1.

(a) There are 10 buses running between two towns X and Y. In how many ways can a man go
from X to Y and return by a different bus.
(b) Each section in first year of plus two course has exactly 30 students. If there are 3 sections, in
how many ways can a set of 3 students representatives be selected from each section.

2.

(a) How many numbers are there between 100 and 1000 such that every digit is either 2 to 9?
(b) How many odd numbers less than 1000 can be formed using the digits 0, 2, 5, 7 (repetition of
digits are allowed).

3.

(a) A coin is tossed three times and outcomes are recorded. Use the product rule to determine
the number of possible outcomes. Then list all the outcomes.
(b) Two persons go in a railway carriage where there are 6 vacent seats. In how many different
ways can they seat themselves?

4.

(a) In how many ways can 2 prizes be awarded to 9 contestants provided no contestant gets both
the prizes.
(b) There are three mathematics teachers in a college in which there are 6 classes, in how many
different ways can they choose the classes, provided one teaches one class only.

5.

How many numbers are there between 100 and 1000 such that 7 is in the units place.

6.

(a) How many automobile license plates can be made if the inscription on each contains two
different letters followed by three different digits.
(b) How many 2-digit numbers can be formed from the digit 8, 1, 3, 5 and 4 assuming
(i) repetition of digits is allowed?
(ii) repetition of digit is not allowed?

7.

(a) There are 12 true-false questions in an examination. How many sequences of answers are
possible?
(b) To pass an examination a student has to pass in each of the 3 papers. In how many ways can
student fail in the examination?

8.

(a) How many seven-digit phone numbers are possible if 0 and 1 cannot be used as the first digit
and the first three digits cannot be 555, 411, or 936?
(b) There are five routes for journey from station A to station B. In how many different ways can a
man go from A to B and return, if for returning
(i) any of the routes is taken
(ii) the same route is taken
(iii) the same route is not taken.

9.

(a) For a set of five true-or false questions, no student has written the all-correct answers, and no
two students have given the same sequence of answers. What is the maximum number of
students in the class, for this to be possible.
(b) In how many of the permutation of n things taken r at a time will 5 things (i) always occur, (ii)
never occur?

10.

(a) Prove that the number of ways in which n books can be placed on a shelf when two particular
books are never together is (n 2) x (n 1)!.
(b) In how many ways can 6 boys and 4 girls be arranged in a straight line to that no two girls are
ever together.

11.

(a) How many different numbers can be formed by permuting the digits 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, when taken
all at a time, and what is their sum?
(b) In how many ways can the letters of the word INDIA be arranged?

12.

(a) How many signals can be made by hoisting 2 blue, 2 red and 5 yellow flags on a pole at the
same time?
(b) A coin is tossed 6 times. In how many different ways can we obtain 4 heads and 2 tails?

13.

(a) How many numbers can be formed with digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2, 1, so that odd digits always
occupy the odd places?
(b) In how many ways can the letters of the word ARRANGE be arranged? If the two Rs do not
occur together, then how many arrangements can be made? If besides the two Rs, the two As
also do not occur together, how many permutations will be obtained.

14.

(a) In how many ways can 5 prizes be given away to 4 boys, when each boy is eligible for all the
prizes.
(b) How many numbers each containing four digits can be formed?

15.

(a) 20 persons were invited for a party. In how many ways can they and the host be seated at a
circular table? In how many of these ways will two particular persons be seated on either side of
the host?
(b) In how many ways can a party of 4 boys and 4 girls be seated at a circular table so that no 2
boys are adjacent?

16.

Find the number of ways in which 10 different flowers can be strung to form a garland so that 4
particular flowers are never separated.

17.

(a) In how many ways can 7 persons sit around a table so that all shall not have the same
neighbours in any two arrangements.
(b) A round table conference is to be held between delegates of 20 countries. In how many ways
can they be seated if two particular delegates are.
(i) always together
(ii) never together?

18.

(a) If out of 6 flags any number of flags can be shown at a time, find how many different signals
can be made out of them.
(b) In how many of the permutations of n things taken r together will three given things
(i) not occur, (ii) always occur?

19.

(a) How many different words beginning and ending with a consonant, can be made out of the
letters of the word EQUATION?
(b)
(i) How many different numbers of six digits can be formed with the digits 3, 1, 7, 0, 9, 5?
(ii) How many of them are divisible by 10?
(iii) How many of them will have zero in the tens place?

20.

(a) How many 5-digit telephone numbers can be formed with digits 0, 1, 2, , 8, 9 if each number
starts with 35 and no digit appears more than once?
(b) How many different words can be formed of the letters of the word MALENKOV so that
(i) no two vowels are together,
(ii) the relative positions of the vowels and consonants remain unaltered,
(iii) the vowels may occupy odd places?

21.

(a) How many signals can be made by hoisting 5 flags of different colours?
(b) Find the number of permutations of the letters of the word
(i) INDIA
(ii) ALLAHABAD
(iii) CHANDIGARH
(iv) COMMISSION

22.

(a) There are 5 red, 4 white and 3 blue marbles in a bag. They are drawn one by one and
arranged in a row. Assuming that all the 12 marbles are drawn, determine the number of different
arrangements.
(b) How many 7-digit numbers can be formed using the digits 1, 2, 0, 2, 4, 2 and 4?

23.

(a)
(i) Find how many arrangements can be made with the letters of the word
MATHEMATICS?
(ii) In how many of them the vowels occur together?

(b) In how many different ways can the letters of the word SALOON be arranged?
(i) If the two Os must not come together;
(ii) If the consonants and vowels must occupy alternate places.
24.

In how many ways can 3 letters be posted in four letter boxes in a village? If all the three letters
are not posted in the same letter box, find the corresponding number of ways of posting.

25.

(a) A committee of 11 members sits at a round table. In how many ways can they be seated if the
President and the Secretary choose to sit together?
(b) There are 5 gentlemen and 4 ladies to dine at a round table. In how many ways can they seat
themselves so that no two ladies are together?
(c) Find the number of ways in which n things of which r are alike, can be arranged in a circular
order.

26.

(a) In how many ways 6 gentlemen and 3 ladies can be seated round a table so that every
gentleman way have a lady by his side.
(b) The letters of the word ZENITH are written in all possible orders. How many words are
possible if all these words are written out as in a dictionary? What is the rank of the word
ZENITH?
(c) In how many ways can 4 persons be selected from amongst 9 persons? How many times will
a particular person be always selected?

27.

(a) Find the number of diagonals that can be drawn by joining the angular points of a heptagon.
(b) A committee of 4 is to be selected from amongst 5 boys and 6 girls. In how many ways can
this be done so as to include (i) exactly one girl, (ii) at least one girl?
(c) There are 5 questions in question paper. In how many ways can a boy solve one or more
questions?

28.

(a) Prove that from the letters of the sentence, Daddy did a deadly deed, one or more letters can
be selected in 1919 ways.
(b) In how many ways can 15 things be divided into 3 groups containing 8, 4 and 3 things
respectively?
(c) In how many ways can 18 different books be divided equally among 3 students?

29.

(a) In how many ways can 52 playing cards be placed in 4 heaps of 13 cards each? In how many
ways can they be dealt out to four players giving 13 cards each?
(b) How many different words, each containing 2 vowels and 3 consonants can be formed with 5
vowels and 17 consonants?
(c) Find the number of (i) combinations (ii) permutations of four letters taken from the word
EXAMINATION.

30.

(a) In how many ways can a committee of 4 be selected out of 12 persons so that a particular
person may (i) always be taken (ii) never be taken?
(b) In how many ways can a team of 11 players be selected from 14 players when two of them
can play as goalkeepers only?
(c) A person has got 12 friends of whom 8 are relatives. In how many ways can he invite 7 guests
such that 5 of them may be relatives?

31.

(a) How many diagonals are there in a polygon of (i) 8 sides,

(ii) 10 sides?
(b) Sixteen clerkships are vacant in a merchants office. How many different batches of men can
be chosen out of 20 candidates? How often may any particular candidate be selected?
(c) In how many ways can a committee, consisting of a chairman, secretary, treasurer and four
ordinary members be chosen from eight persons?

32.

(a) In how many ways can a student choose 5 courses out of 9 courses if 2 courses are
compulsory for every student?

(b) In how many ways can we select a cricket eleven from 17 players in which 5 players can
bowl? Each cricket team must include 2 bowers.
33.

How many committees of 5 members each can be formed with 8 officials and 4 non-official
members in the following cases:
(a) each consists of 3 officials and 2 non-official members;
(b) each contains at least two non-official members;
(c) a particular official member is never included;
(d) a particular non-official member is always included?

34.

How many different groups can be selected for playing tennis out of 4 ladies and 3 gentlemen,
there being one lady and one gentleman on each side?

35.

(a) Prove that if C3 + C4 > C3 then n > 7.

(b) In order to pass an examination, a minimum is to be secured in each of the seven subjects. In
how many ways can a student fail?
(c) In how many ways can 10 marbles be divided between two boys so that one of them may get
2 and the other 8?
(d) In how many ways can 20 students be divided into four equal groups? In how many ways can
these be sent to four different schools?
(e) To go on a journey 8 persons are to be divided into 2 groups, one group to go by car and the
other by train. In how many ways can this be done if there must be at least 3 persons in each
group?

36.

A table has 7 seats, 4 being on one side facing the window and 3 being on the opposite side. In
how many ways can 7 people be seated at the table,
(a) if 2 people, X and Y, must sit on the same side;
(b) X and Y must sit on opposite sides;
(c) If 3 people, X, Y and Z must sit on the side facing the window.

37.

Seven cards, each bearing a letter, can be arranged to spell the word DOUBLES. How many
three-letter code-words can be formed from these cards? How many of these words
(a) contain the letter S; (b) do not contain the letter O;
(c) consist of a vowel between two consonants?

38.

How many triangles may be formed by joining any three of the nine points when
(i) no three of them are collinear;
(ii) five of them are collinear.

39.

(a) In how many ways can 3 ladies and 3 gentlemen be seated at a round table, so that any two
and only two of the ladies sit together?
(b) Two parallel lines each have a number of distinct points marked on them. On one line there
are 2 points P and Q; on the other there are 8 points.
(i) Calculate the total number of different triangles which could be formed having 3 of the
10 points as vertices.
(ii) How many of these triangles have P as a vertex?

40.

(a) There are 12 points in a plane, of which 5 are collinear. Find

(i) the number of triangles that can be formed with vertices at these points;
(ii) the number of straight lines obtained by joining these points in pairs.
(b) 11 persons decide to spend an afternoon in two groups. A group of them decides to go to a
theatre and the remaining decide to play tennis. In how many ways can the group for tennis be
formed, if there must be at least four persons in each group?

41.

A committee of 5 is to be formed from a group of 10 people, consisting of 4 single men, 4 single

women and a married couple. The committee is to consist of a chairman, who must be a single
man, 2 other men and 2 women.

n1

n1

(i) Find the total number of committees possible.

(ii) How many of these would include the married couple?
42.

(a) A committee of 5 is to be formed from a group of 6 gentlemen and 4 ladies. In how many ways
can this be done if the committee is to include at least one lade?
(b) Five balls of different colours are to be placed in three boxes of different sizes. Each box can
hold all the five balls. In how many ways can we place the balls so that no box remains empty?

43.

Our of 3 books on Economics, 4 books on Political Science and 5 books on Geography, how
many collections can be made, if each collection consists of
(i) Exactly one book on each subject,
(ii) at least one book on each subject?

44.

Find the number of words which can be formed by taking two alike and two different letters from
the word COMBINATION.

45.

Find the number of ways in which the letters of the word, INTERMEDIATE, can be arranged
taken all at a time so that the vowels are not all together.

46.

(a) Prove that

Cr n 1 Cr 1 m Cr 1

k m

(b) How many five-letter words can be formed such that the letters appearing in the odd positions
are taken from the unrepeated letters of the word MATHEMATICS whereas the letters which
occupy even places are taken from amongst the repeated letters?
47.

Find the total number of ways of selecting five letters from the letters of the word
INDEPENDENT.

48.

(a) Eighteen guests have to be seated, half on each side of a long table. Four particular guests
desire to sit on one particular side and three other on other side. Determine the number of ways
in which the seating arrangements can be made.
(b) Given 5 different green dyes, four different blue dyes and three different red dyes, how many
combinations of dyes can be chosen taking at least one green and one blue dye?

49.

(a) There are four balls of different colours and four boxes of colours, same as those of the balls.
The number of ways in which the balls, one each in a box, could be placed such that a ball does
not go to a box of its own colour is .......................
(b) A student is to answer 10 out of 13 questions. How many choices has he? How many, if he
must answer the first two questions? How many, if he must answer at least 3 out of the first 5
questions?

50.

(a) A gentleman invites 13 guests to a dinner and places 8 of them at one table and remaining 5
at the other, the tables being round. In how many ways can he arrange the guests?
(b) A man has 7 relatives, 4 of them are ladies and 3 gentlemen, his wife has 7 relatives and 3 of
them are ladies and 4 gentlemen. In how many ways can they invite a differ party of 3 ladies and
3 gentlemen so that there are 3 of mans relatives and 3 of wifes relatives.
Answer key1. (a) 90
(b) 27000
2. (a) 8
(b) 32
3. (a) HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH, TTT.
(b) 30
4. (a) 72
(b) 120
5. (a) 90
(b) 4,21,200
6. (a) 25
(b) 20
7. (a) 4096
(b) 23 1 = 7 ways
8. (a) [8 x 10 x 10 3] x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 = 7970000
(b) (i) 5 x 5 = 25 (ii) 5 x 1 = 5 (iii) 5 x 4 = 20
9. (a) 31
(b) (i) rP5 x n5Pr5 (ii) n5Pr
10. (b) 604800
11. (a) 6666600
(b) 60
12. (a) 756
(b) 15
13. (a) 18
(b) 900
14. (a) 1024
(b) 9000

15. (a) 2 x 18!

(b) 3! X 4! or 144
16. 8640
17. (a) 360
(b) (i) 2(18!) (ii) 17(18!) 18. (a) 1956
3
Pr3
19. (a) 4320
(b) (i) 600 (ii) 120 (iii) 120
20. (a) 336
(b) (i) 14400 (ii) 720 (iii) 2880
21. (a) 325
(b) (i) 60 (ii) 7560 (iii) 907200 (iv) 226800
23. (a) (i) 4989600 (ii) 120960
(b) (i) 240 (ii) 36
25. (a) 2(9!)

(b) 2880

(c) x =

26. (a) 1440

27. (a) 14

(b) 616
(b) 325

(c) 56
(c) 31

28. (b) 225225

(c)

29. (a) (i)

52!
4! 13!

(ii)

(b) (i)

n3

Pr (ii) P3 x

22. (a) 27720

24. 64, 60

(b) 360

n 1 !
r!

18 !
3
6!
52!

13!

(b) 816000

(c) 2454

30. (a) (i) 165 (ii) 330

31. (a) (i) 20 (ii) 35
32. (a) 35 (b) 2200

(b) 132

(c) 336
(b) 4845; 3876
(c) 1680
33. (a) 336 (b) 456 (c) 462 (d) 330

34. 36

35. (b) 127

(c) 90

(d)

20!
4! 5!

(e) 182

36. (a) 2160 (b) 2880 (c) 576

Solution of triangle
90.
In ABC
(i) If a = 3, b = 4, sin A = 3/4, find b.
(ii) If A = 30, C = 90, c = 7 3 , find a, b.
91.

92.

93.

In ABC
(i) a = 1, c = 2, B = 60 find b.
(ii) If a = 26, b = 30, cos C = 63/65, find c
(i) If two sides and included angle of a triangle are 3 + 3 , 3 3 and 60 respectively then find
its third side.
A 5
B 20
C 2
(ii) If tan ,tan
, then show tan and a, b, c are in A.P.
2 6
2 37
2 5
31
(i) If a = 5, b = 4, cos(A B) =
, then show that c = 6.
32
(ii) If the sides of a triangle in the ratio 2 : 6 : 3 + 1, show that its angles are 45, 60, 75.

94.

If in a triangle, the cotangents of half angles are in the ratio 1 : 4 : 15, show that the largest angle
in that triangle is 120.

95.

(i) If a : b : c = 7 : 8 : 9, then prove that cos A : cos B : cos C = 14 : 11 : 16.

(ii) If b + c : c + a : a + b = 11:12:13, then prove that cos A : cos B : cos C = 7:19:25.

96.

If the angles of a triangle are x2 + x + 1, 2x + 1 and x 2 1, where x > 1, prove that the greatest
angle is 120.
A
B
C
If cot : cot : cot = 3 : 5 : 7, then show that a : b : c = 6 : 5 : 4.
2
2
2

97.

104.

a sin(B C) b sin(C A) c sin(A B)

1

2
2
2
2
2
2
b c
c a
a b
2R
2
2
2
2
b2 c 2
c

a
b

a
In ABC if
sin2 A
sin2 B
, find k.
a2
b2
k2
abc
A
B
Show that
tan .tan .
abc
2
2
A
C
If a, b, c are in A.P., show that 3 tan tan 1
2
2
A 5
C 2
If tan , tan , then show that a, b, c are in A.P.
2 6
2 5
C
A 3b
If a cos2 c cos2
, prove that a, b, c are in A.P.
2
2
2
If the length of the side of an equilateral triangle is 10cm, find its circumradius.

105.

If a = 3, b = 4, c = 5, find its circumradius

106.

If a = 5, b = 12, c = 13, find its circumradius

107.

If the sides of a right angled triangle are in A.P, find the ratio of its sides Find the circum diameter
of the triangle whose sides are 61, 60, 11cms.
a2 b2
sinC
If 2

, prove that ABC is a right angled triangle.

2
a b
sin(A B)

98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.

108.
109.
110.

Show that:

2 bc
A
cos .
bc
2
In ABC, D is the midpoint of BC. If AD is perpendicular to AC, show that cos A.cos C =
2 c 2 a2

In ABC, if a = (b + c)cos then show that sin =

115.

3ac
1
1
3
If

then prove that C = 60.

ac bc abc
1 cos(A B)cos C a2 b2
Show that:

1 cos(A C)cosB a2 c 2
Prove that
A
A
BC
B C
(i) (b + c) sin a cos
(ii) (b c) cos a sin

.
2
2
2
2
A B
A B
Show that (b a) cos C + c(cos B cos A) = c sin
cosec
.
2
2
Show that a3 cos(B C) + b3 cos(C A) + c3 cos(A B) = 3abc.

116.

Show that

111.
112.
113.

114.

a2
(a2 b2 )sin A sinB
(ii)
2(cot B cot C)
2sin(A B)
(iii) b2 sin 2C + c2 sin 2B = 2bc sin A = 4
2
(iv) a cos A + b cos B + c cos C = 4R sin A sin B sin C =
R
Show that
(i) (b2 + c2 a2)tan A = (c2 + a2 b2) tan B = (a2 + b2 c2)tan C = 4

(i)

117.

a2 b2 c 2
4
If tan A, tan B, tan C are in H.P, prove that a2, b2, c2 are in A.P.
Show that
abc
A
B
C

(a) a2 cot A + b2 cot B + c2 cot C =

(b) a cos2
+ b cos2 + c cos2 s
R
2
2
2
R
a
b
b
a
(i) If c = 60, prove that

1
(ii) If c = 60, prove that 2
2
0
2
bc ca
c a
c b2
B
C
(iii) If b + c = 3a, prove that cot cot 2
2
2
a
2 bc
A
If sin
, then show that cos
cos
bc
bc
2

(ii) cot A + cot B + cot C =

118.

119.

120.
121.

If a = (b c) sec , prove that tan

122.

Show that cot

2 bc
A
sin
bc
2

127.

A
B
C
,cot ,cot are in A.P. iff a, b, c are in A.P..
2
2
2
C
2 A
2 B
Prove that sin , sin , sin2
are in H.P iff a, b, c are in H.P.
2
2
2
If a cos A = b cos B, show that the triangle is either isosceles or right angled.
a
b
c
If

, prove that ABC is an equilateral triangle.

cos A cosB cosC
A bc
If cot
, then find angle B.
2
a
If cos2 A + cos2 B + cos2 C = 1 show that the triangle is right angled.

128.

If 8R2 = a2 + b2 + c2 prove that the triangle is right angled.

129.

If the perimeter of a triangle is 12 cm and its inradius is 1 cm, then find its area.

130.

In an equilateral triangle, find r/R.

123.
124.
125.
126.

In ABC prove the following:

131.
(i) rr1 = (s b)(s c)
(ii) r1(s a) = r2(s b) = r3(s c) =
(iii) (r2 + r3)(r2 r) = a2
rr1
A
tan2
r2r3
2

(ii) r r1 cot

132.

(i)

133.

If r1, r2, r3 are in H.P, prove that a, b, c are in A.P.

134.

If s = 12, A = 90, find the value of r.

135.

The area of a triangle is 90 sq. cm and its perimeter is 36 cm find its inradius.

136.

Find the value of

1
1
1

interms of r, R.
bc ca ab

137.
138.

r r r2 r r3 r
Show that s 1

= r 1 + r 2 + r 3.
b
c
a
Show that r + r1 + r2 r3 = 4R cos C.

139.

4R r1 r2
In ABC, prove that r1 r2
.
r1 r2

140.

r
r
In ABC if 1 1 1 1 2 , prove that the triangle is right angled.
r2 r3

141.

In ABC prove that: (r1 r)(r2 r)(r3 r) = 4Rr2.

142.

In ABC prove that: (r1 + r2)(r2 + r3)(r3 + r1) = 4Rs2.

1 1 1 1 1 1 abc
4R
In ABC prove that: 3 2 2
r s
r r1 r r2 r r3

143.

In ABC prove the following:

1 1 1 1 a 2 b2 c 2
144.
(i) 2 2 2 2
r
r1 r2 r3
2
145.
146.

147.

(ii)

r1r r2r3 r2r r3r1 r3r r1r2

bc
ca
ab

C
C
B C
(r3 r)cot c
(ii) (r r1 )tan
0
2
2
2
C
A
B
A
B
C
(i) (r1 + r2)sec2 = (r2 + r3) sec2 = (r3 + r1) sec2
(ii) r1 r2 r3 = r3 cot2 .cot 2 .cot 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
A
B
C
A
B
C
2
(iii) 4Rr cos cos cos
(iv) r cot .cot .cot
2
2
2
2
2
2
r
(i) cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 +
(ii) a cot A + b cot B + c cot C = 2(R + r)
R
A
B
C
r
A
B
C
r
(iii) cos2 cos2 cos2 2
(iv) sin2 sin2 sin2 1
2
2
2
2R
2
2
2
2R
acos A bcosB c cosC r
(v)

abc
R

(i) (r1 + r2) tan

148.

If (a b)(s c) = (b c)(s a), prove that r1, r2, r3 are in A.P.

149.

If rr2 = r1 r3, then show that B = 90.

150.

If (r2 r1)(r3 r1) = 2r2 r3, show that A = 90.

151.

Prove that: r + r3 + r1 r2 = 4R cos B

152.

Prove that

153.

r
r1
r
1 1
2 3
bc ca ab r 2R

If p1, p2, p3 are the lengths of the altitudes from the vertices of ABC to the opposite sides then,
prove that
1
1
1 1
1 1
1
1
(abc)2 8 3
(i)

(ii)

(iii) p1 p2 p3 =

p1 p2 p3 r
p1 p2 p3 r3
abc
8R3
Answer key

90. (ii) a =

7
3 , b = 10.5
2

13
106.
2

abc
4
61
107.
2

134. r = 12

135. r = 5

92. (i) c = 32

99. k =

91.

(i) b = 3, (ii) c = 55.56

104.

10

5
2
1
130.
2

105.

129.

136.

abc
4s

ii)

Solve 4sin-1x + cos-1x = .

Inverse
i)

1
5
Evaluate tan cos 1
.
3
2
6
Evaluate sin-1( sin
).
7

Evaluate tan 2 tan 1

.
5 4

2
-1
2
-1
v)
Prove that sec (tan 2) + cosec ( cot 3) = 15.
vi)
Show that tan-1x + cot-1(1 +x) = tan-1(x2 + x+ 1) is an identity for x 0.

vii)
If u = cot-1 cos tan 1 cos , prove that sinu = tan 2 .
2

x
x
viii)
Show that tan-1
sin 1 , a > 0.

2
2
a
a x
Answer key

iii)

(i)
(iii)

3 5
2
/7

iv)

(ii)

x = 1/2

(iv)

9-4 5