Yarn and fabric Manufacturing

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Yarn and fabric Manufacturing

Professor Dr. Md. Rezaul Karim Sheikh
Depart of Applied Chemistry & Chem. Enginnering
Rajshahi University

Edited by: Md. Parbhez

Introduction

If you go to a shop to buy fabric for your dress, you would see a variety of fabrics there.
Do you wonder what these fabrics are made of?
How you get variety in fabrics?
Why are some materials warm, some soft and others rough?
Why do some materials go bad after washing while others remain the same?

Yarn

Do you remember pulling a thread from a cloth and opening it?

Yes, you found hair like fibres. That thread which was made of fibres is called yarn.
Yarns are made up of a number of fibres twisted together.
Fibres are thin and small and cannot be made into a fabric directly.
So they are first converted into yarns which are longer,
thicker and stronger. We use these yarns to make fabrics.
A yarns is a continuous strand made up of a number of fibres which are twisted together

Yarn Making
The process of making yarns from fibres is called spinning.
Here the fibres are not only twisted but also pulled out or drawn.
The spinning process helps to hold the fibres together and makes the yarns strong,
smooth and fine.
Spinning can be done by using a takli (spindle), a charkha or a spinning machine.

Steps to Commercial Fiber Processing

The steps for fibre processing is different for different fibre. The common steps for sheep's
wool processing are bellow:
Shearing shaving the hair from the sheep's body.
Scouring -the removal of all impurities from grease wool, using water, detergent, and
sometimes a mild alkali.
Drying- The amount of water held by the wool is reduce to below 15%. Moisture in
wool is removed by hot, dry air blown through the wool prior to being exhausted from
the dryer.
Sorting: The hairy skin is sent to a factory where hair of different textures are separated
or sorted.
Carding: The woollen fibres are disentangled and straightned into a continuous form.

Edited by: Md. Parbhez

Yarn and fabric Manufacturing

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Combing: is a method for preparing carded fiber for spinning. The combing is divided
into linear and circular combing. Noble comb is an example of circular combing.
Spinning: is a major part of the textile industry. It is part of the textile manufacturing
process where three types of fibre are converted into yarn
Weaving: is a method of fabric production in which two distinct sets of yarns or threads
are interlaced at right angles to form a fabric or cloth.
Knitting: is a method by which thread or yarn is used to create a cloth. Knitted fabric consists
of a number of consecutive rows of loops, called stitches. As each row progresses, a new loop
is pulled through an existing loop. The active stitches are held on a needle until another loop
can be passed through them. This process eventually results in a fabric, often used for blankets
or garments, lace making, Felting, Braiding or plaiting:

Edited by: Md. Parbhez