Homework 2

MATH 5321
November 12, 2014

CHAPTER THREE
Problems 4,9

GROUP 4
MEMBERS
AUSMITA BARMAN
MOHAMMAD ARIFUR RAHMAN

Homework 2
Question 4.
Find the upper and lower limits of the sequence {sn } defined by
s1 = 0;

s2m =

s2m1
;
2

s2m+1 =

1
+ s2m .
2

Solution:
We first want to show by induction,
s2m =

Claim: s2m =

2m 1
;
2m+1

s2m+1 =

2m+1 1
.
2m+1

2m 1
2m+1

First, for m = 0, we get

s0 = 0 =

20 1
20
2m 1
2m+1

The next step is to assume for our induction hypothesis that s2m =
when substituting in m + 1 for m. This follows from the fact that
s2(m+1)

s2(m+1)1
s2m+1
=
=
=
2
2

Claim: s2m+1 =

1
2

+ s2m
=
2

1
2

2m 1
2m+1

2m
2m+1

+
2

and try to prove this formula

2m 1
2m+1

2m+1 1
2m+1

2m+1 1
2(m+1)+1

2m+1 1
2m+1

First, for m = 0, we get

s1 =

21 1
1
=
2
21

The next step is to assume for our induction hypothesis that s2m+1 =
when substituting in m + 1 for m. This follows from the fact that
s2(m+1)+1

1 s2m+1
1
1
= +
= + s2(m+1) = +
2
2
2
2

2m+1 1
2m+1

2m+1
2m+1

2m+1 1
2m+1

m+1

+ 2 2m+11
=
2

Now, using these two results we have,

2m 1
1
1
2m 1
lim
=
=
m+1
m
m 2
2 m 2
2

lim s2m = lim

2m+1 1
=1
m
2m+1

lim s2m+1 = lim

Therefore, we get the upper limit of {sn } is 1 and the lower limit of {sn } is 21 .

and try to prove this formula

2m+2 1
2m+1

2(m+1)+1 1
2(m+1)+1

Homework 2
Question 9.
Find the radius of convergence of each of the following power series:
(a) n3 z n
n

(b) 2n! z n
n

(c) 2n2 z n
3

(d) 3nn z n

(a) n3 z n

Solution:
By Theorem 3.39, the radius of convergence of the power series is given by R =
p
3
= lim sup n |n3 | = lim n n = 1

Since = 1, then the radius of Convergence, R =

1
1

=1

(b) 2n! z n
Solution:
Using the ratio test, the series converges if ,
2n+1

n+1

an+1
(n+1)! z
lim sup |
| = lim | 2n n
n
an
n
n! z

| = lim

which is true for all z, so the radius of convergence is, R = .

2|z|
=0<1
n+1

where is defined as

Homework 2
Question 9.

(c) 2n2 z n
Solution:
By Theorem 3.39, the radius of convergence of the power series is given by R =
r
2n
2
2
n
= 2 =2
= lim sup | 2 | =
1
2
n
1
n
( lim n n )

where is defined as

Since = 2, then the radius of Convergence, R =

1
2

(d) 3nn z n
Solution: By Theorem 3.39, the radius of convergence of the power series is given by R =
is defined as
r
= lim sup
n

Since =

1
3,

( lim n n )3
n3
13
1
| n | = n
=
=
3
3
3
3

then the radius of Convergence, R =

1
1
3

=3

where