President of the Philippines

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President of the Philippines

Pangulo ng Pilipinas

Presidential Standard

Presidential Seal

Incumbent
Benigno Aquino III
since June 30, 2010

Style

His Excellency (male)

Residence

Malacaan Palace
(Official)

Bahay Pangarap[1][2]
(de facto)

Seat

Manila

Term length

Six years
unrenewable

Constituting

1987 Constitution of the Philippines

instrument
Inaugural holder Emilio Aguinaldo
(official)a

Manuel L. Quezon
(de jure)b

Formation

23 January 1899
(official)[3]a

November 15, 1935

(de jure)[4]b

Salary

PhP 120,000 per month (Php 8,640,000 total at 6

year term as of 2012[note 1]

Website

a.

http://www.president.gov.ph

The position was created by an independent revolutionary state, the "Malolos

Republic", but was not recognized internationally. The Philippine
government now recognizes the state as the First Philippine Republic.

b.

In an international standpoint at that time, the First Philippine Republic never

existed but rather, Spain ceded its Philippine colony to the Unites States by
the Treaty of Paris following the Spanish-American War. Therefore, the
international community only recognizes the first Philippine presidency under
the US-associated Commonwealth of the Philippines.

The President of the Philippines (Filipino: Pangulo ng Pilipinas) is the head of state and head of
government of the Philippines. The President leads the executive branch of the Philippine
government and is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. The President of
the Philippines in Filipino is referred to as Ang Pangulo or informally by
the Spanish title, Presidente.

Contents
[hide]

1 History
o 1.1 Early Republics
1.1.1 Bonifacio's Tagalog Republic
1.1.2 Aguinaldo's Government and the First Republic
1.1.3 Other claimants
o 1.2 American Occupation
o 1.3 Philippine Commonwealth
o 1.4 The Second Republic under the Japanese
o 1.5 After World War II
o 1.6 1973 Constitution
o 1.7 Fifth Republic
o 1.8 Other issues
1.8.1 Laurel's position
o 1.9 Timeline
2 Powers and duties
o 2.1 Chief Executive
o 2.2 Commander-in-Chief
o 2.3 Power of appointment
o 2.4 Government agencies
3 Selection process
o 3.1 Eligibility
o 3.2 Election
o 3.3 Inauguration
o 3.4 Oath of Office
4 Impeachment
o 4.1 Impeachable offenses and officials
o 4.2 Impeachment proceedings and attempts
5 Official title
6 State of the nation address
7 Tenure and term limits
8 Vacancy
o 8.1 At the start of the term
o 8.2 During the term
9 Privileges of office
o 9.1 Official residence
9.1.1 Presidential residence
o 9.2 Air transport
o 9.3 Water transport
o 9.4 Land transport
o 9.5 Security
10 After the presidency
11 See also
12 Notes
13 References
o 13.1 Bibliography
14 External links

History[edit]
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Main article: List of Presidents of the Philippines

Further information: List of Unofficial Presidents of the Philippines

Early Republics[edit]
Bonifacio's Tagalog Republic[edit]
Depending on the definition chosen for these terms, a number of persons could alternatively be
considered the inaugural holder of the office. Andrs Bonifacio could be considered the first
President of a united Philippines since he was the third Supreme President (Spanish: Presidente
Supremo; Tagalog: Katas-taasang Pangulo) of the Katipunan, a secret revolutionary society. Its
Supreme Council, led by the Supreme President, coordinated provincial and district councils. When
the Katipunan started an open revolt against the Spanish colonial government in August 1896,
Bonifacio transformed the society into a revolutionary government with him as its head. While the
term Katipunan remained, Bonifacio's government was also known as the Tagalog
Republic (Spanish:Repblica Tagala). (Although the word Tagalog refers to the Tagalog people, a
specific ethno-linguistic group]], Bonifacio used it to denote all non-Spanish peoples of the
Philippines in place of Filipino, which had colonial origins.)[9][10][11][12][13] Bonifacio's revolutionary
government never controlled much territory for any significant period. Some historians contend that
including Bonifacio as a past president would imply that Macario Sacay and Miguel Malvar should
also be included.[14]
Aguinaldo's Government and the First Republic[edit]
In March 1897, Emilio Aguinaldo was elected president of the revolutionary government at
the Tejeros Convention.[15] The new government was meant to replace the Katipunan, though the
latter was not formally abolished until 1899. Aguinaldo was again elected President at Biak-na-Bato
in November, leading the Republic of Biak-na-Bato. Unfortunately his revolutionary government was
not winning Philippine Revolution against Spain. Aquinaldo therefore signed the Pact of Biak-naBato and went into exile in Hong Kong at the end of 1897.
In April 1898, the Spanish-American War broke out, and the Asiatic Squadron of the United States
Navy sailed for the Philippines. At the Battle of Manila Bay on May 1, 1898 the American Navy
decisively defeated the Spanish Navy effectively ending Spanish rule in the Philippines.[16] Aquinaldo
subsequently returned to the Philippines aboard a U.S. Navy vessel and renewed the revolution. He
formed a dictatorial government on May 24, 1898 and issued the Philippine Declaration of
Independence on June 12, 1898. On June 23, 1898, Aguinaldo transformed his dictatorial
government into a revolutionary government. On January 23, 1899, he was then elected President of
the First Philippine Republic, a government constituted by the Malolos Congress under the Malolos
Constitution. Thus, this government is also called the Malolos Republic.
The First Philippine Republic was short-lived and never internationally recognized. The Philippines
was transferred from Spanish to American control in the Treaty of Paris of 1898, signed in December
of that year.[17] The Philippine-American War broke out between the United States and Aguinaldo's
government. His government effectively ceased to exist on April 1, 1901, after he pledged allegiance
to the United States following his capture by U.S. forces in March.
The current Philippine government, called the Republic of the Philippines, considers Emilio
Aguinaldo to be the first President of the Philippines and the Malolos Republic as the First Philippine
Republic.[18]
Other claimants[edit]
Miguel Malvar continued Aguinaldo's leadership of the Philippine Republic after the latter's capture
until his own capture in 1902, while Macario Sakay founded a Tagalog Republic in 1902 as a
continuing state of Bonifacio's Katipunan. They are both considered by some scholars as "unofficial
presidents", and along with Bonifacio, are not recognized as Presidents by the government.[19][20]

American Occupation[edit]
Between 1901 and 1935, executive power in the Philippines was exercised by a succession of four
American military Governors-General and eleven civil Governors-General.

Philippine Commonwealth[edit]
In October 1935, Manuel L. Quezon was elected the first President of the Commonwealth of the
Philippines, which had been established, still under United States sovereignty, under
a constitution ratified on 14 May of that year. During its first five years, the President could serve for
an unrenewable six-year term. It was later amended in 1940 to limit a President to serving no more
than two four-year terms. When President Quezon exiled himself to the United States after the
Philippines fell to the Empire of Japan in World War II, he appointed Chief Justice Jos Abad
Santos as Acting President. Abad Santos was subsequently executed by the Imperial Japanese
Army on May 2, 1942.

The Second Republic under the Japanese[edit]

On October 14, 1943, Jos P. Laurel became President under a constitution imposed by
the Japanese occupation. Laurel, an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines, had
been instructed to remain in the City of Manila by President Quezon, who withdrew
to Corregidor and then to the United States to establish a government in exilein the United States.
After the combined American and Filipino forces liberated the islands in 1945, Laurel officially
dissolved the republic on August 17, 1945.

After World War II[edit]

The 1935 Constitution was restored after the Japanese surrender ended World War II, with VicePresident Sergio Osmea becoming President due to Quezon's death on August 1, 1944. It
remained in effect after the United States recognized the sovereignty of the Republic of the
Philippines as a separate self-governing nation on July 4, 1946.

1973 Constitution[edit]

Home provinces of the Presidents.

A new Constitution ratified on January 17, 1973 under the rule of Ferdinand E. Marcos introduced a
parliamentary-style government. Marcos instituted himself as the Prime Minister while serving as
President in 1978. He later appointed a new Prime Minister in 1981.

This Constitution was in effect until the People Power Revolution of 1986 toppled Marcos' 21-year
authoritarian regime and replaced him withCorazon C. Aquino.

Fifth Republic[edit]
Using reserve powers, President Aquino herself promulgated Presidential Proclamation 3 on
March 25, 1986, which was provisional in nature and abolished many provisions of the 1973
Constitution that were associated with the Marcos Era, including the abolition of the office of the
Prime Minister. This was superseded on February 2, 1987 by the present Constitution.

Other issues[edit]
Both Bonifacio and Aguinaldo might be considered to have been an inaugural president of an
insurgent government. Quezon was the inaugural president of a predecessor state to the current
one, while Aquino, mre, was the inaugural president of the currently-constituted government.
The government considers Aguinaldo to have been the first President of the Philippines, followed by
Quezon and his successors.[18][21] Despite the differences in constitutions and government, the line of
presidents is considered to be continuous. For instance, the current president, Benigno S. Aquino III,
is considered to be the 15th president.
While the government may consider Aguinaldo as the first president, the First Republic fell under the
United States' jurisdiction due to the 1898 Treaty of Paris which ended theSpanish-American War;
the United States thus does not consider his tenure to have been legitimate.[18][22] Manuel L.
Quezon is considered to be the first president by the United States. He is also the first to win a
popular election and a nationwide election.
Laurel's position[edit]
As with many other Axis-occupied countries in World War II, the Philippines had at one point two
presidents heading two governments. One was Quezon and the Commonwealth government-in-exile
in Washington, D.C., and the other was Manila-based Laurel heading the Japanese-sponsored
Second Republic. Notably, Laurel was himself instructed to remain in Manila by President
Quezon.[citation needed] Laurel was not formally recognized as a President until the rule of Diosdado
Macapagal, and this is still the case today.[citation needed] His inclusion in the official list coincided with the
movement of the official celebration Independence Day from July 4 (the day that the Philippines
became independent of the U.S.) to June 12 (anniversary of the 1898 Declaration of Independence).
The inclusion of Laurel thus causes some problems in determining the order of Presidents. It is
inaccurate to call Laurel Osmea's successor or vice-versa, since Laurel's Second Republic was
formally rejected after World War II, and none of its actions were considered legal or binding.
Quezon, Osmea, and Roxas were three in a contiguous line according to the 1935 Constitution,
while Laurel was the only President of the Second Republic (which had a separate charter). Thus,
Laurel has neither predecessor nor successor, while Osmea succeeded Quezon after the latter's
death, and was in turn succeeded by Roxas as President of the Third Republic.

Timeline[edit]

Powers and duties[edit]

Chief Executive[edit]
Under Article 7, Section 1 of the 1987 Constitution, the President heads the Executive branch of the
government, which includes the Cabinet and all executive departments. Theexecutive power, as
such, is vested on the President alone.[6]
Section 19 gives the President power to grant reprieves, commutations, and pardons, and remit
fines and forfeitures, after conviction by final judgment, except when the President is under
impeachment.[6]
Section 20 provides the President to contract or guarantee foreign loans on behalf of the Republic of
the Philippines with the prior concurrence of the Monetary Board, and subject to such limitations as
may be provided by law.[6]
The President exercises general supervision over local government units.

Commander-in-Chief[edit]
Article 7 Section 18 of the Constitution: "the President is also Commander-in-Chief of the Armed
Forces of the Philippines". As Commander-in-Chief, the President can call out such armed forces to
prevent or suppress lawless violence, invasion or rebellion. In case of invasion or rebellion, when the
public safety requires it, he or she may, for a period not exceeding sixty days, suspend the privilege
of the writ of habeas corpus or place the Philippines or any part thereof under martial law.[6]

Power of appointment[edit]
The Constitution (Article VII Section 16) empowers the President to appoint, with the consent of
the Commission on Appointments, the heads of executive departments, ambassadors, other public
ministers and consuls, officers of the armed forces above the rank of colonel (Army) and captain
(Navy), and other officials. The president also appoints those required by law that he appoint, or
those whose appointments are not provided for under any other law. The members of the Supreme
Court are also appointed by the President, based on a list prepared by the Judicial and Bar Council.
Judicial appointments do not need the approval of the Commission on Appointments.

Government agencies[edit]
The Office of the President also has attached government agencies under it. It includes agencies
such as the Film Development Council of the Philippines, the Metropolitan Manila Development

Authority and the Securities and Exchange Commission (Philippines). These agencies are not under
the different cabinet departments and are under the direct supervision of the President.

Selection process[edit]
Eligibility[edit]
Under Article 7, Section 2 of the Constitution of the Philippines, in order to serve as President, one
must be:

at least 40 years old and above;

a registered voter, single or married;
able to read and write;
a male or female Filipino citizen by birth; and
a resident of the Philippines for at least ten years immediately
preceding election.[6]

A person who meets the above qualifications is still disqualified from holding the office of president
under any of the following conditions:
Under Article 7, Section 4 of the 1987 Constitution, a person who has already been elected
President is automatically ineligible for immediate reelection. No person who has succeeded as
President and has served as such for more than four years is likewise forbidden from being reelected to a second term. Joseph Estrada, who has served for two and a half years as president was
allowed to run for president after he was ousted; his case was never decided by the Supreme Court.

Election[edit]
Main article: Philippine presidential election
Under Article 7, Section 4 of the Constitution mandates that election of the President be done by
direct vote every six years on the second Monday of May, unless otherwise provided by law.
The returns of every election for President and Vice-President, duly certified by the board of
canvassers of each province or city, shall be transmitted to Congress, directed to the President of
the Senate. Upon receipt of the certificates of canvass, the President of the Senate shall open all the
certificates in the presence of a joint public session of Congress not later than 30 days after election
day. Congress then canvasses the votes upon determining that the polls are authenticity and were
done in the manner provided by law.
The person with the highest number of votes is declared the winner, but in case two or more have
the highest number of votes, the President is elected by a majority of all members of both Houses,
voting separately on each.

Inauguration[edit]
Main article: Philippine presidential inauguration
Further information: List of Philippine presidential inaugurations

Current president Benigno Aquino IIIduring his inauguration

The President of the Philippines usually takes the Oath of Office at noon of June 30 following the
Presidential election
Traditionally, the Vice-President takes the Oath first, a little before noon. This is for two reasons:
first, according to protocol, no one follows the President (who is last due to his supremacy), and
second, to establish a constitutionally valid successor before the President-elect accedes. During
the Quezon inauguration, however, the Vice-President and the Legislature were sworn in after the
President, to symbolise a new start.
As soon as the President takes the Oath of Office, a 21-gun salute is fired to salute the new
Philippine head of state, and the Presidential Anthem Mabuhay is played. The President delivers the
Inaugural Address, and then proceeds to Malacaang Palace to climb the Grand Staircase, a ritual
which symbolises the formal possession of the Palace. The President then inducts the newly formed
Cabinet into office in one of the state rooms.
Custom has enshrined three places as the traditional venue for the Inauguration: Barasoain
Church in Malolos City, Bulacan; in front of the old Legislative Building (now part of the National
Museum) in Manila; or at Quirino Grandstand, where most have been held. In 2004, Gloria
Macapagal-Arroyo delivered her pre-Inaugural address at Quirino Grandstand, took the Oath of
Office in Cebu City before Chief Justice Hilario Davide Jr., and the next day held the first Cabinet
meeting inButuan City. She broke with precedent, reasoning that she wanted to celebrate her
Inauguration in each of the three main island groups of the Philippines: Luzon, Visayas,
andMindanao. Her first Inauguration also broke precedent as she was sworn in at the EDSA
Shrine on January 20, 2001, during the EDSA Revolution of 2001 that removed Joseph Estrada from
the Palace.
In the past, elections were held in November and the President's inauguration was held on
December 30 (Rizal Day). This ensured that when the Inauguration was usually held atQuirino
Grandstand, the new President could see the Rizal Monument on the day of his death
anniversary. Ferdinand Marcos transferred the dates of both the elections and the Inauguration to
May and June, respectively, and it remains so to this day.
The dress code at the modern Inaugural is traditional, formal Filipino clothing, which is otherwise
loosely termed Filipiniana. Ladies must wear terno, baro't saya (the formal wear of other indigenous
groups is permissible), while men don the Barong Tagalog. Non-FIlipinos at the ceremony may wear
their respective versions of formal dress, but foreign diplomats have often been seen
donning Filipiniana as a mark of cultural respect.

Oath of Office[edit]
Under Article VII, Section 5 of the Constitution, before the President-Elect and Vice-President-Elect
enter into the execution of their offices, the President shall take the following Oath or affirmation:
I, [name], do solemnly swear [or affirm] that I will faithfully and conscientiously fulfill my duties as
President [or Vice-President or Acting President] of the Philippines, preserve and defend its Constitution,
execute its laws, do justice to every man, and consecrate myself to the service of the Nation. So help me
God.

[In case of affirmation, last sentence will be omitted.][23]

The Filipino text of the Oath was used for the inaugurations of Presidents Fidel V. Ramos, Joseph
Estrada and Benigno Aquino III reads:
Matimtim kong pinanunumpaan (o pinatotohanan) na tutuparin ko nang buong katapatan at sigasig ang
aking mga tungkulin bilang Pangulo (o Pangalawang Pangulo o Nanunungkulang Pangulo) ng Pilipinas,
pangangalagaan at ipagtatanggol ang kanyang Konstitusyon, ipatutupad ang mga batas nito, magiging

makatarungan sa bawat tao, at itatalaga ang aking sarili sa paglilingkod sa Bansa. Kasihan nawa ako ng
Diyos.[24]

(Kapag pagpapatotoo, ang huling pangungusap ay kakaltasin.)[24]

Impeachment[edit]
Impeachment in the Philippines follows procedures similar to the United States. Under Sections 2
and 3, Article XI, Constitution of the Philippines, the House of Representatives of the Philippines has
the exclusive power to initiate all cases of impeachment against the President, Vice President,
members of the Supreme Court, members of the Constitutional Commissions (Commission on
Elections,Civil Service Commission Commission on Audit), and the Ombudsman. When a third of its
membership has endorsed the impeachment articles, it is then transmitted to the Senate of the
Philippines which tries and decide, as impeachment tribunal, the impeachment case.[25] A main
difference from US proceedings however is that only 1/3 of House members are required to approve
the motion to impeach the President (as opposed to 50%+1 members in their US counterpart). In the
Senate, selected members of the House of Representatives act as the prosecutors and the Senators
act as judges with the Senate President and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court jointly presiding
over the proceedings. Like the United States, to convict the official in question requires that a
minimum of 2/3 (i.e., 16 of 24 members) of the senate vote in favour of conviction. If an
impeachment attempt is unsuccessful or the official is acquitted, no new cases can be filed against
that impeachable official for at least one full year.

Impeachable offenses and officials[edit]

The 1987 Philippine Constitution says the grounds for impeachment include culpable violation of the
Constitution, bribery, graft and corruption, and betrayal of public trust. These offenses are
considered "high crimes and misdemeanors" under the Philippine Constitution.
The President, Vice President, Supreme Court justices, and members of the Constitutional
Commission and Ombudsman are all considered impeachable officials under the Constitution.

Impeachment proceedings and attempts[edit]

Joseph Estrada was the first Philippine president impeached by the House in 2000, but the trial
ended prematurely due to outrage over a vote to open an envelope where that motion was narrowly
defeated by his allies.
In 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008, impeachment complaints were filed against President Gloria
Macapagal-Arroyo, but none of the cases reached the required endorsement of 1/3 of the members
for transmittal to, and trial by, the Senate.

Official title[edit]
The official title of the president is "President of the Philippines."[6] The title in Filipino is "Pangulo"
The honorific for the President of the Philippines is "Your Excellency" or "His/Her Excellency",
adopted from the title of the Governor-General of the Philippines during Spanish and American
occupation.[citation needed] The term "President of the Republic of the Philippines", used under Japanese
occupation of the Philippines distinguished the government of then-President Jos P. Laurel from
the Commonwealth government in exileunder President Manuel L. Quezon.[26] The restoration of the
Commonwealth in 1945 and the subsequent independence of the Philippines title "President of the
Philippines" sanctioned in the 1935 constitution.[27] The 1973 constitution, though generally referring
to the president as "President of the Philippines" did, in Article XVII, Section 12, once used the term,
"President of the Republic."[28] President Ferdinand E. Marcos proclaimed martial law in
his Proclamation No. 1081 and consistently used the term "President of the Philippines."[29]

State of the nation address[edit]

President Benigno Aquino IIIdelivers his 2nd State of the Nation Address at the Batasang Pambansa

Main article: State of the Nation Address (Philippines)

The State of the Nation Address (abbreviated SONA) is an annual event in the Philippines, in
which the President of the Philippines reports on the status of the nation, normally to the resumption
of a joint session of the Congress (the House of Representatives and theSenate). This is a duty of
the President as stated in Article VII, Section 23 of the 1987 Constitution:[6]

The President shall address Congress at the opening of its regular session. He/She may also
appear anytime.

Tenure and term limits[edit]

Ferdinand Marcos was the only three-term Philippine President (19651969, 19691981, 19811986).

The 1935 Constitution originally provided for a single six-year term for a president without reelection.[30] In 1940, however, the 1935 Constitution was amended and the term of the President (and
Vice-President) was shortened to four years but allowed one re-election. Since the amendment was
done, only Presidents Manuel L. Quezon (1941) and Ferdinand Marcos (1969) were re-elected.
Presidents Sergio Osmea (1946), Elpidio Quirino (1953), Carlos P. Garcia (1961) and Diosdado
Macapagal (1965) all failed in seeking a new term.
However, in 1973, a new Constitution was promulgated and allowed then-incumbent President
Ferdinand Marcos to seek a new term. In 1981, Marcos was again elected as President
against Alejo Santos making him the only President to be elected to a third term.[31]

Today, under Article 7, Section 4 of the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines, the term of the
President shall begin at noon on the thirtieth day of June next following the day of the election and
shall end at noon of the same date, six years thereafter. The incumbent President shall not be
eligible for any re-election. No person who has succeeded as President and has served as such for
more than four years shall be qualified for election to the same office at any time.[32]

Vacancy[edit]
At the start of the term[edit]
Under Article 7, Section 7 of the Constitution of the Philippines, In case the president-elect fails to
qualify, the Vice President-elect shall act as President until the President-elect shall have qualified.[6]
If at the beginning of the term of the President, the President-elect shall have died or shall have
become permanently disabled, the Vice President-elect shall become President.[6]
Where no President and Vice President shall have been chosen or shall have qualified, or where
both shall have died or become permanently disabled, the President of the Senate or, in case of his
inability, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, shall act as President until a President or a
Vice President shall have been chosen and qualified.[6]

During the term[edit]

Article 7, Sections 8 and 11 of the Constitution of the Philippines provide rules of succession to the
presidency. In case of death, permanent disability, removal from office, or resignation of the
President, the Vice President will become the President to serve the unexpired term. In case of
death, permanent disability, removal from office, or resignation of both the President and Vice
President; the President of the Senate or, in case of his inability, the Speaker of the House of
Representatives, shall then act as President until the President or Vice-President shall have been
elected and qualified.
The Congress shall, by law, provide who shall serve as President in case of death, permanent
disability, or resignation of the Acting President. He shall serve until the President or the Vice
President shall have been elected and qualified, and be subject to the same restrictions of powers
and disqualifications as the Acting President.

Sergio Osmea was the first Vice President to succeed to the presidency upon the death of a chief executive who
wasManuel Quezon in 1944.

The line of presidential succession as specified by Article 7, Section 10 of the Constitution of the
Philippines are the Vice President, Senate President and the Speaker of the House of
Representatives.

The current Presidential line of succession is:

#

Name

Position

1 Jejomar C. Binay

Vice President

2 Franklin Drilon

President of the Senate

3 Feliciano R. Belmonte, Jr. Speaker of the House

Notes:

Contrary to popular belief, the Constitution does not name the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines in the line of succession.
If the offices of both the President and the Vice President become vacant at the same time, Congress shall enact a law calling for special election.
However, if the presidential election is 18 months away, no special election shall be called.

Privileges of office[edit]
Official residence[edit]
Main article: Malacaan Palace

Malacaan Palace, the official residence of the President of the Philippines.

Before the Macalanan Palace was designated as the official residence of the President. various
establishment served as residence of the chief executive. Spanish Governor-General reside in
Palacio del Gobernador inside the walled city of Intramuros, however, after an earthquake in 1863.
Palacio del Gobernador was destroyed, eventually the residence and office transferred to
Malacaan Palace. During the Philippine Revolution. President Aguinaldo reside in his own home
in Kawit, Cavite. after the defeat in Philippine-American War, Aguinaldo transferred the Capital of the
Philippines to different areas during his straggling to pursuing American Forces. Malacanan was
used as official residence by American government. During the Japanese Occupation of the
Philippines, the governmental offices and the presidential residence transferred to Baguio, and
the Mansion House was used as the official residence. Meanwhile, President Quezon of Philippine
Commonwealth resided in Omni Shoreham Hotel in Washington D.C. After the restoration of
independence, there are plans to create a new capital city, However the plans do not push through
and Manila remained as the capital city and Malacaan Palace was the President's official
residence.[33][34]

Malacaang Palace is the official residence of the President of the Philippines, to which they are
entitled under Article VII, Section 6 of the Constitution.[6] The Palace is located along the north bank
of the Pasig River, along JP Laurel Street in the district of San Miguel, Manila.
The Filipino name is derived from the Tagalog phrase "may lakn diyn", ("there is
a nobleman there"), and this was eventually shortened to Malakanyng. There are two variant of the
name in official use: "Malacaan" refers to the structure of the Palace, while "Malacaang" identifies
the office of the President. The latter, along with the term "the Palace" ("ang Palasyo") are
interchangeable, metonyms for the President and his household in colloquial speech and in the
media.
Malacaang Palace is depicted on the reverse side of the 20-Peso bill in both the New Design and
the present New Generation series.
Presidential residence[edit]
The actual residence of President Benigno S. Aquino III is Bahay Pangarap (English: House of
Dreams),[2] a smaller structure located across the Pasig River from Malacaan Palace in Malacaang
Park,[35] which is itself part of the Presidential Security Group Complex.[1][2] Aquino is the first
President to live in Bahay Pangarap his official residence.[36][37]
Malacaang Park was originally built by former President Manuel L. Quezon as a rest house and
venue for informal activities and social functions for the First Family.[2][37] The house was built and
designed by architect Juan Arellano in the 1930s,[2][37] and underwent a number of renovations.[2] In
2008, the house was demolished and rebuilt in contemporary style by architect Conrad
Onglao,[2][37] and a new swimming pool was built, replacing the Commonwealth Era one.[36][37] The
house originally had one bedroom,[2]however, it was renovated for Aquino to have four
bedrooms,[36] a guest room, a room for his household staff, and a room for his close-in
security.[35] Malacaang Park was refurbished through the efforts of First Lady Eva Macapagal, the
second wife of President Diosdado Macapagal, in the early 1960s.[37] Mrs. Macapagal renamed the
rest house as Bahay Pangarap.[37]
Under Fidel V. Ramos, Bahay Pangarap was transformed into a clubhouse for the Malacaang Golf
Club.[2] The house was subsequently used by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo to welcome special
guests.[2] Aquino fil made it clear before he assumed office that he refused to live in the main Palace,
or in the nearby Arlegui Mansion (where he once lived during his mother's rule and where Ramos
later stayed), stating that both are too big.[2] He lived in the Aquino family residence along Times
Street, Quezon City in the first few days of his rule, though he transferred to Bahay
Panagarap because it was deemed a security concern for his neighbours if he stayed in their small,
1970s home.[1]

Air transport[edit]
Main article: Air transports of heads of state and government Philippines

An Arospatiale SA-330 Pumacarrying President Corazon C. Aquinoat Subic Bay Naval Base.

The 250th (Presidential) Airlift Wing of the Philippine Air Force has the mandate of providing safe
and efficient air transport for the President of the Philippines and the First Family. On occasion, the
wing has also been tasked to provide transportation for other members of government, visiting
heads of state, and other state guests.
The fleet includes: 1 Fokker F28, which is primarily used for the President's domestic trips and it is
also called "Kalayaan One" when the President is on board, 4 Bell 412 helicopters, 3 Sikorsky S76 helicopters, 1 Sikorsky S-70-5 Black Hawk, a number of Bell UH-1N Twin Hueys, as well
as Fokker F-27 Friendships. For trips outside of the Philippines, the Air Force employs
a Bombardier Global Express or charters appropriate aircraft from the country's flag
carrier. Philippine Airlines. In 1962, the Air Force chartered aircraft from Pan American World
Airways as the international services of Philippine Airlines were suspended. Pan Am later went
defunct in 1991. For short-haul flights, PAL uses Airbus A320 or Airbus A321 aircraft. For medium to
long-haul flights, the airline's Airbus A340-300, Airbus A330-300 orBoeing 777-300ER are used. Any
PAL aircraft with the callsign PR 001 is a special plane operated by Philippine Airlines to transport
the President of the Philippines.
A Presidential Helicopter Bell 412 crashed on April 7, 2009, in the mountainous Ifugao
Province north of Manila. On board were eight people, including two Cabinet undersecretaries and
several servicemen. The flight was en route to Ifugao from Baguio City as an advance party of
President Macapagal-Arroyo, when the control tower at the now-defunct Loakan Airport lost
communication with the craft several minutes after takeoff.
The Arroyo administration planned to buy another aircraft worth of about 1.2 Billion pesos before her
term ended in June 2010,[38] but cancelled the purchase due to other issues.[39]

Water transport[edit]
Main article: BRP Ang Pangulo (AT-25)
BRP Ang Pangulo (BRP stands for Bark ng Repblika ng Pilipinas, "Ship of the Republic of the
Philippines"; "Ang Pangulo" is Filipino for "The President") was commissioned by the Philippine
Navy on March 7, 1959. It was built in and by Japan during the administration of President Garca as
part of Japanese reparations to the Philippines for World War II.[40] It is primarily used in entertaining
guests of the incumbent President.

Land transport[edit]
Main article: Official state car Philippines

Presidential car with plate number 1 and Presidential Standard

The President of the Philippines uses two black and heavily armored Mercedes-Benz W221 S600
Guard, whereas one is a decoy vehicle. In convoys, the President is escorted by the Presidential
Security Group using primarily Nissan Patrol SUVs with the combination of the following
vehicles: Audi A6, BMW 7 Series, Chevrolet Suburban, Hyundai Equus, Hyundai Starex, Toyota
Camry, Toyota Fortuner, Toyota Land Cruiser, Philippine National Police 400cc
motorcycles, Philippine National Police Toyota Altis (Police car variant), other government-owned
vehicles, and ambulances at the tail of the convoy; the number depends on the destination. The

presidential cars are designated and registered a plate number of 1 or the

word PANGULO (President). The limousine bears the Flag of the Philippines and, occasionally, the
Presidential Standard.[41]
For regional trips, the President boards a Toyota Coaster or Mitsubishi Fuso Rosa or other vehicles
owned by government-owned and controlled corporations or government agencies. In this case,
the PSG escorts the President using local police cars with an ambulance at the tail of the convoy.
The incumbent President, Benigno Aquino III, prefers to use his personal vehicle, a Toyota Land
Cruiser 200 or his relative's Lexus LX-570 over the black Presidential limousines after their
electronic mechanisms were damaged by floodwater. The Palace has announced its interest to
acquire a new Presidential limousine.[42]
The Office of the President has also owned various cars over the decades, including a
1937 Chrysler Airflow that served as the country's very first Presidential limousine forManuel L.
Quezon.

Security[edit]
Main article: Presidential Security Group
The Presidential Security Group (abbreviated PSG), is the lead agency tasked with providing
security for the President, Vice-President, and their immediate families. They also provide protective
service for visiting heads of state and diplomats.
Unlike similar groups around the world who protect other political figures, the PSG is not required to
handle presidential candidates. However, former Presidents and their immediate families are entitled
to a small security detail from the PSG. Currently, the PSG uses Nissan Patrol SUVs as its primary
security vehicles.

After the presidency[edit]

Presidents Emilio Aguinaldo and Manuel L. Quezn during the 1935 campaign.

Many presidents held significant positions after leaving office. Jos P. Laurel, who was President of
the Second Republic, served as Senator from 19511957. Laurel was elected to the Senate in 1951,
under the Nacionalista Party, and was urged to run for President in 1953. He declined, working
instead for the successful election of Ramn Magsaysay, who appointed Laurel head of a mission.
The mission was tasked with negotiating trade and other issues with United States officials, and the
result became known as the Laurel-Langley Agreement. Laurel was also the chairman of the
Economic Mission to the United States (1954) and the founder of Lyceum of the Philippines
University.[43]
Sergio Osmea became a member of the Council of State under Roxas, Quirino, Magsaysay, and
Garca. He was also a member of the National Security Council in the Garca administration.[44]

Elpidio Quirino also became a Councillor of State under President Magsaysay.[45]

Carlos P. Garca was a delegate, later elected, president of the Constitutional Convention on July
11, 1971.[46]
Diosdado Macapagal was also a delegate and then succeeded Carlos P. Garca as president of the
1971 Constitutional Convention. He also lectured in universities and later a Councillor of State under
Presidents Aquino mre and Ramos.
Corazon C. Aquino was a member of the National Security Council under Ramos, Estrada and
Arroyo. She was also a member of the Council of State under President Arroyo.
Fidel V. Ramos founded the Ramos Peace and Development Foundation. He was a senior advisor
and member of the National Security Council under President Estrada. Ramos was a member of the
Council of State and an Ambassador-at-Large under President Arroyo.
A former action star, Joseph Ejercito Estrada returned to film in November 2009, starring in Ang
Tanging Pamilya: A Marry Go Round. He also announced his plan to run for a second term as
President amid controversy on its legality. Estrada eventually became a member of the National
Security Council under his successor, President Arroyo.[47][48][49]He is currently Mayor of the City of
Manila.
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo is currently the Representative for 2nd District of Pampanga.[50]
As of June 30, 2010, there are three living former Presidents:

Living former presidents

Fidel V. Ramos
(Lakas-NUCD)
19921998

Joseph Estrada
(LAMP),
19982001

Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
(Lakas-Kampi-CMD)
20012010

The most recent Presidential death was that of Aquino, on August 1, 2009 due to cardiorespiratory
arrest.
Among other honors, former Presidents and their immediate families are entitled to three soldiers as
security detail.[51]

See also[edit]
Presidency of the Philippines portal

First Spouse of the Philippines

List of Presidents of the Philippines
Philippine Presidential Inauguration
Prime Minister of the Philippines
Seal of the President of the Philippines
Unofficial Philippine Presidents
Vice President of the Philippines
List of Vice Presidents of the Philippines

Notes[edit]
1. Jump up^ Article XVIII Section 17 of the 1987 constitution
provides that until the Congress provides otherwise the President
shall receive an annual salary of three hundred thousand pesos.
On August 21, 1989, Republic Act No. 6758 directed the
Department of Budget and Managements (DBM) to establish and
administer a unified Compensation and Position Classification
System along lines specified in that Act.[5] On March 14, 2007,
President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo issued Executive Order No.
611 Department of Budget and Management (DBM) is hereby
directed to implement a ten percent (10%) increase over the basic
monthly salaries of civilian government personnel whose positions
are covered by the Compensation and Position Classification
System as of June 30, 2007, including the salaries of the
President, Vice-President, Senators and members of the House of
Representatives, but to take effect only after the expiration of the
respective terms of office of the incumbent officials pursuant to
Section 10 of Article VI and Section 6 of Article VII of the 1987
Constitution.[6][7] In August 2010, after President Benigno Aquino
received his first paychecks, Philippine newspapers reported that

his salary was PhP95,000 per month and by 2011, the president's
salary will reach P107,000 a month, and P120,000 by 2012.[8]

References[edit]
Wikisource has original
text related to this article:
Provisional Constitution
of the Philippines (1897)

Wikisource has original

text related to this article:
Constitution of the
Philippines (1899)

Wikisource has original

text related to this article:
Constitution of the
Philippines (1935)

Wikisource has original

text related to this article:
Constitution of the
Philippines (1943)

Wikisource has original

text related to this article:
Constitution of the
Philippines (1973)

Wikisource has original

text related to this article:
Provisional Constitution
of the Philippines (1986)

Wikisource has original

text related to this article:
Constitution of the
Philippines (1987)

1. ^ Jump up to:a b c "Noynoy's new home is Bahay Pangarap".

2. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i j k "Bahay Pangarap: Aquino's future

home?".
3. Jump up^ "Emilio Aguinaldo". Official Gazette of the Philippine
Government. March 22, 2011.
4. Jump up^ Guevara, Sulpico, ed. (2005). The laws of the first
Philippine Republic (the laws of Malolos) 1898-1899.. Ann Arbor,
Michigan: University of Michigan Library (published 1972).
RetrievedJanuary 10, 2011.
5. Jump up^ Compensation and Position Classification Act of
1989 (August 21, 1989), Chan Robles Virtual Law Library.
6. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i j k l "1987 Constitution of the Republic of
the Philippines". Chan Robles Virtual Law Library.
RetrievedJanuary 7, 2008.
7. Jump up^ EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 611, AUTHORIZING
COMPENSATION ADJUSTMENTS TO GOVERNMENT
PERSONNEL (July 1, 2007), Lawphil.net.
8. Jump up^ "Aquino to spend part of first salary in paying his bills".
The Mindanao Daily Mirror. August 6, 2010. Archived from the
originalon September 29, 2010. Retrieved August
6, 2010. Aquinos salary is pegged at P 95,000 but due to
automatic deductions, President Aquino received a net income of
P63,002.17. His pay check was released July 30 and the President
received it last Monday (Aug. 2)By 2011, Aquinos pay would reach
P107,000 a month and P120,000 by 2012.
9. Jump up^ Borromeo & Borromeo-Buehler 1998, p. 25 (Item 3 in
the list, referring to Note 41 at p.61, citing Sulyap Kultura (National
Commission of Culture and the Arts, Philippines) 1 (2). 1996. This
article underscores the existence of a de facto revolutionary
government (with Bonifacio as its president) that antedated the
revolutionary government in Cavite based upon the
controversialTejeros Convention. An attempt to change the official
date of theCry [see Cry of Pugad Lawin] from 23 to 24 Aug, 1896
during a committee hearing on Senate Bill No. 336, held on 17
Aug. 1993, apparently failed.);
^ Borromeo & Borromeo-Buehler 1998, p. 26, "Formation of a
revolutionary government";
^ Borromeo & Borromeo-Buehler 1998, p. 135 (in "Document
G",Account of Mr. Bricco Brigado Pantos).
10. Jump up^ Halili & Halili 2004, pp. 138139.
11. Jump up^ Severino, Howie (November 27, 2007). "Bonifacio for
(first) president". GMA News..
12. Jump up^ *Guerrero, Milagros; Schumacher, S.J., John
(1998). Reform and Revolution. Kasaysayan: The History of the
Filipino People 5. Asia Publishing Company Limited. ISBN 962258-228-1..
13. Jump up^ *Guerrero, Milagros; Encarnacin, Emmanuel; Villegas,
Ramn (1996). "Andrs Bonifacio and the 1896
Revolution". Sulyap Kultura (National Commission for Culture and
the Arts) 1 (2): 312..
14. Jump up^ Ambeth Ocampo (May 11, 2010). "Bonifacio, First
President of the Philippines?". Philippine Daily Inquirer.
15. Jump up^ Ambeth Ocampo (May 11, 2007). "Looking Back :
Election fraud at the Tejeros Convention"..

16. Jump up^ Regalado, Felix B., and Quintin B. Franco

(1973). History of Panay. Jaro, Iloilo City: Central Philippine
University.
17. Jump
up^ http://www.colorado.edu/AmStudies/lewis/2010/usoccupy.htm
18. ^ Jump up to:a b c Tucker, Spencer C. (2009). The encyclopedia of
the Spanish-American and Philippine-American wars: a political,
social, and military history. ABC-CLIO. p. 8. ISBN 978-1-85109951-1.
19. Jump up^ manilatimes.net, Lawmaker: History wrong on Gen.
Malvar
20. Jump up^ Flores, Paul (August 12, 1995). "Macario Sakay:
Tulisn or Patriot?". Philippine History Group of Los ngeles.
RetrievedApril 8, 2007.
21. Jump up^ The Philippine Presidents, The official website of the
Government of the Philippines.
22. Jump up^ Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy, U.S. Library of Congress.
23. Jump up^ 1987 Constitution
24. ^ Jump up to:a b "ANG 1987 KONSTITUSYON NG REPUBLIKA NG
PILIPINAS". seasite.niu.edu.
25. Jump up^ Chan-Robles Virtual Law Library. "The 1987
Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines Article XI".
Retrieved July 25, 2008.
26. Jump up^ The 1943 Constitution
27. Jump up^ The 1935 Constitution
28. Jump up^ The 1973 Constitution
29. Jump up^ PROCLAMATION No. 1081 (September 21, 1972),
PROCLAIMING A STATE OF MARTIAL LAW IN THE
PHILIPPINES, Lawphil.net.
30. Jump up^ 1935 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE
PHILIPPINES - CHAN ROBLES VIRTUAL LAW LIBRARY
31. Jump up^ 1973 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE
PHILIPPINES - CHAN ROBLES VIRTUAL LAW LIBRARY
32. Jump up^ 1987 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE
PHILIPPINES - CHAN ROBLES VIRTUAL LAW LIBRARY
33. Jump up^ A century of alternative Malacaangs | Modern Living,
Lifestyle Features, The Philippine Star | philstar.com
34. Jump up^ Grandstands and grand public spaces | Modern Living,
Lifestyle Features, The Philippine Star | philstar.com
35. ^ Jump up to:a b "How was PNoys first night at Bahay Pangarap?".
36. ^ Jump up to:a b c "Bahay Pangarap for P-Noy ready".
37. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g "Briefer on Bahay Pangarap and
Malacaang Park".
38. Jump up^ Palace shops for P1.2-B jet 10 months before Arroyo
exit - Nation - GMANews.TV - Official Website of GMA News and
Public Affairs - Latest Philippine News
39. Jump up^ Malacaang cancels plan to purchase P1.2-B jet Nation - GMANews.TV - Official Website of GMA News and Public
Affairs - Latest Philippine News
40. Jump up^ The Presidential Yachts, Official Gazette, Office of the
President.
41. Jump up^ President Aquino arrives at the Palace - YouTube

42. Jump up^ Palace: Presidential Car Necessary Expense - Yahoo

News Philippines
43. Jump up^ Jose P. Laurel[dead link], The Philippine Presidency
Project[dead link].
44. Jump up^ Sergio Osmea[dead link], The Philippine Presidency
Project[dead link].
45. Jump up^ Elpidio Quirino, The Philippine Presidency Project[dead link].
46. Jump up^ Carlos P. Garca[dead link], The Philippine Presidency
Project[dead link].
47. Jump up^ Amita O. Legaspi, Estrada to return to Malacaang,
January 11, 2007, GMANews.TV
48. Jump up^ 9 years after ouster, Erap back in Malacaang, January
12, 2010, GMANews.TV
49. Jump up^ QTV: Erap back in Malacaang for NSC meeting,
December 1, 2010, GMANews.TV
50. Jump up^ Tonette Orejas, Charlene Cayabyab, Arroyo proclaimed
congresswoman of Pampangas 2nd district, May 13, 2010,
Philippine Daily Inquirer
51. Jump up^ The Manila Times Internet Edition | TOP STORIES >
Pullout of Erap security a mistake (archived from the original on
2007-03-07)

Bibliography[edit]

Borromeo, Soledad Masangkay; Borromeo-Buehler, Soledad

(1998). The cry of Balintawak: a contrived controversy : a textual
analysis with appended documents. Ateneo de Manila University
Press. ISBN 978-971-550-278-8.
Halili, Christine N; Halili, Maria Christine (2004). Philippine History. Rex
Bookstore, Inc. ISBN 978-971-23-3934-9.

External links[edit]

Office of the President of the Philippines

The Presidential Museum and Library
1987 Constitution of the Philippines
'We Say Mabuhay' - The Anthem of the President of the Philippines
'March of the President of the Philippines' (unofficial title) - song
played when the President is given military honors by the AFP
[show]

Presidents of the Philippines

[show]

Philippines topics
Categories:

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