International Tourism

Table of Contents
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 2
Analysis of strategies .................................................................................................................................... 2
Carbon Management ................................................................................................................................. 2
Benefits ................................................................................................................................................. 2
Barriers.................................................................................................................................................. 3
Corporate Social Responsibility ............................................................................................................... 3
Benefits ................................................................................................................................................. 3
Barriers.................................................................................................................................................. 4
Supply Chain Strategy .............................................................................................................................. 4
Benefits ................................................................................................................................................. 4
Barriers.................................................................................................................................................. 5
Benefits, Success and Sustainability of Strategies ........................................................................................ 5
Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................... 5
References ..................................................................................................................................................... 6

Introduction
The purpose of this study is to evaluate or discuss different strategies, which analyse the role of
international tourism management. Besides, the strategies are discussed that are used in the
international tourism industry. The part of the paper is intended to analyze the strategies that are
useful in development of company. In addition, different strategies are discussed in order to
analyze the role of the strategies in the tourism companies. Furthermore, the paper is to evaluate
the role of tourism managers in the international tourism in making the journey of travellers
interesting and enjoyable without having obstacles in the trip. The role of the tourism manager is
to fulfil the needs and demands regarding the services and needs of the customers while
travelling for example people goes to different places for vacations in holiday, the tourist
manager arrange the trips, residence and guides for the customers so they can avoid hurdles
(Castillo-Manzano, Lopez-Valpuesta, & Alans, 2014).
Analysis of strategies
Carbon Management
While examining the carbon management strategy, it has been depicted that under this strategy
the businesses involved in international tourism activities are required to take the emission of
harmful toxics or gases into consideration so that such emissions do not in any way harm the
environment. Moreover, the tourism operators are also responsible to uphold sustainability in the
countries they visit. It implies that they are responsible to increase the social and economical
factors of these countries through their business activities. Considering this, tourism companies
nowadays strategize to adopt eco-tourism in their activities. Some of the most significant factors
for tourism manager are increasing energy cost, release pressure from society and raising the
demands for trips, and wish to gain attention of consumers and colleagues by doing good deeds
for customers. Carbon management in tourism manage their activities by changing airline
partners, give preference to direct flights instead of indirect one, making product choice by
giving the preference to the demand of the customers. There are many customers, who prefer the
echo friendly services due to which it can be said that every customer have different demands.
The company is supposed to analyze the demands of the customer and select policies according
to it to enhance the business of the organization and boost natural environment (Strasdas, 2010 )
Benefits
There are many benefits for organizations and natural environment by implementing the carbon
management strategies for example Club Med have location for their resorts and villages on
different parts of the world. They operate their business by implementing the carbon
management to avoid the use of carbon in different processes of their working. The strategy has
a huge success for the company as it reduces the consumption of carbon in the work process and
development of the resorts, on other hand, it helps the organization to get clean and healthy
environment and satisfaction of the customer. On other hand, The Tourism Company is a UK
based organization that consult places with low carbon consumptions and it is observed that the
organization has increased its business and a majority of customers prefer to travel through the
company organized facilities (Okereke, 2007).

Barriers
There are many barriers in the implementation of the carbon management strategy as it is related
to decrease the use of carbon in the manufacturing, transportation of vehicles and other. The data
and information gaps are one of the barriers, as it requires planning of the long-term scenarios
especially when a country deals in marine life tourism to effectively employ the carbon
management strategy to put into practice. However, it is the marine tourism and tourism
designation of different kinds have ethical standards that should be followed to avoid obstacle in
the business of the country. Furthermore, it is important to formulate the carbon policy according
to the needs of the natural environment therefore; it takes long term planning (Gssling, Scott, &
Hall, 2015).
Corporate Social Responsibility
The key factors of CSR involve corporate governance, labour relations, positive actions and
good practices. From this strategy, industry gains financial benefits in most of the areas such as
HRM, risk management, reputation, and to access capital and cost savings. Employees are more
willing in doing work leading to more satisfaction and increase in loyalty with the Company that
adopts CSR strategy. Also, it provides journey to experience fishing, client experience this art by
local fishing crews. For example, it also provides special packages and programs at paying of
full rate at every night. Clients can pay whatever they wish that is dedicated for CSR program.
The main focus of CSR program is to support local islands in developing sustainable structure
likewise libraries.
Benefits
CSR is a sort of commitment of the business to enhance the economic development and
fulfilment of the ethical responsibilities. It is very significant for the tourism industry which
comprises of health and safety problems. This strategy enables the company to gain customer
loyalty and also trust from the workers which offer their best services to increase the productivity
of the company. However, the corporate social responsibility on one hand enables the company
to comply with the tourism laws such as payment of the taxes ensuring no tax evasion.
Additionally, stakeholder management is also an important aspect of the corporate social
responsibility for the tourism business. The stakeholders invest their money in the business and
expect to receive large amount of dividends from the owners of the company. In other words, the
corporate social responsibility assists the company to ultimately conduct the business operations
effectively. It helps the companies to obey the regulations appropriately in the competitive
environment. Besides, it also encourages the companies to do some charity work for the sake of
welfare of the people. The corporate social responsibility makes the companies legally
responsible to perform their duties well in the business environment appropriately. Thus, it also
enables the companies to increase their competitiveness rapidly leading to higher productivity.
Corporate social responsibility augments the financial results which encourages the investors to
invest more money leading to higher proceeds for the companies. Thus, it also makes the
company more competitive through gaining the customer loyalty and workers commitment in
their precise companys goals (Kotler, 2013). For example Alila Villas Hadaha a famous resort
which has adopted innovative ideas to introduce its consumers to local culture trends and
behaviours. Its main target areas are economic and social. Society and clients is its main target as
to provide benefits. It provides local islanders that are well in performing activity to showcase it
in the resort so the tourists are easily considering the activity and purchase items from weavers.
Another example is of Baa Atoll in Maldives, which is a resort forum or a voluntary group of six

resorts. It adopts CSR and its aim is to provide sustainable environment and creating awareness
of threats to marine life in Atoll and overall Maldives. Activities involves guide for the
protection of sea creatures such as shark, night fishing practices, waste disposal and other related
to environmental concern.
Barriers
In order to build sustainable CSR strategy, company could face some barriers in aspect to focus
on business value in order to meet the challenges. The biggest barrier is lack of awareness about
CSR within customers and public. The existing government rules and policies is the another
barrier in order to implement CSR. Cost in adopting CSR is also a barrier for tourism industry
manager. Understanding the customers perception is the main hurdle that arises in implementing
the CSR strategy. On implementing strategy there is a need to focus on right issues among
several issues related to the industry. Moreover, manager should analyze the CSR strategy in its
early phase that whether it is effective and profitable or not. Conversely, there are few drawbacks
of the corporate social responsibility, which are analysed by the business entities. One of the
disadvantages is that the company cannot conceal its current earnings to avoid the actual tax
payment incurred. In some conditions, when the new companies initiate their new businesses
may feel hard to pay the taxes when it achieve very fewer profits as compared to the other
competitors. There are no drawbacks for the customers.
Supply Chain Strategy
The supply chain is a distribution channel and involves distribution and marketing activities in
the chain. It includes the processes and the steps involved from the production to the final
delivery of the product. The typical tourism supply chain consists of four components i.e. tour
supplier, tour operator, tour agent, and customer. All these four components are linked in a
single chain. Every supply chain varies with the type of product supplied by business. In order to
define the tourism supply chain, identifying tourism and features and its products are of great
significance. There are specific market sources from where the tourism services can be availed.
The tourism services are normally available in specific territories. Therefore the tourism supply
chain varies according to the location or destination of source market (Zhang, 2009).
The tourism supply chain is defined as a network in which different tourism organization
engaged in activities ranging from the supply of tourism services and products for example
accommodation and flight to the distribution of the product at the specific tourism locations
followed by the marketing of final tourism product. The tourism supply chain involves wide
range of participants from both the public and private sectors (Zhang, 2009).
Understanding the characteristic of products and services in tourism is difficult as tourism is a
complex industry. The final tourism product is a bundle of intensive coordinate activities such as
accommodation, flight, transportation, and sightseeing.
Benefits
The tourism supply chain management aims to eliminate waste from the supply chain and to
enhance the tourism services. Elimination of waste such as reducing waiting time, inventory and
unnecessary making contracts from different hotels leads to the reduction of overall cost. Supply
chain strategy helps in tourism business to deliver quality service and by reducing gaps in all
stages of supply. It paced up the process of supplying the services and products to the final

tourists. For instance, without supply chain management, Club Med will be restrained to deliver
its services and products to a large number of tourists. The supply chain enables the Club Med to
facilitate large number of customers and satisfy them by delivering desired product and services
on their desired locations. The supply chain strategy provides interlinked processes which helps
in improving customer service and leads to greater turn over (Song, 2012).
Barriers
As the tourism industry is complex, this complexity also affects the supply chain. The barriers in
the tourism supply chain are multi dimensional. From creating the product and service to finding
lead and efficient suppliers, all the process includes hurdles. For instance, in supply chain,
Crown Resorts face the difficulty of outsourcing for marketing their product and services. This
remains a big challenge as this creates a big gap in the supply chain and create hurdle in reaching
the desired customer (Song, 2012).
Benefits, Success and Sustainability of Strategies
The carbon management strategy can be beneficial for the company in generating the business
and enhance the loyalty of customers for the company in the international trade. It is obvious that
the tourism industry depends on the natural environment, the companies are willing to implement
these strategies because it is cost efficient and it provide healthier environment to people. The
issue with the policy is that in the absence of carbon management the companies can suffer from
loss (Okereke, 2007).
Another strategy in the tourism industry is the implementation of the corporate social
responsibility that revolves around the ethical and social responsibility of the organization and
the customer. These policies help the organization in getting their loyal customers and enhance
the economical development of the organization with fulfilled ethical responsibilities (Whitfield,
2012).
Supply chain strategy is one of the policies that help the organization to improve the customer
value and gain the competitive advantage in the business environment. Maintaining the good
relationships with the customer helps the company to maintain good relationships with the
supplier in the business operations. Companies can achieve high profit margins by implementing
the policy and also can increase the productivity of the tourism business in the international
market (Guo, Ling, Dong, & Liang, 2013).
Conclusion
It is concluded that there is an important role of the tourist managers in the international tourism
companies. Furthermore, strategies are mentioned that are essential for the working and business
of the tourism companies in order to enhance the business in the international market.
Respectively three strategies policies are discussed on the bases of the requirement of the tourism
industry. It is recommended that tourism company should select the carbon policy, supply chain
and corporate social responsibility strategies because currently the companies in the tourism
industry prefer echo friendly system that helps the company in achieving high targets, loyal
customers and social ethical codes that are mentioned by different government of their respective
locations.

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