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Rem Koolhaas

Remment Lucas Rem Koolhaas (/rmklhs/;


born 17 November 1944) is a Dutch architect,
architectural theorist, urbanist and Professor in Practice
of Architecture and Urban Design at the Graduate School
of Design at Harvard University. Koolhaas studied at
the Architectural Association School of Architecture
in London and at Cornell University in Ithaca, New
York. Koolhaas is the founding partner of OMA, and
of its research-oriented counterpart AMO based in
Rotterdam, the Netherlands. In 2005, he co-founded
Volume Magazine together with Mark Wigley and Ole
Bouman
In 2000, Rem Koolhaas won the Pritzker Prize.[1] In
2008, Time put him in their top 100 of The Worlds Most
Rem Koolhaas inspecting the Seattle Central Library model.
Inuential People.[2]
2005

Early life and career

in 1972, by further studies with O. Mathias Ungers at


Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, followed by studRemment Koolhaas, usually abbreviated to Rem Kool- ies at the Institute for Architecture and Urban Studies in
haas, was born on 17 November 1944 in Rotterdam, New York City.
Netherlands to Anton Koolhaas (19121992) and Selinde Koolhaas rst came to public and critical attention with
Pietertje Roosenburg (born 1920). His father was a OMA (The Oce for Metropolitan Architecture), the
novelist, critic, and screenwriter. Two documentary lms oce he founded in 1975 together with architects Elia
by Bert Haanstra for which his father wrote the scenarios Zenghelis, Zoe Zenghelis and (Koolhaass wife) Madelon
were nominated for an Academy Award for Documentary Vriesendorp in London. They were later joined by one
Feature, one won a Golden Bear for Short Film. His ma- of Koolhaass students, Zaha Hadid who would soon
ternal grandfather, Dirk Roosenburg (18871962), was go on to achieve success in her own right. An early
a modernist architect who worked for Hendrik Petrus work which would mark their dierence from the then
Berlage, before opening his own practice. Rem Kool- dominant postmodern classicism of the late 1970s, was
haas has a brother, Thomas, and a sister, Annabel. their contribution to the Venice Biennale of 1980, cuHis paternal cousin was the architect and urban planner rated by Italian architect Paolo Portoghesi, titled PresTeun Koolhaas (19402007). The family lived consec- ence of the Past. Each architect had to design a stageutively in Rotterdam (until 1946), Amsterdam (1946 like frontage to a Potemkin-type internal street; the
1952), Jakarta (19521955), and Amsterdam (from faades by Costantino Dardi (it), Frank Gehry and OMA
1955).[3][4][5]
were the only ones that did not employ Post-Modern arHis father strongly supported the Indonesian cause for au- chitecture motifs or historical references.
tonomy from the colonial Dutch in his writing. When Other early critically received (yet unbuilt) projects inthe war of independence was won, he was invited over to cluded the Parc de la Villette, Paris (1982) and the resirun a cultural programme for three years and the family dence for the President of Ireland (1981), as well as the
moved to Jakarta in 1952. It was a very important age for Kunsthal in Rotterdam (1992). These schemes would atme, Koolhaas recalls and I really lived as an Asian.[6] tempt to put into practice many of the ndings Koolhaas
In 1969, Koolhaas co-wrote The White Slave, a Dutch made in his book Delirious New York (1978),[8] which
lm noir, and later wrote an unproduced script for Amer- was written while he was a visiting scholar at the Institute
ican soft-porn king Russ Meyer.[7]
for Architecture and Urban Studies in New York, diHe then was a journalist for the Haagse Post before start- rected by Peter Eisenman.
ing studies, in 1968, in architecture at the Architectural In September 2006, Rem Koolhaas was commissioned to
Association School of Architecture in London, followed, develop 111 First Street in Jersey City across the Hudson
1

2 THEORETICAL POSITION

River from Manhattan, working with real estate developer tect Louis Sullivan at the beginning of the 20th century.
Louis Dubin.[9]
The notion was rst questioned in Delirious New York,
In October 2008, Rem Koolhaas was invited for a Euro- in his analysis of high-rise architecture in Manhattan.
pean group of the wise under the chairmanship of for- An early design method derived from such thinking was
mer Spanish prime minister Felipe Gonzlez to help 'de- cross-programming, introducing unexpected functions
sign' the future European Union. Other members include in room programmes, such as running tracks in skyscrapNokia chairman Jorma Ollila, former European Commis- ers. More recently, Koolhaas (unsuccessfully) proposed
sioner Mario Monti and former president of Poland Lech the inclusion of hospital units for the homeless into the
Seattle Public Library project (2003).
Wasa.[10][11]

2
2.1

Theoretical position
Delirious New York

Koolhaass book Delirious New York set the pace for his
career. Koolhaas celebrates the chance-like nature of
city life: The City is an addictive machine from which
there is no escape Rem Koolhaas...dened the city as a
collection of red hot spots.[12] (Anna Klingmann). As
Koolhaas himself has acknowledged, this approach had
already been evident in the Japanese Metabolist Movement in the 1960s and early 1970s.

2.2 S,M,L,XL
The next landmark publication by Koolhaas was
S,M,L,XL, together with Bruce Mau, Jennifer Sigler, and
Hans Werlemann (1995),[13] a 1376-page tome combining essays, manifestos, diaries, ction, travelogues, and
meditations on the contemporary city. The layout of
the huge book transformed architectural publishing, and
such booksfull-colour graphics and dense textshave
since become common. Ostensibly, S,M,L,XL gives a
record of the actual implementation of Manhattanism
throughout the various (mostly unrealized) projects
and texts OMA had generated up to that time. The
part lexicon-type layout (with a marginal dictionary
composed by Jennifer Sigler, who also edited the
book) spawned a number of concepts that have become
common in later architectural theory, in particular
Bigness": 'old' architectural principles (composition,
scale, proportion, detail) no longer apply when a building
acquires Bigness. This was demonstrated in OMAs
scheme for the development of "Euralille" (199094), a
new centre for the city of Lille in France, a city returned
to prominence by its position on the new rail route from
Paris to London via the Channel Tunnel. OMA sited
a train station, two centres for commerce and trade, an
urban park, and 'Congrexpo' (a contemporary Grand
Palais with a large concert hall, three auditoria and an
exhibition space). In another essay in the book, titled
The Generic City, Koolhaas declares that progress,
identity, architecture, the city and the street are things of
the past: Relief its over. That is the story of the city.
The city is no longer. We can leave the theatre now...

2.3 Project on the city

Seattle Central Library Seattle, USA, designed by OMA

A key aspect of architecture that Koolhaas interrogates


is the "Program": with the rise of modernism in the
20th century the Program became the key theme of
architectural design. The notion of the Program involves an act to edit function and human activities as
the pretext of architectural design: epitomised in the
maxim Form follows function, rst popularised by archi-

Koolhaass next landmark publications were a product of


his position as professor at Harvard University, in the design schools Project on the City"; rstly the 720-page
Mutations,[14] followed by The Harvard Design School
Guide to Shopping (2002)[15] and The Great Leap Forward (2002).[16] All three books involved Koolhaass students analysing what others would regard as non-cities,
sprawling conglomerates such as Lagos in Nigeria, west
Africa, which the authors argue are highly functional despite a lack of infrastructure. The authors also examine the inuence of shopping habits and the recent rapid
growth of cities in China. Critics of the books have

2.4

OMA

3
as Earths third-biggest city, as well as interviews with
Martha Stewart and Robert Venturi and Denise Scott
Brown.

2.4 OMA

Embassy of the Netherlands, Berlin, Germany, opened in 2004.


Koolhaass design won the Architekturpreis Berlin in 2003 and
the Mies van der Rohe Award for European Architecture in 2005.

In the late nineties, while working on the design for


the new headquarters for Universal (currently Vivendi),
OMA was rst exposed to the full pace of change that
engulfed the world of media and with it the increasing
importance of the virtual domain. It led Rem Koolhaas
and the Oce for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) to
create a new company, AMO, exclusively dedicated to
the investigation and performance in this realm. He is
heading the think tank ever since with Reinier de Graaf.

2.5 Volume Magazine


criticised Koolhaas for being cynical as if Western
capitalism and globalization demolish all cultural identity highlighted in the notion expounded in the books
that In the end, there will be little else for us to do but
shop. However, such cynicism can alternatively be read
as a realism about the transformation of cultural life,
where airports and even museums (due to nance problems) rely just as much on operating gift shops.

In 2005, Rem Koolhaas co-founded Volume Magazine


together with Mark Wigley and Ole Bouman. Volume
Magazine the collaborative project by Archis (Amsterdam), AMO Rotterdam and C-lab (Columbia University
NY) is a dynamic experimental think tank devoted to
the process of spatial and cultural reexivity. It goes beyond architectures denition of making buildings and
reaches out for global views on architecture and design,
broader attitudes to social structures, and creating environments to live in. The magazine stands for a journalism which detects and anticipates, is proactive and even
pre-emptive a journalism which uncovers potentialities,
rather than covering done deals.

When it comes to transforming these observations into


practice, Koolhaas mobilizes what he regards as the omnipotent forces of urbanism into unique design forms and
connections organised along the lines of present day society. Koolhaas continuously incorporates his observations
of the contemporary city within his design activities: calling such a condition the culture of congestion. Again,
shopping is examined for intellectual comfort, whilst
the unregulated taste and densication of Chinese cities 2.6 European Flag proposal
is analysed according to performance, a criterion involving variables with debatable credibility: density, newness, shape, size, money etc. For example, in his design
for the new CCTV headquarters in Beijing (2009), Koolhaas did not opt for the stereotypical skyscraper, often
used to symbolise and landmark such government enterprises, but instead designed a series of volumes which not
only tie together the numerous departments onto the nebulous site, but also introduced routes (again, the concept
of cross-programming) for the general public through the
site, allowing them some degree of access to the production procedure. Through his ruthlessly raw approach,
Koolhaas hopes to extract the architect from the anxiety
of a dead profession and resurrect a contemporary inter- European Flag proposal
pretation of the sublime, however eeting it may be.
In 2003, Content, a 544-page magazine-style book designed by &&& Creative and published by Koolhaas,
gives an overview of the last decade of OMA projects[17]
including his designs for the Prada shops,[1] the Seattle
Public Library, a plan to save Cambridge from Harvard by rechanneling the Charles River, Lagos future

Following the signing of Treaties of Nice in May 2001,


which made Brussels the de facto capital of the European
Union, the then President of the European Commission,
Romano Prodi and the Belgian Prime Minister Guy Verhofstadt invited Koolhaas to discuss the necessities and
requirements of a European capital.

2 THEORETICAL POSITION

During these talks and as an impetus for further discussion, Koolhaas and his think-tank AMO an independent
part of OMA suggested the development of a visual language. This idea inspired a series of drawings and drafts,
including the "Barcode". The barcode seeks to unite the
ags of the EU member countries into a single, colourful symbol. In the current European ag, there is a xed
number of stars. In the barcode however, new Member
States of the EU can be added without space constraints.
Originally, the barcode displayed 15 EU countries. In
2004, the symbol was adapted to include the ten new
Member States.
Since the time of the rst drafts of the barcode it has very
rarely been ocially used by commercial or political institutions. During the Austrian EU Presidency 2006, it
was ocially used for the rst time. The logo was used
for the EU information campaign, but was very negatively
criticized. In addition to the initially uproar caused by the
Estonian ag stripes displayed incorrectly, the proposed
ag failed to achieve its main objective as a symbol. Critics pointed the lack of capability to relate the signied
(the mental concept, the European Union) with the signier (the physical image, the stripes) as the major problem, as well as the presented justication for the order in
which the color stripes were displayed (as every country
in the EU should be regarded as equal in importance and
priority).

2.7

Architecture, fashion, and theatre

Second Stage Theatre, New York, USA

Prada store opened in December 2001, cost 32 million


to build, and has 2,300 square meters of retail space.[1]
Prior to his Prada project in New York, Koolhaas was
behind another remodeling project on the other side of
town. Koolhaas redesigned a 1929 bank and transformed
it into a one-of-a-kind, 296 seat, performance space for
Second Stage Theatre.

2.8 21st Century Oce


At the moment Koolhaas constructions sites are in
China: the massive Central China Television Headquarters Building in Beijing, China, and the new building
for the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, the equivalent of the
NASDAQ in China.
Recently, he has changed the organization of his oce to
a partnership. Partners next to him are Ellen van Loon,
Reinier de Graaf, Shohei Shigematsu and managing partner Victor van der Chijs. The partner Ole Scheeren left
OMA in March 2010 to start his own practice.
Koolhaas now heads oces in Europe (OMA*AMO Rotterdam), North America (OMA*AMO Architecture PC
New York) and Asia (OMA Beijing).

Prada, Beverly Hills, USA

OMA Rotterdam: the head oce is working on a master


plan for the White City area of London; a harbour redevelopment and contemporary art Museum in Riga, the
Cordoba Congress Centre in Spain; the redevelopment
of the Mercati Generali in Rome, an architectural centre,
oces and housing in Copenhagen, the new head oce
of Rothschild Bank in London and multi-use towers in
Rotterdam and The Hague. It is also working on various
masterplans in the Netherlands and Belgium and shopping centres in Rotterdam and Ostrava. In addition the
Rotterdam oce has a number of activities in the Middle
East including oce and residential towers and master
plans in Dubai, three master plans in Ras -Al-Khaimah
and several public buildings in Qatar. With his Rotterdam oce Koolhaas is also designing a science center
for Hamburgs Hafencity.

With his Prada projects, Koolhaas ventured into providing architecture for the eeting world of fashion and with
celebrity-studded cachet: not unlike Garniers Opera, the
central space of Koolhaas Beverly Hills Prada store is occupied by a massive central staircase, ostensibly displaying select wares, but mainly the shoppers themselves. The
notion of selling a brand rather than marketing clothes
was further emphasised in the Prada store on Broadway
in New York,[1] which had previously been owned by
the Guggenheim: the museum signs were not removed
during the outtting of the new store, as if emphasizing
the premises as a cultural institution.[18] The Broadway OMA New York: the oce in Manhattan Koolhaas is

5
leading by Shohei Shigematsu is now designing an extension of Cornell University (NY), 111 First Street, a high
rise residential building and hotel in Jersey City (NJ) and
a high end residential tower with CAA screening room at
One Madison Park in NYC.
OMA Beijing: In Asia, Koolhaas was working with his
team on the oces largest project to date, the 575,000
m2 China Central Television Headquarters (CCTV) and
Television Cultural Center (TVCC), both completed in
Beijing in 2008. (However, the TVCC was damaged by
an enormous re in 2009.) Other projects in completion
include the new Shenzhen Stock Exchange and a lush residential tower and residential masterplan in Singapore.
The inuence of OMA has impacted many architecture
students and architects who have worked at the oce during their careers. Architects such as Bjarke Ingels (BIG),
Jeanne Gang (Studio Gang), Amale Andraos and Dan
Wood (WORKac) are just some of the names of the many
architects that have worked in the oce.

Quotes
Noting that architecture can no longer keep up with
the world: The areas of consensus shift unbelievably fast; the bubbles of certainty are constantly exploding. Any architectural project we do takes at
least four or ve years, so increasingly there is a discrepancy between the acceleration of culture and the
continuing slowness of architecture. interview in
Iconey,.[19]

this is not the end. Thats how it felt to me, anyway. That is in itself evidence of a kind of discomfort with achievement measured in terms of identiable entities, and an announcement that continuity
of thinking in whatever form, around whatever subject, is the real ambition. Interview with Jennifer
Sigler in Index Magazine, 2000[21]

4 Awards
Pritzker Prize (2000)
Chevalier de Lgion d'honneur (2001)
Praemium Imperiale (2003)
Royal Gold Medal (2004)
Doctor honoris causa by the Katholieke Universiteit
Leuven (2007)
Golden Lion of the Venice Biennale of Architecture
for lifetime achievement (2010)

5 Selected projects

Reference to the article 'Generic city', a critic to current mode of urbanization: People can inhabit anything. And they can be miserable in anything and
ecstatic in anything. More and more I think that architecture has nothing to do with it. Of course, thats
both liberating and alarming. But the generic city,
the general urban condition, is happening everywhere, and just the fact that it occurs in such enor- McCormick Tribune Campus Center, Chicago, USA
mous quantities must mean that its habitable. Architecture can't do anything that the culture doesn't.
We all complain that we are confronted by urban
environments that are completely similar. We say
we want to create beauty, identity, quality, singularity. And yet, maybe in truth these cities that we
have are desired. Maybe their very characterlessness
provides the best context for living. interview in
Wired 4.07, July 1996[20]
Asked if there is a certain contribution he aspires
to make: Its very simple and it has nothing to do
with identiable goals. It is to keep thinking about
what architecture can be, in whatever form. That is
an answer, isn't it? I think that S,M,L,XL has one
beautiful ambiguity: it used the past to build a fu- Casa da Msica, Porto, Portugal
ture and is very adamant about giving notice that

7 GALLERY
Euralille masterplan and Lille Grand Palais (Lille,
1988)
Netherlands Dance Theater (The Hague, 1988)
Villa dallAva,[22] (Saint-Cloud, 1991)
Nexus Housing (Fukuoka, 1991)
Kunsthal (Rotterdam, 1993)
Educatorium (Utrecht, 19931997)
Maison Bordeaux (fr)[23] (Bordeaux, 1998)
Second Stage Theatre (New York City, 1999)
Guggenheim Hermitage Museum (Las Vegas, 1980,
2002?)
McCormick Tribune Campus Center, IIT (Chicago,
19972003)
Netherlands Embassy Berlin (2003)

6 Bibliography
Project Japan. Metabolism Talks... (2011) (with
Hans Ulrich Obrist)[31] ISBN 978-3-8365-2508-4
Delirious New York: A Retroactive Manifesto of
Manhattan (1978)[32] ISBN 978-1-885254-00-9
S,M,L,XL (1995)[33] ISBN 978-1-885254-86-3
Serpentine Gallery: 24 Hour Interview Marathon
(2007)[34] ISBN 978-1-904563-69-3
Living Vivre Leben (1998)[35]
Content (2004)[36] ISBN 978-3-8228-3070-3
Serpentine Gallery Pavilion 2006; Verlag der Buchhandlung Walther Knig, Kln, Germany 2008
ISBN 978-3-86560-393-7

Retail design for Prada stores (New York: 2003, Los


Angeles: 2004)
Seattle Central Library (Seattle, 2004)
The Childrens Centre, Leeum, Samsung Museum
of Art (Seoul, 2004)[24]
Casa da Msica (Porto, 20012005)[25]
Serpentine Gallery Pavilion, (London, 2006)
Shenzhen Stock Exchange, (Shenzhen, 2006)
Crdoba International Congress Center (Centro de
Congresos de Crdoba) Palacio del Sur), Crdoba,
Spain
Seoul National University Museum of Art (Seoul,
20032005) [26]
Dee and Charles Wyly Theatre, (Dallas, Texas,
20042009)
Milstein Hall, (Cornell, 20062009)[27]
CCTV HQ (Beijing, 20042009)
Riga Port City, (Riga, 2009)
23 East 22nd Street, (New York City, 2008
2010)[28]
Bryghusprojektet, (Copenhagen, 20082010)[29]
Torre Bicentenario (Bicentennial Tower), (Mexico
City, 2007, unbuilt)[30]
New Court, St. Swithins Lane (London, 2010)
De Rotterdam, (Rotterdam, 20092013)
Taipei Performing Arts Centre, (Taipei, 2012
2015)
Marina Abramovi Community Centre Obod
Cetinje MACCOC, (Cetinje, 2012 ?)

7 Gallery
McCormick Tribune Campus Center
Rem Koolhaas
Chicago, USA
CCTV Headquarters
Rem Koolhaas (OMA)
Beijing, China
Casa da Msica
Rem Koolhaas
Porto, Portugal
Dutch Embassy
Rem Koolhaas
Berlin, Germany
Seattle Central Library
Rem Koolhaas
Seattle, USA
Kunsthal Rotterdam
Rem Koolhaas (OMA)
Rotterdam, Netherlands
Street toilet
Rem Koolhaas (OMA) and Erwin Olaf
Groningen, Netherlands
Bus stop
Rem Koolhaas (1990)
Groningen, Netherlands
De Rotterdam
Rem Koolhaas (OMA)
Rotterdam, Netherlands

See also
Koolhaas Houselife

References

[1] Chevalier, Michel (2012). Luxury Brand Management.


Singapore: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-118-171769.
[2] Lacayo, Richard (30 April 2009). Rem Koolhaas. Time
Retrieved on 12 May 2008. Retrieved 22 May 2010.

[17] Koolhaas, Rem (2003) Content, Taschen, New York,


ISBN 3822830704
[18] Anette Baldauf (2004) Branded, in Learning from
Calvin Klein, Umbau 21.
[19] Rem Koolhaas, Icon 013, June 2004
[20] Heron, Katrina (4 January 2009) From Bauhaus to Koolhaas. Wired.com. Retrieved on 20 March 2014.
[21] Sigler, Jennifer Rem Koolhaas, 2000.
magazine.com. Retrieved on 20 March 2014.

Index-

[22]

[3] Moor, Wam de (13 March 2008). Koolhaas, Anthonie


(19121992)". Biograsch Woordenboek van Nederland
(in Dutch). Instituut voor Nederlandse Geschiedenis. Retrieved 14 May 2008.

[23] Stories Of Houses. Storiesofhouses.blogspot.com (24


February 2004). Retrieved on 20 March 2014.

[4] Anthonie Koolhaas. De Boekenweek (in Dutch). Retrieved 14 May 2008.

[25] Christian Gnshirt: Casa da Msica, Porto, Portugal.


Rem Koolhaas/OMA, Rotterdam, in: LArchitecture
dAujourdhui No. 361, Nov./Dc. 2005, pp. 3847

[5] Anker, Eva van den. Dirk Roosenburg. Archipedia (in


Dutch). Architectenweb. Retrieved 14 May 2008.

[24] Astudillo, Tey-Marie (27 October 2011) Seouls best museums. Cnngo.com.Retrieved on 20 March 2014.

[26] snumoa.org. snumoa.org. Retrieved on 20 March 2014.

[6] Adams, Tim (25 June 2006). Metropolis Now. The


Observer, Guardian Unlimited (London).

[27] milsteinhall.cornell.edu. milsteinhall.cornell.edu.


trieved on 20 March 2014.

[7] Becker, Lynn (10 October 2007). Oedipus Rem.. Repeat: Writings on Architecture.

[28] 23 East 22nd Street by OMA. Dezeen.com (15 September


2008). Retrieved on 20 March 2014.

[8] Koolhaas, Rem (1978) Delirious New York: A retroactive


Manifesto for Manhattan, Academy Editions, London; republished, The Monacelli Press, 1994, ISBN 1885254008

[29] Bryghusprojektet The Brewery Site Project. Bryghusprojektet.dk. Retrieved on 20 March 2014.

[9] Rem Koolhaas Commissioned for Development of 111


First Street in Jersey City, N.J.. BlueVerticalStudio. 18
September 2006. Retrieved 2 November 2009. ...the
commissioning of The Oce for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) of Rem Koolhaas, an internationally
renowned architect, for development of 111 First St., in
Jersey City, N.J.
[10] Interview with Dutch Architect Rem Koolhaas: 'The
World Needs Europe'. Spiegel.de (30 October 2008). Retrieved on 20 March 2014.

Re-

[30] ocial site in Spanish


[31] Project Japan. Metabolism Talks.... Taschen. Retrieved 4 April 2012.
[32] Delirious New York: A Retroactive Manifesto of Manhattan. Oce for Metropolitan Architecture. Retrieved
18 May 2008.
[33] SMLXL. Oce for Metropolitan Architecture. Retrieved 18 May 2008.

[11] Article in Irish newspaper Irish Times 16 October 2008

[34] Serpentine Gallery: 24 Hour Interview Marathon.


Trolley Books. Retrieved 18 May 2008.

[12] Klingmann, A (2007) Brandscapes: Architecture in the Experience Economy. Mit Press, ISBN 0262515032

[35] Living Vivre Leben. Oce for Metropolitan Architecture. Retrieved 18 May 2008.

[13] Koolhaas, Rem; Werlemann, Hans and Mau, Bruce


(1994) S,M,L,XL, The Monacelli Press, New York, (2nd
edition 1998) ISBN 1885254865

[36] Content.
Oce for Metropolitan Architecture.
Archived from the original on 9 April 2008. Retrieved
18 May 2008.

[14] Koolhaas, Rem et al. (2001) Mutations, Arc en rve centre


darchitecture, Bordeaux, ISBN 84-95273-51-9.
[15] Koolhaas, Rem; Chung, Chuihua Judy; Inaba, Jerey
and Leong, Sze Tsung (2002) The Harvard Design School
Guide to Shopping. Harvard Design School Project on the
City 2, Taschen, New York, ISBN 3822860476
[16] Koolhaas, Rem et al. (2002) The Great Leap Forward.
Harvard Design School Project on the City, Taschen, New
York, ISBN 3822860484

10 External links
Oce for Metropolitan Architecture
OMA ocial Facebook page (updated daily)
OMA ocial Vimeo channel
OMA portfolio on Archello.com

10
Rem Koolhaas at Harvard University
Rem Koolhaas at the Internet Movie Database
Rem Koolhaas lecture at the Canadian Centre for
Architecture: June 8th, 2007
On Starchitecture
Koolhaas at Harvards Ecological Urbanism
Rem Koolhaas: A Kind of Architect (2008 Feature
Documentary)

EXTERNAL LINKS

11
11.1

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses


Text

Rem Koolhaas Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rem%20Koolhaas?oldid=636662601 Contributors: William Avery, Mrwojo, Edward, Sannse, Ahoerstemeier, Michael Shields, Cimon Avaro, Kaihsu, Viajero, KRS, Scarequotes, Spinster, Lumos3, PuzzletChung, Paul
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Joaocastro, Sietse Snel, Dralwik, Orbst, Danski14, Velella, Ilse@, Geraldshields11, Ghirlandajo, Anarchitect, Jpers36, Laldm, Tabletop,
Maartenvdbent, Kbdank71, Erebus555, Gryndor, Lockley, Vegaswikian, FlaBot, Osprey39, Brendan Moody, Patken4, Chobot, YurikBot, AugieWest, Icelight, JocK, JHCaueld, Samir, Yonidebest, Cubic Hour, Eptin, DVD R W, Bavarios, SmackBot, Imz, KnowledgeOfSelf, FlashSheridan, Spag85, Zyxw, Nudimmud, Alsandro, Ppntori, Sadads, CSWarren, Kevinpurcell, Stevenmitchell, Leon..., Michael
Rogers, Dogears, JLogan, Blahm, Ser Amantio di Nicolao, Black Orchid, NongBot, Christian Roess, Hu12, Norm mit, SofH, Courcelles,
Adam sk, Euphrosynely, Dia^, Joey80, CmdrObot, Mcginnly, Carlosr chill, Chicheley, Simeon, Cydebot, Hebrides, Anthonyhcole, Shirulashem, After Midnight, Barticus88, Biruitorul, TonyTheTiger, Harry Lake, AntiVandalBot, Remaire, Deective, MER-C, Urbaneddie,
Erikjohnson3, Twsx, Gbrownm, TTKK, Keith D, Kostisl, CommonsDelinker, Johnpacklambert, Hans Dunkelberg, Dcu, Second Stage
Theatre, Millichip, Bdonohue, Brosi, Aucahuasi, Ulysses Zagreb, Dok3, JuneGloom07, Jameswestcott, Vache, MatthewStadler, GeneralBelly, Uverferth1, Kdbailey, Marlaactar, Koolit, SieBot, Brazzouk, Gerakibot, Niloufartajeri, Hondel1970, Iwmills, Wuhwuzdat, Prof
saxx, DutchTreat, Daramcq, Martarius, Ohtrouble, Wikievil666, Fadesga, All Hallows Wraith, Der Golem, Arabarch, Rozth, Jnyyzz, Vegetator, XLinkBot, Cloudtwenty, Addbot, Fentener van Vlissingen, Download, Tide rolls, Lightbot, Totorotroll, Zorrobot, Ettrig, Legobot,
Luckas-bot, Yobot, Chreod, JackieBot, AMuseo, Adam Zbransk, Materialscientist, Roferbia, ArthurBot, Iphilblue, LilHelpa, Batsman21, Xqbot, Booski, Tomwsulcer, Sionk, Bigger digger, FrescoBot, Rubenescio, Ulikaiser, Kwiki, Aleks86, Merdonerok, Kgbo, Fulldate unlinking bot, Blair Huntington, MrPanyGo, Elekhh, TobeBot, Lotje, Opinion914, 777sms, Underlying lk, RjwilmsiBot, Kkb1982lc,
Letdemsay, EmausBot, Look2See1, GoingBatty, Ulysses D S, Loulbil08, Oyoyoy, GuzonjinSin, Rebekahevans, H3llBot, ChuispastonBot,
Dearmelanie, EdoBot, Michaela den, ClueBot NG, Frederic Debroe, Rossi101, Editr, Hazhk, 1511CO, Widr, Asalrifai, Helpful Pixie Bot,
Murry1975, Imgaril, Kutu brice, AvanSintet, Work number1987, Hghyux, Michael Isaiah Schmidt, Epicgenius, BruceJanssen, Goyah,
Monkbot, Q**78, Dncefst20014 and Anonymous: 157

11.2

Images

File:Ambox_important.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work, based o of Image:Ambox scales.svg Original artist: Dsmurat (talk contribs)
File:Be_Dutch_Embassy_01.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Be_Dutch_Embassy_01.JPG License:
CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Achim Raschka (<a href='//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Achim_
Raschka' title='User talk:Achim Raschka'>talk</a>)
File:CasadaMusica.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/CasadaMusica.jpg License: CC-BY-1.0 Contributors: en wiki Taken by Joao Castro on April 14th, 2005 on the night of the rst concert Original artist: Joao Castro
File:Commons-logo.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg License: ? Contributors: ? Original
artist: ?
File:Edit-copy_purple-wikiq.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Edit-copy_purple-wikiq.svg License:
CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: Based on Image:Edit-copy purple.svg (cc-by-sa-2.5) and a logo copyrighted by wikimedia Original artist:
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File:Europa-no-oficial.png Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Europa-no-oficial.png License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: Pruxo
File:McCormick_Tribune_060304.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/McCormick_Tribune_060304.
jpg License: CC-BY-SA-2.5 Contributors: Own work Original artist: User:JeremyA
File:PDRM0102.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/PDRM0102.JPG License: GPL Contributors:
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File:Rem_Koolhaas_1987.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Rem_Koolhaas_1987.jpg License: CCBY-SA-3.0-nl Contributors: [1] Dutch National Archives, The Hague, Fotocollectie Algemeen Nederlands Persbureau (ANeFo), 19451989, Nummer toegang 2.24.01.05 Bestanddeelnummer 933-8710 Original artist: Bogaerts, Rob / Anefo
File:Rem_Koolhaas_SCL.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Rem_Koolhaas_SCL.jpg License: CCBY-SA-2.0 Contributors: http://www.flickr.com/photos/goldberg/46119475/ Original artist: Flickr.com user goldberg
File:SCL.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/SCL.jpg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: http://en.
wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:SCL.jpg Original artist: DVD R W
File:Second_Stage_Theatre_seating.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/10/Second_Stage_Theatre_seating.jpg
License: PD Contributors: ? Original artist: ?

11.3

Content license

Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0

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