Where s1, s2, sn-1 3 c

And c2,1, c2,2 1,5 c
++ ucr,V: = 1,0, 1,2 or 1,4

*
dnom:
nominal diameter of the anchor
l f:
effective length of anchor under

shear loading

c1:
edge distance

ETAG 001)
++ Details see Annex C of ETAG 001
6 / 2010
39
Anchor design
Combined tension and shear loading

The following equations
must be satisfied
With
N 1
V = VSd / VRd
N = NSd / NRd and
V 1
NSd (VSd) = tension (shear)

design action
N + V 1,2 or N + V 1
NRd (VRd) = tension (shear)

design resistance
Annex C of ETAG 001
Failure mode is not considered for the simplified method
2,0
if NRd and VRd are governed by steel

failure
1,5
1,5
for all other failure modes
for all failure modes (leading to

conservative results = beeing on the
save side)
Anchors with variable embedment depth according TR 029

Design tensile resistance
The design tensile resistance is the lower value of
-
NRd,s
Design combined pull-out and

concrete cone resistance
NRd,p
NRd,c
NRd,sp
Design steel resistance NRd,s

Technical Report TR 029 and relevant ETA
NRd,s
= NRk,s / Ms
*
NRk,s:
Ms:

** NRd,s
40
6 / 2010
Anchor design
Design combined pull-out and concrete cone resistance NRd,p

NRd,p
= (N0Rk,p / Mp) (Ap,N / A0p,N) s,Np g,Np

ec,Np re,Np c
N0Rk,p = d hef Rk
where
g,Np = 0g,Np (s / scr,Np)0,5 (0g,Np 1) 1
0
g,Np
0,5
0,5
= n (n 1)
0,5
1,5
{(d Rk)/[k (hef fck,cube) ] } 1

0
Rd,p
NRd,p = N
**
** fB,p:
Mp:
Basic design combined pull-out and

concrete cone resistance

** f3,N:
** fh,p:
influence of (variable) embedment

depth
** fre,N:
scr,Np = 20 d (Rk,ucr / 7,5)0,5 3 hef

*
fB,p f1,N f2,N f3,N fh,p fre,N
N0Rd,p:
partial safety factor for combined

pull-out and concrete cone failure
+ A0p,N:
influence area of an individual

anchor with large spacing and edge
distance at the concrete surface
(idealised)
For the simplified design method the factor g,Np (see

TR 029) is assumed to be 1 and the critical anchor
spacing is assumed to be scr,Np = 3 hef, both leading
to conservative results = beeing on the save side.
+ Ap,N:
actual influence area of the

anchorage at the concrete surface,
limited by overlapping areas of
adjoining anchors and by edges of
the concrete member
+ s,Np: influence of the disturbance of the

+ ec,Np: influence of excentricity
+ re,Np: influence of dense reinforcement
*
c:
d:
anchor diameter
hef:
(variable) embedment depth
Rk:
characteristic bond resistance
s:
anchor spacing
scr,Np:
n:
number of anchors in a anchor group
k:
= 2,3 in cracked cocrete

= 3,2 in non-cracked cocrete

*
Rk,ucr: characteristic bond resistance for

non-cracked concrete

the relavant ETA (details of calculation see TR 029.
The basis of the calculations may depend on the
critical anchor spacing).
6 / 2010
41
Anchor design
Design concrete cone resistance NRd,c

NRd,c

ec,N
N0Rk,c
where
*
Mc:
0
A c,N:
= k1
fck,cube0,5
hef
1,5
0
Rd,c
NRd,c = N
**
fB f1,N f2,N f3,N fh,N fre,N
N0Rd,c:
** fB:


failure

** f3,N:

surface (idealised)
** fh,N:
** fre,N:
+ Ac,N:

member
+ s,N:

+ re,N:
+ ec,N:
k1:
= 7,2 for anchorages in cracked

concrete
= 10,1 for anchorages in

*
hef:

the relavant ETA (details of calculation see TR 029)
42
6 / 2010
Anchor design
Design concrete splitting resistance NRd,sp

NRd,sp

ec,N h,sp
N0Rk,c
where
*
Mc:
++
0
A c,N:
= k1
fck,cube0,5
hef
1,5
**
fB f1,sp f2,sp f3,sp f h,N fre,N
N0Rd,c:
** fB:

** f1,sp, f2,sp: influence of edge distance

** f3,sp:

surface (idealised)
** f h,N:
influence of base material thickness

(concrete member depth)
** fre,N:

member
+ s,N:

+ re,N:
+ ec,N:
+ h,sp:
0
Rd,c
NRd,sp = N

failure
++ Ac,N:
k1:

concrete
influence of the actual member depth

*
hef:
embedment depth

++ Values of A0c,N and Ac,N for splitting failure may be
different from those for concrete cone failure, due to
different values for the critical edge distance and
6 / 2010
43
Anchor design
Design shear resistance

The design shear resistance is the lower value of
-
VRd,s
Design concrete pryout

resistance
VRd,cp
Design concrete edge resistance
VRd,c
Design steel resistance VRd,s

VRd,s
= VRk,s / Ms

** VRd,s
VRk,s:
Ms:
Steel failure with lever arm is not considered for the

simplified design method

For steel failure with lever arm see TR 029
Design concrete pryout resistance VRd,cp

VRd,cp
= (VRk,cp / Mp/Mc) = k lower value of NRd,p

and NRd,c
NRd,p
NRk,p / Mp
NRd,c
NRk,c / Mc
NRd,p:
characteristic tension resistance for

combined pull-out and concrete cone
failure (see design combined pull-out
and concrete cone failure)
NRk,c:

concrete cone failure
(see design concrete cone failure)
Mp:
partial safety factor for combined

pull-out and concrete cone failure
(see design combined pull-out and
concrete cone failure)
Mc:

failure (see design concrete cone
failure)
k:

VRd,cp = k lower value of NRd,p and NRd,c
NRd,p:

combined pull-out and concrete cone
failure (see design combined pull-out
and concrete cone failure)
NRk,c:

concrete cone failure
(see design concrete cone failure)
** k:
44
6 / 2010
Anchor design
Design concrete edge resistance VRd,c

VRd,c
= (V0Rk,c / Mc) (Ac,V / A0c,V) s,V h,V

,V ec,V re,V
where

0
Rd,c
VRd,c = V
**
** fB:
= 0,1 (hef / c1)0,5
** f:

** f h:
Influence of base material thickness
** f4:
Influence of anchor spacing and edge

distance
** f hef:
** fc:
influence of edge distance
Mc:
+ A0c,V:
+ Ac,V:
+ s,V:
partial safety factor for concrete edge

failure
individual anchor at the lateral
concrete surface not affected by
edges (idealised)
anchorage at the lateral concrete
concrete cones of adjoining anchors,
by edges of the concrete member
and by member thickness
distribution of stresses due to further
edges
+ h,V:
takes account of the fact that the

shear resistance does not decrease
proportially to the memebr thickness
as assumed by the idealised ratio
Ac,V / A0c,V
++ ,V:

++ ec,V:
++ re,V:
influence of reinforcement
Basic design concrete edge resistance
V0Rk,c = k1 d hef fck,cube0,5 c11,5
= 0,1 (d / c1)0,2
*
fB f f h f4 f hef fc
V0Rd,c:
k1:

concrete
d:
anchor diameter
The factors f hef and fc replace the function d hef ,

leading to conservative results = beeing on the save
side.
Special case: more than 2 anchors close to an edge
For a group of anchors f4 can be calculated according to
the following equation, if all anchors are equally loaded.
This can be achieved by filling the annular gaps with a
high performance injection mortar (e.g. Hilti HIT-RE 500SD or Hilti HIT-HY 150 MAX.
Where s1, s2, sn-1 3 c

And c2,1, c2,2 1,5 c

c1:
edge distance

++ Details see TR 029
6 / 2010
45
Anchor design

The following equations
must be satisfied
With
N 1
V = VSd / VRd
N = NSd / NRd and
V 1
N + V 1,2 or N + V 1
NSd (VSd) = tension (shear)

design action
NRd (VRd) = tension (shear)
design resistance
Annex C of ETAG 001
Failure mode is not considered for the simplified method
46
2,0
1,5
if NRd and VRd are governed by steel

failure
for all other failure modes
1,5
for all failure modes (leading to

conservative results = beeing on the
save side)
6 / 2010
Anchor design
6 / 2010
47
Design examples
Design examples
Example 1: mechanical anchor in non-cracked concrete
Anchoring conditions
Non-cracked concrete C40/50
concrete
Group of two anchors close to the edge
number of anchors
base material thickness
h
250 mm
anchor spacing
s
300 mm
edge distance
c
120 mm
shear load direction perpendicular to free edge
90
TENSION design action (fixing point)
NSd
55,0 kN
SHEAR design action (fixing point)
VSd
20,0 kN
TENSION design action per anchor
27,5 kN
SHEAR design action per anchor
(1)
NSd
(1)
VSd
anchor
hef
critical spacing for splitting failure
scr,sp
380 mm
critical spacing for concrete cone failure
scr,N
300 mm
critical edge distance for splitting failure
ccr,sp
190 mm
critical edge distance for concrete cone failure
ccr,N
150 mm
minimum edge distance

for
smin
c
cmin
s
100 mm
240 mm
100 mm
240 mm
minimum spacing
for
10,0 kN
HSL-3-G M16
100 mm
The parameters are given in the

anchor-section in the tables setting
details and setting parameters
(for HSL-3-G M16)
General remarks
According ETAG 001, Annex C, concrete cone, splitting, pryout and concrete edge design
resistance must be verified for the anchor group. Steel and pull-out design resistance must be
verified for the most unfavourable anchor of the anchor group.
According to the simplified design method given in this Fastening Technology Manual all
anchors of a group are loaded equally, the design resistance values given in the tables are valid
for one anchor.
48
6 / 2010
Design examples
Tension loading
NRd,s =
83,7 kN
See basic design tensile

resistance
(for HSL-3-G M16)
Design concrete pull-out resistance

basic resistance
concrete
N
non-cracked concrete C40/50 fB
NRd,p =
N0Rd,p fB

resistance
(for HSL-3-G M16 pull-out failure is
not decisive in non-cracked
concrete)
Rd,p
=-

basic resistance
concrete
N0Rd,c
33,6 kN
1,41
f1,N
0,94
c = 120 mm
ccr,N = 150 mm
c/ccr,N = 0,80
f2,N
0,90
s = 300 mm
anchor
scr,N = 300 mm
s/scr,N = 1,00
HSL-3-G M16
f3,N
fre,N
1,00
1,00
NRd,c = N0Rd,c fB f1,N f2,N f3,N fre,N =

resistance
(for HSL-3-G M16)
and influencing factors
(for HSL-3-G M16)
Influencing factors may be
interpolated.
40,1 kN

basic resistance
concrete
N0Rd,c
0,89
f2,sp
0,82
f3,sp
fh,sp
fre,N
0,89
c/ccr,sp = 0,63
s = 300 mm scr,sp = 380 mm

hef = 100 mm
s/scr,sp = 0,79
NRd,sp =
2/3
[h/(2hef)] = 2,5
HSL-3-G M16
1,41
f1,sp
c = 120 mm ccr,sp = 190 mm
h = 250 mm
anchor
33,6 kN
0
N Rd,c fB f1,sp f2,sp f3,sp fh,sp fre,N
1,16
=

resistance
(for HSL-3-G M16)
(for HSL-3-G M16)
interpolated.
1,00
35,7 kN
Tension design resistance: lowest value
6 / 2010
NRd = 35,7 kN
49
Design examples
Shear loading
VRd,s =
68,6 kN
See basic design shear resistance

(for HSL-3-G M16)
67,2 kN

(for HSL-3-G M16)
(for HSL-3-G M16)
Concrete pryout design resistance

V0Rd,cp
basic resistance
concrete
1,41
f1,N
0,94
c = 120 mm
ccr,N = 150 mm
c/ccr,N = 0,80
f2,N
0,90
s = 300 mm
anchor
scr,N = 300 mm
s/scr,N = 1,00
HSL-3-G M16
f3,N
fre,N
1,00
VRd,cp = V0Rd,cp fB f1,N f2,N f3,N fre,N =

interpolated.
1,00
80,2 kN
Concrete edge design resistance

V0Rd,c
basic resistance
concrete
shear load direction
perpendicular to free edge
h = 250 mm
c = 120 mm
s = 300 mm
1,41
h/c = 2,08 fh
c/hef = 1,20
f4
s/hef = 3,00
90
c = 120 mm
hef = 100 mm
hef = 100 mm
13,7 kN

(for HSL-3-G M16)
(for HSL-3-G M16)
interpolated.
1,20
VRd,c = V0Rd,c fB f fh f4 =
46,4 kN
Shear design resistance: lowest value
VRd = 46,4 kN
The following equation must be satisfied for combined tension and shear
loads:
1,5
1,5
(Eq. 1)
( N) + ( V) 1
N (V ) ratio between design action and design
resistance for tension (shear) loading
According to ETAG 001, Annex C, the following simplified equation may
be applied:
N + V 1,2 and N 1, V 1
(Eq. 2)
Example (load values are valid for one anchor)

NSd
(1)
VSd(1)
=
=
27,5 kN
10,0 kN
NRd =
35,7 kN
VRd =
46,4 kN
50
0,770
(1)
0,216
0,986
1,2

0,776
V = VSd /VRd =
N + V =
( N)
1,5
+ ( V)
1,5
1,2
1
(Eq. 1)
(Eq. 2)
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,2
V
(1)
N = NSd /NRd =
0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2
6 / 2010
Design examples
Example 2: mechanical anchor in cracked concrete with dense reinforcement
Cracked concrete C30/37
concrete
number of anchors
h
150 mm
anchor spacing
s
70 mm
edge distance
c
120 mm
90
NSd
10,0 kN
VSd

(1)
NSd
(1)
VSd
anchor
hef
scr,sp
270 mm
critical spacing for concrete cone failure
scr,N
210 mm
ccr,sp
135 mm
critical edge distance for concrete cone failure
ccr,N
105 mm

for
smin
c
cmin
s
70 mm
100 mm
70 mm
160 mm
minimum spacing
for
10,0 kN
5,0 kN
5,0 kN
HSL-3-SK M10
70 mm

(for HSL-3-SK M10)
General remarks
According ETAG 001, Annex C, concrete cone, splitting, pryout and concrete edge design
resistance must be verified for the anchor group. Steel and pull-out design resistance must be
verified for the most unfavourable anchor of the anchor group.
for one anchor.
6 / 2010
51
Design examples
Tension loading
NRd,s =
30,9 kN

resistance
for HSL-3- SK M10
Design concrete pull-out resistance

basic resistance
concrete
N
Cracked concrete C30/37 fB
NRd,p =
10,7
Rd,p
N0Rd,p fB
1,22
=
13,1 kN

resistance
(for HSL-3- SK M10 pull-out failure
is not decisive in non-cracked
concrete)

basic resistance
concrete
N0Rd,c
c = 120 mm
ccr,N = 105 mm
c/ccr,N = 1,14
s = 70 mm
anchor
scr,N = 210 mm
s/scr,N = 0,33
HSL-3-SK M10
14,1 kN
1,22
f1,N
1,00
f2,N
1,00
f3,N
fre,N
0,67
0,85
NRd,c = N0Rd,c fB f1,N f2,N f3,N fre,N =

resistance
(for HSL-3- SK M10)
(for HSL-3- SK M10)
interpolated.
9,8 kN

basic resistance
concrete
N0Rd,c
0,97
f2,sp
0,94
f3,sp
fh,sp
fre,N
0,63
c/ccr,sp = 0,89
70 mm scr,sp = 270 mm
hef = 70 mm
s/scr,sp = 0,26
s=
NRd,sp =
2/3
[h/(2hef)] = 2,14
HSL-3-SK M10
1,22
f1,sp
c = 120 mm ccr,sp = 135 mm
h = 150 mm
anchor
14,1 kN
0
N Rd,c fB f1,sp f2,sp f3,sp fh,sp fre,N
1,05
=

resistance
(for HSL-3- SK M10)
(for HSL-3- SK M10)
interpolated.
0,85
8,8 kN
52
NRd =
8,8 kN
6 / 2010
Design examples
Shear loading
VRd,s =
39,4 kN

(for HSL-3- SK M10)
28,1 kN

(for HSL-3- SK M10)
(for HSL-3- SK M10)

V0Rd,cp
basic resistance
concrete
1,00
f2,N
1,00
f3,N
fre,N
0,67
c = 120 mm
ccr,N = 105 mm
c/ccr,N = 1,14
s = 70 mm
anchor
scr,N = 210 mm
s/scr,N = 0,33
HSL-3-SK M10
1,22
f1,N
VRd,cp = V0Rd,cp fB f1,N f2,N f3,N fre,N =

interpolated.
0,85
19,5 kN

V0Rd,c
basic resistance
concrete
h = 150 mm
c = 120 mm
s=
70 mm
1,22
h/c = 1,25 fh
c/hef = 1,71
f4
s/hef = 1,00
0,88
90
c = 120 mm
hef = 70 mm
hef = 70 mm
4,6 kN

(for HSL-3- SK M10)
(for HSL-3- SK M10)
interpolated.
1,34
VRd,c = V0Rd,c fB f fh f4 =
13,2 kN
VRd = 13,2 kN
loads:
1,5
1,5
(Eq. 1)
( N) + ( V) 1
be applied:
N + V 1,2 and N 1, V 1
(Eq. 2)

NSd
(1)
VSd(1)
=
=
5,0 kN
5,0 kN
NRd =
8,8 kN
VRd =
13,2 kN
6 / 2010
0,567
(1)
0,378
0,945
1,2

0,659
V = VSd /VRd =
N + V =
( N)
1,5
+ ( V)
1,5
1,2
1
(Eq. 1)
(Eq. 2)
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,2
V
(1)
N = NSd /NRd =
0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2
53
Design examples
Example 3: adhesive anchoring system with variable embedment depth in

Non-cracked concrete C50/60
concrete
service temperature
temperature range II
range of base material
number of anchors
h
100 mm
anchor spacing
s
150 mm
edge distance
c
100 mm
0
NSd
15,0 kN
VSd

7,5 kN
(1)
7,5 kN
NSd
VSd
hef

anchor
external diameter
15,0 kN
(1)
70 mm
Hilti HIT-RE 500-SD with HIT-V 5.8, size M12

d
12 mm
hef,typ
110 mm
typical anchorage depth

smin
60 mm
minimum spacing
cmin
60 mm

(for HIT-RE 500-SD with HIT-V 5.8,
size M12)
Critical spacings and edge distances

critical spacing for concrete cone failure scr,N and critical spacing for combined
pull-out and concrete cone failure scr,Np
hef =
scr,N = scr,Np = 3 hef =
70 mm
210 mm
critical edge distance for concrete cone failure ccr,N and critical edge distance for
combined pull-out and concrete cone failure ccr,Np
hef =
70 mm
ccr,N = ccr,Np = 1,5 hef =

for h 1,3 hef
h = 100 mm
hef =
105 mm
ccr,sp = 2,26 hef
for 1,3 hef < h < 2 hef
ccr,sp = 4,6 hef - 1,8 h
for h 2 hef
ccr,sp = 1,0 hef
70 mm

ccr,sp =
142 mm
h/hef = 1,43
ccr,sp =
scr,sp = 2 ccr,sp =
142 mm
284 mm
General remarks
According EOTA Technical Report TR 029, concrete cone, combined concrete cone and pullout, splitting, pryout and concrete edge design resistance must be verified for the anchor group.
Steel design resistance must be verified for the most unfavourable anchor of the anchor group.
for one anchor.
6 / 2010
54
Design examples
Tension loading
NRd,s =
28,0 kN

resistance
(for HIT-RE 500-SD with HIT-V
5.8, size M12)
Design combined pull-out and concrete cone resistance

basic resistance
concrete
hef = 70 mm hef,typ =
N0Rd,p
Non-cracked concrete C50/60 fB,p
fh,p = hef/hef,typ =
110 mm
0,64
0,99
f2,N
0,97
fre,N
0,86
ccr,N = 105 mm
c/ccr,N = 0,95
s = 150 mm
hef = 70 mm
scr,N = 210 mm
s/scr,N = 0,71
NRd,p = N
1,09
f1,N
c = 100 mm
29,9 kN
f3,N
Rd,p fB,p f1,N f2,N f3,N fh,p fre,N

resistance
5.8, size M12)
1,00
17,1 kN

basic resistance
concrete
hef = 70 mm
N0Rd,c
Non-cracked concrete C50/60 fB
hef,typ = 110 mm
fh,N = (hef/hef,typ)
1,5
32,4 kN
1,55
=
0,51
f1,N
0,99
c = 100 mm
ccr,N = 105 mm
c/ccr,N = 0,95
f2,N
0,97
s = 150 mm
hef = 70 mm
scr,N = 210 mm
s/scr,N = 0,71
f3,N
fre,N
0,86
NRd,c = N
Rd,c fB fh,N f1,N f2,N f3,N fre,N

resistance
5.8, size M12)
5.8, size M12)
1,00
21,1 kN

interpolated.
32,4 kN

resistance
5.8, size M12)
5.8, size M12)

basic resistance
N0Rd,c
concrete
hef = 70 mm
hef,typ = 110 mm
c = 100 mm
ccr,sp = 142 mm
c/ccr,sp = 0,70
s = 150 mm
hef = 70 mm
scr,sp = 284 mm
s/scr,sp = 0,53
NRd,sp =
fh,N = (hef/hef,typ)
1,5
1,55
=
0,51
f1,sp
0,91
f2,sp
0,85
f3,sp
fre,N
0,76
0
N Rd,c fB fh,N f1,sp f2,sp f3,sp fre,N
1,00
15,0 kN

interpolated.
6 / 2010
NRd =
15,0 kN
55
Design examples
Shear loading
VRd,s =
16,8 kN
See basic design shear

resistance
5.8, size M12)
17,1 kN

resistance
5.8, size M12)
5.8, size M12)

0
lower value of NRd,p and NRd,c

hef =
V =
k
VRd,cp = k V0 =
70 mm
2
34,3 kN

V0Rd,c
basic resistance
concrete
h = 100 mm
c = 100 mm
s = 150 mm
hef = 70 mm
c=
100 mm
d=
12 mm
d=
12 mm
1,55
1,00
h/c = 1,00 fh
c/hef = 1,43
f4
s/hef = 2,14
0,82
c = 100 mm
hef = 70 mm
hef = 70 mm
11,6 kN
hef/d = 5,83
1,28
fhef
0,97
c/d = 8,33 fc
VRd,c = V0Rd,c fB f fh f4 fhef fc =

resistance
5.8, size M12)
5.8, size M12)
interpolated.
0,67
12,3 kN
VRd =
12,3 kN
loads:
1,5
1,5
(Eq. 1)
( N) + ( V) 1
be applied:
N + V 1,2 and N 1, V 1
(Eq. 2)

NSd
(1)
VSd(1)
=
=
7,5 kN
7,5 kN
NRd =
15,0 kN
VRd =
12,3 kN
56
0,500
(1)
0,612
1,112
1,2

0,832
V = VSd /VRd =
N + V =
( N)
1,5
+ ( V)
1,5
1,2
1
(Eq. 1)
(Eq. 2)
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,2
V
(1)
N = NSd /NRd =
0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2
6 / 2010
Design examples
6 / 2010
57
Corrosion
Corrosion
Material recommendations to counteract corrosion
Application
General conditions
Recommendations
Temporary fastening:
Forming, site fixtures,
scaffolding
Outside and inside applications
Galvanised or coated
Structural fastening:
Brackets, columns, beams
Dry inside rooms, no condensation
Galvanised 5-10 microns
Damp inside rooms with occasional

condensation due to high humidity
and temperature fluctuations
Hot-dipped galvanised /
sherardized
min. 45 microns
Frequent and long-lasting

condensation (greenhouses), open
inside rooms or open halls / sheds
A4 (316) steels, possibly hot-dipped

galvanised
Protection due to alkalinity of

concrete
Rural atmosphere
(without emissions)
Inside
application
Outside
application
sherardized min. 45 microns
Insulating
materials
Dacromet / plastic, A4 (316) steels
Town / city
atmosphere:
High SO2 and Nox
contents, chlorides
from road salt can
accumulate/
concentration on
parts not weathered
directly
Inside
application
Outside
application
sherardized min. 45 microns,
Hilti-HCR if chlorides exist
Insulating
materials
A4 (316) steels
Industrial
atmosphere: High
SO2 content and
other corrosive
substances (without
halides)
Inside
application
Outside
application
A4 (316) steels
Insulating
materials
A4 (316) steels
Coastal atmosphere:
High content of
chlorides, combined
with industrial
atmosphere
Inside
application
Outside
application
Hilti-HCR
Insulating
materials
Hilti-HCR
Initial/carcass construction
Composite construction
Interior finishing
Drywalls, suspended ceilings,
windows, doors, railings /
fences, elevators, fire escapes
Facades / roofing
Profiled metal sheets, curtain
wall cladding, insulation
fastenings, facade support
framing
58
6 / 2010
Corrosion
Application
General conditions
Recommendations
Damp inside rooms, poorly

ventilated rooms, cellar / basement
shafts, occasional condensation
due to high humidity and
temperature fluctuations
Frequent and long-lasting

condensation (greenhouses), nonenclosed inside rooms or open
sheds / buildings
A4 (316) steels, possibly hot-dipped

galvanised
Directly weathered (chlorides are

regularly washed off)
sherardized min. 45 microns, A4
(316) steels, Duplex steel or
austenitic steel with approx. 4-5%
Mo
Frequently heavy exposure to road

salt, highly relevant to safety
Hilti HCR
Secondary relevance for safety
Duplex steel, poss. A4 (316) steels
Highly relevant to safety
Hilti-HCR
Secondary relevance for safety,

temporary fastenings
Hot-dipped galvanised
High humidity, chlorides, often a

superimposed "industrial
atmosphere" or changes of oil / sea
water
Hilti-HCR
On the platform / rig
A4 (316) steels
Dry inside rooms
Corrosive inside rooms, e.g.

fastenings in laboratories,
galvanising / plating plants etc.,
very corrosive vapours
A4 (316) steels, Hilti-HCR
Outside applications, very heavy

exposure to SO2 and additional
corrosive substances (only acidic
surroundings)
A4 (316) steels
Dry inside rooms
Outside applications, very heavy

exposure to SO2
A4 (316) steels
Installations
Conduit installation, cable runs,
air ducts
Electrical systems:
Runs, lighting, aerials
Industrial equipment:
Crane rails, barriers, conveyors,
machine fastening
Road and bridge construction

traffic signs, noise-insulating
walls, crash barriers / guard
rails, connecting structures
Tunnel construction
Tunnel foils / sheeting,
reinforcing mesh, traffic signs,
lighting, tunnel wall cladding /
lining, air ducts, ceiling
suspensions, etc.
Dock/harbour/port facilities /
off-shore rigs
Fastenings to quaysides, dock /
harbour
Industry / chemical industry

connecting structures, lighting
Power plants
Fastenings relevant to safety
6 / 2010
59
Corrosion
Application
General conditions
Recommendations
In lower section of stack
Hot-dipped galvanised/sherardized
min. 45 microns A4 (316) steels
In top section of stack,

condensation of acids and often
high chloride and other halide
concentrations
Hilti-HCR
In the atmosphere, high humidity,

sewage / digester gases etc.
Hot-dipped galvanised/sherardized
min. 45 microns A4 (316) steels
Underwater applications, municipal

sewage / waste water, industrial
waste water
Hilti-HCR
Large amounts of chlorides (road

salt) carried in by vehicles, many
wet and dry cycles
Hilti-HCR
Fastenings relevant to safety
Hilti-HCR
In rural atmosphere
In town / city atmosphere
sherardized min. 45 microns A4
(316) steels
Inaccessible fastenings
A4 (316) steels
Smokestacks of waste
incineration plants
Fastening of, for example,
service ladders, lightening
conductors
Sewage / waste water treatment

connecting structures etc
Multi-storey car parks

guard rails, handrails,
balustrades
Indoor swimming pools
service ladders, handrails,
suspended ceilings
Sports grounds / facilities /
stadiums
seats, handrails, fences
60
6 / 2010
Corrosion
The following table shows the suitability of the respective metal couple. It also shows which two
metals in contact are permissible in field practice and which should rather be avoided.
Metal couples
6 / 2010
61
Dynamic
Dynamic
Dynamic design for anchors
Detailed informations are available from your local Hilti partner or in the brochure:
Dynamic Design for Anchors, Hilti AG, 2001 W 2611 0601 20-e
Actions
Common engineering design usually focuses around static loads. This

chapter is intended to point out those cases, where static simplification may
cause severe misjudgement and usually under-design of important
structures.
Static loads
Static loads can be segregated as follows:
Dynamic actions
Own (dead) weight

Permanent actions
Loads of non-loadbearing components, e.g. floor covering, screed,
or from constraint (due to temperature change or sinking of
supports / columns)
Changing actions
working loads (fitting / furnishing , machines, normal wear)
Snow, Wind, Temperature
The main difference between static and dynamic loads is the effectiveness
of inertia and damping forces. These forces result from induced
acceleration and must be taken into account when determining section
forces and anchoring forces.
Typical Dynamic Actions
Dynamic actions can generally be classified into 3 different groups:
Examples for Fatigue Loads
Fatigue loads
Seismic loads
Shock loads
Two main groups of fatigue type loading can be identified:
Vibration type loading of fasteners with very high recurrence and

usually low amplitude (e.g. ventilators, production machinery, etc.).
Repeated loading and unloading of structures with high loads and
frequent recurrence (cranes, elevators, robots, etc.).
Actions relevant to fatigue
Actions causing fatigue have a large number of load cycles which produce
changes in stress in the affected fastening. These stresses result in a
decrease in strength, which is all the greater the larger the change in stress
and the larger the number of load cycles are (fatigue). When evaluating
actions causing fatigue, not only the type of action, but also the planned or
anticipated fastening life expectancy is of major importance.
Examples for Seismic Loads
Generally, all fastenings in structures situated in seismically active areas

can be subject to seismic loading. However, due to cost considerations,
usually only critical fastenings whose failure would result in loss of human
life or significant weakening of the overall structure are designed for seismic
loads.
Earthquakes /
seismic actions
Ground movement during an earthquake / seismic tremors leads to relative

displacement of a building foundation. Owing to the inertia of its mass, the
building cannot or is unable to follow this movement without deformation.
Due to the stiffness of the structure, restoring forces are set up and
vibration is induced. This results in stress and strain for the structure, the
parts fastened and the installations. Earthquake frequencies often lead to
resonance phenomena which cause larger vibration amplitudes on the
upper floors.
62
6 / 2010
Dynamic
In view of the low ductility of anchors / fasteners, seismic loads generally

have to be taken up by a high loading capacity and very little deformation.
A fastening should be able to withstand design basis earthquakes without
damage. Determining the forces acting on a fastening is difficult and
specialists thus provide them
Shock loads are mostly unusual loading situations, even though sometimes
they are the only loading case a structure is designed for (e.g. crash
barriers, protection nets, ship or aeroplane impacts and falling rocks,
avalanches and explosions, etc.).
Examples of Shock Loading
Shock-like phenomena have generally a very short duration and

tremendously high forces which, however, generally only occur as
individual peaks. As the probability of such a phenomenon to occur during
the life expectancy of the building components concerned is comparably
small, plastic deformations of fasteners and structural members are usually
permitted.
Shock
Material behaviour
The behaviour is described essentially by the strength (tensile and
compressive) and the elastic-plastic behaviour of the material. These
properties are generally determined by carrying out simple tests with
specimens.
Material behaviour under static

loading
If a material is subjected to a sustained load that changes with respect to

time, it can fail after a certain number of load cycles even though the upper
limit of the load withstood up to this time is clearly lower than the ultimate
tensile strength under static loading. This loss of strength is referred to as
material fatigue.
Material behaviour under

fatigue impact
The grade and quality of steel has a considerable influence on the

alternating strength. In the case of structural and heat-treatable steels, the
final strength (i.e. after 2 million load cycles or more) is approx. 25-35% of
the static strength.
In the non-loaded state, concrete already has micro-cracks in the zone of
contact of the aggregates and the cement paste, which are attributable to
the aggregates hindering shrinkage of the cement paste. The fatigue
strength of concrete is directly dependent on the grade of concrete.
Concrete strength is reduced to about 55 65% of the initial strength after
2'000'000 load cycles.
The material strength is not as much influenced as under fatigue impact.
Other factors, as inertia, cracks, etc. influence the behaviour much more.
6 / 2010
Material behaviour under

seismic or shock impact
63
Dynamic
Anchor behaviour
Fatigue
When a large number of load cycles is involved, i.e. n>10'000, it is usually

the anchor in single fastenings that is critical (due to steel failure). The
concrete can only fail when an anchor is at a reduced anchorage depth and
subjected to tensile loading or an anchor is at a reduced distance from an
edge and exposed to shear loading.
Individual anchors in a multiple-anchor fastening can have a different
elastic stiffness and a displacement (slip) behaviour that differs from one
anchor to another, e.g. if an anchor is set in a crack. This leads to a
redistribution of the forces in the anchors during the appearance of the load
cycles. Stiffer anchors are subjected to higher loads, whereas the loads in
the weaker anchors are reduced. Allowance is made for these two effects
by using a reduction factor for multiple-anchor fastenings.
Earthquakes
Anchors (fasteners) subjected to seismic loading can, under circumstances,

be stressed far beyond their static loading capacity. In view of this, the
respective suitability tests are carried out using a level of action (loading)
that is considerably higher than the working load level. The behaviour of
anchors under seismic action depends on the magnitude of loading, the
direction of loading, the base material and the type of anchor. After an
earthquake, the loading capacity (ultimate state) of an anchor is
considerably reduced (to 30 80% of the original resistance.) With any
earthquake design of fasteners, concrete cracks resulting from seismic
activity should be taken into consideration.
When designing anchor fastenings, it is important to remember that they
cannot be regarded as something isolated to take up seismic forces, but
that they must be incorporated in the overall context of a design.
Shock
Load increase times in the range of milliseconds can be simulated during

tests on servo-hydraulic testing equipment. The following main effects can
then be observed:
Deformation is greater when the breaking load is reached

The energy absorbed by an anchor is also much higher
Breaking loads are of roughly the same magnitude during static
loading and shock-loading tests
In this respect, more recent investigations show that the base material
(cracked or non-cracked concrete), has no direct effect on the load-bearing
behaviour.
Suitability under fatigue

loading
Both mechanical and chemical anchors are basically suitable for fastenings
subjected to fatigue loading. Hilti manufactures the HDA and HVZ anchors
of special grades of steel resistant to fatigue and has also subjected them
to suitable tests.
Suitability under seismic

loading
Where fastenings subjected to seismic loading are concerned, chemical

anchors take preference. There are, however, accompanying requirements
to be met, such as behaviour in a fire. These restrictions can make
mechanical systems preferable.
Suitability under shock loading
To date, mechanical anchor systems have been used primarily for

applications in civil defence installations. More recently, adhesive systems
suitable for use in cracked concrete have been developed, e.g. the HVZ
anchor.
64
6 / 2010
Dynamic
Dynamic set for shear resistance upgrade

If a multiple-anchor fastening is loaded towards the edge of a concrete
member (shear load), the gap between anchor shaft and clearance hole
has an important role. An uneven shear load distribution within the anchors
in the fastening is the result as the clearance hole is always larger than the
anchor diameter to ensure an easy installation. Design methods take this
fact into account by assuming that only the row of anchors nearest to the
concrete edge takes up all shear load.
Uneven shear load distribution
row of
load-bearing
anchors
edge of
concrete
member
V
row of
non load-bearing
anchors
Concrete
failure surface
The second row of anchors can be activated only after a considerable slip
of the anchoring plate. This slip normally takes place after the edge failure
of the outside row. The effect of the clearance hole gap on the internal load
distribution increases if the shear load direction changes during the service
life. To make anchors suitable for alternating shear loads, Hilti developed
the so called Dynamic Set. This consists of a special washer, which permits
HIT injection adhesive to be dispensed into the clearance hole, a spherical
washer, a nut and a lock nut.
Activating the second row of

anchors
Dynamic Set
perspective
Injection
washer
Injection washer:
plan view
spherical
washer
nut
lock
nut
Fills clearance hole and thus guarantees that the load is

uniformly distributed among all anchors.
Improvements
with Dynamic Set
Spherical washer: Reduces bending moment acting on anchor shaft not

set at right angles and thus increases the tensile loading
capacity.
Lock nut:
Prevents loosening of the nut and thus lifting of the

anchoring plate away from the concrete in case of cyclic
loading.
Delivery programme Dynamic Set: M10, M12, M16, M20
6 / 2010
65
Dynamic
Shear resistance improvement By using the dynamic set for static fastenings, the shear resistance is
improved significantly. The unfavourable situation that only one row of
with Dynamic Set
anchors takes up all loads no longer exists and the load is distributed
uniformly among all anchors. A series of experiments has verified this
assumption. An example from this test programme, double fastenings with
HVZ M10 anchors with and without the Dynamic Set are shown to compare
resulting shear resistance and stiffness.
Standard clearence hole
Slotted hole
not injected
injected
Member edge
With
Dynamic Set
(extended Hilti
method)
Without
Dynamic Set
(ETAG)
The test results show clearly that according to the current practice the
second row of anchors takes up the load only after significant deformation
of the plate, when the concrete edge has already failed. The injection and
the Dynamic Set resulted in a continuous load increase until the whole
multiple fastening fails.
When carrying out a simple fastening design, it may be assumed if the
Dynamic Set is used the overall load bearing capacity of the multiple
fastening is equal to the resistance of the first row of anchors multiplied by
the number of rows in the fastening. In addition to that it must be checked
whether the concrete edge resistance of the farest row is smaller than the
above metioned resistance. If injection with the Dynamic Set is used, the
ETAG restrictions on more than 6 anchor fastenings can be overcome.
66
6 / 2010
Dynamic
6 / 2010
67
Resistance to fire
Resistance to fire
Tested fasteners
for passive structural fire prevention
Tested according to the international standard temperature curve
MFPA Leipzig
GmbH
Tested according to the

international standard temperature
curve (ISO 834, DIN 4102 T.2)
and/or to EOTA Technical Report
TR 020 (Evaluation of Anchorages
in Concrete concerning Resistance
to Fire)
Tested when set in cracked

concrete and exposed to flames
without insulating or protective
measures.
Anchor / fastener
HDA
Fire resistance data for F 180 please

refer to the test reports
HDA-F
HDA-R
HSL-3
68
Size
Max. loading (kN) for

specified fire resistance
time (fire resistance time Authority / No.
in minutes)
F30
F60
F90
F120
M10
4,5
2,2
1,3
1,0
M12
10,0
3,5
1,8
1,2
M16
15,0
7,0
4,0
3,0
M20
25,0
9,0
7,0
5,0
M10
4,5
2,2
1,3
1,0
M12
10,0
3,5
1,8
1,2
M16
15,0
7,0
4,0
3,0
Warringtonfire
WF Report No 166402
M10
20,0
9,0
4,0
2,0
IBMB Braunschweig
UB 3039/8151
M12
30,0
12,0
5,0
3,0
M16
50,0
15,0
7,5
6,0
M8
3,0
1,1
0,6
0,4
M10
7,0
2,0
1,3
0,8
M12
10,0
3,5
2,0
1,2
M16
19,4
6,6
3,5
2,2
M20
30,0
10,3
5,4
3,5
M24
43,0
14,8
7,9
5,0
IBMB Braunschweig
UB 3039/8151
Warringtonfire
WF Report No 166402
IBMB Braunschweig
UB 3039/8151
Warringtonfire
WF Report No 166402
IBMB Braunschweig
UB 3041/1663-CM
Warringtonfire
WF Report No 166402
6 / 2010
Resistance to fire
Anchor / fastener
Size

in minutes)
F30
HSL-3-G
HSL-3-B
HSL-3-SH
HSL-3-SK
HSC-A
HSC-I
HSC-AR
HSC-IR
HST
6 / 2010
F60
F90
F120
M8
3,0
1,1
0,6
0,4
M10
7,0
2,0
1,3
0,8
M12
10,0
3,5
2,0
1,2
M16
19,4
6,6
3,5
2,2
M20
30,0
10,3
5,4
3,5
M24
43,0
14,8
7,9
5,0
M12
10,0
3,5
2,0
1,2
M16
19,4
6,6
3,5
2,2
M20
30,0
10,3
5,4
3,5
M24
43,0
14,8
7,9
5,0
M8
1,9
1,1
0,6
0,4
M10
4,5
2,0
1,3
0,8
M12
8,5
3,5
2,0
1,2
Warringtonfire
WF Report No 166402
M8
3,0
1,1
0,6
0,4
IBMB Braunschweig
report No. 3041/1663-CM
M10
7,0
2,0
1,3
0,8
M12
10,0
3,5
2,0
1,2
M8x40
M8x50
M10x40
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
M12x60
3,5
3,5
2,0
M8x40
M10x50
M10x60
1,5
2,5
2,5
1,5
2,5
2,5
1,5
2,5
2,5
M12x60
2,0
2,0
2,0
M8x40
M8x50
M10x40
M12x60
M8x40
M10x50
M10x60
1,5
1,5
1,5
3,5
1,5
2,5
2,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
3,5
1,5
2,5
2,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
3,5
1,5
2,5
2,5
3,0
-
M12x60
M8
M10
M12
M16
M20
M24
3,5
0,9
2,5
5,0
9,0
15,0
20,0
3,5
0,7
1,5
3,5
6,0
10,0
15,0
3,5
0,6
1,0
2,0
3,5
6,0
8,0
3,0
0,5
0,7
1,0
2,0
3,5
5,0
IBMB Braunschweig
report No, 3041/1663-CM
Warringtonfire
WF Report No 166402
IBMB Braunschweig
Warringtonfire
WF Report No 166402
IBMB Braunschweig
Warringtonfire
WF Report No 166402
IBMB Braunschweig
UB 3177/1722-1
Warringtonfire
WF Report No 166402
IBMB Braunschweig
UB 3177/1722-1
Warringtonfire
WF Report No 166402
IBMB Braunschweig
UB 3177/1722-1
Warringtonfire
WF Report No 166402
IBMB Braunschweig
UB 3177/1722-1
Warringtonfire
WF Report No 166402
DIBt Berlin
ETA-98/0001
Warringtonfire
WF Report No 166402
69
Resistance to fire
Anchor / fastener
HST-R
HST-HCR
HSA
HSA-R
HLC-Standard
HLC-H
Size

in minutes)
F30
F60
F90
F120
M8
M10
M12
M16
M20
M24
4,9
11,8
17,2
32,0
49,9
71,9
3,6
8,4
12,2
22,8
35,5
51,2
2,4
5,0
7,3
13,5
21,1
30,4
1,7
3,3
4,8
8,9
13,9
20,0
DIBt Berlin
ETA-98/0001
M8
4,9
3,6
2,4
1,7
M10
11,8
8,4
5,0
3,3
DIBt Berlin
ETA-98/0001
M12
17,2
12,2
7,3
4,8
M16
32,0
22,8
13,5
8,9
M6
M8
M10
M12
M16
M20
M6
M8
M10
M12
M16
6,5 (M5)
8 (M6)
10 (M8)
12(M10)
16(M12)
20(M16)
8 (M6)
0,9
1,5
4,5
10,0
15,0
25,0
2,6
6,0
9,5
14,0
26,0
0,5
0,9
1,9
3,0
4,0
4,0
0,9
0,5
0,8
2,2
3,5
7,0
9,0
1,3
3,0
4,7
7,0
13,0
0,29
0,5
0,99
1,5
2,2
3,7
0,5
0,3
0,5
1,3
1,8
4,0
7,0
0,8
1,8
3,0
4,0
7,5
0,2
0,37
0,6
1,0
1,5
2,7
0,37
0,25
0,4
1,0
1,2
3,0
5,0
0,6
1,2
2,5
3,0
6,0
0,17
0,3
0,5
0,8
1,1
2,2
0,3
10 (M8 )
1,9
0,99
0,6
0,5
12(M10)
3,0
1,5
1,0
0,8
16(M12)
4,0
2,2
1,5
Warringtonfire
WF Report No 166402
Warringtonfire
WF Report No 166402
IBMB Braunschweig
UB 3049/8151
Warringtonfire
WF Report No 166402
IBMB Braunschweig
UB 3049/8151
Warringtonfire
WF Report No 166402
IBMB Braunschweig
PB 3093/517/07CM
Warringtonfire
WF Report No 166402
IBMB Braunschweig
PB 3093/517/07-CM
Warringtonfire
1,18 WF Report No 166402
HLC-L
IBMB Braunschweig
PB 3093/517/07-CM
10 (M8)
1,9
0,99
0,67
0,5
Warringtonfire
WF Report No 166402
HLC-EC
70
8 (M6)
0,9
0,5
0,37
0,3
10 (M8)
1,9
0,99
0,67
0,5
16(M12)
3,0
1,5
1,0
IBMB Braunschweig
PB 3093/517/07-CM
Warringtonfire
WF Report No 166402 &
0,79 WF Report No 172920
6 / 2010
Resistance to fire
Anchor / fastener
Size

in minutes)
F30
F60
F90
F120
Reduced anchorage depth

8
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,2
10
2,3
2,3
2,3
1,8
14
3,0
3,0
3,0
2,4
Standard anchorage depth
6
1,3
1,3
1,3
0,4
8
3,0
3,0
3,0
1,7
10
4,0
4,0
4,0
2,4
14
6,3
6,3
6,3
5,0
HUS -HR
HUS-H/HUS-HF
10,5
7,0
2,6
1,5
1,0
9,0
3,3
1,8
1,2
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,4
-H 6
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
-A 6
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
-P 6
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,4
-I 6
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,4
12,5
16,5
HUS
HUS
HUS
(gas concrete, plates and bricks,
strength catgegory > 6 )
HKD
HKD-SR
HRD-U10
6 / 2010
HKD-ER
7,5
-H 7,5
-A 7,5
M6x25
M8x25
M8x30
M8x40
M10x25
M10x30
M10x40
M12x25
M12x50
M16x65
M6x30
M8x30
M10x40
M12x50
load angle
10
70
90
1,0
0,6
0,4
0,3
0,5
0,6
0,9
1,3
0,6
0,9
1,8
0,6
2,3
4,0
0,5
0,9
1,8
2,3
0,4
0,3
0,6
0,6
0,9
0,9
1,3
1,3
0,6
0,6
0,9
0,9
1,8
1,8
0,6
0,6
2,3
2,3
4,0
4,0
0,5
0,4
0,9
0,9
1,8
1,8
2,3
2,3
Max. load
1,6
0,8
1,6
1,4
1,6
1,6
0,2
0,5
0,7
0,7
0,5
0,7
1,5
0,5
1,8
3,2
0,3
0,7
1,5
1,8
1,6
1,6
1,6
0,8
0,8
DIBt Berlin
ETA-08/0307
IBMB Braunschweig
UB 3574/5146
Warringtonfire
WF Report No 166402
DIBt Berlin
Z-21.1-1710
DIBt Berlin
ETA-10/0005 acc. Part 6
IBMB Braunschweig
UB 3574/5146
Warringtonfire
WF Report No 166402
DIBt Berlin
DIBt Berlin
Warringtonfire
WF Report No 166402
IBMB Braunschweig
UB 3613/3891-1 -Nau-
71
Resistance to fire
Anchor / fastener
HRD-S10
HRD-U8x80/30
Size
load angle
10
70
90

in minutes)
F30
F60
1,2
1,2
1,2
Max. load
0,8
1,4
0,8
1,6
0,8
only shear
1,9
loads
1,4
F90
DBZ
0,35
0,20
0,10
IBMB Braunschweig
UB 3245/1817-5
0,05
Warringtonfire
WF Report No 166402
6/4,5
0,5
0,3
0,2
0,85
0,44
0,27
0,74
0,41
0,3
0,3
0,6
1,2
0,3
0,5
1,0
0,3
0,3
0,6
0,19 IBMB Braunschweig

UB 3016/1114-CM
0,24 Warringtonfire
WF Report No 166402
0,2 DIBt Berlin
0,2 ETA-04/0043
0,4
0,85
1,4
2,2
2,2
1,2
0,5
0,7
1,3
1,3
0,65
0,35
0,45
0,95
0,95
0,45
0,3
0,35
0,75
0,75
0,35
IBMB Braunschweig
UB 3077/3602 -Nau-
M6
M8
M10
IBMB Braunschweig
1,8
0,95 0,65 0,5 UB 3606 / 8892
Warringtonfire
3,0
1,55 1,05 0,85 WF Report No 166402
0,45 0,45 0,45 0,35 DIBt Zulassung
0,65 0,65 0,65 0,5 Z-21.1-1722
0,8
0,8
0,8
0,8
IBMB Braunschweig
Tested withTektalan-slabs
PB 3136/2315
classification according to DIN
EN 13 502-2:2003 for REI 90
and RE 90 recommended
M10
M12
M16
M20
M10
M12
M16
M20
4,5
10,0
15,0
25,0
10,0
15,0
20,0
35,0
2,2
3,5
7,0
9,0
4,5
7,5
11,5
18,0
1,3
1,8
4,0
7,0
2,7
4,0
7,5
11,5
1,0
1,2
3,0
5,0
1,7
3,0
6,0
9,0
IBMB Braunschweig
UB 3357/0550-1
HT 8 L
HT 10 S
HPD
HKH/HKH-L
HK6
HK6L
HK8
M6
M8
M10
M12
M6
M8
M10
IDMS/IDMR
HVZ + HAS-TZ
HVZ + HAS-R/HAS-HCR-TZ
72
DIBt Berlin; ETA-06/0179

Warringtonfire
WF Report No 166402
0,6
HT 10 L
HK
MFPA Leipzig
PB III/B-07-306
0,7
6/35
HT
IBMB Braunschweig
UB 3613/3891-2 -Nau-
1,0
HA 8 R1
8
F120
Warringtonfire
WF Report No 166402
Warringtonfire
WF Report No 166402
6 / 2010
Resistance to fire
Anchor / fastener
HVU + HAS
HVU + HAS-R/HAS-E-R +
HVU + HAS-HCR/HAS-E-HCR
HVU + HIS-N
HVU + HIS-RN
HIT-RE 500-SD + HIT-V
6 / 2010
Size

in minutes)
F30
F60
F90
F120
1,5
4,5
10,0
15,0
25,0
35,0
40,0
50,0
60,0
70,0
85,0
2,0
6,0
10,0
20,0
36,0
56,0
65,0
85,0
1,5
4,5
10,0
15,0
0,8
2,2
3,5
5,0
9,0
12,0
13,5
17,0
20,0
24,0
29,0
0,8
3,5
6,0
13,5
25,5
38,0
44,0
58,0
68,0
82,0
96,0
0,8
2,2
3,5
5,0
0,5
1,3
1,8
4,0
7,0
9,5
11,0
14,0
16,5
19,5
23,5
0,5
1,5
3,0
7,5
15,0
24,0
27,0
36,0
42,0
51,0
60,0
0,5
1,3
1,8
4,0
0,4
0,9
1,0
3,0
5,0
8,0
9,0
11,0
13,5
16,0
19,5
0,4
1,0
2,5
6,0
10,0
16,0
18,0
24,0
28,0
34,0
40,0
0,4
0,9
1,0
3,0
M20
25,0
9,0
7,0
5,0
M8
M10
M12
M16
10,0
20,0
30,0
50,0
5,0
9,0
12,0
15,0
1,8
4,0
5,0
7,5
1,0
2,0
3,0
6,0
M20
65,0
35,0
15,0
10,0
M8
M10
M12
M16
M20
M24
M27
2,3
3,7
5,3
10,0
15,6
22,5
29,2
1,08
1,9
2,76
5,4
8,46
15,8
0,5
0,96
1,59
3,1
4,5
7,0
9,1
0,28
0,59
1,0
1,97
2,79
4,4
5,7
M30
35,7
19,3
11,1
7,0
M8
M10
M12
M16
M20
M24
M27
M30
M33
M36
M39
M8
M10
M12
M16
M20
M24
M27
M30
M33
M36
M39
M8
M10
M12
M16
100,0
120,0
140,0
12,19
IBMB Braunschweig
UB- 3333/0891-1
Warringtonfire
WF Report No 166402
IBMB Braunschweig
UB- 3333/0891-1
Warringtonfire
WF Report No 166402
IBMB Braunschweig
UB- 3333/0891-1
Warringtonfire
WF Report No 166402
IBMB Braunschweig
UB- 3333/0891-1
Warringtonfire
WF Report No 166402
MFPA Leipzig
GS-lll/B-07-070
Warringtonfire
WF Report No 172920
Loads for standard embedment
depth, for variable embedment
depth see test report.
73
Resistance to fire
Anchor / fastener
HIT-RE 500-SD +
HIT-VR/HIT-V-HCR
HIT-RE 500-SD + HIS-N
HIT-RE 500-SD + HIS-RN
HIT-RE 500 + HAS/HAS-E/HIT-V
HIT-RE 500 + HAS-R/HAS-ER/

HAS-HCR/HIT-V-R/HIT-V-HCR
74
Size

in minutes)
F30
F60
F90
F120
M8
M10
M12
M16
M20
M24
M27
M30
2,42
3,8
6,5
12,1
18,8
27,2
35,3
43,2
1,08
1,9
4,2
8,6
15,9
23,0
29,9
36,5
0,5
0,96
2,3
4,8
12,2
18,8
24,4
29,9
0,28
0,59
1,5
3,2
10,5
16,7
21,7
26,5
M8
2,3
1,26
0,73
M10
3,7
2,0
1,15
0,46 MFPA Leipzig

GS-lll/B-07-070
0,73
M12
5,3
2,9
1,68
M16
10,0
5,4
3,1
1,06 Warringtonfire
WF Report No 172920
1,97
M20
15,6
8,4
4,87
3,08
M8
2,4
1,88
1,3
M10
3,8
2,98
2,1
1,07 MFPA Leipzig

GS-lll/B-07-070
1,69
M12
6,5
5,5
4,5
4,0
M16
12,1
10,2
8,3
7,4
M20
18,8
15,9
13,0
11,6
M8
M10
M12
M16
M20
M24
M27
M30
M33
M36
M39
M8
M10
M12
M16
M20
M24
M27
M30
M33
M36
M39
2,3
3,7
5,3
10,0
15,6
22,5
29,2
35,7
44,2
58,5
62,2
2,4
3,8
6,5
12,1
18,8
27,2
35,3
43,2
53,4
70,6
75,2
1,26
2,0
2,9
5,4
8,4
12,1
15,8
19,3
23,9
31,6
33,6
1,88
2,98
5,5
10,2
15,9
23,0
29,9
36,5
45,2
59,7
63,6
0,73
1,15
1,68
3,1
4,8
7,0
9,1
11,1
13,8
18,2
19,4
1,34
2,1
4,5
8,3
13,0
18,8
24,4
29,9
37,0
48,9
52,0
0,46
0,73
1,06
1,97
3,08
4,4
5,7
7,0
8,7
11,5
12,2
1,07
1,69
4,0
7,4
11,6
16,7
21,7
26,5
32,8
43,4
46,2
MFPA Leipzig
GS-lll/B-07-070
Warringtonfire
WF Report No 172920
Loads for standard embedment
depth, for variable embedment
depth see test report.
Warringtonfire
WF Report No 172920
IBMB Braunschweig
PB 3588/4825-CM,
& supplement letter 412/2008
Warringtonfire
WF Report No 172920
IBMB Braunschweig
Test Report 3565 / 4595,
Warringtonfire
WF Report No 172920
6 / 2010
Resistance to fire
Anchor / fastener
HIT-RE 500 +HIS-N
HIT-RE 500 +HIS-RN
HIT-HY 150 + HAS/HAS-E/HIT-V
HIT-HY 150 + HAS-R/ HAS-ER/

HAS-HCR/HAS-E-HCR/HIT-V-R/
HIT-V-HCR
6 / 2010
Size

in minutes)
F30
F60
F90
F120
M8
2,3
1,2
0,7
0,4
M10
3,7
2,0
1,1
0,7
M12
5,3
2,9
1,68
M16
10,0
5,4
3,1
M20
15,6
8,4
4,87
1,06 Warringtonfire
1,97
WF Report No 172920
3,08
M8
2,3
1,2
0,7
0,4
M10
3,8
2,98
2,1
1,69
M12
6,5
5,5
4,5
4,0
M16
12,1
10,2
8,3
7,4
M20
18,9
15,9
13,0
11,6
M8
M10
M12
M16
M20
M24
M27
M30
M8
M10
M12
M16
M20
M24
M27
M30
2,7
3,6
6,0
7,0
12,5
16,0
28,5
34,5
2,7
3,6
6,0
7,0
12,5
16,0
29,9
36,5
1,1
1,9
3,5
5,0
10,0
12,5
24,0
29,3
1,3
1,9
4,6
5,0
10,0
12,5
24,0
29,3
0,5
1,0
2,0
3,2
7,0
10,0
14,8
18,1
0,5
1,0
2,3
3,2
8,0
10,0
14,8
18,1
0,4
0,6
1,2
2,0
5,0
8,0
10,2
12,5
0,4
0,6
1,6
2,0
6,5
8,5
10,2
12,5
IBMB Braunschweig
PB 3588/4825-CM Brunswick
IBMB Braunschweig
PB 3588/4825-CM Brunswick
Warringtonfire
WF Report No 172920
IBMB Braunschweig
UB 3027/0274-6
& supplement letters
Br. 080/Nau & 416/2008
Warringtonfire
WF Report No 172920
IBMB Braunschweig
UB 3027/0274-6
& supplement letters
Br. 080/Nau & 416/2008
Warringtonfire
WF Report No 172920
75
Resistance to fire
Anchor / fastener
Size

in minutes)
F30
HIT-HY 70 hef = 80 mm
(HLz, MVz, KSL, KSV)
M8
2,0
F60
0,4
F90
0,2
F120
MFPA Leipzig
PB III/B-07-157
Warringtonfire
WF Report No 166402
HIT-HY 70 hef = 130 mm (HLz, MVz,

KSL, KSV)
HIT-HY 70 hef = 80 mm (Autoclaved
aerated concrete masonry units)
HIT-HY 70 hef = 130 mm
(Autoclaved aerated concrete
masonry units)
HIT-HY 70 hef = 80 and 130mm
(Brick ceiling)
76
M10
2,0
0,4
0,2
M12
2,0
0,4
0,2
M8
M10
M12
M8
M10
M12
M8
M10
M12
2,0
3,6
5,9
2,0
2,0
2,0
2,0
2,0
2,0
1,2
1,9
3,0
0,4
0,4
0,4
0,8
1,0
1,2
0,7
1,1
1,5
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,6
0,8
1,0
M6
0,7
0,4
0,2
MFPA Leipzig
PB III/B-07-157
Warringtonfire
WF Report No 166402
6 / 2010
Resistance to fire
Tested fasteners
for passive structural fire prevention
Tested according to the german tunnel temperature curve
MFPA Leipzig
GmbH
Tested according to the german

tunnel temperature curve
(ZTV-ING, part 5).
Tested when set in cracked

concrete and exposed to flames
without insulating or protective
measures.
Anchor / fastener
Size

specified fire
rating/integrity
HST-HCR
M10
1,0
M12
1,5
M16
2,5
M20
6,0
M20
0,20 a)
0,30 a)
0,50 a)
1,10 a)
0,5
0,8
2,5
5,0
6,0
M10
1,5
M12
2,5
M16
6,0
M20
8,0
M8
0,5
M10
1,5
M12
1,5
M16
5,0
HUS-HR
8
10
14
HKD-SR
M8
M10
M12
M16
HVU-TZ + HAS-HCR
HVU + HAS-HCR
a)
6 / 2010
Authority/No.
IBMB Braunschweig
UB 3332/0881-2-CM
Warringtonfire
WF-Report No 166402
MFPA Leipzig
PB III/08-354
IBMB Braunschweig
UB 3027/0274-4
& supplement letter 133/00-NauWarringtonfire
WF-Report No 166402
IBMB Braunschweig
UB 3357/0550-2
Warringtonfire
WF-Report No 166402
IBMB Braunschweig
UB 3333/0891-2
Warringtonfire
WF-Report No 166402
Tested according tunnel temperature curve EBA
77

Tehnologia Ancorarii FTM 2010 1

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Anchor technology

Anchor technology and design

Safety relevant fastening at facades

Fastening through in place parts e.g.

HSA/-R/-F stud anchor

Fastening through in place parts like

HSV stud anchor

HLC sleeve anchor

HAM hard sleeve anchor

Hollow brick masonry

Solid brick masonry

Anchor fastening for high loads e.g.

Approval for dynamic loads

Pre-stressed concrete hollow deck

HSL-3 heavy duty anchor

HSC-A(R) /-I(R) safety anchor

HST/-R/-HCR stud anchor

Mechanical anchor systems

Medium and light duty

Fastening through in place parts

= may be suitable per application

Temporary fastenings in concrete

Integrated plastic section to

Drill bit dia.:

Drill bit dia.:

Drill bit dia.:

Drill bit dia.:

Stainless steel A4 (1.4401)

Stainless steel A2 (1.4303)

HCR steel (1.4529)

Approval for dynamic loads

Pre-stressed concrete hollow deck

Hollow brick masonry

Fastening channels, brackets, racks,

HUS-H screw anchor

Fastening channels, brackets, racks,

HUS-P 6, HUS-I 6 screw anchor

Fastening channels, brackets, racks,

HUS 6 screw anchor

Fastening light channels, brackets,

HKD push-in anchor

Fastening with threaded rods for

HKV push-in anchor

HUD-1 universal anchor

HUD-L universal anchor

Fastenings to weak material with

Solid brick masonry

HUS-HR screw anchor

Medium and light duty

HLD light duty anchor

Fastening with threaded rods for

= may be suitable per application

Screw driven straight into base

Drill bit dia.:

Screw driven straight into base

Drill bit dia.:

Drill bit dia.:

Drill bit dia.:

Drill bit dia.:

HCR steel (1.4529)

Stainless steel A4 (1.4401)

Stainless steel A2 (1.4303)

Drill bit dia.:

Drill bit dia.: