Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
April 2013
by the Research Center for
Renewable Energy Mapping and Assessment
(ReCREMA)
Disclaimer
This report was prepared by the Masdar Institute of Science & Technology (MI) and
sponsored by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for the United Arab Emirates (MoFA), the
Dubai Supreme Council of Energy (DSCE) , and the Environment Agency of Abu Dhabi
(EAD). Neither MI, the UAE Government, MoFA, DSCE, EAD nor any other agency of
the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Dubai or Abu Dhabi governments, nor any of their
respective employees, agents and/or assigns, make any warranty, express or implied,
and shall not be liable or responsible for, the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of
any information, apparatus, product, and/or process disclosed, nor represent that its
use would not infringe the rights of any third party. The views and opinions of authors
expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the UAE, Dubai and/or
Abu Dhabi governments or any agency thereof.
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List of abbreviations
CSP: concentrating solar power
DHI: diffuse horizontal irradiance (W/m2)
DNI: direct normal irradiance (W/m2)
GHI: global horizontal irradiance (W/m2)
GTI: global tilt irradiance (W/m2)
HRV: high-resolution visible channel
IRENA: International Renewable Energy Agency
MSG: Meteosat Second Generation satellite
ReCREMA: Research Center for Renewable Energy Mapping and Assessment
rMBE: relative mean bias error (%)
rRMSE: relative root mean square error (%)
RSP: Rotating Shadowband Pyranometer
SEVIRI: Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager
SPV: solar photovoltaic
UAE: United Arab Emirates
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1. Overview
The Middle Eastern countries are among the largest oil and gas producing nations,
holding approximately 54.4% oil and 40.5% gas of the worlds total share of proven
reserves (BP, 2011). They are also major contributors of per capita ecological footprint
with UAE topping the list of 150 countries as per WWFs 2010 Living Planet report
(WWF, 2010). Amidst rising global environmental concerns and increased awareness of
dwindling fossil fuel reserves and vulnerable oil prices, a switch towards more energy
efficient ways and integration of alternative resources in the current energy matrix
of the Middle East is deemed inevitable. Historically reliant on fossil fuels for their
economy, the GCC nations- Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and United
Arab Emirates (UAE) - are now determined to foster a meaningful renewable energy
share in their total energy production. Among the countries with discrete renewable
energy targets are the two Emirates of Abu Dhabi and Dubai with an aim of 7% and 5%
by 2020 and 2030, respectively. Several sizeable solar energy capacity additions are
currently under way to meet the goal.
The Arabian Peninsula lies in virtually rainless sunny belt with a typical daily average
solar radiation exceeding 6 kWh/m2 (Alnaser and Alnaser, 2011) and 80-90% clear
skies throughout the year. Among all forms of alternate energy, solar power therefore is
a preferred choice, for its seemingly limitless potential in the GCC region and relatively
well-developed technology and profitability. There is a host of existing and upcoming
solar energy projects in the region with diverse applications, primarily in the form of
technology clusters, utility-scale solar power plants, solar desalination projects and
solar panel manufacturing industry.
Abu Dhabi boasts of a 10 MW solar PV facility supplying power to Masdar in addition
to other pilot projects spread across the UAE. A 100 MW concentrating solar power
(CSP) plant, Shams-1, has been inaugurated in March 2013. That is to be followed by
Shams-2 and Shams-3 with further capacity addition of 150 MW. Moreover, the UAE
PV rooftop program aims to reach 500 MW installed capacity within 20 years. In Dubai,
construction of a solar park was announced in mid-2012 with an aim to produce 10
MW by 2013 using solar photovoltaic (SPV) cell technology and 1000 MW by 2030 on
the completion of all its phases (SCE, 2012).
Availability of solar resource calls for reliable assessment techniques in order to
obtain realistic performance estimates of a given solar application at a given location.
Solar radiation data, magnitude and variability inclusive, is a key input in studying the
April 2013
economic feasibility, selecting the appropriate technology and simulating and optimizing
the solar system design. Eight ground stations measuring solar irradiance have been
set-up across the Abu Dhabi region covering different topographies and are operational
since 2007. Although ground based solar radiation measurements are the best sources
to comprehensively characterize the solar climate, such stations are fairly limited both
in time (recently operational) and space (fewer sites) in the Gulf region. In the absence
of long-term data at the site of interest, developers within solar technology industry, rely
on solar radiation models and satellite-derived data for prompt resource assessment
needs.
While purely empirical models have been widely researched and validated in the
Arabian Peninsulas solar modeling history, they are known to be intrinsically sitespecific and by nature, do not address the atmospheric interactions affecting
the incipient radiation. Development of more robust models requires an in-depth
understanding of sites climate, identification of key irradiance-attenuating parameters
and their appropriate characterization to determine solar irradiance. Most of the
existing models applied in the region typically overestimate solar irradiance, particularly
direct normal irradiance (DNI) - a key input for CSP technology. The bias is primarily
due to the models inability to adequately account for the attenuation and scattering of
solar irradiance by predominant airborne dust. Modeling inaccuracies, however, cannot
be overlooked as they are translated into the design of a system running heavy risk of
economic as well as technical misadventures.
The UAE solar atlas utilizes satellite imagery through a robust ANN model to map the
solar potential across the country (details are provided in Section 2). One of the aims
of the solar atlas project is to bridge the gap between restricted number of existing
ground sites and regional demand for rapid solar technology deployment by providing
reliable and readily available solar irradiance data.
Different solar applications require different components of solar irradiance data. For
example, concentrating collectors require accurate DNI estimations, while flat plate
collectors require global tilt irradiance (GTI) which is derived from the knowledge of
DNI, diffuse horizontal irradiance (DHI), global horizontal irradiance (GHI) and ground
albedo as inputs (Gueymard, 2009; Liu and Jordan, 1963). DHI and DNI are also useful
for daylight applications and cooling load calculations in energy efficient buildings
(Hammer et al., 2003). Therefore, it is important to estimate all the three irradiance
components i.e. GHI, DNI and DHI to make the database suitable for a wide range of
solar applications.
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800
600
400
200
0
0
1200
Estimated GHI (W/m 2)
1200
1000
800
200
400
600
800
Ground Measured GHI (W/m 2)
Best Fit
Diagonal
1000
1200
200
400
600
800
1000
Ground Measured GHI (W/m 2)
800
600
400
200
1200
400
200
1000
1200
0
0
600
0
0
1000
1200
1000
800
200
400
600
800
1000
Ground Measured GHI (W/m 2)
1200
600
400
200
0
0
200
400
600
800
1000
Ground Measured GHI (W/m 2)
1200
Fig. 1: Estimated versus measured GHI for four inland stations in the UAE.
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GHI , Station 4
800
600
y = 0.997x + 7.54
# of points: 2780
RMSE = 63.5W/m 2
rRMSE = 9.54%
MBE = 5.41W/m 2
rMBE = 0.812%
400
200
0
0
200
400
600
800
1000
Ground Measured GHI (W/m 2)
1200
GHI , Station 6
1000
800
600
y = 0.969x + 13.2
# of points: 2720
RMSE = 69.2W/m
rRMSE = 10.1%
MBE = 7.91W/m
rMBE = 1.16%
400
200
0
0
200
400
600
800
1000
Ground Measured GHI (W/m 2)
2
2
1200
To correct the bias, a recalibrated version of the Heliosat-2 model, adapted to the
humid and dusty environment of the Arabian Peninsula, was proposed (Eissa et al.,
2012a). The empirical clear sky DHI equation in Heliosat-2 was recalibrated using
data collected from four stations in the UAE. The modified Heliosat-2 was successfully
applied to estimate the GHI at a 30 min resolution. An rRMSE ranging between 9.5 to
10.3% and rMBE ranging between -1.2 to +0.8% were obtained over the four stations,
shown in Fig. 2.
b) Estimated (Corrected) versus Measured
1200
GHI , Station 5
1000
800
600
y = 0.995x 4.4
# of points: 7493
RMSE = 67.3W/m
rRMSE = 10.2%
MBE = 7.86W/m
rMBE = 1.19%
400
200
0
0
200
400
600
800
1000
Ground Measured GHI (W/m 2)
2
2
1200
GHI , Station 7
1000
800
600
y = 0.983x + 10.7
# of points: 7155
RMSE = 67.8W/m 2
rRMSE = 10.3%
MBE = 0.559W/m 2
rMBE = 0.0852%
400
200
0
0
200
400
600
800
1000
Ground Measured GHI (W/m 2)
1200
Fig. 2: Recalibrated Heliosat-2 GHI versus measured GHI for four inland stations.
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Fig. 3: Flowchart of the ANN model for DNI, DHI and GHI estimations.
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3. Data
The solar radiation model, explained in section 2.2, was developed over the UAE using
both ground data and SEVIRI data, and was then validated against independent ground
data.
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11
3.2.1. Stations
10 min, hourly, daily, monthly and yearly measurements of GHI, DNI and DHI are
available over six stations in the UAE. The ground measurements date back to mid2007 in some of the stations. Data is also available from a ground station in Sir Bani
Yas Island and from Al Mirfa. However, those two stations were not included in the
developed model because their proximity to the coast is unfavorable for satellite data
retrieval. Also, Al Mirfa station was dismantled in 2009.
The location of the stations is illustrated in the map presented in Fig. 4. The spatial
distribution of the ground stations allows better comparison between modeled and
measured solar radiation in different areas with different land cover conditions.
Fig. 4: The ground measurement stations across the UAE used in the development of the model
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3.2.2. Measurements
Ground measurements are collected by a Rotating Shadowband Pyranometer (RSP).
This instrument is a photodiode (silicon) sensor measuring GHI in intervals of seconds
when the rotating shadowband is stationary. The shadowband then makes a whole
rotation around the sensor every minute blocking the DNI, and the measured irradiance
decreases. The smallest value of the measured irradiance during the rotation denotes
the DHI, since at that moment all the DNI is blocked. DNI is then obtained from GHI and
DHI for each 10 min interval. The instantaneous accuracies of the measurements at the
stations are 4.7% for GHI, 6.5% for DHI and 4.1% for DNI.
The choice of measuring sensors was carefully made given that most of the UAE sites
are remote and unattended. The RSP instruments are autonomous and robust; require
minimal power, maintenance and cleaning for reliable operation compared to the
thermopile sensors i.e. pyrheliometers for DNI, pyranometers for GHI and shadow ball
pyranometer for DHI measurements which are highly sensitive to soiling.
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4. Validation
800
# of points: 19720
RMSE = 150W/m 2
rRMSE = 26.1%
MBE = 34.7W/m 2
rMBE = 6.01%
60
50
40
30
400
20
10
0
0
400
800
1200
Ground MeasuredDNI (W/m 2)
# of points: 19720
RMSE = 61.1W/m 2
rRMSE = 25.6%
MBE = 8.66W/m 2
rMBE = 3.63%
400
60
50
40
30
20
200
10
0
0
200 400 600 800
Ground MeasuredDHI (W/m 2)
Results of the applied method have been validated using different datasets. In Eissa et
al. (2013) data from three stations in 2010 were employed to train the model and data
from two stations in 2009 were used to validate the model. In this manner, the training
and testing stations are totally independent, both in location and time (in this case a
different year). At a 15 min temporal resolution and 3 km spatial resolution, for all sky
conditions, the rRMSE values for the DNI, DHI and GHI for the testing stations were
26.1%, 25.6% and 12.4%, respectively, while the rMBE values were -6%, +3.6% and
-2.9%, respectively. Fig. 5 shows the scatter plots for the two testing stations for all sky
conditions.
c) Estimated versus MeasuredGHI
Testing Set for All Sky Conditions
1200
800
# of points: 19720
RMSE = 81.5W/m 2
rRMSE = 12.4%
MBE = 19.4W/m 2
rMBE = 2.93%
60
50
40
30
400
20
10
0
0
400
800
1200
Ground MeasuredGHI (W/m 2)
Fig. 5: Estimated versus measured DNI, DHI and GHI for two independent stations in the UAE.
In a different manner, for all stations the model was trained using data of 2009, and
tested using data from 2010. For all sky conditions, the rRMSE values for the DNI, DHI
and GHI for the testing stations were 18.1%, 19.4% and 8.8%, respectively, while
the rMBE values were -2%, -0.2% and -2.5%, respectively. As shown, the models
performance is consistent in terms of the accuracy for the testing dataset. Therefore,
before applying the model to derive the final solar maps, it was trained using the full
available dataset to train it with the maximum observations available at hand.
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5. Results
The developed ANN model produces DNI, DHI and GHI maps at a 15 min temporal and
a 3 km spatial resolution. Those maps are then used to derive the hourly, daily, monthly
and yearly irradiation maps for all three components. This section will present the
monthly variation in the irradiation values over six of the ground measurement stations,
followed by the variations in the yearly maps and finally the conclusion.
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5.1.1. DNI
In Fig. 6 the estimated direct normal irradiation is plotted with respect to the month
for six stations in the year 2010. This figure shows how the values are highly variable
throughout the different months of the year and that the month of July has the lowest
values. The month of July has high atmospheric turbidity, hence the low values. Table 1
presents the errors involved over five stations with available ground measurements in
2010, no ground measurements are available over Al Sweihan in 2010. The results are
within acceptable error (Gueymard, 2012), with the rMBE ranging from -6.9 to +2.4%
and the rRMSE from 2.9 to 7.5%.
Monthly Direct Normal Irradiation throughout the Year 2010
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
Masdar City
East of Jabal Haffed
Al Aradh
Al Wagan
Madinat Zayed
Al Sweihan
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June July
Month
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Fig. 6: Spatial variability of estimated monthly direct normal irradiation for the year of 2010
Station
Masdar City
East of Jabal Haffed
Al Aradh
Al Wagan
Madinat Zayed
Table 1
April 2013
rRMSE (%)
3.7
7.5
7
2.9
3.1
rMBE (%)
+2.4
-6.9
-5.5
-1.43
-0.5
April 2013
5.1.2. DHI
In Fig. 7 the estimated diffuse horizontal irradiation is plotted with respect to the
month for six stations in the year 2010. This figure shows a clear trend, starting from
the winter months where the diffuse horizontal irradiation almost linearly increases to
peak in July and then linearly decreases to the minimum value in December. Table 2
presents the errors involved over the five stations with available ground measurements
in 2010. The rMBE ranges from -1.6 to +4% and the rRMSE from 2.7 to 5.7%.
Monthly Diffuse Horizontal Irradiation throughout the Year 2010
120
100
80
60
40
Masdar City
East of Jabal Haffed
Al Aradh
Al Wagan
Madinat Zayed
Al Sweihan
20
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June July
Month
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Fig. 7: Spatial variability of estimated diffuse horizontal irradiation for the year of 2010
Station
Masdar City
East of Jabal Haffed
Al Aradh
Al Wagan
Madinat Zayed
rRMSE (%)
3
5.7
3.4
2.7
2.8
rMBE (%)
-0.5
+4
+0.7
-1.6
0
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5.1.3. GHI
Fig. 8 shows the estimated global horizontal irradiation plotted with respect to the
month for six stations in the year 2010. This figure shows that the months of January,
February, November and December receive the least global horizontal irradiation
throughout the year. It is also noticeable that in April and July there are drops in the
global horizontal irradiation values when compared to their respective preceding and
following months. The drop in April may be due to sandstorms which have a higher
frequency of occurring, while the drop in July is due to the highly turbid atmosphere
throughout the month. Table 3 presents the errors involved over those five stations with
available ground measurements in 2010. The rMBE ranges from -3.1 to +1.3% and
the rRMSE from 1.4 to 3.5%.
Monthly Global Horizontal Irradiation throughout the Year 2010
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
Masdar City
East of Jabal Haffed
Al Aradh
Al Wagan
Madinat Zayed
Al Sweihan
Jan.
Feb.
Station
Masdar City
East of Jabal Haffed
Al Aradh
Al Wagan
Madinat Zayed
Mar.
Apr.
May
rRMSE (%)
2.2
3.5
3.4
2.1
1.4
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
rMBE (%)
+1.3
-2.6
-3.1
-1.8
+0.4
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April 2013
5.2.2. DHI
During the year of 2008, the diffuse horizontal irradiation values were generally above
850 kWh/m2. The mid-coastal region of the UAE shows lower values between 750 and
800 kWh/m2.
For the year 2009, values were mainly over 900 kWh/m2, except for some scattered
regions and the Southern and mid-coastal regions.
In 2010, the diffuse horizontal irradiation values were lower than the previous two
years. The values ranged from 825 to 875 kWh/m2, except in some small regions were
this range was exceeded.
5.2.3. GHI
Yearly global horizontal irradiation values ranged from 2100 to 2300 kWh/m2 for all
three years, with values increasing from North to South. However, the year 2010 shows
higher values throughout the UAE than 2008 and 2009.
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6. Conclusions
Countries in the Arabian Peninsula due to their vast solar potential are promising
candidates for solar power deployment. To support larger dissemination of solar
technology in the Gulf region and attract investments for new solar energy capacity,
therefore, requires an accurate knowledge of the spatial and temporal distribution of
solar resources with detailed and bankable data for specific candidate sites.
ReCREMA, in response to UAEs renewable energy drive, has developed a solar
mapping tool presented here-in for the entire country to meet prospecting and resource
assessment needs. Solar irradiance is derived at a 15 min temporal and a 3 km spatial
resolution using six SEVIRI thermal channels, and it has shown promising results when
validated against independent ground measurements. This model is then applied to
derive daily, monthly and yearly irradiation maps for the years 2008 to 2010 over the
UAE.
Annual ranges of direct, diffuse and global horizontal irradiation obtained from the
model vary between 1800-2200, 750-900, 2100-2300 kWh/m2, respectively, over the
course of three years for the UAE region. Monthly irradiation values indicate lowest DNI
for the month of July. There is noticeably high intra-month variation in the DNI and the
trends are similar for all the six stations. DNI irradiation has distinct lows in February,
April, July and November with respect to proceeding and succeeding months. Starting
from the winter months DHI almost linearly increases to peak in July and then linearly
decreases to the minimum value in December. GHI is characteristically lower for winter
months than summers with a distinct peak appearing in May.
UAE solar atlas development is an integral part of the ReCREMAs goal to support
the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) in its advancement of a publiclyaccessible atlas of solar and wind resources, particularly for developing countries. As
a next step to resource assessment, solar technologies for the UAE will be assessed
and proposed based on resource quality, land use, and grid connectivity through
collaboration with local and international partners.
April 2013
April 2013
Acknowledgements
We are grateful to our funding sponsors (MoFA DECC, DSCE and EAD) and inkind contributors (NCMS and Masdar Clean Energy) whose financial support was
instrumental in bringing this project to fruition.
April 2013
7. Publications
Published journal articles
1. Eissa, Y., Chiesa, M., Ghedira, H., 2012. Assessment and recalibration of the
Heliosat-2 method in global horizontal irradiance modeling over the desert environment
of the UAE. Solar Energy. 86, 1816-1825.
2. Eissa, Y., Marpu, P., Gherboudj, I., Ghedira, H., Ouarda, T., Chiesa, M., 2013. Artificial
neural network based model for retrieval of the direct normal, diffuse horizontal and
global horizontal irradiances using SEVIRI images. Solar Energy. 89, 116.
3. Lazzarini, M., Marpu, P., Ghedira, H., 2013. Temperature-land cover interactions: The
inversion of urban heat island phenomenon in desert city areas. Remote Sensing of
Environment. 130, 136-152.
4. Parajuli, S., Gherboudj, I., Ghedira, H., 2013. The effect of soil moisture and wind
speed on aerosol optical thickness retrieval in a desert environment using SEVIRI
thermal channels. International Journal of Remote Sensing. 34(14), 5054-5071.
Journal articles in press/ accepted for publication
1. Lazzarini, M., Ghedira, H., 2013. Assimilation of Earth Observation Variables and
Solar Radiation Parameters in a Surface Energy Balance Model: a Case Study of a
Desert City Area. Accepted in IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters.
Conference Proceedings
1. Al-Shehhi, M.R., Saffarini, R., Farhat, A., Al-Meqbali, N.K., Ghedira, H., Evaluating the
effect of soil moisture, surface temperature, and humidity variations on MODIS-derived
NDVI values. IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS),
Vancouver, Canada, pp. 3160-3163 (24-29 July, 2011).
2 Parajuli, S.P., Ghedira, H., Gherboudj, I., Effect of soil moisture and land cover on dust
generation in desert and arid environment. IEEE International Geoscience and Remote
Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), Vancouver, Canada, pp. 3070-3073 (24-29 July, 2011).
3. Eissa, Y., Ghedira, H., Seasonal and geographical variation of Linke turbidity factor
and its effect on global horizontal irradiance estimation: UAE case study. Abstract#
A11H-0188 presented at 2011 Fall Meeting, American Geophysical Union, AGU, San
Francisco, Calif. (5-9 Dec, 2011).
4. Gherboudj, I., Parajuli, S. P., Ghedira, H., Evaluation of SEVIRI Thermal Infra-Red data
for airborne dust detection in an arid regions: the UAE case study. Abstract# A53C0188 presented at 2011 Fall Meeting, AGU, San Francisco, Calif. (5-9 Dec, 2011).
April 2013
5. Lee, W.; Ghedira, H.; Ouarda, T.; Gherboudj, I. (2011) Analysis and characterization
of the vertical wind profile in UAE. Abstract # GC41D-0845 presented at 2011 Fall
Meeting, AGU, San Francisco, Calif. (5-9 Dec, 2011).
6. Moran, S. M., Bilair, S., Isaksen, L., de Rosnay, P., Zhan, X., Ghedira, H., Yang, Z.,
Mueller, R., Ines, A. M., Zebiak, S. E., Champagne, C., Brown, M., Escobar, V., Weiss,
B., Pre-launch research to integrate NASA SMAP soil moisture and freeze/thaw state
products in applications. Abstract# H21J-07 presented at 2011 Fall Meeting, AGU, San
Francisco, Calif. (5-9 Dec, 2011).
7. Parajuli, S. P., Ghedira, H., Gherboudj, I., A neural networks based method to
estimate higher resolution aerosol optical thickness using historical data sets of SEVIRI
dust indices, soil moisture and wind speed. Abstract# A53C-0368 presented at 2011
Fall Meeting, AGU, San Francisco, Calif. (5-9 Dec, 2011).
8. Ghedira, H., Gherboudj, I., Parajuli, S., Evaluation of simulated SMAP data on
airborne dust monitoring and mapping over the UAE. 12th Specialist Meeting on
Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of the Environment, University of Rome,
Italy (5-9 Mar, 2012).
9. Eissa, Y., Ghedira, H., Chiesa, M., Marpu, P. R., Ouarda, T. B.M.J., Recalibration
of Heliosat-2 method for global horizontal irradiance estimation in dusty and humid
environments. World Renewable Energy Forum, Denver, CO, ID#0206 (13-17 May,
2012).
10. Eissa, Y., Marpu, P. R., Ghedira, H., Ouarda, T. B.M.J., Chiesa, M., Analyzing
temporal and spatial variations of direct normal, diffuse horizontal and global horizontal
irradiances estimated from an artificial neural network based model. World Renewable
Energy Forum, Denver, CO, ID#0279 (13-17 May, 2012).
11. Eissa, Y., Marpu, P. R., Ghedira, H., Ouarda, T. B.M.J., Chiesa, M., An artificial neural
network based approach for estimating direct normal, diffuse horizontal and global
horizontal irradiances using satellite images. World Renewable Energy Forum, Denver,
CO, ID#0204 (13-17 May, 2012).
12. Al-Shehhi, M., Gherboudj, I., H. Ghedira., Temporal-spatial analysis of chlorophyll
concentration associated with dust and wind characteristics in the Arabian Gulf.
Proceedings of the OCEANS12, MTS/IEEE, Yeosu, South Korea 120112-013 (21-24
May, 2012).
13. Lazzarini, M., Marpu, P., H. Ghedira., Temperature-land cover interactions: the
inversion of urban heat Island phenomenon in desert city areas. Taking the temperature
of the Earth Workshop, Edinburgh, UK (25-27 June, 2012).
14. Parajuli, S., Gherboudj, I., and Ghedira, H., Evaluation of the effect of soil moisture
and wind speed on dust emission using AERONET, SEVIRI, soil moisture and wind speed
data. IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), Munich,
Germany, pp. 1329-1332 (22-27 July, 2012).
April 2013
15. Eissa, Y., Ghedira, H., Ouarda, T., Chiesa, M., Dust detection over bright surfaces
using high-resolution visible SEVIRI images. IEEE International Geoscience and Remote
Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), Munich, Germany, pp. 3674-3677 (22-27 July, 2012).
16. Gherboudj, I., Ghedira, H., Retrieving Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) over the
desert of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) using MSG/SEVIRI infrared measurements.
IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), Munich,
Germany, pp. 4213-4216 (22-27 July, 2012).
17. Al Shehhi, M., Gherboudj, I., Ghedira, H., A study on the effect of dust and wind on
phytoplankton activities in the Arabian Gulf. IEEE International Geoscience and Remote
Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), Munich, Germany, pp. 2571-2574 (22-27 July, 2012).
18. Lazzarini, M., Marpu, P., Ghedira, H., Land cover and land surface temperature
interactions in desert areas: a case study of Abu Dhabi (UAE). IEEE International
Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), Munich, Germany, pp. 63256328 (22-27 July, 2012).
19. Lazzarini, M. and Ghedira, H., Temporal analysis of urban heat island and radiation
balance for a desert urban area. IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing
Symposium (IGARSS), Munich, Germany (22-27 July, 2012).
20. Munawwar, S., Eissa, Y., Ghedira, H., Chiesa, M., Challenges of satellite-based
solar resource assessment in dusty environment: the UAE case study. SolarPACES,
Marrakech, Morocco (11-14 Sept, 2012).
21. Oumbe, A., H. Bru, Z. Hassar, P. Blanc, L. Wald, A. Fournier, D. Goffe, M. Chiesa,
H. Ghedira, Selection and implementation of aerosol data for the prediction of solar
resource in United Arab Emirates. SolarPACES, Marrakech, Morocco (11-14 Sept,
2012).
22. Eissa, Y., Marpu, P. R., Ghedira, H., Chiesa, M., SEVIRI-derived direct normal
irradiance using Heliosat-2 global horizontal irradiance and a neural network ensemble:
a comparison. EuroSun, Rijeka, Croatia (18-20 Sept, 2012).
23. Eissa, Y., Marpu, P. R., Ghedira, H., Ouarda, T. B.M.J., Chiesa, M., Near-nowcasting
tool for direct normal and global horizontal irradiance estimations using SEVIRI images.
EuroSun, Rijeka, Croatia (18-20 Sept, 2012).
24. Eissa, Y., Marpu, P. R., Ghedira, H., Chiesa, M., Temporal and spatial assessment
of yearly solar maps derived from satellite images over the UAE and Qatar. Abstract#
A11I-0164 presented at 2012 Fall Meeting, AGU, San Francisco, Calif. (3-7 Dec,
2012).
25. Ghedira, H., Eissa, Y., A comparison between Heliosat-2 and artificial neural
network methods for global horizontal irradiance retrievals over desert environments.
Abstract# A31F-0084 presented at 2012 Fall Meeting, AGU, San Francisco, Calif. (3-7
Dec, 2012).
April 2013
26. Marpu, P. R., Eissa, Y., Al Meqbali, N., Ghedira, H., Dust indicator maps for
improving solar radiation estimation from satellite data. Abstract# A11I-0165 presented
at 2012 Fall Meeting, AGU, San Francisco, Calif. (3-7 Dec, 2012).
27. Munawwar, S., Ghedira, H., Towards Building Reliable, High-Accuracy Solar
Irradiance Database For Arid Climates. Abstract# A11I-0166 presented at 2012 Fall
Meeting, AGU, San Francisco, Calif. (3-7 Dec, 2012).
28. Alsharif, I., Ghedira, H. (2012) Assessing the attenuating effects of water vapor
and airborne dust on solar energy resources in arid environments. Abstract# A11I0168presented at 2012 Fall Meeting, AGU, San Francisco, Calif. (3-7 Dec, 2012).
29. Oumbe, A., Bru, H., Ghedira, H., Chiesa, M., Blanc, P., Wald, L. (2012) Using
AERONET to complement irradiance networks on the validation of satellite-based
estimations. Abstract# A11I-0172 presented at 2012 Fall Meeting, AGU, San Francisco,
Calif. (3-7 Dec, 2012).
April 2013
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April 2013
9. Stakeholders
April 2013