Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
NUTRIENT REMOVAL
(C, N, & P) FROM
WASTEWATER
N
P
Algae
cell
PLI_WP_QH_CNP Removal
4/25/2014
Anaerob condition
PLI_WP_QH_CNP Removal
CO2 + H2O
NO3- + 2H2O
4/25/2014
Ca5OH(PO4)3 + 3H2O
Ca hidroxy apatite
NH3 + H2O
PLI_WP_QH_CNP Removal
4/25/2014
HENRY LAW
Cg
Cs
Cl
Cg = gas concentration in gas phase
Cl = gas concentration in liquid phase
Cs = saturated gas concentration
If
Cl > Cs
If
Cl < Cs
BIOLOGICAL PROCESS
PLI_WP_QH_CNP Removal
4/25/2014
NUTRIENT REMOVAL
BIOLOGICAL PROCESS
relatively more economical than those two
other process
No chemical added
Using microorganism activity in the water.
ORGANIC C REMOVAL
C organic expressed in mg/l BOD, or COD, or TOC
C organic is a substrate and energy source for
microorganisms (m.o) in water
In aerobic conditions where oxygen concentration is
not a limiting factor of growth, the end result of organic
C degradation are CO2 and water
CxHyOn + O2
PLI_WP_QH_CNP Removal
4/25/2014
Note:
The process of degradation of organic C under
anaerobic conditions does not take in one process
The anaerobic process takes place in at least three
(3) stages:
Hydrolysis:
Hydrolyze complex organic compounds into
simpler organic compounds
Acidification:
Simple organic compounds converted into volatile
acids (acetic, formic, etc..)
Methanogenesa :
Volatile acids are converted into methane gas,
methane gas and direct synthesis of H2 and CO2
PLI_WP_QH_CNP Removal
4/25/2014
kWH/ton BOD
Aerob
Anaerob
2500
+
_
50
50
2500
150
1500
2500
mg/l BOD in
treated wastewater
PLI_WP_QH_CNP Removal
4/25/2014
Flow in reactor:
CSTR (Completely Stirred Tank Reactor)
Activated sludge
Aerated lagoon
Fluidized Bed Reactor
Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC)
PFR (Plug Flow Reactor)
Trickling Filter
Baffled Channel
UASB
Submerged Filter
PLI_WP_QH_CNP Removal
4/25/2014
N REMOVAL
N in wastewater:
NH4+, NO2-, NO3-, dan organic-N.
Along with the process of biodegradation of organic
compounds, N will be released into the water as :
NH3 if degraded anaerobically, in water will be
disassociate to NH4+.
NH4OH
NH4+ + OHNH3 + H2O
NH4OH if degraded aerobically
N is one nutrient that is required in the formation of
the cell (algae and other m.o.)
Nitrosomonas
PLI_WP_QH_CNP Removal
Nitrobacter
2NO3-
4/25/2014
6NO3- + 5CH3OH
denitrifier
Note:
M.o. group autotroph growth rate is much slower
than the group heterotroph .
In the process of aerobic biodegradation of organic
compounds, nitrification process will take place
when the concentration of organic C has decreased
a lot, because autotrophs can not compete with
heterotroph in the use of oxygen
Contn:
In operation unit for elimination of organic C in
aerobic conditions with suspended growth reactor
(activated sludge process and modifications),
nitrification takes place if done advanced aeration
(extended aeration). One of the advantages of the
contact-stabilization activated sludge process is that
the process of nitrification is more effectively.
in stabilization pond/lagoon, nitrification take place
in the maturation pond.
in the Trickling Filter, nitrification take place in the
deeper bed.
in the RBC, nitrification take place after the third unit
PLI_WP_QH_CNP Removal
10
4/25/2014
Cont:
In aerobic operating units, NH4 + is only converted
to nitrate and nitrite. So N has not disappeared
from the waste water.
In biofilm reactor (RBC, trickling filter, etc..), If the
biofilm layer has been thickened, there is no
affordable O2 penetration. This layer becomes
anoxic conditions so if in the top layer occur
nitrification process, in the anoxic layer occur
denitrification process
O2
O2
O2 biofilm
Supporting material
for microbe growth
O2
O2
O2
O2
O2
P REMOVAL
P compounds in wastewater are in the form of
ortho-phosphate (OP), poly phosphate (PP)
Poly Phosphate will be hydrolyzed into orthophosphate so that the majority of P in the water
there is in the form of ortho phosphate
P removal is usually done chemically by precipitated
as aluminum phosphate or Ca hydroxyapatite
P is also a necessary nutrient for micro-organisms
in the formation of the cell in the form of ATP and
ADP
Microbial cells can also store excess P in the form
of Poly Phosphate in the vacuola as a backup
source of energy
PLI_WP_QH_CNP Removal
11
4/25/2014
PLI_WP_QH_CNP Removal
12
4/25/2014
PLI_WP_QH_CNP Removal
13
4/25/2014
PLI_WP_QH_CNP Removal
14
4/25/2014
Aerated Lagoon
Activated Sludge
PLI_WP_QH_CNP Removal
15
4/25/2014
Oxydation Ditch
PLI_WP_QH_CNP Removal
16
4/25/2014
clarifier
influen
efluen
tangki kontak
tangki
stabilisasi
resirkulasi
lumpur
pembuangan lumpur
PLI_WP_QH_CNP Removal
17
4/25/2014
Trickling Filter
Trickling Filter
PLI_WP_QH_CNP Removal
18
4/25/2014
Trickling Filter
PLI_WP_QH_CNP Removal
19
4/25/2014
PLI_WP_QH_CNP Removal
20
4/25/2014
PLI_WP_QH_CNP Removal
21
4/25/2014
Resirkulasi efluen
clarifier
aerob
anoksik
aerob
anoksik
Resirkulasi lumpur
clarifier
kontak
anoksik
Resirkulasi
lumpur
stabilisasi
PLI_WP_QH_CNP Removal
22
4/25/2014
P LUXURY UPTAKE
aerob
anoksik
aerob
BOD
BOD
OP
BOD
OP
OP
OP
sel
PP
sel
BOD +O2
+ CO2 + H2O +
energy
PP
hidrolIsa
PP
OP + energy
sel
PP
BOD +O2
CO2 + H2O +
energy +
BOD
P
PLI_WP_QH_CNP Removal
23