Advanced Reservoir

Engineering

Overview

Prepared by: Dr. B. Rostami

September 2010

Home

Contents
Fundamental of Fluid Flow in Petroleum Reservoirs
Transient Well Pressure Analysis
Conventional Gas Reservoirs Analysis

Evaluation of Oil Reservoir Performance

Evaluation of Water Influx Performance
Useful Topics (Oil & gas reserves, EOR and IOR, Management, Simulation)
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References

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Advanced Reservoir Engineering, Tarek Ahmed & Paul McKinney.

Fundamentals of Reservoir Engineering, L. P. Dake.

Applied Petroleum Reservoir Engineering, B. C. Craft & M. F.

Hawkins.

Practical Enhanced Reservoir Engineering, Abdus Satter, Ghulam

M. lqbal, James K. Buchwalter.

 Chapter #1
Fundamental of Fluid Flow in Petroleum Reservoirs
Contents

Types of fluids in the reservoir;

Primary reservoir Characteristics
Flow regimes;

Reservoir geometry;

Fluid Flow Equations

Number of flowing fluids in the reservoir.

(1) steady-state flow;

linear flow of incompressible fluids;

(2) unsteady-state flow;

linear flow of slightly compressible fluids;

(3) pseudosteady-state flow.

linear flow of compressible fluids;

radial flow of incompressible fluids;

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Darcy's law and applications

Fluid potential definition

radial flow of slightly compressible fluids;

radial flow of compressible fluids;
multiphase flow.

 Chapter #2
Transient Well Pressure Analysis







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Contents
Fundamental of well test theory
Overview of well test methodology
Important concepts in well test analysis
Interpretation of transient pressure tests
Reservoir model diagnostic

 Chapter #3
Conventional Gas Reservoirs Analysis

Contents
Gas flow under laminar flow condition

 Vertical Gas Well Performance

 Horizontal Gas Well Performance

Gas flow under turbulent flow condition

Back pressure test
IPR curve

 Material Balance Equation for Conventional and Unconventional Gas

Reservoirs
Volumetric method

Material balance method

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Volumetric gas reservoirs

Water derive gas reservoirs

 Chapter #4
Evaluation of Oil Reservoir Performance
 Contents







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Primary Recovery Mechanisms

Volumetric and empirical method for reservoir analysis
Decline curve analysis and applications
The generalized Material Balance Equation
The Material Balance as an Equation of a Straight Line
Reservoirs performance prediction methods

 Chapter #5
Evaluation of Water Influx Performance
 Contents
 Classification of Aquifers
 Recognition of Natural Water Influx
 Water Influx Models

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Useful Topics
 Oil & Gas Reserves,

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Useful Topics
 Oil & Gas Reserves,

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Useful Topics
 Oil & Gas Reserves,

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Useful Topics
 Oil Reserves, Oil & gas journal 2006

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Useful Topics
 Gas Reserves, Oil & gas journal 2006

 World Resources of Petroleum

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Useful Topics

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Unproved Reserves
Possible Reserves

Possible Reserves

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Analogy-Based Approach
Volumetric Estimates
Deterministic Methods
Stochastic Methods

Performance Analysis
Material Balance Equation
Reservoir Simulation Models
Decline Curve Analysis

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 Analogy-Based Approach

Estimate the reserves in a situation where there are no solid data on well
performance or reservoir characteristics.

However, an analogue-based approach is also the least accurate and little
reliable method of petroleum reserve estimation,

Volumetric Estimates
Deterministic Methods: The principle is to "upscale" the information
derived from the wells and supported by seismic survey, into the interwell
space by using an interpolation technique.

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Volumetric Estimates (Deterministic Method)

 The main parameters used for a volumetric estimate:
 The reservoir "gross" isopach map,
 The reservoir "net" isopach map,
The Net-to-Gross ratio (N/G) is an important parameter indicating the productive portion of
the reservoir.

 The reservoir rock porosity

 The permeability and net-thickness product (khN)
 Volume-based average saturation of water, gas and oil.

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Volumetric Estimates (Stochastic Method)

is usually based on the procedure of random-number generator

Assumes that the main reservoir properties all have random, possibly normal,
frequency distributions, range from core to well-log data.

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Volumetric Estimates (Stochastic Method)

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Performance Analysis
Material Balance Equation
is based on the data obtained from previous reservoir performance and PVT
analysis, but involves some assumptions for the reservoir driving mechanism.

Reservoir Simulation Models

involves a numerical simulation technique, with the matching of the production
and the reservoirs previous performance (history).

Decline Curve Analysis

is to predict future performance of the reservoir by matching the observed trend
of the production decline with one or several standard mathematical methods of
the production rate-time (hyperbolic, harmonic, exponential, ect.).

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Decline Curve Analysis

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Different ways of data representation for a decline curve analysis