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deqvwi 2009

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12-wW, 27/32, cjex, wgicyi, XvKv-1216

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ccvievK : 125 UvKv (US $ 5.00)

nvWevK : 150 UvKv (US $ 6.00)

Hayat-e- Tayabah
(Original in Urdu)

By Sheikh Abdul Qadir (Saudagar Mal)

Published by

Zillur Rahman Academy for Oriental Studies

12-D, 27/32, Pallabi, Mirpur, Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh
Cover Design : Hamidur Rahman
ISBN 978-984-992-005-2

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nqQ| Zvui fwelvYxwji c~YZv gvbeRvwZK gkt Awff~Z KiQ|
me `ki me agi mZv^lxiv Zvui wkvi AvjvK Bmjvg MnY Ki
ab nQ| AwPiB Ggb Aev I mgq Avme, hLb mviv wek BmjvgB
GKgv ag ne Ges RMZ AL gvbeZv vwcZ nq ^MivR cwZwZ
ne|
wK KviI wkv MnYi c~e Zvi Rxebx Rvbv cqvRb| fvlvi eeavbi
Rb evsjv fvlvfvlx fvBqiv GB gnvcyili Rxebx m^ AvZ wQjb|

AvR mB Afve c~iY Kiv nQ| nhiZ Avng` (Av.)-Gi Rxebxi c_g
L cKvk Kiv Mj| wZxq L, Bb&kvAvjvn, wkMwMi cKvk Kiv ne|
GB cyK g~j E`y fvlvq wjwLZ nvqvZ ZvBqevi evsjv Abyev`| GB
cyKi jLK Rbve Ave`yj Kv`i mvne wn`y wQjb| Zvui bvg wQj
mI`vMi gvj| wZwb A eqm Bmjvg MnY Kib Ges Avng`xqv ag
wkvjq DPZg wkv jvf Ki e eQi Avng`xqv RvgvZi wgkbvix
wnmve KvR KiQb| wZwb e cwikg mnKvi GB cyK msKjb Kib|
Gi evsjv Abyev` KiQb gjex gynv` Avjx AvbIqvi mvne| gjex
gynv` gywneyjvn mvne Ges Avwg h_fve G Abyev` `LwQ| Abyev`i
KvR Lye KwVb| myZivs wU _vKv Lye ^vfvweK| cvVK Zv Dcv Ki g~j
welqwU Abyaveb Ki Avjvn& ZvAvjvi cwiZ cyili mZi cwiPq `
ZvuK MnY Ki I Zvui c`wkZ c_ Pj ^qs kvw jvf Kib Ges RMZ
cPvi Ki RMZ kvw Gb Avjvn& ZvAvjvi Avwkm jvfi AwaKvix nvb|
Avgv`i kl K_v, mKj cksmv GKgv Avjvn& ZvAvjvi Rb|
BwZLvKmvi
gjex gvnv`
Avgxi, c~e cvwKvb Avygvb Avng`xqv|

m~wPc
c_g Aavq
RbMnY _K evivnxb Avng`xqv cYqb ch
welq
1| esk cwiPq
2| wghv nv`x eM
3| nhiZ AvK`vm (Av.) Gi wbRnvZ wjwLZ Lv`vbx Aev
4| wghv dqR gynv` mvne
5| wghv j gynv` mvne
6| wghv AvZv gynv` mvne
7| wghv Mvjvg gyZhv mvne
8| mvi jvcj wMwdbi mv
9| wbevmbi msw BwZnvm
10| nhiZ wghv Mvjvg gyZvhv mvnei weevn
11| nhiZ wghv Mvjvg gyZvhv mvnei mvb
12| nhiZ AvK`vmi eskZvwjKv
13| wekl `e
14| nhiZ wghv Mvjvg Avng` (Av.) Gi Rb
15| nhiZ AvK`vmi kke
16| nhiZ AvK`vmi wkv
17| cPwjZ Ljvq AskMnY
18| c_g weq
19| nhiZ AvK`vmi wbRbwcqZv
20| AZwaK covbv
21| gvgjv-gvKgvi Z`&wei
22| webq, DbZ Pwi
23| wghv xb gynv`i weewZ
24| Avu-nhiZ (m.) Gi wRqviZ
25| wcZv-cy ev`vbyev`
26| wkqvjKvU PvKwi
27| PvKwi KvivMvi

cv
.. 01
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28| Avjvn& ZvAvjv KZK wec` _K iv Kivi AjwKK NUbv

29| wkqvjKvUi wKQz wKQz NUbv
30| fviZevmxK wLvb Kivi `p msK I
GZ wkqvjKvUi wLvb wgkbi f~wgKv
31| cv`x evUjvi mvne, Gg.Gi Ici Zvui ewZi cfve
32| wLxq gZev`i g:eagvb cvebi cwZiva
33| wkqvjKvU Aevb mK gjvbv
mq` gxi nvmvb mvnei c_g weewZ
34| mq` gxi nvmvb mvnei wZxq weewZ
35| gybwk wmivRyxb mvnei mv
36| PvKwi Qo Kvw`qvb cZvMgbi Rb wcZvi wb`k
37| nhiZ AvK`vmi kqv gvZvi BKvj, 1868 mvj
38| cvijwKK welq nhiZ wghv Mvjvg gyZhv mvnei AbyivM
39| Kcyi_jv ivRi wkv wefvMi DPZi c` cZvLvb
40| cvw_e Svgjv _K m~Yfve gy _vKvi Rb wcZvi
KvQ Ave`b
41| AvaywbK MelYv g~j mec_g Bjnvg Ges Dj fwelr
42| ^c I Kvkdi AvwaK Ges Kvw`qvbi
wn`y`i Rb wb`kbvejx
43| Kvk&d c~eeZx Kvb Kvb eyRyMi mv_ mvvr
44| AvU bq gvmevcx ivhv Ges ^Mxq RvwZi AeZiY
45| nhiZ Ave`yjvn MRbex I KwZcq eyRyMi mv_ mvvr
46| nhiZ AvK`vmi kq wcZvi BKvj, Ryb 1886
47| wcZvi BKvji ci Hkx Zveavb
48| gmwR` AvKmvi cvk wcZvi `vdb
49| cvwievwiK mvb I cwZcw Kvqg _vKv mK
wKQz Bjnvg
50| ejvKvi Hkx evKvjvc i
51| R fvBqi Avgj
52| eo PvPx Gjb
53| c~ecyili mwZ wghv Avhg eMi Iqvwikx
`vwei gvKgv
54| WvK wefvMi gvKgv

.. 26
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55| gvivZK ivM _K AjwKK AvivM jvf

56| RR beve mi`vi gynv` nvqvZ Luvi c`P~wZi ci
cybenvji mymsev`
57| AZzjbxq AvavwZK cwieZbi GK ivZ

.. 57
.. 58
.. 58

wZxq Aavq
evivnxb Avng`xqv cYqb _K c_g eqAvZ MnY ch
58| evivnxb Avng`xqv cYqbi cUf~wg
59| ev Av`vjbi AKZKvhZv
60| evivnxb Avng`xqv cYqb I cKvk
61| evivnxb Avng`xqv m^ gjex Avey mvqx` gynv`
mvBb evUvjexi AwfgZ
62| mywd Avng` Rvb mvnei AwfgZ
63| gjex gynv` kixd evvjvixi AwfgZ
64| evivnxb Avng`xqvi wewfb L cKvki mgqKvj
65| evivnxb Avng`xqvi cKvki Rb nhiZ AvK`vmi Pv
66| beve wmwK nvmvb Lvui Avh eenvi
67| evivnxb Avng`xqvi cKvk gyjZex
68| gyRv`xqZ I gvgywiqZ mwKZ c_g Bjnvg
69| wghv Mvjvg Kv`i mvnei gZz
70| wghv myjZvb Avng`i Znkxj`vix
(GKv GwmvU Kwgkbvi) cixvq KZKvhZv
71| hyi AvK`vmi wZxq weevn
72| jvj Kvwji wQuUvi AjwKK wb`kb
73| wewfb agi bZeMK wb`kb `Lvi Avnvb Ges
gyRvw`qZ I gvgywiqZ NvlYv
74| PvPvZv fvB`i cwiRb m^ fwelvYx,
5B AvM, 1885 mvj
75| DvcvZi wb`kb
76| b D`qi wb`kb
77| mvi mq` Avng` Lvu msv fxwZc` msev`

.. 59
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78| gnvivRv w`jxc wms msv msev`

79| wkqvicyi mdi Ges g~mjn gvID` msv fwelvYx
80| ingZi wb`kb, A_vr gymjn gvID`
81| nhiZ AvK`vmi cwievi I Ai ezMY mK fwelvYx
82| nhiZ AvK`vmi mvb mwZ
83| wghv Avng` eM m^ fwelvYx

.. 84
.. 84
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.. 92

ZZxq Aavq
eqAvZi NvlYv _K gmwR` gyeviKi mmviY ch
84| eqAvZi NvlYv
85| eqAvZi `kwU kZvejx
86| eqAvZi kZvejx NvlYvq wej^i KviY
87| wmjwmjvi wfw vcb I gymjn gvID`i RbMnY
GKxf~Z nIqvq Hkx msKZ
88| jywaqvbv I wkqvicyi mdi
89| c_g eqAvZ MnY, 23k gvP, 1889 mvj
90| `vij eqAvZ
91| eqAvZi w`b
92| eqAvZ MnYKvix`i wgK b^i
93| eqAvZi kvejx
94| AvjxMo mdi
95| jywaqvbv cZvMgb
96| nhiZ mvneRv`v cxi wmivRyj nK mvne bygvbxi
eqAvZ 23k wWm^i, 1889 mvj
97| nhiZ beve gynv` Avjx Lvu mvnei eqAvZ,
19k bf^i, 1890 mvj
98| gwmn gvID` `vwe, 1889 mvji klvsk
99| dZn Bmjvg I Zwhn-givg cKvk
100| k wkwei gjex gynv` mvqb mvne evUvjex
101| gjex gynv` mvqb mvnei gybvhvivi AvKvv
102| cvjvci KwZcq K_vevZv

.. 93
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.. 99
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.. 100
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103| gjex gynv` mvqbi mv_ c Av`vb c`vb e

104| gjex gynv` mvqbi Qbvg QveiY
105| GKwU Riwi wew
106| gjex gynv` nvmvbi mv_I c Av`vb c`vb e
107| jywaqvbvi gyevnvmvi KviY
108| jywaqvbvi gyevnvmv
109| nhiZ cxi wmivRyj nK mvnei weewZ
110| gjex gynv` mvqb mvnei vav DRbv
I jywaqvbvi WcywU Kwgkbvii wb`k
111| gjex wbhvgywb mvnei eqAvZ
112| mvuB jve kvn gRhyei mv
113| Bhvjvq AvInvg cYqb I cKvk
114| ZvIqvwd ki A_ m^ Pvj I GK nvRvi
UvKv cyivi NvlYv
115| Bhvjvq AvInvg Abvb MelYv
116| nhiZ gxi bvmi bvIqvei NvlYv
117| nhiZ gjex Mvjvg bex mvne Lvkvex (ivwh.)-i
eqAvZ MnY
118| w`jxi mdi, 1891 mvji 28k m^i
119| KziAvb I nvw`m _K Cmv gwmn RxweZ _vKv
cgvYi Rb cyivi NvlYv
120| 1891 mvji 20k Aveii gyevnvmv mfvi
msw KvhweeiYx
121| w`jxi Djvgv`i Kzdix dZIqvi A aviY Ges
DRbv mw
122| gjex gynv` ekxi mvne f~cvjexi mv_ gyevnvmv,
1891 mvji 23 k Avei
123| gjex gynv` ekxi mvneK nhiZ AvK`vmi m^vab
124| divi c_ cvwUqvjv Mgb
125| Avmgvbx dqmvjv MnYi Rb Avnevb
126| Kzdii dZIqv
127| Kzdii dZIqv m^ nhiZ AvK`vmi AwfgZ
128| c_g mvjvbv Rjmv, 1891 mvji wWm^i

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129| 1890-91 mb cYxZ wKZve

.. 147
130| GKRb BsiRi Bmjvg MnY, 1892 mvji 13B Rvbyqvwi .. 148
131| jvnvi mdi, 1892 mvji 20k Rvbyqvwi
.. 148
132| nhiZ nvRx-Dj-nvivgvBb gjvbv nvdh nvKxg
b~ixb mvne fiexi eZv
.. 149
133| nhiZ AvK`vmi Pig (gnvb) AvZmshg
.. 150
134| jvnvii Kvb Kvb ezi eqAvZ MnY
.. 151
135| gvn&`yweqZi `vweKvixi AvgY
.. 151
136| nhiZ gjex mq` gynv` Avnmvb mvne
Avgvivnxi jvnvi AvMgb, 1892 mvji deqvwi
.. 152
137| gjex Ave`yj nvKxg Kvjvbyix mvnei mv_ gyevnvmv .. 152
138| gjex gynv` mvqb mvne evUvjexi cwZ RbMYi kvi
AebwZ i
.. 153
139| wkqvjKvU mdi
.. 154
140| gjex gynv` mvqb evUvjexi wkqvjKvU Mgb
.. 155
141| Kcyi_jv mdi
.. 156
142| Kcyi_jv RvgvZi weklZ
.. 156
143| Rji mdi
.. 158
144| jywaqvbv mdi
.. 158
145| mdijvi dj
.. 159
146| mZv^lx`i Rb invbx ZejxM
.. 159
147| nhiZ gjex Ave`yj Kixg mvnei wnRiZ
.. 161
148| 1892 mvji iwPZ Mvejx
.. 162
149| 1892 mvji mvjvbv Rjmv
.. 162
150| 1892 mvji mvjvbv Rjmvq nhiZ gxi bvmi
bvIqve mvnei hvM`vb
.. 163
151| Avqbvq KvgvjvZ Bmjvg cKvk,
1893 mvji deqvwi
.. 163
152| GB cyK cYqb `yB evi ivmyjyjvn mvjvjv AvjvBn
Iqv mvjvgi wRqviZ
.. 164
153| AvZ-ZvejxM
.. 164
154| gnvivYx wfvwiqvK Bmjvgi cwZ Avnvb
.. 164
155| cv`x`i DM
.. 165

156| nhiZ mvnehv`v wghv ekxi Avng` mvnei Rb,

1893 mvji 20k Gwcj
.. 166
157| gjex gynv` mvqb mvne evUvjexK Aviv
GKwU vbg~jK AvavwZK gvKvwejvi Rb Avnvb
.. 166
158| Agymjgvb`i gyevnvmvi Avnvb
.. 168
159| evivKvZz`-`vqv cYqb, 1893 mvji 20k Gwcj
.. 170
160| gjex gynv` mvqb evUvjex m^ GKwU fwelvYx .. 171
161| R gyKvvm gyevnvmvi Kvh weeiYx
.. 172
162| WcyUx Ave`yjvn& Av_g gyevnvmvi kZ f Kijb
.. 179
163| GKwU Avh NUbv
.. 179
164| cv`x Ave`yjvn& Av_g m^ fwelvYx
.. 180
165| gyevnvmvi mgq eqAvZ
.. 181
166| gyevnvjv _K gjex gynv` mvqb mvne evUvjexi cjvqb
Ges gjex Ave`yj nK MRbexi DcwwZ
.. 181
167| nvdR gynv` BqvKze mvnei eqAvZ
.. 183
168| GB gyevnvjvi cwZwqv
.. 183
169| AgZmix gjex Rvb gynv`i gmwR`i wbg K
AvZMvcb
.. 185
170| nZf^ weovji Lv^v LvgPvbv
.. 186
171| Av_g mvnei Aev
.. 187
172| GK ivZ Pwjk nvRvi Aviex avZz wkv
.. 190
173| nhiZ nvRx-Dj-nvivgvBb gvIjvbv nvKxg b~ixb
mvne ivwh Avjv Avbi wnRiZ
.. 191
174| 1893 mvj iwPZ Mmgyn
.. 193
175| 1893 mvji mvjvbv Rjmv wMZ
.. 195
176| nhiZ kV Ave`yi ingvb nvRx Avjvn ivLv mvne gv`vRxi m
gjex nvmvb Avjx mvnei Kvw`qvb AvMgb
.. 196
177| Avmgvbx wb`kb- P` I m~h MnY, 1894 mvji Gwcj .. 201
178| LvRv Kvgvjyxb mvnei eqAvZ, 1894 mb
.. 201
179| gjex imyj evev AgZmixi Dk kl hyw
.. 202
180| gjex imyj evevi cM gZz, 1902 mvji 8B wWm^i .. 203
181| 1894 mvji M
.. 204
182| 1894 mvji mvjvbv Rjmv
.. 205

183| mvneRv`v wghv kixd Avng` mvnei Rb,

24k g, 1895 mvj
.. 205
184| nhiZ Cmv gmxni Kei (Av.) MelYv_ kxbMi
cwZwbwa `j ciYi cve
.. 207
185| Avh I wLvb`i cwZ agxq weZKi cwZ I bxwZ wbaviK
bvwUk Ges miKvii KvQ viK-wjwc 22k m^i, 1895 mb .. 214
186| Wiv evev bvbK hvv 30 k m^i, 1895 mb
.. 215
187| 1895 mvj iwPZ Mmgyn
.. 218
188| RygAvi w`b QzwUi Av`vjb, 1jv Rvbyqvwi, 1896
.. 219
189| wLvb`iK mevrK Dcvq wggvsmvi Rb Avnvb
.. 219
190| wek agmfvi KvhweeiYx, wWm^i, 1896 mvj
.. 221
191| 1896 mvji Mmgyn
.. 228
192| GK nvRvi UvKv cyivi, 28k Rvbyqvwi, 1897 mvj
.. 228
193| yk-f I AwfmvZ, 6B gvP, 1897 mvj
.. 229
194| ^qs HkxevYx cvIqv Ges gyjnvg nIqv mK
DjvgvMYi bvg ebvg gyevnvjvi Avnvb
.. 230
195| nhiZ LvRv Mvjvg dix` mvne, PvuPov kixdGi mg_b .. 235
196| mq` ikx` Dxb mvne cxi mvneyj Avjgi Zmw`K .. 236
197| gjex Mvjg `Mxi Kvmixi e`-`vqvi cwiYwZ,
1897 mvj
.. 237
198| weiev`x Djvgv`iK wb`kb c`kbi Rb
cwZhvwMZvi Avnvb
.. 238
199| cwZ jLivgi gZz m^ fwelvYx
.. 240
200| nZvi cieZx NUbv
.. 241
201| nhiZ AvK`vmi Mn -Zjvwm
.. 245
202| nZvi loh nhiZ AvK`vmi wj _vKvi m`n
cvlYKvixK m`yc`k
.. 246
203| Mv-wezi `y:mvnm I c-c`kb
.. 246
204| gjex gynv` mvqb evUvjexK kc_ Kivi Avnvb
.. 249
205| GB nZvi A_bwZK DcKvwiZv
.. 250
206| nhiZ AvK`vmi xbx MqiZ
.. 250
207| nhiZ mvneRv`x gyevivKv eMg mvnevi Rb,
2iv gvP, 1897 mvj
.. 251

208| Kvw`qvb ZzKx Kbmvj mvqb Kvgxi AvMgb,

10B ev 11B g, 1897 mvj
.. 252
209| ZzKx Kbmvji c`vduvK
.. 253
210| PuayCu-mv`x-cwKvi eyRyMi ZIev
.. 253
211| AvdMvwbvbi AvgxiK ZejxM
.. 254
212| gvngy` Kx Avgxb
.. 254
213| gnvivYx wfvwiqvi lwZg Rywejx, 19k Ryb, 1897 mvj .. 255
214| gvkvqL I myjvnvK Avjvn-Rvjv-kvbyi Kmgmn Avnvb,
15B RyjvB, 1897 mvj
.. 256
215| gmwR` gyeviKi AvqZb ew
.. 257
216| cwZ jLivg nZvi GKRb cZ`wki mv
.. 258

dUvm~Px
1| nhiZ wghv Mvjvg Avng`
(Av.) cwZkZ gwmn I Bgvg gvn`x

cv
..

2| nhiZ wghv ekxixb gvngy` Avng`

LwjdvZzj gwmn& mvbx Avj&-gymjj& gvID` (iv.)
.. 96
3| nhiZ AvjnvR nvKxg gvIjvbv b~ixb
LwjdvZzj gwmn AvDqvj (iv.)
.. 194
4| nhiZ mvneRv`v wghv ekxi Avng` (iv.)
.. 167
5| nhiZ mvneRv`v wghv kixd Avng` (iv.)
.. 204
6| nhiZ Cmv (Av.) Gi `ywU Qwe
.. 208
8| Kvgivb DcZKvi `k Mnii ga c_g cixwZ
Mnii `k
.. 211,212
9| nhiZ evev bvbK (ingZzjvn AvjvBn) Gi Pvjv mvne
bvgK wcivnvb
.. 216
10| cwZ jLivgi gZzkhv
.. 241

cKvkKi wbe`b|
1963 mvj nvqvZ ZvBqev c_g L mvayfvlvq Ab~w`Z nq| `xNw`b ci
wLjvdZ Rywewj Dcj Avng`xqv gymwjg RvgvZ, evsjv`ki wmv
Abymvi mvayfvlvq Abyw`Z nvqvZ ZvBqevi c_g msiYwU PwjZ fvlvq
icvi, cwigvRb I mijxKiY Ki wRjyi ingvb GKvWgxK
cyb:cKvki `vwqZ `qv nq|
Abyev` GKwU `yin KvR| Z`ycwi mvayfvlvq Ab~w`Z GKwU Abyev` KgK
cybivq PwjZ fvlvq icvi AviI `yin| Avgiv h_vmva Pv KiwQ c_g
cKvki fyjwU h_vme mskvab Ki PwjZ ixwZ Abyhvqx c_g
msiYi fvlv mij I cwigvwRZ KiZ| ZeyI wKQz fyjwU _vKv
^vfvweK| wZxq Li Abyev`i KvR PjQ| ciewZZ wZxq Li
mv_ c_g L GKwZ Ki cKvkKvj eZgvb msiYi me fyjwU
mskvab Ki cyb:cKvk Kiev| BbkvAvjvn|
hv nvK, eZgvb msiY cvVKMY h mKj fyjvw j Kieb,
Avgv`iK Rvbvj evwaZ ne| Aekl, Avjvn ZvAvjvi KvQ KvZi
cv_bv- wZwb Avgv`i fyj-vw gv Ges MLvwbK mevZfve MnxZ I
KjvYgq Kib| GB cyK cKvki mv_ mswk mKjK Avjvn ZvAvjv
Dg cyivi f~wlZ Kib| Avgxb!
webxZ
GWfvKU gyRxeyi ingvb
wRjyi ingvb GKvWgx di IwiqUvj vwWR XvKv|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

1 g L

nvqvZ ZvBqev
c_g Aavq
RbMnY _K evivnxb Avng`xqv cYqb ch
esk cwiPq :
nhiZ wghv Mvjvg Avng` (Av.) Bgvg gvn`x I gwmn& gvID` AvjvBnm&
mvjvZz Iqvm& mvjvg cvim `kevmx weLvZ eijvm Kzj RbMnY Kib|
GB eski Avw` cyil KvivPvi wnRix l kZvxZ Bmjvg MnY Kib|
KvivPvi whwb PzM&ZvB Gi DwRi I GKRb LvZbvgv mbvcwZ wQjb| wZwb
mgiK`i `wY cvq wk gvBj `~i wKk Aj Zvi Mvi jvK`i
wbq emwZ vcb Kib| Zvui c eiKvki `yB cy wQjb| GKRbi
bvg wQj ZzivM Ges AciRbi bvg wQj nvRx eijvm| cwm Bivb mgvU
Zgyijs1 mvne-KivY ZzivMi cy wQjb| wKk ivR nvRx eijvmi
Aaxb wQj| wK nvRx mvnei vZzy Zgyi kwkvjx nq DVj nvRx
eijvm GB GjvKv cwiZvM KiZ eva njb| ZrKvjxb BwZnvm _K
h fMvwjK Aev Rvbv hvq, Zv _K wbYxZ nq h, fjMv nZ
cvimvcmvMi Ges AvdMvwbvb I ejywPvb nq eyLviv ch weZ
f~-fvM cvim bvg AwfwnZ nZ| eis Kviv Kviv gZ AwaKvsk
AvdMvwbvb, eZgvb ejywPvb Ges KvkMo evwc weZ Mvi Drcw
vbi DivjI Gi Afy wQj| wKkI DwjwLZ mxgvbvejxi AeZx
f~-fvMi gaB AewZ| wK Avevmxq LwjdvMYi mgq GB GjvKv
gv-Iiv-Db-bnii Askxf~Z ej MY nZ|2
(1) fviZ gyNj mvgvRi cwZvZv hnxi Dwb evei kvn& Zgyijs Gi esk RbMnY Kib|
(2) Avb-bvRgym- mvKe; 2q L, 182 c:|

02

nvqvZ ZvBqev

wghv nv`x eM :
wKk ivR _K hLb Zgyi Zvui wcZe nvRx eijvmK ewnKZ Kijb,
ZLb wZwb Lyivmvb Avkq MnY Kib Ges mLvbB cvYZvM Kib|
AZ:ci, Zgyi Lyivmvb GjvKv Rq Ki Zvi PvPvi mvb`iK RvqMxi
c`vb Kib| GRb Zviv mLvbB emevm KiZ _vKb|
wK wKQzKvj ci GB eski GKRb eyRyM wghv nv`x eM mvne Zvui
cwievi cwiRbK wbq cybivq c~ecyil`i evmvb mgiK` Aj Mgb
Kib| mLvb wKQzKvj Aevbi ci Kvb ARvbv KviY c~e cyil`i
wcq `k ZvM Ki fviZvwfgyL AvMgb Kib| nhiZ AvK`vm (Av.)
Zvui GB wnRiZ cm ejb :
PzM&ZvB myjZvbvZi cwZvZv evei ev`kvni mgq GB
wbqvhg`-Gjvnxi (A_vr Avjvni Kcvi wfLvix) eyhyM (c~e cyil) Lvm
mgiK`1 _K Kvb ARvbv KviY e jvKRbmn wnRiZ Ki w`jx
AvMgb Kib| cKZc, cv KvMRc _K GK_v cwivifve evSv
hvq bv h, Zviv eveii m fviZel AMgb Kib, bvwK Zvi AeewnZ
ciB G`k AvMgb Kib| wK AwaKvsk KvMRc chvjvPbv viv
GK_v ic cgvwYZ nq h, eveii mB Gm _vKzb ev wKQzKvj
ciB Gm _vKzb, G kvnx Lv`vbi mv_ Zv`i Ggb Kvb wekl m^
wQj hvi dj Zviv GB miKvii `wZ mvwbZ cavb`i ga MY nb|
mgmvgwqK ev`kvni KvQ _K Zvuiv e Mvg RvqMxi ic cv nb Ges
Zvu`iK GKwU eo Rwg`vixi ZvjyK`vi Kiv nq|2

nhiZ AvK`vm (Av.) Gi wbR nvZ wjwLZ Lv`vbx Aev :

nhiZ AvK`vm (Av.) Zvui iwPZ Kvb Kvb cyK Zvu`i cwievi m^
wbR nvZ h eYbv wjwce KiQb GLvb DZ Kiv mgxPxb gb Kwi|
hyi (Av.) ejb :
Avgv`i esk njv gyNj eijvm| Avgvi c~e cyil`i cvPxb KvMRc
_K hv GLb ch msiwZ AvQ, Rvbv hvq h, Zviv G`k mgiK`
_K AvMgb Kib| Zv`i m AbyPi, fZ, cwievii jvK I AvZxq
(1) ZzwKvb|
(2) Bhvjvq AvDnvg c_g msiY, nvwkqv 112-22 c:|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

03

^Rbmn cvq `yk ew wQjb| Avgv`i Avw` cyil GKRb mv iBm

ic G`k cek Kib Ges jvnvi _K AvbygvwbK cvk vk
Di-c~e w`K mKvj GKwU Rsjv cwZZ f~wgZ emwZ vcb Kib|
GUvB GB Mvg| Zviv GUv Avev` Kib Ges Bmjvgcyi bvg AwfwnZ
Kib| ci Zv Bmjvgcyi KvwhgvwS ej LvwZ jvf Ki| Kvjg
jvK Bmjvgcyi k fyj hvq Ges KvwhgvwS j ay Kvwh Aewk
_vK| ci GwU Kvw` k icvwiZ nq Ges weKwZ jvf Ki Kvw`qvb
cwiYZ nq|1 KvwhgvwS bvg cPwjZ nIqvi KviY ic ejv nq h, cvq
lvU vk evcx weZ GB m~Y GjvKvwU ZLbKvi w`b gvSv bvg
cwiwPZ wQj| meZ: GUv GB KviY gvS bvg AwfwnZ nZ h,
GZ`vj e gwnl wQj Ges G`kxq fvlvq gwnlK gvS ejv nq|
Avgv`i c~ec~ilMY Mvgmg~ni RvqMxi`vix Qvov AvwjK kvmb KZZI
jvf Kib| mRb Zvuiv Kvhx ej weLvZ wQjb| wK KviY, Kb,
Avgv`i c~ec~ilMY mgiK` _K G`k AvMgb Kib, m m^
Avgvi wKQz Rvbv bB| wK KvMR-c _K mvb cvIqv hvq h, IB
`kI Zviv mv Dgviv Ges wiqvmZi gvwjK wQjb| cvwievwiK Kvb
weiva I AbKi KviY Zv`iK `k ZvM KiZ nq| Zvici, G`k
Gm mgmvgwqK ev`kvni KvQ _K e Mvg RvqMxi cv nb| dj,
GZ`j Zviv GK wPivqx wiqvmZ jvf Kib|2

wghv dqh gynv` mvne :

wghv nv`x eMi IdvZi ci Zvui cwievii cfve, cwZcw ew cZ
_vK| beg cyil wghv dqh gynv` mvnei KZZKvj gyNj
myjZvbvZi mv_ GB cwievii Aviv Mfxi mK vwcZ nq| 1716
wLv kvnvbkvn diiLwmqvi wghv dqh gyn` mvneK nvdZ-nvhvix
c` AwawZ Ki Avh`y`&-`vDjv Dcvwa c`vb Kib| Avh`y`&-`vDjvi
A_ wZwb ^vaxbfve mvZ nvRvi Rvqvb m^wjZ dR ivLZ cviZb|
GB mvb ZrKvj Kejgv ivi k wek ewivB cv nZb|
(1) Kvw`qvb evUvjv _K 12 gvBj, AgZmi _K 36 gvBj Ges jvnvi _K 70
gvBj `~i AewZ| (MKvi)
(2) wKZveyj-evwiqv, nvwkqv, 134 c:|

04

nvqvZ ZvBqev

wghv j&& gynv` mvne :

nhiZ AvK`vm AvjvBnm& mvjvZz Iqvm& mvjvg wghv j&& gynv` mvne
cm wKZveyj-evwiqv-Z wjLQb :
wkL kvmbvgji c_g w`K Avgvi cwcZvgn wghv j&& gynv` mvne G
Aj GKRb ^bvgab, weLvZ iBm wQjb| ZLb Zvi KvQ 85wU Mvg
wQj| e Mvg wkL`i Dchycwi AvgYi dj Zvi nPzZ nq| ZeyI
Zvi Ggb wP ckZv I `vbkxjZv wQj h, GB cKvi ^ Aewk mw
_KI wKQz Mvg wZwb Kvb Kvb AvZKjniZ gymjgvb iBmK `vb
Kib| IBjv GLbv Zvu`i KZZvaxb AvQ| eZ:, wZwb `kgq
AivRKZvi mgq Zvi GjvKvi GKRb ^vaxb iBm wQjb| me`v Kgewk
cvq cvuPk ew Zvi `iLvb Avnvi KiZb| GKkiI ewk Djvgv,
mvaycyil I KziAvb kixdi nvdR Zvi KvQ evm KiZb| Zv`i Rb
h_ ew wbavwiZ wQj| Zvi `ievi AwaKvsk mgq Avjvn& I Zvui
imyji (mv.) nv`xm wbq AvjvPbv nZ| Zvi KgPvix I mswk ew`i
ga KDB ebvgvhx wQjb bv| Ggb wK, huvZv cwiPvwjKv xjvKivI
`wbK cvuP Iqvi Ges Zvnvy`i bvgvh Av`vq KiZ| cwZekx mv
gymjgvbiv hv`i AwaKvskB AvdMvb wQjb, ZrKvj Bmjvgcyi bvg
AwfwnZ Kvw`qvbK gv ejZb| KviY, mB ecweK hyM cZK
gymjgvbi Rb GB KjvYcyix, Avkqi vb wQj Ges Abvb AwaKvsk
vbB Kzdi, AbvPvi I Ryjyg cwijwZ nZ| Kvw`qvb Bmjvg, agvbyivM,
cweZv Ges bvq wePvii myMw cvIqv hZ| Avwg wbR ZLbKvi
mgmvgwqK ew`i `LwQ| Zviv Kvw`qvbi Ggb my`i Aevi K_v
eYbv KiZb, hb mKvj mBmgq GUv GKUv gbvig D`vb ^ic wQj|
mLvb agi mvnvhKvix mvay, vbx Ges AwZkq f` I mr-mvnmx kZ
kZ ew ZiivwRic weivRgvb wQjb| G Aj Gic e NUbv cwm
AvQ, hvi viv cgvwYZ nq h wghv j&& gynv` mvne gig ZrKvjxb
gvkvqL (kxlvbxq AvDwjqv) Ges KivgZ mb ew`i ga
GKRb wQjb| Zvi m jvfv_ e mvjn Ges we ew Kvw`qvb
mgeZ nqwQjb| Aviv Avhi welq, Zvi Ggb Kvb Kvb KivgZ
cwm AvQ h, Zv`i mZZv m^ msLvMwi weiev`x GK mc`vqI
mv `vb Ki AvmQ| eZ ivR Ges AwabvqKZ QvovI mZZv,
agkxjZv, cil, `pwPZv, agi mvnvh Ges gymjgvbMYi

nvqvZ ZvBqev

05

mnvbyf~wZg~jK Yvejxi Rb Zvui AZ myLvwZ wQj| Zvui gRwjm

AskMnYKvix mevB agfxi, m`vPvix, Bmjvgx ghv`veva mb, cvcvPvi
_K weiZ, mrmvnmx I cfvekvjx ewZ wQjb| Avwg eevi Avgvi
wcZvi KvQ bwQ ZrKvj gyNj ivi GKRb DwRi Kvw`qvb AvMgb
Kib| wZwb wMqvmy`&-`Ijv bvg AwfwnZ wQjb| wZwb wghv j&& gynv`
mvnei Mvxh, gav, mvnwmKZv, gnvm, ahkxjZv, weeK eyw,
Bmjvgi ccvlKZv, agi mvnvhv_ Drmvn, agfxiZv, cweZv Ges
Zvui `ievii Mvxh `kb Kib| Zvi Avo^inxb `ieviK eywgvb,
m`vPvix I exi cyilMY cwic~Y `LZ cvb| ZLb wZwb mRj bqb
ejwQjb, hw` Avwg AvM RvbZ cviZvg h GB Rji ga gyNj
eski Gic GK ew AvQb, hvi ga ivRvwPZ AZvekKxq Yvejx
we`gvb AvQ, Zvnj Avwg Bmjvgx ivK AyY ivLvi Pv KiZvg|
PzMZvB ev`kvn`i AjmZv, AhvMZv Ges YnxbZvi w`b ZvK w`jxi
ZLZ emvZvg|
GLvb DjL Kiv wbi_K ne bv h, DwjwLZ Ymb Avgvi cwcZvgn,
A_vr wghv j&& gynv` Abvb DcmMmn wnvivM cvYZvM Kib|
ivMi ZxeZvi mgq wPwKrmKiv GKgZ nq ejb h, GB ivM wKQz w`b
g` eenvi Kij DcKvii mvebv AvQ| wK Zvui mvgb GUv wbe`b
Kivi gZ mvnm KviI nqwb| Aekl, Zv`i ga KD GKRb bg
fvlvq GUv wbe`b Kijb| ZLb wZwb ejjb, hw` Lv`v ZvAvjv
AvgvK AvivM `vb KiZ Pvb, Ze Zvui mwZ Aviv e Ilya AvQ|
Avwg GB Acwe e eenvi KiZ PvB bv| Avwg Avjvni KvRv I
K`i, Zvui wb`k I wbqwZZ m~Y ivwR AvwQ| Aekl, KqKw`b ci
wZwb GB ivM Bnavg cwiZvM Kib|1 Zuvi gZz AeavwiZ wQj| wK
Zvi agfxiZvi GB Awfew wPiiYxq nq iqQ| wZwb g`cvbi
cwieZ gZzK eiY Kijb| gZz _K AenwZ jvfi Rb gvbyl KZ
wKQz Ki _vK| wK wZwb cvc wj nIqv Acv gZzK kq gb
Kijb| Avc, IB mKj beve, Avgxi Dgviv Ges f~cwZMYi Aevi
Rb! GB wKQzw`bi Rxeb Zviv Avcb Lv`v Ges Zvi Av`kvejx m^
m~Y ecivqv nb Ges Lv`v ZvAvjvi mv_ hveZxq mK wQb Ki
cvcvPvi wbgM _vKb, cvwbi bvq g` cvb Kib Ges GB cKvi
(1) wghv j&& gynv` mvne h_vme wLxq 1800 mvj cijvK Mgb Kib|
(wmivZzj-gvn`x, 1g L, 129 c: `e)

06

nvqvZ ZvBqev

wbR`i RxebK wbZv AwP I Acwe Ki Ges ^vfvweK RxebKvj

_K ewZ I bvbv cKvi fqi evwaM nq kxNB cvYZvM Kib Ges
fwelr cRbi Rb AZ NwYZ AbyKibxq Av`k iL hvb|

wghv AvZv gynv` mvne :

GLb, mvi K_v, Avgvi cwcZvgn cijvK Mgbi ci Zvi vb Avgvi
`v`v mvne A_vr Zvui myhvM cy wghv AvZv gynv` mvne Zvi jvwfwl
nb| Zvi mgq Lv`v ZvAvjvi inmgq weZv I wekl Dk wkLMY
hy Rq jvf Ki| `v`v mvne gig Zvi wiqvmZ iv_ e Pv Kib|
wK wbqwZ Zvui Awfcvqi AbyKj bv _vKvq AKZKvh nb| cwikl `v`v
mvne gigi KvQ Kejgv Kvw`qvb iq Mj| Kvw`qvb ZLb GKwU
`~MvKvii emwZ wQj|1 Gi PviwU M^yR wQj| M^yRjvZ wKQz wmcvnx I
Zvc _vKZ| PZzw`K cvq evBk dzU DuPz cvPxii ebx wQj| cvPxijv
Gic ck wQj h, wZbwU Nvov Abvqvm Gjvi Ici w`q `o hZ
cviZ| NUbvg ivgMwoqv bvgi GK `j wkL c_g Pvc~eK AbygwZ
wbq Kvw`qvb cek Ki| AZ:ci GUv AwaKvi Ki em| ZLb Avgv`i
c~ecyilMYi LyeB `yMwZ njv| BmvBjx RvwZi gZ Zvuiv aiv cojv Ges
e`x njv| Zv`i abiZ me jyU njv| e gmwR` I fvj fvj evwoNi
aywjvr Kiv njv| AZv I welek evMvbjvK KU djv njv|
Kvb Kvb gmwR`K agkvjv A_vr wkL gw`i cwiYZ Kiv njv| Zvi
ga GKwU gmwR` Hfve GLbv wkL`i AwaKvi AvQ| ZLb Avgv`i
c~ecyil`i GKwU cvVvMviI fxf~Z Kiv nq| GZ nvZ jLv cvuPk Kwc
KziAvb kixdI AZ eqv`wei mv_ cvovbv nq| Aekl, wkLiv wKQzUv
wPv Ki Avgv`i c~ecyil`iK Ab Pj hvIqvi wb`k w`j Ges x
cyil mevBK Nvovi MvwoZ Pwoq mLvb _K ei Ki w`j| Zviv
cvvei GKwU z` ivR Avkq MnY Kijb|3 wKQzw`b ci, IB me ki
Pvi dj Avgvi `v`v mvneK wel cqvM Kiv njv|
(1) Kvw`qvbi `yM hvZvqvZi Rb PviwU dUK wQj| Gjvi bvg wQj evUvjx `iRv,
cvnvwo `iRv, gyix `iRv Ges bvx `iRv| (kL gvngy` Avng` Bidvbx mvne
gig cYxZ Kvw`qvb, c_g msiY, 6 c:)
(2) AbygvwbK 1802 wLv| (Kvw`qvb 79 c:)
(3) A_vr, Kcyi_jv ivR|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

07

wghv Mvjvg gyZhv mvne :

AZ:ci, iYwRr wmsni ivRZKvji klfvM Avgvi Iqvj` mvne
(wcZv) wghv Mvjvg gyZhv Kvw`qvb cZvMgb Kib| wcZvi Mvgmg~ni
ga cvuPwU Mvg wZwb wdi cjb | KviY, GB mgqi ga iYwRr wmsn
Abvb AwaKvsk z` z` ivR nMZ Ki GKwU eo iv vcb
KiwQjb| Avgv`i mg MvgwjB iYwRr wmsni Kivq wQj| GKw`K
jvnvi _K ckvIqvi ch Ges Aciw`K jywaqvbv ch Zvi ivR
weZ wQj| hv nvK, Avgv`i cvPxb wiqvmZwU f~jywZ nq Aekl
cvuPwU Mvg gv nvZ _vKjv| Zey cyivZb esk wnmve Avgvi Iqvj`
mvne A_vr wghv Mvjvg gyZhv GZ`vj LvZbvgv I abvX ew iBm
wQjb| Mfbi Rbviji `ievi DcekbvwaKvix ivRbeMi Afy
MY Ki ZvK me`v AvgY Kiv nZv| mvi jvcj Mxwdb mvneI
Zr-cYxZ cvvei ivRbeMi BwZnvm Zvi welqI DjL KiQb|
hv nvK, wZwb kvmK KZci `wZ AZ wcq I kq ew wQjb|
AbK mgq Zvi gbvZzwi Dk DP ivRKgPvwiiv, h_v Kwgkbvi,
WcywU Kwgkbvi Zvi mv_ mvvr Kivi Rb Zvi evwoZ AvmZb|1

mvi jvcj wMwdbi mv :

Avgv`i weePbvq, Gj mvi jvcj wMwdbi weewZwU mwbwe Kij
AcvmwK ne bv| mvi jvcj Zvi wjwLZ cvve Pxd&m bvgK cyK
cvvei ivRbeMi BwZnvm nhiZ Avng` Kvw`qvbx (Av.) Gi cwievi
m^ wjLQb :
mgvU eveii ivRZi kl eQi A_vr 1530 wLv nv`x eM bvgK
RbK mgiK`evmx gyNj ^`k cwiZvM Ki cvve AvMgb Kib Ges
i`vmcyi Rjvq emwZ vcb Kib| wZwb wKQz jLvcov RvbZb Ges
Kvw`qvbi PZzcvk cvq 70wU2 Mvgi GK Kvhx A_vr gvwRU wbhy
nb| Kw_Z AvQ, wZwb Kvw`qvb cwZv Kib Ges Gi bvg Bmjvgcyi
KvRx ivLb, hv gk: cwiewZZ nq Kvw`qvb bvg aviY Ki|3 e cyil
(1) wKZveyj-evwiqv, c_g msiY, nvwkqv, 134-46 c:|
(2) GwU wVK bq, 85wU Mvg wQj| G m^ AvM ejv nqQ| (MKvi)
(3) cvve Pxdm cyK GB vb UxKvq wjwLZ AvQ, cvvex fvlvq hv` ( ) Aii
DPviY AwaKvsk j AviweZ ` nq co| hgb, ^R-^`, IvR- Iv`|

08

nvqvZ ZvBqev

evcx GB cwievi ev`kvni Aaxb mvwbZ ivRKvh AwawZ wQj|

wkL`i Afyvbi mgq Zviv nxb`kvM wQjb| j&& gynv` I Zvi cy
AvZv gynv` ivgMwoqv I KvbnvBqv wkL `jjvi mv_ AweiZ msMvg
wj _vKb| Kvw`qvbi cvkeZx vbjv G`i Aaxb wQj| AvZv
gynv` Zvi mg mwPzZ nq weMvqvj m`vi dZn& wmsn
AvnjyIqvwjqvi kiYv_x njb Ges Zvi iYvaxb wZwb evi eQi Kvj
wbivc` emevm Kib| Zvi gZzi ci ivgMwoqv `ji iYwRr wmsn mg
RvqMxi nMZ Ki Ges wZwb Mvjvg gyZhvK Kvw`qvb wdi hvIqvi
Rb Avnvb Ki Zvi c~e-cyil`i RvqMxii GK en`vsk Zvi nvZ
mgcY Kib| AZ:ci, wZwb Zvi fvB`i mn gnvivRvi mwbK wefvM
hvM`vb Kib Ges Kvkxi mxgv I Abvb vb hvMZvi cwiPq `b|
bIbnvj wmsn, ki wmsn Ges jvnvi `ievii Avgj Mvjvg gyZhv
me`v iY KvR KiQb| 1841 wLv Rbvij fUzivi mv_ ZvK
gw I Kzjy cvVvbv nq| 1840 mvj GK `j c`vwZK mbi
AwabvqKic wZwb ckvIqvi hvb| nvRvivi we`vn `gb wZwb wekl
`Zvi cwiPq `b| 1848 mvji we`vn wZwb Zvi miKvii mv_
wekZv iv Kib Ges miKvi c hy Kib| Zvi fvB Mvjvg
gywnDxbI GB mgq Dg mvgwiK KvR mv`b Kib| hLb `Iqvb g~j
wmsni mvnvhv_ fvB gnvivR wmsn mmb gyjZvbi w`K AMmi
nwQjb, ZLb Mvjvg gywnDxb Abvb RvqMxi`vi ji Lvu mwnIqvj
Ges mvne Lvu wZIqvbvmn gymjgvb Awaevmx`iK DrmvwnZ Kib Ges
wgm mvne `qvji evwnbxi mv_ GKhvM we`vnx`iK AvgY Ki
m~Yic civwRZ Kib| Pbve b`x eZxZ Aci Kvb w`K kz`i
cvjvevi ivv _vKjv bv| kci Qqki ewk jvK cvwbZ Wye
gijv|
hLb BsiR AwaKZ `ki mv_ cvveKI mshvwRZ Kiv njv ZLb
GB cwievii RvqMxiI evRqv njv| wK mvZk UvKvi GKwU cbkb
Mvjvg gyZhv I Zvi fvBK `qv njv| Kvw`qvb I cvk KqKwU Mvg
Zv`i gvwjKx ^Z envj _vKjv| 1857 wLv miKviK wmcvnx
we`vni mgq GB cwievi cf~Z mvnvh Kib| wghv Mvjvg gyZhv AbK
jvKK mbvevwnbxZ fwZ Ki `b| Zvi cy Mvjvg Kv`i ZLb
Rbvij wbKjmbi evwnbxZ wQjb, hLb D mbvcwZ wkqvjKvU
_K cjvZK 46 bs `kxq c`vwZK we`vnx evwnbxK wgyNvU asm

nvqvZ ZvBqev

09

Kib| Rbvij wbKjmb Mvjvg Kv`iK GKwU mb` `b| GZ jLv

AvQ h, 1857 wLv Kvw`qvbi cwievi Rjvi Abvb cwievi Acv
AwaK wekZv iv KiQ|1

wbevmbi msw BwZnvm :

Dci GKwU cv`UxKvq Avgiv ejwQ, wghv j&gynv` mvne 1800
wLv cijvKMgb Kib| Zvi gZzi ci wghv AvZv gynv` mvnei
mgq wkLiv ezZg~jK mvvZi Qj wfZi cek Ki Kvw`qvb AwaKvi
Ki2 Ges wghv AvZv gynv` mvne cwievi cwiRbmn Kcyi_jv ivRi
weMvqvj bvgK vb Avkq MnY KiZ eva nb| GUv 1802 ev 1803
wLvi NUbv| ivRv dZn& wmsn ZLb Kcyi_jvi ivRv| wZwb wghv AvZv
gynv` mvneK mv`i MnY Ki ck A:KiYi cwiPq `b| RxweKv
wbevni Rb ZvK `ywU Mvg `qvi AvMn cKvk Kij wghv mvne ZvK
GB ej cZvLvb Kijb h wZwb GB Mvgjv MnY Kij Zvi mvb`i
gbvej nvm cve Ges cvwievwiK wZ ivi wPv Zv`i gb _K jvc
cZ _vKe|
wghv AvZv gvnv` mvne wbevwmZ Aevq gvMZ GMviv eQi evcx e
KfvMi ci AvbygvwbK 1814 wLv Kcyi_jvZB gZeiY Kib|3
Zvi cy wghv Mvjvg gyZhv mvne ivZi ejvq Zvi Rvbvhv Kvw`qvb
wbq Avmb Ges wkL`i evav `vb mZI AZ mvnwmKZvi mv_
cvwievwiK Keivb ZvK mgvwa Kib| Zvi gZzi ci evwnKfve
cwieviwU m~Y wbicvq nq cojv| A wei 20 eQi ch Gfve
KvUjv wK GY nhiZ AvK`vm gmxn cvK (Av.) Gi RbMnYi mgq
wbKUeZx nwQj| Lv`v ZvAvjv A`k nvZ w`q Zv`i Kvw`qvb
cZveZbi eev Kijb| 1834 ev 1835 wLv gnvivRv iYwRr wmsn
Zvi wcZv nhiZ wghv Mvjvg gyZhv mvneK Kvw`qvb wiqvmZi cvuPwU
Mvg c`vb Kijb| wkL Avgj ch A_vr gvMZ P eQi GB
Mvgjv Zvi KZZvaxb _vKjv| wK 1849 wLvi 27k gvP, cvve
c`k BsiR kvmbvaxb Avmj Kvb Kvb we`vnx m`vii RvqMxijv
(1) cvve Pxdm, 2q L, 67-68 c:|
(2) GB evcvi Kvb Kvb vbxq gymjgvbI wekvmNvZKZv KiwQj|
(3) Kvw`qvb| 78 c:|

10

nvqvZ ZvBqev

mgZ Kvw`qvbi RvqMxiI Ko bqv njv| e`vbZv ^ic mvZk UvKvi

GKwU gvgyjx cbkb gv cwieviwUi Rb avh Kiv njv| cvve BsiR
kvmb mycwZwZ nj, wZwb Zvi `xNKvjxb bxwZ Abyhvqx GB bZzb
MfYgUK c~Y mnhvwMZv Kib| nhiZ AvK`vm (Av.) Gi Rxebx
AvjvPbv cm Avgiv vb vb Zvui wcZvi Rxebi cvmwK wKQz Ask
wbqI AvjvPbv Kiev BbkvAvjvn&|

nhiZ wghv Mvjvg gyZhv mvnei weevn

nhiZ Avng` Kvw`qvbx AvjvBnm mvjvZz Iqvm mvjvgi kq wcZv
nhiZ wghv Mvjvg gyZhv mvnei weevn wkqvicyi Rjvi BgvgMYi
GKwU mvwbZ gyNj cwievi nqwQj| nhiZ AvK`vmi kqv gvZvi
bvg wQj PivM wewe| cwiZvl `w, AvwZ_qZv Ges `wi` cvjb Zvi
Pwii AbZg ewk wQj| wZwb Mwie wgmwKbK wekl hZmnKvi
Avnvi KivZb Ges AfveM ewMYi cqvRbvw`i cwZ wekl j
ivLZb| Kvb `wi` ewi gZy nj ZrYvr Zvi Rb Kvdb Zwi Ki
Zvi Ni ciY Kiv Zvi wPiKvjxb Afvm wQj|

nhiZ wghv Mvjvg gyZhv mvnei mvb

nhiZ PivM wewe mvnevi Mf nhiZ wghv Mvjvg gyZhv mvnei cvuPwU
mvb RbMnY Kib|
(1) gyiv` wewewkqvicyii wghv gynv` eMi mv_ Zvi weq nq| GB
gwnjv mZ ^c I Kvkd `kb KiZb|
(2) wghv Mvjvg Kv`i mvneBwb nhiZ AvK`vmi (Av.) eo fvB
wQjb| BsiR miKvii Aaxb wZwb wKQz mvbRbK ivRKvh
AwawZ wQjb| Gici wbR Rjv A_vr i`vmcyii Rjv `ii
mycvwiUbWU c`I mgvmxb _vKb| cmg GB cyKi bvbv
vb Avgiv Zvi m^ AvjvPbv Kiev|
(3) Zvi Aviv GKwU cy RbMnY Kib| wK wKQzKvj ciB Zvi gZz nq|
(4) RvbvZ weweGB Kbv nhiZ AvK`vmi (Av.) m hgR RbMnY
Kib Rbi KqKw`b ci Zvi gZz nq|
(5) nhiZ wghv Mvjvg Avng` mvne Kvw`qvbx gmxn gvID` I gvn`x gvmE`
AvjvBnm& mvjvZz Iqvm& mvjvg, hvui mv_ GLb weki fvM RwoZ|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

11

nhiZ AvK`vmi esk ZvwjKv :

wghv nv`x eM
(Bwb 1530 wLv mgiK` nZ Kvw`qvb AvMgb Kib)

gynv` MDm

`xb gynv`

gynv` myjZvb
Ave`yj evKx

Ae`ybex

inxg eM

gynv` eM

Avdhj eM

Pvu` eM

Mvhx eM

Rvdi eM

Ave` eM

Avhxh `xb

Avjvn& `xb

evnvDxb

dqhyjvn

gynv` dvhj

gynv` `jvIi

gynv` mv`K

gynv` Avmjvg

kv`x eM

gxi gynv`

gynv` Kvqg

`xb gynv`

gynv` mvqb

wghv dqh gynv`

wghv j&& gynv`

wghv Kvmg eM
wghv Mvjvg
nvB`i

wghv AvZv gynv`

wghv Mvjvg
gywnDwb

wghv Mvjvg wghv Bgvgywb

mvqb
(wZwb wbik nb)

wghv Mvjvg
Avng`

wghv Mvjvg gywnDxb

wghv Mvjvg
gyvdv

wghv bhvgywb

wghv Mvjvg
gyZhv

wghv Kvgvjyxb

nhiZ wghv Mvjvg Avn&g`

Bgvg gvn&`x I gmxn& gvID` (Av.)
Avng`xqv gymwjg RvgvZ-Gi cwZvZv

wghv Mvjvg Kv`i

12

nvqvZ ZvBqev

wekl `e :
(1) nhiZ AvK`vm (Av.) gynv` myjZvbi eskai wQjb ej GLvb
aygv ZviB eskai`i msw ZvwjKv mwbwe nqQ| wevwiZ
weeiYi Rb wmivZzj-gvn`x, mvneRv`v nhiZ wghv ekxi Avng`
mvne (gvv-whjyj Avjx) cYxZ, c_g msiY, 116 c: `Lyb|
(2) wghv dqh gynv` mvnei cieZx Aev wevwiZfve Rvbv hvq|
GRb Zvi cieZx esk ZvwjKvI `qv nj|

nhiZ AvK`vm wghv Mvjvg Avng&` (Av.) Gi Rb :

wkL Avgj nhiZ AvK`vmi Rb nq| ZLb Rbi w`K, Y, ZvwiLi
Kvb mwVK KvMRc ivLv nZv bv| Zv`i cwieviI ZLb DMgq
Aevq wQj| GKviY mb`ic MnxZ nZ cvi Gic Kvb `wjj cvIqv
hvq bv, hvi Dci wbfi Ki Rb ZvwiL mwVKic wbicY Kiv hvq|
Aek, B`vwbs nhiZ mvneRv`v wghv ekxi Avng` mvne Gg, G, nhiZ
AvK`vmi Kvb Kvb jLv Ges wKse`x Abyhvqx wbaviY Kib h,
nhiZ AvK`vm 13B deqvwi 1835 wLv gvZveK 14B kvIqvj
1250 wnRix evi dRii bvgvhi mgq f~wg nb| GK_v wekl ic
DjLhvM h, Zuvi (Av.) Rbi m mB Zuvi (Av.) cwievii wbevmb
Aev I A_-K `~ixf~Z nq|
Avgiv ejwQ hyi hgR RbMnY Kib| wZwb f~wg nIqvi AvM h Kbv
mvbwU RbMnY Ki, KqKw`b ciB Zvi gZz nq| GB NUbvi cwZ
BwZ Ki wZwb KLbv KLbv ejZb, Avgvi gb nq, GB cKvi Lv`v
ZvAvjv Avgvi ga _K bvixmyjf ^fve myYic `~ixf~Z Kib| Zvui
hgR RbMnY Kivi ga Aviv GKwU welq wbwnZ wQj| GZ mB
fwelvYx c~Y njv, hv Kvbv Kvbv Bmjvgx cyK wjwLZ wQj, A_vr,
cwZkZ gvn`x hgR RbMnY Kieb|1

(1) dmymyj&-nKvg, nhiZ gywnDxb Beb Aviwe cYxZ, 1308 wnRix mvj gyw`Z
gjvbv Avj&-dvhj gynv` gyeviK Avjxi Abyev` 36 c:|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

13

nhiZ AvK`vmi RbMnYi KqK eQi AvM Zi kZvxi gyRv`

nhiZ mq` Avng` eijex (ingZzjvn AvjvBn) Ges nhiZ BmgvCj
knx` mvne nvRviv Rjvi AeZx evjvKvU bvgK vb knx` nqwQjb
Ges BsiR kvmb kwi Aaxb wLvb ag ebvi bvq cvve eZxZ
fviZeli Aewk mgM AskK Mvm KiZ PjwQj| Gi ciB cvvei
cvjv wQj| wLvbiv mec_g, wVK 1835 wLv, A_vr nhiZ AvK`vm
(Av.) Gi Rb eQi jywaqvbvq Zv`i c_g cPvi wgkb Kvqg Ki|
myZivs Zv Kgb Hkx nc wQj h, GKw`K zkxq ag cPvii eev
nIqvi mB Aci w`K Lv`v ZvAvjv GB wdrbvi Ayi webvki Dk
zk-fKvixK wbKUeZx GK Rjvq Avwef~Z Kijb| AZ:ci, GB zk
fKvix hLb `xv MnY Kivi Rb Avw` njb, ZLb wZwb mec_g
eqAvZ wbevi vb wnmve jywaqvbvKB gbvbxZ Kijb|

nhiZ AvK`vmi kke :

GKwU dviwm cev` AvQ, nvbnvi `vivLZ K wPK&b wPK&b cvZ| wVK
GB cev` evK Abyhvqx nhiZ wghv Mvjvg Avng` Kvw`qvbx (Av.) Gi
kkeI AwZkq cwe Ges Dj wQj| Ab Qjgq`i mv_ Ab_K
Ljvayjv ev `yvwgZ hvM`vb Kiv Zvui Afvm wQj bv|1 bexMYi wPib
ixwZ Abyhvqx GKevi Zvui QvMj Pivevi myhvM NU wQj| Zv Gic
NUGKevi wZwb Mvgi evBi GK Kci Dci emwQjb| evwo _K
Zvui Kvb wRwbm Avbvi cqvRb njv| GK ew cvkB QvMj PivwQj|
wZwb ZvK ejjb, Zzwg AvgvK evwo _K AgyK wRwbm Gb `vI|
mB ew ejj, Avgvi QvMjjv `Le K| wZwb ejjb, Zzwg hvI,
Avwg Gjv `Lev| Z`byhvqx wZwb Zvi QvMjjv PivZ jvMjb GB
cKvi Lv`v ZvAvjv GK wnmve bex`i bxwZ (mybZ) Zvui viv cvjb
Kivjb|2
Zvi Rxeb PwiZ jLK, mjmjvi mycwm HwZnvwmK nhiZ kL BqvKze
Avjx Bidvbx mvne (ivwh Avjv Avb) Zuvi kkei GKwU AZvh
RbK NUbv wjLQb| GKevi QvUejvZB GKRb mgeqv gqK
(ci hvi mv_ Zvui weq nq) wZwb ejZb, `vqv Ki hb Lv`v AvgvK
(1) Avj&-nvKvg; 14B Ryb, 1932 wLv 10g c:|
(2) wmivZzj gvn`x, 1g L, wZxq msiY, 250 c:|

14

nvqvZ ZvBqev

bvgvh covi mfvM `b|1

Zvui cwe ^fve, mvay Pwi I Afvmi RbB h KD ZvK APz w`q
`LQb m-B Zvui f nqQb| ejywPvb wbevmx wgTv gynv` mvqb
mvne bvgK GKRb Avng`x wkK ejb, AvgvK gjex eyinvbyxb
mvne (ivwh Avjv Avb) ejQb h, GKevi nhiZ gwmn& gvID`
AvjvBnm mvjvZz Iqvm mvjvg, wKjv wgTvwmsni gjex Mvjvg imyj
mvnei KvQ wMqwQjb| ZLb hyi Kej evjKgv| IB gRwjm Kvb
welq wbq AvjvPbv nwQj| K_v cm gjex Mvjvg imyj mvne
ejjb, G Rvgvbvq Kvb bex nIqvi _vKj, GB Qj beyqZi hvM|
gjex Mvjvg imyj mvne GKRb Awj I KivgZmb ew wQjb|
wZwb nhiZ gmxn gvID` AvjvBnm mvjvZz Iqvm& mvjvgi `n mnfi nvZ eyjvZ eyjvZ GB K_v ejwQjb| gjex eyinvbyxb mvne
(i.) ejb h, wZwb wbR IB gRwjm DcwZ wQjb|2

nhiZ AvK`vmi wkv :

BsiR kvmbi AvM cvve wkL-ivRZ wQj| wkvi cwZ
wkL-MfYgUi Av` Kvb `w wQj bv| `ki mv ewiv Avcb
Avcb NiB wkK`iK Mn-wkKic ivLZb| BsiR Avgji
cv_wgK hyMI wkvi evcvi Awei GB eevB cPwjZ wQj| nhiZ
AvK`vm (Av.) Gi wkvi RbI Ggb eev Kiv nqwQj| nhiZ wbRB
Zvui cv_wgK wkvi welq eYbv KiQb| GRb hyii fvlvZB Gi
DjL mgxPxb gb Kwi| hyi ejb : Avgvi eqm hLb 6/7 eQi, ZLb
GKRb dviwm fvlvwe`& Avgvi Rb Dchy eZb wkK wbhy Kiv nq|
wZwb KziAvb kixd Ges wKQz dviwm KZve AvgvK cwoqwQjb| GB
eyRyMi bvg wQj dhj Bjvnx| Avgvi eqm AvbygvwbK `k eQii mgq
GKRb Aviwe fvlvwe` gjex mvne Avgvi wkvi Rb wbqvwRZ nb|
Zvi bvg wQj dhj Avng`| Avgvi gb nq Avgvi wkv Lv`v ZvAvjvi
dhji Zvi wekl Kcvi GKUv cv_wgK exR _vKvi dj mB wkK`i
bvgi c_g kI dhjB wQj| Dciv gjex mvne GKRb `xb`vi I
eyRyM ew wQjb| wZwb AZ gbvhvM I cwikgi mv_ AvgvK
(1) nvqvZzbbex 1g L, 2q msLv, 158 c:|
(2) ivIqvBqvZ mvnvev, (AcKvwkZ) L 12,104-105 c:|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

15

covZb| Avwg Aviwe-evKiYi Qvidi Kvb Kvb KZve Ges bnei

Kvb Kvb wbqgvejx Zvi KvQ cvV Kwi| ci Avgvi eqm hLb 17/18
eQi njv, ZLb AviI GKRb gjex mvnei KvQ KqK eQi wkv
jvfi myhvM NUwQj| Zvi bvg wQj j& Avjx kvn&| ZvKI Iqvj`
mvne eZbfy Ki AvgvK Kvw`qvb covevi Rb wbqvM Kib| GB
klv gjex mvnei KvQ Avwg bne, hyw wevb Ges `kb kv
cfwZ cPwjZ vbwevb, hZLvwb Lv`v ZvAvjv PvBjb ARb Kijvg|
wPwKrmv kvi Kvb Kvb wKZve Avwg Iqvj` mvnei KvQ cvV Kwi|
wPwKrmv we`vi w`K _K wZwb GKRb mywbcyY wPwKrmK wQjb|1
GB weewZZ h wZbRb wkKi K_v ewYZ nqQ Zv`i ga c_g
wkK A_vr gjex dhj Bjvnx mvne Kvw`qvbi evwm`v Ges nvbvdx
wQjb| wZxq wkK, A_vr gjex dhj Avn&g` mvne RivbIqvjv
Rjvi AMZ wdivhIqvjvi Awaevmx wQjb| wZwb Avnj nvw`m
mc`vqfy wQjb| ZZxq wkK gjex j&& Avjx kvn& evUvjvevmx Ges
wkqv mc`vqi wQjb|2 gvU K_v Lv`v ZvAvjv Zvi wkvi Rb Ggb
me wkK wbqvwRZ Ki wQjb, hvuiv gymjgvbMY`i cwm
mc`vqjvi Afy wQjb| Ggb Kivi KviY GB h Zvui Dci A`~i
fwelZ gymjgvb`i msvii mygnvb Kvhfvi b nIqvi wQj| GB
eevi dj, wZwb Gme wkK`i KvQ _K cZK mc`vqi ag
wekvm I wqv-Kg, AvKvq` I Avgj m^ ek wKQzUv RvbZ
ciwQjb|

cPwjZ Ljvq Ask MnY :

Avgiv h mgqi K_v wbq AvjvPbv KiwQ, m mgq mvaviYZ Kzw,
KvevwW, gyi fvuRv Ges fvi gyi Dvjbi evqvg I Ljv cPwjZ wQj|
Kgnxb jvK`i ga cvwL aiv, cvwL cvjb Ges gviM jovB-Gi mvaviY
cPjb wQj| nhiZ AvK`vm (Av.) klv hveZxq Avgv`-cgv`jv
^fveZ cQ` KiZb bv| Z_vwc wbw` mxgvbvi ga _K wZwb wbqwgZ
kixi PPv Ges xov-KZzK Ask MnY KiZb| evjKvj wZwb mvuZvi
KvUv wkLb| KLbI KLbI Kvw`qvbi cyKzijvZ wZwb mvuZvi KvUZb
(1) wKZveyj&-evwiqv, 140-50 c:|
(2) nvqvvZzb&-bex, 1g Rj&d, 51 c:|

16

nvqvZ ZvBqev

Ges c_g Rxeb Nvovq PovI wkLwQjb| GZ wZwb wekl cvi`wkZv

jvf Kib| wK Zvui wekl evqvg wQj cvq nuvUv Pjv| kl eqm ch
wZwb Zv Kvqg iL wQjb| gYv_ AbK `~i `~iv nuU hZb Ges
AZ `Z nuvUZb|1

c_g weq :
cbi lvj eQi eqm Zvui cig fwfvRb wcZv Zvui weq Zvui Avcb
gvgv wghv RwgqZ eM gigi gq igZ wewei mv_ mv`b Kib|
GUv Zvui c_g weq| GB weqi dj Zvui `yB cywghv myjZvb Avng`
mvne Ges wghv dhj Avng` mvne h_vg meZ 1853 wLv Ges
1855 wLv RbMnY Kib| wghv dhj Avng` mvne eKvj ci
wbtmvb Aevq gZzeiY Kib| wK nhiZ wghv myjZvb Avng` mvne
BsiR miKvii Aaxb wewfb ivRKvh AwawZ _K WcywU Kwgkbii
c` DbxZ nb Ges Aekl evnvIqvjcyi ivRi A_gxic Aemi MnY
Kib| cbkb cvwi AKvj ci wZwb Zvui QvU fvB nhiZ wghv
ekxixb gvngy` Avng` LwjdvZzj gwmn mvbx AvBqv`vjv ZvAvjvi
nvZ eqAvZ Ki Avng`xqv mjmjvq hvM`vb Kib| wZwb ay GKRb
myhvM ivRKgPvixB wQjb bv, cvi wZwb GKRb cwm jLK Ges
e Mi cYZv wQjb| Zvui cYxZ cvq 50wU cyK gyw`Z nq cKvwkZ
nqQ| GK_v weklfve DjLhvM h, Zvui R cy nhiZ wghv Avhxh
Avng` mvne Gg G evjKvjB wcZvgn nhiZ gmxn gvID` AvjvBnm
mvjvZz Iqvm& mvjvgi nvZ eqAvZ Kib| wZwb GwWGg c`& _K Aemi
MnY Ki cbkb cqQb| GLb wZwb wmjwmjvi K` bvhi Avjvi
c` wbhy AvQb| Lv`v Zvi AvqyZ eiKZ w`b| Zvi mgM Rxeb AZ
AvwiKZv Ges ag civqYZvi mv_ KvwUq hvQb| PvKwi Rxeb mZZv,
bvq, wbv, KZecivqYZv, Ges mywePvii AZzP Av`k vcb KiQb|

nhiZ AvK`vmi wbRbwcqZv :

`ki mvaviY wbqgi wecixZ weqi ciI nhiZ AvK`vmi wbRb
wcqZvq wZjgv cf` NUwb| Kvw`qvbi wbKUeZx GKRb wn`y RvU
ejZb h, nhiZ wghv mvne _K wZwb 20 eQii eo wQjb| eo wghv
(1) wmjwmjv Avng`xqv, nhiZ mvneRv`v wghv ekxi Avng` mvne cYxZ, 10 c:|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

17

mvnei1 KvQ cvqB Zvi Avmv-hvIqv wQj| Zvi mvgb eevi Gic
NUQ h Kvb DP ivRKgPvix ev iBm eo wghv mvnei mv_
mvvZi Rb AvMgb Kij K_v cm Zviv wRvmv Kib wghv mvne,
Avcbvi eo Qji (A_vr wghv Mvjvg Kv`i mvnei) mZv mvvr
nq wK Avcbvi QvU Qji m KLbI nq bv| ZLb wZwb Di
w`Zb, nvu, Avgvi wZxq cy Mvjvg Kv`ii QvU| wK m wbRbB
_vK| Zvici, wZwb KvDK cvwVq wghv mvneK WK AvbZb|
wZwb AvbZ bqb DcwZ nZb Ges wcZvi cvk mvgvb eeavb
emZb| AwaKvsk mgq gyLi Dci evg nvZ ivLv Zvui Afvm wQj| wZwb
Kvb K_v ejZb bv| Kviv cwZ ZvKvZb bv| eo wghv mvne
ejZb, GLb Zv GB beea~K `Ljb| Aviv ejZb, Avgvi GB
Qj gymxZvi|2 m PvKwiI Ki bv, Kvb Dcvq-DcvRbI Ki bv|
Zvici, wZwb nm ejZb, Pj, ZvgvK Kvb gmwR` Bgvg Ki `B|
GZ AZ `k gY km Lvevi Rb Ni Avme| GB DcvLvb ejvi ci
mB RvU ejZb, AvR wZwb RxweZ _vKj `LZ cZb h, Bwb
Kgb kvnvbkvn& ic wbRMn mgvmxb Ges KZ kZ kZ jvK `~i-`~iv
_K Zvui `iRvq Mvjvgxi Rb Avm|3

AZwaK covbv :
cvV wnmve, mevcv AwaK wZwb KziAvb gRx` ZjvIqvZ KiZb|
Ggb wK, Kvb Kvb `kK ejb, Avgiv ZvuK m`v KziAvb Kixg cvV
iZ `LwQ|
Zvi R cy nhiZ wghv myjZvb Avng` mvne eYbv Kib h, nhiZ
AvK`vmi KvQ GKwU KziAvb gRx` wQj| wZwb GwU cvV KiZb Ges wPwZ
KiZ _vKZb| wZwb Aviv ejb, Avwg Kvb cKvi AwZkqvw bv KiB
ejZ cvwi h, meZ: `k nvRvi evi wZwb Zv cvV KiwQjb|4 wKZve
cvV wZwb Gic wbgM _vKZb h, ZLb Zvui evnvb wejy nq hZ|
(1) nhiZ wghv Mvjvg gyZhv mvne|
(2) Bnv GKwU cvvex fvlvi k| Gi viv Gic ewK eySvq, whwb Zvi AwaKvsk
mgq gmwR` bvgvh Ges KziAvb kixd cvV AwZevwnZ Kib|
(3) ZvhKivZzj-gvn`x, wZxq L, 30 c:|
(4) nvqvZzb-bex, 1g L, 108 c:|

18

nvqvZ ZvBqev

Gcm nhiZ AvK`vm (Av.) ^qs ejQb :

H mgq wKZve `Lvi cwZ Avgvi Gic SvuK wQj, hb Avwg G RMZ
_vKZvg bv| cvQ ^vnvwb nq GB fq Avgvi Iqvj` mvne AvgvK
AZ mnvbyf~wZi mv_ evi evi GB Dc`kB w`Zb h, cyK cvV
Kgvbv DwPZ|1

gvgjv-gvKvgv Z`&wei
nhiZ AvK`vmi cig fwfvRb wcZv nhiZ wghv Mvjvg gyZhv mvne
`Ljb h wZwb agMmg~n cvV Ges bvgvh, ivhv cfwZ Hkx wb`kvejx
cvjb wbgM _vKb, wK mvsmvwiK evcvi GKRb Rwg`vi wnmve Zvui
KvQ h mKj KvR-Kg AvmZ, wZwb IB me welq m~Y D`vmxb
_vKZb| GRb Zvui wPv nZv Zvi AeZgvb GB cy AMRi MjMn bv
nq cob|2 myZivs, gvKvgvw`i Z`&weii Rb wZwb ZvuK Av`k
w`Zb| wZwb wcZvi Av`k cvjbi BQvq IB me gvKvgv cwiPvjbv
KvR eZx nZb mZ, wK ^fveZ: wZwb GB KvR AcQ` KiZb| wZwb
wbRB wjLQb :
Avgvi Iqvj` mvne wcZ-wcZvgn`i Mvgmg~n cybivii Dk
BsiR Av`vjZ gvKvgv cwiPvjbv Kijb| wZwb Zvi mevq AvgvKI
wbqvwRZ KiwQjb| GK my`xN mgq Avwg me KvR evcZ wQjvg|
Avgvi `ytL nq, Avgvi e mgq GB mg wbi_K weev` b nj| GKB
m Iqvj` mvne Rwg`vixi welqvw`i Zveavbi wbwg AvgvK wbhy
Kijb| Avwg Gic iwP I ^fvemb ew wQjvg bv| GRb cvqB
Iqvj` mvne Am nZb| Avgvi cwZ Zvi mnvbyf~wZ I `qv AZ
ewk wQj| wK wZwb PvBZb h, mvaviY gvbyli bvq AvwgI
Ni-msmvii cwZ AvK nB| wK Avgvi gb G welq m~Y wegyL wQj|
GKevi GKRb Kwgkbvi Kvw`qvb AvmZ PvBjb| Avgvi Iqvj` mvne
KqKevi AvgvK ejjb, Zvui Af_bv_ `yB wZb vk GwMq wMq
ZvK wbq Avmv DwPZ| wK GKvR KiZ Avgvi gb AZ NYv Rbvj
Ges Avwg AmyI wQjvg ZvB Avwg hZ cvwiwb| myZivs, GB welqwUI
(1) wKZveyj-evwiqv, wZxq msiY, cv`wUKv 150 c:|
(2) nhiZ LwjdvZzj gwmn mvbx AvBq`vjv-ZvAvjv ebvmwiwnj Avhxh KZK
weewZ, Avj-nvKvg, wmivZ gvwmn gvID` msLv, 5c: g- Ryb 1943 hy msLv|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

19

Zvi Amwi KviY nj| wZwb PvwQjb Avwg mvsmvwiK KvRKg cwZ
gyn~Z wj _vwK| Avgvi viv Zv nwQj bv| Z_vwc Avwg gb Kwi h, Avwg
m`yk cw_exi Rb bq, ay wcZvi AvvbyewZZvq cyYvRYi wbwg
Avwg Iqvj` mvnei mevq m~Yic AvZwbqvM KiwQjvg Ges Zvui
Rb `vqvq gkj _vKZvg| wZwb AvwiK wekvmi mv_ AvgvK
gvZ-wcZ-f ej RvbZb| e mgq ejZb, Avwg ay `qvciek nq
Avgvi GB QjK mvsmvwiK welq Kgi cwZ gbvhvMx KiZ PvB| bv
nq, Avwg Rvwb hw`K Zvi gb co AvQ, A_vr agi w`K- cKZ I
mZ welq ZvB| Avgiv Avgv`i Rxeb Ah_v b KiwQ|1
ag BwZnvm cvV Z: Rvbv hvq h, Avjvn& ZvAvjv hvu`i Dci gvbe
RvwZi msvii `vwqZ AcYi Awfcvq Kib, cZvw` Kivi AvM
Zvu`iK Ggb me Aevi ga w`q cwiPvwjZ Kib, hvi AwfZv
wek-msvii KvR bvbv cKvi mvnvh Ki| `v ^ic, nhiZ
AvK`vmi Aevi cwZB `wcvZ Kib| Zvui mgq bvq wePvi jvfi
Rb BsiR Av`vjZjv cwZwZ nq| GB me wePvivjq Dfq ci
DwKjiv mvaviYZ: mZevw`Zv, mZZv I mvayZvK Rjvwj w`q
gvKvgv cwiPvjbv KiZb| wZwb Gi wecixZ, gvKvgv cwiPvjbvq
Ggb AZzjbxq Av`k vcb Kib h KD ejZ cviZv bv wZwb Kvb
gvKvgvq we`ygv mZi Acjvc KiQb| cieZx cvjv _K GUv
my ne h, wZwb Gevcvi GK cKvi AZzjbxq Av`k vcb Ki
MQb| Zuvi AwZ eo kI GUv A^xKvi KiZ cviwb h, wZwb G
AwZ gnvb Av`k iL MQb|
AvcvZZ: GB evcvi Zvui gvgywiqZ ev cZvw` nIqvi c~eKvi
KqKwU NUbv D`vniY wnmve DcwZ KiwQ|
(GK) GK gvKvgvi Z`&weii Rb ZuvK jvnvi hZ nqwQj|
jvnvi wZwb mq` gynv` Avjx kvn& mvnei evwoZ Aevb Kib| kvn&
mvne Kvw`qvbi GKRb mv iBm wQjb| eb wefvM PvKwi ekZ:
jvnvi evm KiZb| Pxd KvU gvKvgv wQj| kvn& mvnei KgPvix
nhiZ AvK`vmi Rb Lvevi cQvZb| GKw`b jvKwU Lvevi diZ
wbq Avmjv| kvn mvne wRvmv Kijb, wghv mvne wK Lvevi Lvbwb?
(1) wKZveyj&-evwiqv, wUKv, 150-52 c:

20

nvqvZ ZvBqev

jvKwU cZzi Kij, wZwb ejQb, ci wMq Lvevi Lveb| AY

ciB wZwb AZ cdzjgyL kvn& mvnei evwo cuQjb| kvn mvne
wRvmv Kijb, Avcwb AvR GZ cdzj Kb? wK dqmvjv nqQ? wZwb
ejjb, gvKgv LvwiR nq MQ| wK Avjvn& ZvAvjvi kvKi h,
fwelZ Zv Avi Pje bv|1 G msev` kvn& mvne AZ `ytwLZ njb|
wK wZwb GKUzI wePwjZ njb bv| Kvb msmvix jvK nj, DP
Av`vjZ gvKvgvq civRq nIqvZ Zvi `ytL I gbvKi A _vKZ
bv| wK wZwb Avb` DcfvM Kijb| Avjvn& ZvAvjvi KZZv vcb
Kijb| gvKvgv _K AevnwZ cq Lv`v ZvAvjvi cwZ gbvwbeki
myhvM mw nqQ|

(`yB) nhiZ AvK`vm ejb :

Avwg evUvjvq GKwU gvKvgvi Z`&weii Rb wMqwQjvg| bvgvhi mgq
njv| Avwg bvgvh coZ jvMjvg| Pvcivkx WvK w`j| Avwg bvgvhiZ
wQjvg| Ggb mgq cwZc DcwZ nj| Zviv GK Zidv ivqi gvag
jvfevb nZ PvBj Ges Gi Dci AZ Rvi w`j| wK Av`vjZ Zv Mvn
Kijb bv| wZwb gvKvgv Zv`i wei wbw Kijb| wWw Avgvi
c nj| Avwg bvgvhi ci DcwZ njvg| ZLb Avgvi Lqvj wQj,
meZ: wePviK AvBbi PvL Avgvi AbycwwZK `LQb| wK Avwg
DcwZ nq hLb ejjvg Avwg bvgvh cowQjvg, ZLb wZwb ejjb, Avwg
Zv Avcbvi c wWw w`qwQ|2

(wZb) nhiZ AvK`vmi eqm hLb cuwPk ev wk eQi, ZLb GKwU MvQ
KvUv wbq cRv`i mv_ Zvui kq wcZvi weev` `Lv `q| fwfvRb
wcZvi gZ f~wgi gvwjKvbv ^Z g~j MvQiI wZwb gvwjK| GRb cRv`i
wei `vwe Ki wZwb gvKvgv `vqi Kib| hyiK gvKvgv
cwiPvjbvi Rb i`vmcyi cvVvb nj| Zvui m `yB Rb mvxI wQj|
wZwb Lvj cvi nq cvVvbIqvjv Mvg Kvw wbeviYi Rb GKUz emjb
Ges mx`iK m^vab Ki ejjb, Iqvj` mvne Ah_v `ywv
Kib, MvQ Zi gZ| Giv `wi` ew| hw` KU bq, ZvZ wZ wK?
Avwg Av`vjZ GK_v ejZ cvie bv h, MvQjv m~Y Avgv`i|
Aek, Avgv`i Ask _vKZ cvi| Zvui Dci cRv`iI AMva wekvm
(1) nvqvZzb-bex, c_g L, 57 c:
(2) nvqvZzb&-bex, c_g L, 56 cvt

nvqvZ ZvBqev

21

wQj| gvwRU cRv`iK cKZ evcvi wK wRvmv Kij Zviv wb:mvP

ejjv, wghv mvneKB wRvmv Kib| gvwRU wRvmv Kij wZwb
ejjb, Avgvi gZ MvQ Zi gZ| Z hgb Avgv`i Ask AvQ,
Zgwb MvQI Ask AvQ| Zvui GB Dwi dj gvwRU cRv`i c
wggvsmv Kijb| evwo Avmvi ci Zvui Iqvj` mvne ev AeMZ nq
Zvui cwZ Am njb|1

webq I DbZ Pwi :

nhiZ AvK`vmi R cy nhiZ wghv myjZvb Avng` mvne gig
(ivwh.) ejZb, Iqvj` mvne GKRb gyNji bvq Rxebhvcb Kibwb,
dwKii bvq Rxeb AwZevwnZ Kib|2

Kvw`qvbi KvbvBjvj cvvii weewZ :

GKevi nhiZ wghv mvneK evUvjv hZ nqwQj| wZwb AvgvK Gv
Ki w`Z ejjb| Lvji Ici cuQ hyii iY njv Ni Kvb wRwbm
dj GmQb| wZwb GvIqvjvK mLvb iL cvq nuU Ni wdi
Avmjb| cyji Dci GvIqvjv Ab hvx cq evUvjv Pj Mj| wghv
mvne meZ: cvq nuUB evUvjv wMqwQjb| ZLb Avwg GvIqvjvK
WK gvi w`q ejjvg, nZfvMv, wghv bhvg xb nj ZvK mLvb wZb
w`b em _vKZ njI em _vKwZ| wK Bwb mvay I `iek cKwZi gvbyl
ej ZzB ZvuK dj Pj Mwj? hLb wghv mvne G welq RvbZ
cvijb, wZwb WK AvgvK ejjb m Avgvi Rb wKfve em _vKZv?
m fvov cqQ Pj MQ|3
nhiZ AvK`vmi GK Lv`g wghv BmgvBj eM-Gi mv GB : nhiZ
AvK`vm cZvw` nIqvi AvM Zvui kq wcZvi Av`k hLb gvKvgv
cwiPvjbvi Rb hZb, ZLb AvivnYi Rb m NvovI _vKZ| AvwgI
cvqB m _vKZvg| wK wZwb cvq nuUB iIqvbv nZb Ges AvgvK
Nvovi Dci mIqvi KivZb| Avwg evisevi A^xKvi Ki ejZvg, hyi
Avgvi jv eva nq| wZwb ejZb :
(1) wgTv Avjvn Bqvi wVKv`vi mvnei eYbv, ivIqvBqvZ mvnvev, beg L, 192-93 c:|
(2) wmivZzj&-gvn`x, c_g L, Zxq msiY, 219 c:|
(3) Avj&-nvKvg, wmivZ gwmn gvID` msLv, g-Ryb 1943 wLv|

22

nvqvZ ZvBqev

cvq nuU Pjvq Avgvi jv nq bv, Nvovq PoZ Zvgvi jv wKmi?

Kvw`qvb _K iIqvbv nIqvi mgq me`v nhiZ AvgvK c_g Nvovq
PovZb| A wei AaK c_ hvIqvi ci Avwg Nvov _K bvgZvg Ges
wZwb mIqvi nZb| mfve, Av`vjZ _K divi mgq c_g AvgvK
AvivnY KivZb| ci wbR AvivnY KiZb| ZLb Nvov h Pvj
PjZv mB PvjB PjZ `qv Zvui ixwZ wQj|1

wghv xb gynv`i weewZ :

Avwg c_g nhiZ gwmn gvIE` AvjvBnm& mvjvZz Iqvm& mvjvgi mv_
cwiwPZ wQjvg bv| A_vr, Zvui L`gZ hvIqvi Afvm Avgvi wQj bv|
nhiZ wbRb, wbiki bvq Rxebhvcb KiZb| wZwb bvgvh ivhvi
cve` Ges kixqZ-wcq jvK wQjb| GB YB AvgvK Zvui KvQ
cuQvj| Avwg Zvui L`gZ _vKZ jvMjvg| hLb gvKvgvi Zveavbi
Rb hZb, ZLb Nvovi Ici Zvui mv_ AvgvK cQb emvZb Ges
evUvjv cuQ wbR`i evmfeb Nvov evuaZb| GB evmfeb GKwU
DciZjvi K wQj| wZwb ZvZ Aevb KiZb| GB evwo `Lvkvbvi
KvR GKRb ZveavqKi Ici wQj| m GKRb Mwie jvK wQj| wZwb
mLvb cuQ `yB cqmvi iwU AvbvZb| GUv Zvui wbRi Rb Avbv nZ|
Zvi ga GKwU iwUi GK-PZz_vski GK UzKiv cvwbmn LZb| Aewk
iwU, Wvj hv m _vKZ Zv mB ZveavqKK w`Zb| AvgvK LvIqvi
Rb Pvi Avbv w`Zb| wZwb AwZ A LZb| Zvui Kvb cKvi imbv
wejvmi Afvm wQj bv|2

Avu-nhiZ (mv.) Gi wRqviZ :

1864 A_ev 1865 wLv hLb Zvui eqm wk wK GKwk ZLb wZwb
AvunhiZ (m.) K `kb Kib| Avu-nhiZ mvjvjv AvjvBn Iqvmvjvgi
cwZ ZLb Zvui h cg Ges cxwZ wQj Zv GB Kvkd ev RvMZ ^ci
gvag cKvwkZ nq| GUv Zvui Mievj fwelr wb`k Ki| GRb
cvVK-cvwVKvK hy ii invbx gvKvg A_vr AvavwZK gh v `vi mv_
(1) Avj&-nvKvg, 21 k-28k g 1934 wLv|
(2) nvqvZ Avng`, wZxq L, 196 c:|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

23

cwiwPZ Kivi Dk Zv GLvb eYbv Kiv mgxPxb ej gb Kwi| hyi

ejb :
hebi iZ GK ivZ Avwg ^c `Ljvg Avwg GK RuvKRgKc~Y
evwoZ AvwQ| Zv AZ cwivi cwiQb wQj| Gi ga Avu-nhiZ
mvjvjv AvjvBn Iqvmvjvgi m^ PPv nwQj| Avwg jvK`iK
wRvmv Kijvg, hyi Kv_vq? Zviv GKwU Kvgivi cwZ Bkviv Kij|
Avwg Abvb jvKRbi mv_ wfZi Mjvg| Avwg hyii L`gZ
cuQj, hyi AZ m njb| wZwb Avgvi mvjvgi DrK Di
w`jb| Zvui ic, m`h I KgbxqZv Ges Zvui mnfiv `w Avgvi GLbI
iY AvQ| Avwg Zv KLbv fyjZ cvie bv| Zvui cg AvgvK wegy
Kij| Zvui Acic my`i Pnviv AvgvK wegvwnZ Kij| ZLb wZwb
AvgvK ejjb, Avng`, Zvgvi Wvb nvZ wK AvQ? Avwg Wvb nvZi
w`K ZvwKq `Ljvg, Avgvi nvZ GKwU wKZve AvQ Ges Zv AvgviB
iwPZ ej gb njv| Avwg wbe`b Kijvg, hyi GUv Avgvi iwPZ GKwU
M|1 Avu-nhiZ mvjvjv AvjvBn Iqvmvjvg GB wKZvewU `L Aviwe
fvlvq wRvmv Kijb, Zzwg Gi bvg wK iLQ? GB Aag wbe`b Kijv,
GB wKZvei bvg Avwg KzZex iLwQ| hv nvK, Avu-nhiZ mvjvjv
AvjvBn Iqvmvjvg IB wKZvewU Avgvi KvQ _K wbjb| wKZvewUZ
Avgv`i nhiZ gyKvvm bexi cwe nvZi k jvMvgv Zv GKwU
AwZkq gbvig I my`i dj cwiYZ nj| GwU `LZ cqvivi gZ wQj|
wK AvKvi ZigyRi mgvb wQj| Avu-nhiZ (m.) hLb GB djwU weZiY
Kivi Dk dvjv dvjv KiZ PvBjb, ZLb Zv _K GZ gay wbMZ
nZ jvMjv h, Avu-nhiZi (m.) cwe nvZ KbyB ch gaygq nq Mj|
ZLb GKwU gZ evw, h `iRvi evBi co wQj, Avu-nhiZi gyRhvq
mxweZ nq GB Aagi wcQb Gm `vuovj| nvwKgi mvgb wePvicv_xi
gZv GB Aag Auv-nhiZi (m.) myL `uvwoq wQjvg| Avu-nhiZ gnv
Mievw^Z I cZvcvw^Z wePviKZvic GK gnvexii gZ Avmb AjZ
KiwQjb|
Zvici mviK_v GB h, Avu-nhiZ mvjvjv AvjvBn Iqvmvjvg AvgvK
djwUi GK dvwj GB Dk w`jb hb Avwg mB cybxweZ ewK
w`B| evwK UzKivjv wZwb Avgvi AvuPj ivLjb| Avwg mB UzKivwU IB
(1) Avqbvq KvgvjvZ Bmjvg, 548-49 c:|

24

nvqvZ ZvBqev

beRxebcv evwK w`jvg| m Zv ZrYvr Lq djjv|1 Avwg

`Ljvg, Gi dj Avu-nhiZ mvjvjv AvjvBn Iqvmvjvgi Avmb Da
DwZ nq (Ki) Qv` k Kij| Avwg `Ljvg ZLb, Zvui cwe
Pnviv Ggb `xwgq nq DVj, gb njv Gi Dci m~h I Puv`i Avfv
wbcwZZ nqQ| Avwg Avb` wefvi nq Zvui cwe Pnvivi cwZ Pq
_vKjvg Ges Avgvi PvL w`q Ak wbMZ nZ jvMjv| Zvici Avwg
RvMZ njvg| Avwg ZLbv Kvu`wQjvg Ges Avjvn& ZvAvjv Avgvi `q
msKZ w`jb h mB gZ ew Bmjvg Ges Avjvn& ZvAvjv ZvK
Avu-nhiZ mvjvjv AvjvBn Iqvmvjvgi invbx KjvY GLb Avgvi nvZ
mxweZ Kieb| Avjvgv mvj Avjv gynvv`I Iqv eviK& Iqvmvjg,
BbvKv nvgx`yg& gvRx`|2

wcZv-cy ev`vbyev` :
nhiZ AvK`vmi kq wcZvi Zxe AvKvv wQj Zvui cy ay KziAvb
gRx` I Abvb ag cyK cvVB wbgM bv _vKzK eis Kvb mvbRbK
ivRKvh AwawZ _K fwelr msmvi RxebI DbwZ jvf KiK| GB
Dk wZwb KqKevi PvKwii w`K Zvui gbvhvM AvKlY KiZ Pv
KiwQjb| wK cwZeviB Zvui agvbyivM Ges mvsmvwiK KvR-Kg wb:n
`LZ cq v nq hZb| `v^ic, GKevii NUbv, GKRb
BsiR Awdmvi i`vmcyi Rjvq AvMgb Kib| wZwb Zvui wcZvi c~e
cwiwPZ| wcZv GK eo myhvM gb Ki Kvnjvqvb Mvgi GKRb wkL
Svv wmsnK ejjb, hvI, Mvjvg Avng`K WK Avb| Avgvi cwiwPZ
GKRb BsiR nvwKg Rjvq GmQb| m BQv Kij ZvK Kvb fvj
PvKwi wbq w`Z cvi| Svv wmsn ejbt Avwg wghv mvnei KvQ wMq
`Ljvg Pvi w`K cyK ivwki Zci ga em wKQz cvV KiQb| Avwg
eo wghv mvnei evZv cuQvjvg| wghv mvne nm cZzi Kijb,
hLvb PvKwi bqvi wQj, Avwg wbq wbqwQ| eo wghv mvne ejjb,
evweK PvKwi wbqQ? wghv mvne ejjb, nvu wbqwQ| GZ eo wghv
mvne ejjb, AvQv, hw` PvKwi wbq _vK, Ze fvj|3 eywgvb wcZv
Zvi fvMevb cyi msKZ Dgic eySZ cviZb| hLb wZwb Rvbvjb
(1) evivnxb-Avn&g`xqv, ZZxq L, 248-49 c: cv`UxKvi UxKv|
(2) Avqbvq KvgvjvZ Bmjvg, 548-49 c:|
(3) wmiZzj-gvn`x, c_g L, c_g msiY, 48 c:|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

25

h cvw_e Kvb PvKwii Zvi cqvRb bB, wZwb GKgv cig Avivai
PvKwi MnY KiQb| Zvui kvfvRb wcZv mv_ mv_ GUv `qg Kijb
Ges ejjb h evweK, PvKwi wbq _vKj fvj| wK Zv GZ mvgwqK
DQvm wQj, hvi cfve Zvui Iqvj` mvne Pzc nq Mjb| bv nq Zvui
AvKvv GUvB wQj h cvwievwiK cfve cwZcw eRvq ivLvi Rb cy
Kvb bv Kvb vb PvKwi MnY Ki cvw_e Hkh jvf KiK| eZ:, ZvuK
PvKwii Dk Kvb Kvb vb ciY KivI nqwQj| wK Kv_vI Zvi
gb wUKjv bv| Aek, fwelr Rxeb Avjvn& ZvAvjvi c _K Zvui
Dci h gnvb Kvhfvi b nIqv wbavwiZ wQj, Zrmsv welq wZwb e
AwfZv jvf Kijb|

wkqvjKvU PvKwi :
1867 wLvi wbKUeZx mgq AwbQv mI KqK eQi ZvuK miKvwi
PvKwi KiZ nqwQj| GB PvKwii dj wZwb Pvi eQi wkqvjKvU Aevb
Kib| mLvb h AwfZv jvf Kib, m cm wZwb ejbt
GB AwfZv viv Avwg RvbZ cvijvg h, AwaKvsk PvKwiRxwe AZ
MwnZ Rxebhvcb Kib| Zv`i ga AwZ AmsLK jvKB cyivcyix
bvgvh-ivhv cvjb Kib Ges cixvi mgqhv Zv`i Rb DcwZ nqAea Avb` _K AvZiv Kib| me`v Avwg Zv`i gyL `L
Avvhvw^Z nqwQ| AwaKvskKB `LwQ ea ev Aeafve A_vcvRbi
gaB Zv`i mgK AvKvv mxgve| eRbiB w`evivwi hveZxq Pv
ay GB mvgwqK Rxebi cvw_e DbwZi Rb wbe _vKZ `LwQ| Avwg
PvKwiRxwe`i ga Lye AmsLK jvK Ggb cqwQ hviv ay Lv`v
ZvAvjvi gwngv iYc~eK DbZ Pwi, Mvxh, `qv, `vwY, mZZv, mshg,
webq I bgZv, m Rxei cwZ mnvbyf~wZkxjZv, cwe wPZv, ea Avnvi,
mZevw`Zv Ges cinRMvwii Y Yvw^Z| AwaKvskKB Anvi,
AbvPvi, ag welq ecivqv Ges bvbv cKvi nxb Pwi kqZvbi fvB
wnme `LwQ| hnZz Avjvn& ZvAvjvi GB nKgZ wQj h, me cKvi
me iKg gvbyli mK Avgvi AwfZv jvf nq, m Rb AvgvK me
aibi jvKi mv_ evm KiZ nqQ|1
(1) wKZveyj&-evwiqv, wZxq msiY, 153-154 c:|

26

nvqvZ ZvBqev

PvKwi KvivMvi :
wkqvjKvUi PvKwii mgq GKevi Zvui kqv gvZv nvqvZ bvg RbK
bvwcZ Gi gvag ZvK Pvi Rvov Kvco ciY Kib| `vbkxj ^fve
ekZt Zv _K GK Rvov e wZwb IB bvwcZK c`vb Kijb, A_P GUv
wekl hZ mnKvi Zvui RbB Zwi Kiv nqwQj| bvwcZ K_v cm ZvuK
PvKwi m^ wRvmv Kijv h, PvKwiwU wK Zvui cQ` nqQ? wZwb
ejjb, GwUZv KvivMvi wekl|1

Avjvn& ZvAvjv KZK wec` _K iv Kivi AjwKK NUbv :

wkqvjKvU hvIqvi ci c_gw`K ZvK SvvbIqvjvq `vZvjv Nii GKwU
K evm KiZ nq| GB Ki eviv`v f~cwZZ nIqv Ges gvRhv ^ic
Zvui KjvY emevmiZ ew`i meviB iv cvIqvi NUbv DjL cm
nhiZ AvK`vm ejb GK ivZ GK evwoi Dci Zvjvq Avwg NygvwQjvg|
GKB K Avgvi mv_ cbiv lvj ew NygvwQj| ivZ Qv`i
KwoKvV KoKo k nwQj| Avwg mevBK RvwMq ejjvg KwoKvVi
Aev AvkvRbK gb nQ| GLvb _K ei nIqv Riwi| Zviv
ejjb, gb nq, Kvb Bu`yi ne| fqi Kvb KviY bB| GB ej Zviv
Nywgq cojb| wKQzY ci Avevi Haibi k nj| ZLb Avwg
Zv`iK Avevi RvwMq Zzjjvg| wK Zey Zviv c Kijb bv| ZZxq
evi KwoKvV Avevi k njv| ZLb Avwg Zv`i mevBK Rvi Ki
DwVq Ni _K ei Ki w`jvg| mevB ewiq hvIqvi ci AvwgI mLvb
_K ei njvg| Avwg wmuwoi wZxq avc cv `qv gv Qv`wU wbP am
cijv Ges wZxq Qv`wUmn f~cwZZ nj| ejc~eK mevBK ei Kivq
mevB iv cj|2

wkqvjKvUi wKQz wKQz NUbv :

wZj Ni am civi ci nhiZ AvK`vm wKQz mgq Kvkxix gnjvq evm
Kib| Aekl wkqvjKvUi Rvg gmwR`i mvgb nvwKg gbme Avjx
mvne `wjj jLKi mv_ GKwU eVKLvbvq wKQzw`b _vKb| wZwb wgTv
dhj xb mvnei Kwb fvB Dgiv bvgK GK Kvkxixi evwoZ evm
(1) wmiZzj&-gvn`x, c_g L, 236 c:|
(2) nvqvZzb&-bex, c_g Rj&`, wZxq bs 170 c:|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

27

KiZb| ^qs MKvii GB evwo `Lvi myhvM nqwQj 1940 wLv|

wgTv dhj xb mvnei AvZxq`i ga KD AvgvK ejwQj ev, nhiZ
mvne m^ vZ wQjv h, wZwb KvU _K Gm `iRvq ceki ci
wcQb ZvwKq `iRvi KcvU e KiZb bv, KviY wcQbi Zjvi Kvb
AcwiwPZ xjvKi cwZ bRi bv co| Ni cek Ki c_g `yB nvZ
wcQb w`K Ki c_g `iRv e KiZb, Zvici wdi wkKj jvMvZb|
AZ:ci Ni KziAvb gRx` cvV Ges bvgvh `xN mR`v Kiv Qvov Zvui
Kvb KvR wQj bv| Kvb Kvb AvqvZ wjL `qvj SvjvZb Ges ci
Ijv m^ wPv KiZ _vKZb| Kvb Kvb mgq Awdmi KvR Kvb
Rwg`vi Zvi evwoZ Gm mvvr KiZ PvBj wZwb wgTv dhj xb
mvneK ejZb, wgTv dhj xb Zv`iK ej w`b h, Avwg Zv`i
KvR AwdmB Ki w`e| GLvb iY Kwiq `qvi cqvRb bB|
Rbmevi ciYvI Zvui A:KiY AZ cej wQj| gvmevcx PvKwii ci
Awdm _K h eZb wZwb Ni AvbZb, Zv _K Lvevi BZvw` eve`
mvgvb LiP nvZ iL Aewk UvKv w`q gnjvi weaev I AfveM
ew`i Kvco Zwi Ki w`Zb ev bM` eUb KiZb|1 wPwKrmv kvI
Zvui h_ eyrcw wQj| h ivMxB AvmZ, wZwb Zvi wPwKrmv KiZb Ges
AvivM jvfi Rb Avjvn& ZvAvjvi KvQ `vqv KiZb|

fviZelK wLvb Kivi `p m I GZ wkqvjKvUi f~wgKv :

1857 wLv wmcvnx we`vni ci BsiRiv fvjvfve eySZ cvij
kvmb eev Ges cPvi kwi gvag G`kevmxK wLvb KiZ bv cvij
cybivq we`vnRbK Aevi mw nIqv wewP bq| GB Dk jb eo
eo cwiKbv cYqb nZ jvMj| ewUk cvjvgUi GKRb m`m wg:
Gjm IB mgq wLvb`i Dk GKwU cvbvxcK eZvq ejb :
Lv`v ZvAvjv Avgv`iK myw`b w`qQb Ges fviZ mvgvRK Bsjvi
Aaxb Ki w`qQb hb wh Lxi weRq cZvKv fviZi GK cv _K
Aci cv ch Dxb nq| fviZelK wLvb Kivi gnvb KvRK c~YZv
`vb Kivi Dk cZKiB Zver kw eq Kiv KZe| GZ Kvb
cKvi kw_j Kiv DwPZ bq|
(1) wmivZzj-gvn`x, ZZxq L, 94 c:|

28

nvqvZ ZvBqev

1862 wLv Bsji cavbgx jW cvgwb Ges fviZ mwPe Pvjm

DWi KvQ GKwU cwZwbwa `j DcwZ nq| jW mfv Ges mvaviY mfvi
m`mMY QvovI AviI AbK MYgvb ew GZ wQjb| Bsjvi me
cavb cv`x KUvievixi AvP wekc GB cwZwbwa`i cwiPq Kwiq `b|
fviZ mwPe GB cwZwbwa`iK j Ki ejb:
Avgvi cZq AvQ h, fviZel wLag `xv MnYKvix cZK be
wLvb Bsjvi mv_ GK bZzb GKZvm~ Ave ne Ges ewUk
mvgvRK my`~p Kivi Rb m GK bZzb Mw^ic ne|1
wLvb`i cavb cavb gwj jvi G cKvi Pv-PwiZ _K Z:
cZxqgvb nq h, wLvb RvwZ gb KiwQjv Zviv wLvb agi cPvi
cyivcywi Rvi w`j AKvji gaB Zviv Zv`i Awfcvq wmw jvf
KiZ cvie Ges `ki AwaKvsk AwaevmxK wLvb Ki mvgvRK `p
wfwZ cwZwZ KiZ mg_ ne| cvvei wgkb jvi ga wkqvjKvU
wgkbi GKwU ``xcgvb weklZ wQj| KviY, GB wgkb `k ivi GK
wekl cwiKbv Abymvi vwcZ nq| nhiZ AvK`vmi viv zk f
Kivi KvR MnY Kiv Avjvn ZvAvjvi Afx wQj| GRb wZwb Zvui cKwZi
ga wLvb agi cwZKj GK AmvaviY D`gi mw Kib Ges cvi
Kvj _KB Gi Rb myhvM DcwZ KiZ _vKb|

cv`x evUjvi mvne Gg. G.i Dci nhiZ AvK`vmi ewZi

cfve :
h me cv`x mvnei mv_ Zvui ag welq gZ wewbgqi myhvM nqwQj,
Zvi ga cv`x evUjvi mvne Gg. G. k ew wQjb| Zvui eZv I
hywmg~n cv`x mvnei `q Ggbfve cfve wevi KiwQj h, wZwb
cvqB KvPvwii kl mgq nhiZ AvK`vmi KvQ DcwZ nq Zvui mv_
Avjvc KiZb Zvui evmvb ch hZb Ges AZ wP mB QvU
MnwUZ Zvui m emZb| Kvb Kvb mxY-PZv wLvb cv`x mvneK
GZ evav c`vb Kijv Ges ejjv h GUv Zvui c gvbnvwbKi Ges
(1) Djvgv-G-nK& AvIi DbK gyRvnv`vbv Kvibvgv RwgqZzj- Djvgv-Gwn`i bvRg gjvbv mq` wgTv mvne cYxZ, 25-26 c:|
(2) The Mission by R. Clerk 1904 Page 234 (vide Life of Ahmad, by A.R. Dard
M.A. Ex. Muslim Missionary, London.)

nvqvZ ZvBqev

29

wgkbi cI AcgvbRbK| wK cv`x mvne GKv Mxi I kvfve

cZzi Kijb :
wZwb GKRb gnvgvbe| wZwb AZzjbxq| Zvgiv Zv eySZ cvibv| Avwg
ek eywS|1

wLxq gZev`i g:eagvb cvebi cwZiva :

wkqvjKvU Aevb Kvj wLvb agi g:eagvb cvebK wZwb Ggb
my`i, `p I myPvifve Zvui kwkvjx hyw viv cwZnZ Kib h, k
wg mevB Zvui KvQ civRq ^xKvi Kib| wbg Avgiv mvgmyj Djvgv
gjvbv mq` gxi nvmvb mvne gig wkqvjKvUxi `ywU wevwiZ mv
wjwce KiwQ, hvi gvag fve Rvbv hve h wZwb Kgb c~Z-cwe
Rxebhvcb KiZb Ges Bmjvgi c mg_b wZwb Kgb iZc~Y fywgKv
cvjb KiwQjb|

wkqvjKvU Aevb mK gjvbv mq` gxi nvmvb mvnei

c_g weewZ :
cvPi weLvZ E`~ Kwe Wv: mvi gvnv` BKevji Iv` gig mvgmyj
Djvgv Rbve gjvbv mq` gxi nvmvb mvne ejQb : nhiZ wghv mvne
1864 wLv PvKwi Dcj wkqvjKvU AvMgb Kib Ges mLvb
Aevb Kib| wZwb wbRbZv wcq I mvay ew wQjb| wZwb hveZxq evR
I Ah_v KvR I K_v _K weiZ _vKZb| GRb AwaKvsk mvaviY
jvKi mv_ mvvZ Ah_v mgqi AcPq nq ej wZwb Zv cQ` KiZb
bv| DwKj jvjv fxg mb mvne Zuvi GKv ez wQjb| Zvi gvZvgn wgVb
jvj evUvjvq AwZwi mnKvix KgKZv wQjb| evUvjvq wghv mvne Ges
jvjv mvnei cii cwiPq wQj| GBRb wkqvjKvUI Zvu`i c~Y
`Zv AzY wQj| wkqvjKvU wghv mvnei mevcv Ai ez hw`
KD wQj Zv jvjv mvneB wQjb| jvjv mvne GKRb kv cKwZi,
dviwm fvlvwe` Ges gavex ew wQjb| wghv mvne we`vbyivMx wQjb
ej wZwb ZvK AZ fvjevmZb|
wghv mvnei cvwZ mK Awdmi KgPvixiv AcwiwPZ wQj| IB
(1) wgTv givR xb mvne Dgi wjwLZ, nhiZ gmxn gvID`i msw Rxeb PwiZ,
PZz_ msiYi evivnxb Avn&g`xqvi mv_ mvshvwRZ, 56 c:|

30

nvqvZ ZvBqev

eQiB Mxi cvi gynv` mvjn bvg GK Avie hyeK kni AvMgb
Ki| ZvK Pi ej m`n Kiv nq| WcywU Kwgkbvi nwiKmb mvne
(ci wZwb ivIqvjwcw wefvMi Kwgkbvi nqwQjb) Zvi Av`vjZ
gynv` mvjnK wRvmvev` Kivi Dk Zje Kib| `vfvlxi
cqvRb nj| wghv mvne hnZz Aviwe fvlvq eyrcw ivLZb Ges
AviweZ Dgic eZv w`Z I iPbv wjLZ cviZb mRb ZvuK WK
Av`k w`jb, Avwg h me K_v ejev Zv Avie mvneK wRvmv Ki
Gi Di D`yZ AvgvK wjL w`b| wghv mvne GB KvR h_vhvMfve
mv`b Kib| ZLb Zvui hvMZv jvK mgyL cwZfvZ nj|
m mgqB gjex Gjvwn eKm mvnei cPvq, whwb wkv cwZvb
jvi Pxd gynviivi wQjb (eZgvb GB c`i bvg zj jvi Rjv
Bbmci) KvPvixi Kivwb`i BsiwR wkvi Rb GKwU bk we`vjq
vwcZ nq| cbkbfvMx Wvvi gxi kvn& mvne AavcK wbhy nb| wghv
mvneI BsiwR wkv i Kib Ges `y GKwU BsiwR cyK cvV Kib|1
ZLb ag AvjvPbvq wghv mvnei cMvp AbyivM wQj| cv`x mvne`i
mv_ cvqB Zvui AvjvPbv nZv| GK `kxq wLvb cv`x AvjvBkv mvnei
mv_ Zvui weZK nqwQj| cv`x mvne nvRxcyivi `wY w`K GKwU KzwVZ
evm KiZb| cv`x mvne ejjb wLvb ag MnY Kiv eZxZ gyw
meci bq| wghv mne gywi A_ wRvmv Kijb Ges wevwiZ evLv
PvBjb| cv`x mvne Kvb wevwiZ evLv w`jb bv| ZK _K GB ej
wbe njb h, wZwb Kvb cKvi hywwe`v cvV Kibwb|
cv`x evUjvi mvne Gg. G. GKRb eo we ew I `vkwbK wQjb| wghv
mvnei mv_ Zvui eevi agvjvPbv nq| wZwb Mvn`cyi Mvgi cvk evm
KiZb| GKevi cv`x mvne ejjb, gmxn webv wcZvq RbMnY Kivi
ga GB inm wbwnZ wQj h wZwb Kzgvix gixqgi Mf Rb nIqvq
Av`gi cvci DivwaKvi _K gy wQjb| KviY, Av`g cvcx wQjb|
wghv mvne ejjb, gixqgI Av`gi eskai| myZivs Av`gi
DivwaKvi _K gy nIqvi A_ wK? AwaK xjvKB Av`gK KzgYv
c`vb Ki| dj Av`g wbwl ei dj Lq cvcx nqwQjb| myZivs
gmxni Rb mske _KI gy _vKv DwPZ wQj| GZ cv`x mvne wbii
(1) mKvj c_g cyK eY cwiPq _vKZ Ges wZxq cyK Ai-mshvM mnRk
MVbi cvv_wgK Abykxjb _vKZ| (wmivZzj&-gvn`x, c_g L, wZxq msiY, 159 c:)

nvqvZ ZvBqev

31

iBjb| cv`x evUjvi mvne wghv mvneK AZ mvb KiZb| Zvui

mv_ AZ kvi mv_ K_v-evZv ejZb| wghv mvnei cwZ cv`x
mvnei AZ fvjevmv wQj| cv`x mvne wejvZ cZvMgbi mgq wghv
mvnei mv_ mvvZi Rb Av`vjZ Avmb| WcywU Kwgkbvi mvne
cv`x mvnei AvMgbi Dk m^ wRvmv Kijb| cv`x mvne Di
ejjb, wghv mvnei mv_ mvvrKvii Rb wZwb AvMgb KiQb| wZwb
`k Pj hvQb ZvB wghv mvnei mv_ kl mvvr Kieb| GRb
wghv mvne hLvb emwQjb, mLvb wMq gSi Dci emjb Ges
nhiZ AvK`vm Gi mv_ mvvr Ki we`vq njb|
wghv mvne cv`x`i mv_ ZK KiZ weklfve cQ` KiZb ej,
Rjii gyiv` eM whwb wbRi Qbvg c_g kKv Ges ci
gyqvnn` ivLb, wghv mvneK ejjb, mq` Avng` Lvb mvne
ZivZ I Bwji fvl wjLQb| Avcwb Zvi mv_ cvjvc Kij AbK
mvnvh cveb| dj, wghv mvne mvi mq`K AviweZ c wjLb|
Av`vjZi Kivbx`i ga Awdmi f~Zc~e gynvdR kL Avjvn&-`v`
mvne gigi mv_ Zvui AZ cxwZ Ges AKwg cMvp fvjevmv wQj|
knii cvPxb`i ga gjex gvneye Avjx mvnei mv_ wghv mvnei
AvwiK cxwZi mK wQj| gjex mvne GKRb wbRbevmx, m`v
DcvmbviZ AZ mvay Ges be`x ZwiKvi GKRb mywd wQjb|
h eVKLvbvq wghv mvne `wjj wjLK nvKxg gbme Avjxi mv_ GK
evm KiZb, Zv evRvii Dci wQj Ges nvKxg mvgywb mvne gigi1
Jlavjq Lye KvQ wQj| GB Jlavjq nvKxg mvnei Ilya cZi
DcKiY _vKZ| GLvb Ilya wew nZ Ges GUvB Zvi wPwKrmvjq wQj|
GB KviY nvKxg mvne Ges wghv mvnei ga cwiPq NU| nvKxg
mvne wghv mvnei KvQ KvbybPv Ges gvRhi wKQz Ask Aaqb
Kib|
wghv mvne PvKwi cQ` KiZb bv| GRb wZwb gyvwi cixvi Rb
cwZ i Kib Ges AvBbi cyKvw` cvV KiZ jvMjb| wK cixvq
(1) cixvq KZKvh bv nIqvi GKwU evwnK KviYI wQj| 22 Rb cixv_x cixv
w`qwQjb| bvivqb wmsn bvgK GK ew cixvq `yywg KiZ wMq aiv co|
dj, mKj cixv_xKB dj ej NvlYv Kiv nq| (wmivZzj&-gvn&`x, ZZxq L
179 c: cwZ `exivgi weewZ|)

32

nvqvZ ZvBqev

mdjZv jvf KiZ cvijb bv1 wK cKviB ev Zv KiZ cviZb? cvw_e

KvRi Rb Zv Zvui Rb nqwb| eZ: weavZv cZK gvbylKB wekl
KvRi Rb mw KiQb|
IB mgq cvve BDwbfvwmwU bZzb cwZwZ nq| mLvb Aviwe
AavcKi cqvRb wQj| gvwmK eZb 100 UvKv| Avwg Zvui L`gZ
AviR Kijvg, Avcwb `iLv w`b| Aviwe fvlvq Avcbvi eyrcw AvQ,
Avwg wbwZ Avcwb GB c` wbhy neb| wZwb ejjb, Avwg Aacbv
cQ` Kwi bv| AbK vbvRbi ci e `yg Ki Ges we`vK Aea
KvRi Dcvq I A ic eenvi Ki| Avwg GB AvqvZ ewYZ
mZKevYxK AZ fq Kwi| Avjvn ZvAvjv ejQb ejQb :
1

GB Di _K evSv hvq, wZwb KZ mvay-cvY wQjb|

GKevi KD GKRb wRvmv KiwQj, bex`i ^c`vl nq bv Kb? wZwb
ejjb, bex`i RvMZ Ges wbw`Z Dfq Aevq Kejgv cwe wPvB _vK|
bvcvK wPv Zvu`i `q vb cvq bv| GRb Zvu`i wb`vZI ^c`vl nq bv|
GKevi cvkvK m^ AvjvPbv Pj| KD ejjv, Lye PIov gyix`vi
(wXjv) cvqRvgv fvj| wghv mvne ejjb, jvvb AveiYi Rb mxY
gyixhy cvqRvgv AwZ Dg| GZ AwaK c`v nq| KviY, Gw`q Rwgb
_KI c`v Kiv hvq| mevB GB AwfgZ cQ` Kij|
Aekl, wghv mvne PvKwiZ exZk nq 1868 mvj c`ZvM Ki
GLvb _K Pj hvb| 1877 mvj GKevi wZwb Avmb Ges jvjv fxg
mbi evwoZ Aevb Kib| wbgY Dcj wZwb nvKxg gxi mvgyxb
mvnei evwoZ hvb| GB eQi mvi mq` Avng` Lvb div jv
(ZvK gv Kiv nDK) KziAvb kixdi Zdmxi cYqb i Kib| wZb
iKzi Zdmxi Avgvi KvQ cuQvj| hLb Avwg Ges kL Avjvn&-`v` mvne
wghv mvnei gyjvKvZi Rb jvjv fxg mb mvnei evwoZ hvB ZLb
K_v cm mvi mq` mvnei m^ AvjvPbv nq| BwZga Zdmxi
wbqI AvjvPbv i nq| Avwg ejjvg, wZb iKzi Zdmxi Avgvi nvZ
cuQQ| GZ A_vr Zdmxi `vqv Ges Iwn AeZiYi welq weZK Kiv
(1) A_vr dik&ZvMYK ejv ne, hviv Abvq KiQ, Zv`iK Ges Zv`i mxK
GKwZ Ki| (m~ivn& Avm&-mvd& dvZ, 23 AvqvZ)|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

33

nqQ| wghv mvne ejjb, AvMvgxKvj Avcwb Avmvi mgq Zdmximn

Avmeb| ciw`b hLb mLvb Mjvg, ZLb Zdmxii Dfq vbB wZwb
bjb| wZwb m njb bv Ges Zdmxi cQ` Kijb bv| jLK- gxi
nvmvb|1

gjvbv mq` gxi nvmvb mvnei wZxq weewZ :

nhiZ wghv mvne c_g Kvwkix gnjvq GB Aagi MwieLvbvi Lye KvQB
Dgiv bvgK GK Kvwkixi evwo fvov wbq emevm KiZb| Av`vjZ _K
Gm KziAvb kixd cvV wbgM nZb| em, `uvwoq Ges cuvqPvix KiZ
KiZ ZjvIqvZ KiZ _vKZb Ges Lye Kvu`Zb| Gic fq I fw
mnKvi cvV KiZb hvi Kvb Zzjbv bB| Z`vbxb c_vbymvi
mvvrcv_x ewMY KgKZv`i KvQ hfve DcwZ nZb, Zvui mvvr
cv_xivI Zvui L`gZ mfve DcwZ nZb| DwjwLZ evwoi gvwjK
Dgivi eo fvB dhj xb mvne gnjvi GKRb cZvckvjx jvK wQjb|
wZwb ZvK WK ejZb, wgTv dhj xb, Zv`iK eywSq ej w`b
GLvb Gm Zv`i Ges Avgvi mgq b bv Kib| Avwg wKQz KiZ cvwi
bv| Avwg nvKxg bB| Avgvi hv KZe AwdmB Zv Ki Avwm| dhj xb
mvne Zv`iK eywSq we`vq Ki w`Zb| gjex Ave`yj Kwig mvneI
GB gnjvq RbMnY Kib Ges GLvbB heb c`vcY Kib| wZwb ci
wghv mvnei wekl mnPi`i ga MY nb|
AZ:ci, Rvg gmwR`i mvgb wghv mvne GKwU eVKLvbvq gbme Avjx
nvKxgi m GK evm KiZb| wZwb (A_vr gbme Avjx) `wjj
wjLKi c` cwZwZ wQjb| eVKLvbvi KvQ dhj xb bvg GKRb
e `vKvb`vi wQjb| wZwb ivZI `vKvbB _vKZb| Zvi AwaKvsk
ez-eve mvi ci `vKvb AvmZb| Zviv mevB fvj gvbyl wQjb|
Kvb Kvb mgq wghv mvneI mLvb hZb Ges mgq mgq wgkb zji
nW gvvi bmijvn bvg RbK wLvbI mLvb DcwZ nZb| wghv
mvne Ges nWgvi mvnei ga ag welq cvqB ZK nZv| wghv
mvnei fvlY DcwZ ewiv DcKZ nZb|
gjex gvneye Avjg mvne GKRb eyRyM, cig mvay, mr I mvaK cyil
(1) wmiZzj-gvn`x, c_g L, c_g msiY 154 c:|

34

nvqvZ ZvBqev

wQjb| wghv mvne Zvi KvQI hZb Ges jvjv fxg mbKI gjex
mvnei KvQ hvIqvi Rb ZvwM` KiZb| dj, wZwbI KLbv KLbv
gjex mvnei KvQ hZb| hLwb cxigywi`x Ges eqAvZi welq wbq
AvjvPbv nZ, ZLb wghv mvne ejZb h gvbyli c ^qs Pv I
cwikg Kiv DwPZ| Avjvn ZvAvjv ejb,1
gjvex gvneye Avjg mvne GZ ivM nq ejZb h, eqAvZ eZxZ c_
cvIqv hvq bv| ag welq wghv mvnei kZ I cvavb Zv mycKvwkZ|
wK ewnKfve kvixwiK `oI Zvui kZ ZLbKvi DcwZ ew`i
gaI cwivifve cwZcb nqwQj|
evcviwU Gfve NU| GKevi KvUi KvR mi KgPvixiv Ni
wdiwQjv| ZLb `Z `ovevi Ges cwZhvwMZvi welq AvjvPbv nq|
cZKB AwaK `Z `ovevi `vwe Kij| Aekl, RbK wejv wmsn
mevcv AwaK `ovevi `vwe Kij| wghv mvne ejjb, Avgvi mv_
`ovI| `Lv hve, K KZ `Z `ovZ cvi| Aekl kL Bjvn`v`
mvne wePviK wbhy njb Ges wi nj, mLvb _K KvUi ivv I
knii gaeZx mxgviLv mZz ch Lvwj cvq `oveb| RyZvwj GK
ew Zzj ivLjb| c_g GK ewK cyji Dci ciY Kiv nj hvZ
mv w`Z cvi h K cwZhvwMZvq Rqx nqQ| mZzi Dci c_g
cuQ wghv mvne Ges ci wejv wmsn GKB mgq `o| Abiv mvaviY
MwZZ wcQb iIqvbv njb| mZzi Dci cuQ Rvbv Mj nhiZ wghv
mvneB Rqx nqQb Ges wejv wmsn wcQb iqQ|2
MKvii webxZ wbe`b GB h, D cKvi agxq ghv`v mwKZ GKwU
NUbv nhiZ gjex BmgvCj knx` (in.) Gi RxebI NU| GKRb wkL
mvZvii mv_ Zvui cwZhvwMZv nqwQj Ges wZwb ZvK civwRZ
KiwQjb|

gybwk wmivRDxb mvnei mv :

Rwg`vi cwKvi mv`K cwm gymjgvb bZv gjex Rvdi Avjx Lvu
mvnei kq wcZv gybwk wmivRDxb mvne gig wjLQb :
(1) hviv Avgv`i c_ mvabv Ki, wbqB Avgiv Zv`iK Avgv`i c_ c`kb Ki
_vwK (myiv AvbKveyZ, kl AvqvZ)
(2) wmivZzj-gvn`x, c_g L, wZxq msiY, 270-72 c:|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

35

wghv Mvjvg Avng` mvne meZ 1860 A_ev 1861 wLv1

wkqvjKvU Rjvq gynviivi wQjb| Avgiv cZ KiwQ hebI wZwb
cig mvay, agcivqY I eyRyM wQjb| Awdmi KvR-Kgi ci Zvui me
mgq agvbykxjb AwZevwnZ nZ| memvaviYi mv_ AB gjvgkv
KiZb|2

PvKwi Qo Kvw`qvb cZvMgbi Rb wcZvi wb`k :

nhiZ AvK`vm wkqvjKvU nZ PvKwi Qo Avmvi KviY mK wjLQb :
Aekl, Avgvi Ab _vKv kq wcZvi KvQ AZ Amnbxq nq
DVj| GRb Avgvi gZi AbyKj Zvi Av`k Avwg c`ZvM Ki Avgvi
iwP wei GB PvKwi _K gyw jvf Ki kq wcZvi L`gZ DcwZ
njvg| gmbex cYZv igxi Dw Abyhvqx Avgvi IB w`bwj AZ NYv,
AwbQv Ges `y:L KUwQj:

Avwg mKj `j gbi gvbyli mvb Ku` wdiwQ| myLx I `ytLx mKj
`jB wfowQ| cZKB wbR ^v_ Avgvi ez mRQ| wK Avgvi
Aii inm KD Abymvb Kij bv|3

kqv gvZvi BKvj -1868 mvj :

Zvui kq wcZv hLb ZvuK c`ZvM Ki Ni cZveZbi Rb wb`k
`b, ZLb Zvui kqv gvZv Kvw`qvb KwVb ivM Avv wQjb| gb nq
ivM khvq Zvui kqv gv ZvuK Ni wdwiq Avbvi Rb Zvui kq
wcZvK Abyiva Kib| cyi Rb gvZvi Ai AZ mn wQj|
Lv`vf wcq cy `xN Pvi eQi `~i _vKvq Zvui gb D`vm nIqv ^vfvweK
wQj| wZwb hLb AgZmi cuQ Kvw`qvbi Rb Nvov Mvwoi eev
KiwQjb, ZLb Kvw`qvb _K AviI GK ew ZvuK Avbvi Rb AgZmi
(1) mvj Ges eqm wbicY gybwk mvnei iY kw wekZv iv Kiwb| cKZc
Zv 1864-68 wLvi GB NUbv|
(2) Rwg`vi cwKv, g, 1908 mvj|
(3) wKZveyj evwiqv, wZxq msiY, 153-55 c: nvwkqv|

36

nvqvZ ZvBqev

cuQj| IB ew MvwoIqvjvK ejj, `Z Mvwo PvjvI| Zvui gvqi

Aev Lvivc| GKUz ci ejj, LyeB mUvcb wQj| ZvovZvwo Ki,
cvQ Zvui gZz bv nq _vK| GUv kvbvgv wZwb eySZ cvijb h, Zvui
kqv gvZv BKvj KiQb| Kvw`qvb cuQ wbwZfve Rvbjb, Zvui
kqv gvZv cijvK Mgb KiQb| Bbv wjjvn Iqv Bbv BjvBn
ivRDb|1
wbqB Avgiv Avjvi Rb Ges wbqB Avgiv ZvuiB w`K cZveZb
Kvix|
hw`I Zvui c gvZweqvM fxlY e`bv`vqK wQj, wK wZwb bxie c~Y
ah I hi mv_ GB gnvkvK m^iY Kijb| BwZc~e ejv nqQ h,
Zvui kq wcZv ZvuK mvsmvwiK welq-Kg wbwj Ges agM mg~n cvV
wbgM `L gvjv ej WvKZb | wK Gi wecixZ Zuvi kqv gvZv
Zvi mZZv agcivqYZv Ges cwe Rxebhvcbi Rb ZvuK AZ mn
KiZb| Zvui Rb gvZvi Acvi mn wQj| z` z` evcvi Zvui Rb
Awi nq coZb| wZwb Zuvi hveZxq cqvRbi cwZ j ivLZb|
kqv gvZvi Rb nhiZ AvK`vmi gvqv Gi gvag mnR Abygvb Kiv
hvq h, hLbB Zvui m^ wZwb Kvb K_v ejZb Zvui PvL w`q Ak
SiZ _vKZ| Zvui Rxebx jLK nhiZ kL BqvKze Avjx Bidvbx mvne
(ivwh Avjv Avb) cZ eYbv, GKevi hyi AvjvBnm mvjvg gY
Dcj cvwievwiK cvPxb Kievbi w`K iIqvbv nb| ivv _K mi
wZwb AveMfi Zvui gvZv mvnevi Keii cvk mnPiMYmn GK `xN
`vqv Kijb| Zvui `y PvL Akwm wQj|2
Zvui kqv gvZv nhiZ PivM wewe mvnevi gZzi ZvwiL GLb ch
wbw`ic Rvbv hvqwb| GUv wbwZ 1868 mvj wZwb gZzeiY Kib|
ZuvK Kvw`qvbi cwg w`K C`Mvni msjM cvPxb Lv`vbx Mvivb
mgvwnZ Kiv nq|

cvijwKK welq nhiZ wghv Mvjvg gyZhv mvnei AbyivM :

nhiZ wghv Mvjvg gyZhv mvne hLb c~ecyil`i mw Dvii Rb
gvgjv gvKgvq AeZxY nb, ZLb Avcb KZKvhZv m^ Zvui m~Y
(1) wmivZzj-gvn`x, c_g L, wZxq msiY, 43-44 c:
(2) nvqvZ Avng`, c_g L, wZxq msLv 143 c:|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

37

cZq wQj| wK `xNKvj ai GB me gvKgvi UvbvUvwbZ wj _K

hLb mdjZv jvf nj bv eis Kivq mw I mwZ ab web nZ
`LZ cjb, ZLb ZvK AZ wPvw^Z _vKZ `Lv hZ| Rxeb
mwbxi weqvM e`bv ZvK AviI fvivv Ki Zzjjv|

nhiZ AvK`vm GB me NUbvi AvjvPbv cm wjLQb

Avwg hLb Avgvi wcZvi L`gZ cybivq DcwZ njvg, ZLb `i gZ
IB me Rwg`vixi KvR-KgB wbqvwRZ njvg| wK AwaKvsk mgq
KziAvb kixd wbq wPv Ges Zdmxi I nvw`mi wKZvemg~n covbv Ki
KvUZ jvMjv| AbK mgq kq wcZvK IB me cyK cvV Ki
kvbvZvg| Iqvj` mvne Zvi AKZKvhZvi Rb cvqB kvKvZ I
wPwZ _vKZb| gvKgv cwiPvjbvq Zvi cvq 70 nvRvi UvKv eq
nqwQj| cwiYvg, mdjZv jvf nqwb| KviY Avgv`i wcZ-wcZvgn`i
Mvgjv e eQi AvMB Avgv`i nvZQvov nqwQj Gme cybivi Kiv
GK cKvi LvgLqvwj wQj| GB wedjZvi KviY kq wcZv AZ Mfxi
kvK mvc I AwiZvi ga mgq AwZevwnZ KiwQjb| GB me Aev
`L Avgvi wbRi ga GK cwe cwieZb Avbvi myhvM nj| KviY
kq wcZvi welv`gq Rxebi wP AvgvK mB wbj Rxeb jvfi
wkv c`vb KiwQj, hv cvw_e c_ _K cwe| hw`I nhiZ wghv
mvnei f~mwi wKQz Mvg Aewk wQj Ges BsiR miKvii c _K
wKQz evwlK ewI avh wQj Ges PvKwi Kvji cb&kb wQj, wK wZwb h,
we efe `LwQjb mB Zzjbvq Gwj wKQzB wQj bv| GRb wZwb me`v
wPvw^Z I welY _vKZb Ges evisevi ejZb, GB cvw_e msmvii Rb
hZ Pv KiwQ, hw` Avwg agi Dk Abyic Pv KiZvg, Ze AvR
meZ Avwg GKRb KzZze ev mgmvgwqK MvDm nZ cviZvg| wZwb
cvqB GB Qov Avew KiZb :
(Rxeb AwZevwnZ nj, Avi KqKwU w`bgv Aewk AvQ| ZvuK iY
Ki wKQz ivZ KvbvKvwU Ki fvi KivB kq|)
Avwg AbK mgq `LwQ wZwb ^iwPZ GKUv Qov M`M`fve cvV KiZb|
Zv wQj GB :

38

nvqvZ ZvBqev

n cwZZ cveb, wbivkqi Avkq, Zvgvi vi nZ wegyL nq divi

Avkv bB|
KLbv AvwiK e`bvq ^iwPZ G Kvec` cvV KiZb :
(f`i AkI `xbnxbZv mnAvgvi `q Zvui Zi i ibi gvS Zvc
jvf Ki|)1

Kcyi_jv ivRi wkv wefvMi DPZi c` cZvLvb :

wkqvjKvU _K Kvw`qvb Avmvi wKQzw`b ci nhiZ AvK`vmK Kcyi_jv
ivRi c _K wkv wefvMi cavb KZvi c` MnYi Rb Avnevb Kiv
nq| GB Avnvb cZvLvb Dcj wZwb Zvui wcZvi KvQ wbe`b
Kijb:
Avwg Kvb PvKwi KiZ PvB bv| `yB Rvov Lii Kvco Zwi Ki
w`eb Ges hgb cQ` iwU cvwVq w`eb|
Zvui kq wcZvi Rxeb ZLb my cwieZb NUwQj| cyi GB Di
b RbK Mvjvg bexK AveMfi m^vab c~eK ejjb, wgTv Mvjvg
bex, GB welqB Zv Avgvi mw| mZ c_ GUvB h c_ m PjQ|2

cvw_e Svgjv _K m~Yfve gy _vKvi Rb wcZvi KvQ

Ave`b :
wcZvi gb cwieZb Ges agi cwZ gbvwbek `L wZwb Abyfe KiZ
cvijb h, GLb Zvui KvQ cvw_e Svgjv m~Yfve Aemi cvwi Rb
Ave`b Kij meZ: wZwb gyi Kieb| eZ: GUvK myeY myhvM gb
Ki wZwb kq wcZvi KvQ dviwm fvlvq GKwU Ave`bc wjLjb|
wbg Zv DjL Kiv njv :

(1) wKZveyj-evwiqv, wZxq msiY, 155-56 c:|

(2) nvqvZzb&-bex, c_g L, wZxq msLv, 185 c:|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

39

cwUi Abyev` GB :
kq nhiZ Iqvj` mvne mvjvgZ,
kvi mv_ Avcbvi L`gZ meKi webxZ wbe`b GB h, AvRKvj
^P `LwQ Ges cwZw`b cZ KiwQ cZK `k I f~-L cwZ eQi
Ggbfve gnvgvwii cv`yfve nQ, ezK ezi KvQ _K Ges AvZxqK
AvZxqi KvQ _K wewQb KiQ Ges Ggb Kvb eQi hvQ bv h, fxlY
AwMKv I fqven `yNUbv cKvk cvQbv ev Gi asm-jxjvi gvag
wKqvgZ m`k Kvjvnj mw nQ bv| GB me Aev `L Avgvi gb
msmvi weivMx nq MQ, `q `ytL gwjb nqQ Ges cvqB nhiZ kL
mv`x wmivRx ingZzjvn AvjvBn iwPZ GB cOwq iY nQ Ges
Avc I AbykvPbvi AkcvZ KiwQ h :
bki Rxebi Dci fimv Kviv bv,
Kvj-P _K eLei _Kv bv|
dviiL Kvw`qvbxi1 w`Iqvb _KI GB cOwq Avgvi KvuUv Nvq jeY
(1) wmiZzj gvn`x, c_g L, wZxq msiY, 255-56 c: Ges `vIqvZzj-Avgxi,
(D`y) 261 c:|

40

nvqvZ ZvBqev

wQUv w`Q :
bki RMZi ga gb w`e bv
KviY gZz `evr DcwZ nq|
GRb Avwg PvB, Aewk Rxeb wbRb, bxie K hvcb Kwi Ges
RbmvaviY I Zv`i gRwjm _K `~i _vwK Ges cwe Avjvn ZvAvjvK
iY KiZ wbgM nB hb G w`q AZxZi wU c~iY nq|
AwaKvsk Rxeb AwZevwnZ nqQ,KqKwU w`bgv Aewk AvQ| GB
ivZjv AvjvnK iY fvi KivB kq|
KviY, cw_exi Kvb `pwfw bB Ges Rxebi Kvb wekvm bB| wYK
Rxebi Kvb fimv bB| h ew wbRi m^ wPvkxj, Zvi Kvb
wec`i Avkv bB|
nhiZ AvK`vmi kq wcZv GB ci wK Di w`qwQjb Zv AvR ch
Rvbv hvqwb| wK Lye me GB c h g~jevb fveveM cKvk cqQ,
wZwb wbqB Gi ghv`v iv KiwQjb|

AvaywbK MelYv g~j mec_g Bjnvg Ges Dj fwelr :

1868 A_ev 1869 wLvi NUbv| cvve Avnj nv`xm mc`vqi
wei ZLb fxlY Av`vjb PjwQj| hw` Kvb gmwR`i gvjv RvbZ
cviZ h, Kvb Avnj-nv`xm (Zv`i fvlvq Kvb Invex) bvgvh coQ,
Ze Kvb Kvb mgq gmwR`i gS ch Luyo dj `qv A_ev ayq
djv nZ| IB mgq gjex gynv` mvqb mvne evUvjex, w`jx _K
gjex mq` bvwhi mvqb `njexi KvQ wkv jvf kl evUvjvq me
gv wdi GmQb| gymjgvb RbmvaviYi ga Zvi wei fxlY
DRbvi mw nqQ| nhiZ AvK`vm Kvb KvRi Rb evUvjv
wMqwQjb| AvjvPbvi Rb wekl Abyivai KviY GK ew ZvuK
gjex gynv` mvqb mvnei evwoZ wbq hvb| mLvb gjex
mvnei wcZvI DcwZ wQjb| ag welq AvjvPbv kvbvi Rb e jvK
evKzj nq Acv KiwQj| wZwb gjex gynv` mvqb mvnei mvgb
wMq emjb Ges gjex mvneK wRm Kijb, Avcbvi `vwe wK?
(1) IB mgq nhiZ AvK`vm AvjvBnm& mvjvg GB Kve bvg eenvi KiZb Ges
GB cswZq ZvuiB iwPZ|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

41

gjex mvne ejjb, Avgvi gZ KziAvb gRx` mKji cavb Ges Zvi
ci imyj (mv.) Gi nvw`mi vb; Ges Avgvi AwfgZ njv, Avjvni
wKZve Ges Avjvni imyj (mv.) Gi nvw`mi wei Kvb gvbyli Kvb
gZvgZ cgvY wnme MnYhvM bq| GB K_v b AmvP hyi ejjb,
Avcbvi GB gZ m~Y hwK Ges Gi wei Avcw APj| myZivs
Avcbvi mv_ ZKi cqvRb bB| hyi GwU ejv gv RbZv Dbv`i gZ
wPrKvi Ki DVj, civwRZ nqQ, civwRZ nqQ| h ewwekl
Abybq Ki ZvuK mLvb GbwQj, m-I LyeB ivMvw^Z nq ejjv,
Avcwb Avgv`iK Acgvb KiQb, jvwZ KiQb| wK wZwb ceZi
gZv APj, AUj iBjb| jvKi Kvjvnj, Kjie ZvuK Av` wePwjZ
Kijv bv| hnZz wZwb GB ZK ay Avjvni Dk cwiZvM KiwQjb,
m Rb Avjvn ZvAvjv GB evcvi m nq ZvuK Bjnvg Ki Rvbvjb :
1

(Lv`v Zvgvi GB KvR m nqQb Ges wZwb ZvgvK e Avwkm

c`vb Kieb| Ggb wK, ev`kvn Zvgvi Kvco _K Avwkm Abymvb
Kie|) AZtci, Kvkd wZwb IB mKj ev`kvnKI `kb Kib| Zviv
6/7 Rbi Pq Kg wQjb bv| Zviv Nvovq emwQjb| hyi AvjvBnm&
mvjvg Zvui GKwU Aviwe KZve GB Kvkd cm wjLQb :
Avwg GKwU f ^c GK `j wbvevb gvgb I bvqcivqY ev`kvn
`LwQ| Zv`i KD GB `ki (fviZeli) wQjb, KD wQjb
Aviei, KD cvimi, KD wmwiqvi, KD Zzii Ges KD Abvb
`ki wQjb| Avwg Zv`iK RvbZvg bv| AZ:ci, Lv`v ZvAvjvi c
_K AvgvK Rvbvbv njv Zviv Zvgvi mZZv NvlYv Kieb, Zvgvi
Dci Cgvb Avbeb, Zvgvi cwZ `i` cvV Kieb, Zvgvi Rb `vqv
Kieb Ges Avwg ZvgvK e eiKZ (Avwkm) w`e-Ggb wK, ev`kvn
Zvgvi Kvco _K Avwkm Abymvb Kieb|2
GB Bjnvg m^ Avgiv Avgv`i Kvb ge Kie bv| Kejgv GUzKz
(1) evivnxb-Avng`xqv, PZz_ L, 52-21 c: nvwkqv I Abvb e KZve|
(2) jvR&vbvZzb b~i, 3-4 c: nZ Abyw`Z|

42

nvqvZ ZvBqev

wbe`b Kiv cqvRb gb Kwi h, Zv IB mgqKvi Bjnvg, hLb wZwb

m~Y AvZfve wbRb evm KiZb Ges KD RvbZ bv h, Zvui fwelr
wKic Miegq ne|

^c I Kvkdi AvwaK Ges Kvw`qvbi wn`y`i Rb

wb`kbvewj :
Bgvg gvn`xi Avwefvei mgq wbKUeZx nwQj| c_ gvbe RvwZi c_
c`kbv_ wek mv ZvuK cZvw` cyili Avmb AwawZ KiZ
PqwQjb| GRb wZwb ZvuK ej cwigvY ^c I Kvkd c`kb KiZ
jvMjb| KLbv KLbv wZwb Hkx-evYxI cv nZ jvMjb| Kvw`qvbi
`yRb wn`y jvjv kigcr I jvjv gjvIqvgvj Zvui KvQ Lye ewk hvZvqvZ
KiZb| Zv`i m^I wKQz wb`kb Zvui KvQ cKvwkZ nj|
1870 mvj GK gvgjvq Kvw`qvbi GKRb Avh mgvRx wn`y, jvjv
kigcZi AvZxq weki `vm Ges Lyknvj Pv` bvgK Aviv GKRb wn`yi
Kviv` nqwQj| DP Av`vjZ Zviv Avwcj Kib| Avwcji dj wK ne
Rvbvi Rb jvjv kigcr nhiZ AvK`vmi KvQ Ave`b Kij| Zvui c
GK wn`yi KvQ Bmjvgi kZ wbaviYi GUv DrK myhvM wQj| wZwb
Avjvn ZvAvjvi mgxc `vqv Kijb| ivZ Kvk&d-hvM ZvuK Rvbvbv
njv GB gvgjvq bw_ wPd& KvU _K mkb KvU dir Avm&e| mLvb
Zvi fvB`i Kviv`i AaK gvd nq hve| wK Zvi Aci mv_x m~Y
kvw fvM Kie| GB Hkx msev` Kvw`qvbi wn`y`iK ejv nj,
NUbvg eySvi Kvb Mvjgvji KviY KqK w`b ci GB Rbie
cPvwiZ nj Avwcj gyi nqQ Ges weki `vm Lvjvm cqQ| nhiZ
GB Lei b `y:wLZ njb| Kvw`qvbi wn`yiv wN-evwZ Rvwjq AvjvK
mv Kij Ges fwelvYx wg_v nqQ ej NvlYv Kij| evRvi G ch
iUjv h, Acivaxiv Mvg wdi GmQ| wZwb hLb GB Lei cjb, ZLb
Gkvi bvgvhi cwZi mgq|
hyi ejb :
GB wPvq Avgvi h Aev nj, Zv GKgv Avjvn& Rvbb| GB wPvq
Avwg RxebZ ^ic njvg| Avwg eySZ cviwQjvg bv, Avwg wK RxweZ, bv
gZ| Ggwb Aevq bvgvh i nj! mR`vq hLb wMqwQ, ZLb Bjnvg
nj,
A_vr, kvK Kiv bv, ZzwgB Rqx ne| ZLb Avwg

nvqvZ ZvBqev

43

kigcZK Gi msev` `B| ZLb cKZ NUbv Rvbv Mj Avwcj `vqi

nqQ gv| weki `vm gyw jvf Kiwb|1
ci ZvB nj, hv my fwelvYx viv AvgvK Rvbvbv nqwQj| wn`yiv
Avhvw^Z I nZf^ nq coj|
cmg jvjv gjvIqvgvj m^I GKwU wb`kb ewYZ nj| ZvwiLi w`K
w`q GUv 1881 mvji NUbv| jvjv gjvIqvgvj `xN Kvj hveZ q ivM
fyMwQjb| ivM KwVb nq coj bivk Rbvjv| ZLb wbicvq nq
wZwb GKw`b nhiZ mvnei L`gZ Gm Kvu`Z jvMjb|
hyi ejb :
Zvi Amnvq Aev `L Avgvi gb Mj Mjv| Avwg GK,
AwZxq Avjvni `ievi Zvui Rb `vqv Kijvg| Lv`vi KvQ Zvui
AvivM jvf wbw` wQj ej `vqv Kivi m mB Bjnvg njv
A_vr, Avgiv RivwMK ejjvg, Zzwg kxZj
I wbivgq nI| ZLwb mB wn`y Ges Aviv KqKRb wn`yK GB
BjnvgwU Rvbvbv nq| Zviv GLbv GB Mvg DcwZ AvQ Ges MvgiB
Awaevmx| Avwg Lv`vi Dci m~Y fimv Ki `vwe Kijvg IB wn`y
wkqB Zvici AvivM jvf Kie Ges GB ivM gie bv| AZtci GK
mvnI AwZevwnZ nqwb, DwjwLZ wn`y GB cvYbvkK ivM _K gy nq
c~Y ^v jvf Kijb| Avjnvg`y wjjvn Avjv hvjKv|2
jvjv gvjvIqvgvj Kvw`qvbi GKRb mv Avh wQjb| hw`I wZwb Ges
jvjv kigcr kZ kZ wb`kb `LI Bmjvg MnY Kibwb, Zey cvw_e
w`K w`q Zviv f`fve Rxebhvcb Kib| jvjv gvjvIqvgvj `xN 95
eQi eqm `k wefvMi KqK eQi ci Kvw`qvb Bnjxjv ZvM Kib|
wZwb Zvi mvb`iK Dc`k w`q MQb wghv mvnei fwelvYx
Abymvi Zvi cwievii jvKiv wbq Kvw`qvb cZveZb Kieb|
myZivs, Zvgiv Kvw`qvbi eZgvb Avng`xMYi weivPiY Kiv bv|
jvjv gvjvIqvgvj Kvw`qvbi wn`y evRvi Zvi `vKvb cvqB em _vKZb
Ges nhiZ AvK`vm Kvb Kvb ivMi h mKj eevc KiZb, IB
(1) Kvw`qvbK Avwiqv AvIi nvg, 28-29 c:|
(1) evivnxb Avng`xqv, ZZxq L, 227-28 c:, nvwkqv-`i-nvwkqv|

44

nvqvZ ZvBqev

mKj Ilya cZ Ki wew KiZb| Avng`x ezMYI IB me Ilya q

KiZb Ges Zvi KvQ nhiZ AvK`vmi c_g Rxebi NUbvejx
bZb|

Kvkd c~eeZx Kvb Kvb eyRyMi mv_ mvvrjvf :

1872 mvj nhiZ AvK`vm ^chvM nhiZ Cmv gwmn AvjvBnm
mvjvgi mv_ GKB cv Avnvi Kib Ges `Zvi mv_ evKvjvc
Kib|1 GB mgq cvqB nhiZ evev bvbK mvne ingZzjvn AvjvBni
mv_ ^chvM Zvui `Lv nq| wZwb wbRK gymjgvb ej cKvk Kib|2
1875 mvj wZwb nhiZ mq` Ave`yj Kv`i wRjvbx ingZzjvn
AvjvBni mv_ ^chvM mvvr jvf Kib Ges ZuvK Rvbvbv nq h Zvui
Ges mq` Avyj Kv`i wRjvbxi AvZvi ^vfvweK ewjvi ga
cii mvgm we`gvb|3

AvU bq gvmevcx ivRv Ges ^Mxq RvwZi AeZiY :

1875 mvji kl fvM, A_ev 1876 mvji iZ GKRb e, cwe
`kb eyRyM ^c Zvui KvQ DcwZ nb| wZwb ejjb ^Mxq RvwZgvjv
cvwi Rb wKQzw`b ivhv ivLv bexMYi wPib wbqg| Gi viv wZwb
mZ Kijb Avwg hb wimvjZ cwievii ixwZ cvjb Kwi| eZ:,
wZwb AvU bq gvm ai msMvcb ivhv ivLvi gvag mvabv Kib| G
mK wZwb wjLQb :
myZivs Avwg wKQz mgq ai wbqwgZfve ivhv ivLv h_vh_ gb Kijvg|
wK m m GB fvei D`q nj h, GwU Mvcb cvjb Kiv kq| Avwg
GB eev Kijvg myZivs Ni _K eVKLvbvq Lvevi AvbvZvg Ges Zv
Mvcb Kvb Kvb GwZg QjK `vb KiZvg Zv`iK c~eB wVK Ki
h_vmgq DcwZ _vKvi Rb Avwg ZvwM` Ki w`qwQjvg| GBfve
mvivw`b ivhvq AwZevwnZ KiZvg Ges Lv`v ZvAvjv Qvov GB ivhvwj
m^ KD RvbZ bv| 2/3 mvn ci Avwg eySZ cvijvg GKejv c~Y
Avnvi ivhv _vKvq Avgvi Kvb K nq bv| GRb Avnvii cwigvY wKQz
(1) evivnxb-Avng`xqv, ZZxq L, 253 c:, nwkqv-`i-nvwkqv|
(2) blyjyj&-gwmn&, 204 c:|
(3) hvwggvq-evivnxb-Avng`xqv, cg L, 65 c:, nwkqv|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

45

nvm Kiv Dg weePbv Kijvg| myZivs Avwg mw`b _K Lvevii

cwigvY nvm KiZ jvMjvg| Ggb wK w`bivZ ay GKwU iwUB h_
nZ| GBfve Avwg Avnvi nvm KiZ jvMjvg| Aekl, AvU cnii ci
h_vme KqK Zvjv iwU gv Avgvi Avnvh iBj| meZ:, AvU-bq gvm
ai Avwg Gic Kijvg| `y wZb gvmi wkI h Lv` ah aviY KiZ
cvi bv, mic A Avnvi mI Lv`v ZvAvjv AvgvK mKj cKvi
Avc`-wec` nZ iv Kijb| G iKg ivhvi dj Avwg h mKj
weqKi AwfZv jvf Kijvg, Zv m~ gyKvkvdvZ ev AvavwZK `kb
jvf wQj, hv IB mgq Avgvi KvQ cKvwkZ nq| `v^ic, Kvb Kvb
c~eeZx bexi mv_ mvvr jvf nq Ges GB DZ h mKj DP kYxi
AvDwjqv MZ nqQb Zvu`i mv_I mvvr nq| GKevi m~Y RvMZ
Aevq Rbve imyjyjvn mvjvjv AvjvBn Iqvmvjvg, Bgvg nvmvb I
mvqb ivwh Avjv Avb, nhiZ Avjx ivwh Avjv Avb Ges nhiZ
dvZgv ivwh Avjv Avbnvi `kb jvf Kwi| GUv ^c wQj bv| GK cKvi
RvMZ Aev wQj| eZ:, Gfve Kvb Kvb cwe ewi mvvr cvB Zv
eYbv KiZ Mj AbK `xN nq coe| GQvovI AvbIqvi invbx
AvavwZK RvwZgvjv icKfve meyR I ieY vKvi Ggb gbvig
I gbvni `kic `kb jvf nZ, hv eYbvZxZ| mB RvwZgq jv
mvRv Da AvKvki w`K Pj wMqwQj| Zvi ga Kvb KvbwU vj,
Kvb KvbwU meyR Ges KvbwU Nvi jvj wQj| gbi mv_ G`i Ggb
m^ wQj h Zv`iK `L `q Avb` wefvi nq hZ| Gmg `L
`q I AvZv Ggb Avb` jvf KiZ, hvi Zzjbv RMZ bvB| Avgvi gZ,
mB jv Lv`v Ges ev`vi cgi mshvM GK cKvi icK AvKwZZ
cKvwkZ Kiv nqwQj| A_vr Zv GK RvwZt wQj hv Da nZ wbg
AeZiY KiwQjv I Dfqi wgjb vKwZ aviY KiwQj| Gjv
AvavwZK I invbx welq| RMZ Zv AeMZ bq| wK cw_exZ Ggb
ewivI AvQb, hviv GB me welq AewnZ nq _vKb|
hv nvK, GB cwigvY ivhv ivLvi dj Avgvi KvQ h mKj Avh welq
cKvwkZ nqwQj Zv wQj bvbv cKvii gyKvkvdvZ ev AvavwZK `kb|1

(1) wKZveyj-evwiqv, 164-66 c:, cv`UxKv|

46

nvqvZ ZvBqev

nhiZ Avyjvn MRbex I wKQz Abvb eyRyMi mv_ mvvr :

G mgq nhiZ AvK`vm Kvb Kvb eyRyMi mv_ mvvZi Dk mdi
Kib Ges Zvui KvQI Avjvn IqvjvMYi hvZvqvZ i nq| msc,
wbg Avgiv GKRb gv eyRyMi K_v ejwQ| wZwb wQjb nhiZ gjex
Avyjvn& MRbex mvne| GB eyRyM AvdMvwbvbi MRbx Rjvi Aaxb
wMiv bvgK cjxZ RbMnY Kib| wZwb Gev`Z Mvhvi wQjb| m`v
Avjvn ZvAvjvi iY wbgM _vKZb| imyj (m.)-Gi AvkK wQjb|
GKwU ^c wZwb `LZ cjb mnxn& eyLvix a~jveZ| ^ci gaB wZwb
Zv cwivi KiZ jvMjb| GB ^c `kbi ci wZwb mnxn eyLvix AwaK
cvV i Kib| MRbxi Rvjg DjvgvMY Zvi GB Aev `kb ZvK
Invex ej NvlYv Ki Zvi wei Kzdii dZvqv `q| Zvi gyL
Kvwj jcb Ki Mvavi wcV ewmq ZvK `k _K weZvwoZ Ki| GZ
wZwb wnRiZ Ki AgZmi Avmjb|1 GB eyRyMi mv_ nhiZ AvK`vmi
mvvr nq|

nhiZ AvK`vm GB mvvr cm ejb :

nhiZ Avyjvn MRbexi Rxekvq GKevi Lqi`x Ges GKevi AgZmi
Zvi mv_ Avgvi `Lv nq| Avwg ZvK ejjvg, Avcwb Bjnvg cv nq
_vKb| Avgvi GKwU Dk AvQ| Gi Rb Avcwb `vqv Kieb| wK
DkwU wK, Avwg AvcbvK eje bv| wZwb ejjb, Mvcb ivLv
KjvYKi| Avwg Bb&kvAvjvn& `vqv Kie| Bjnvg BQvaxb bq| Avgvi
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AebwZi w`K hvQ, Lv`v Gi mnvq nvb| Zvici Avwg Kvw`qvb Pj
hvB| Aw`b ci, WvKhvM Zvi wPwV cvB, ZvZ wjLv wQj, GB Aag
Avcbvi Rb `vqv KiwQj| BjKv nqQ
(Avgv`iK Kvdi`i wei mvnvh Ki)| GZ wkMwMi Bjnvg nIqvi
myhvM GB Aag AB jvf KiQ| GUv Avcbvi AvwiKZvi dj nqQ
`LwQ|2 GUv wQj cv_wgK cKvk| bZzev Avjvn ZvAvjvi Av`k wZwb
ci Zuvi GKRb f gyix` gybwk gynv` BqvKze mvneK G chI
ejwQjb, nhiZ wghv mvne Avgvi ci GK weivU KvRi Rb
(1)wmivZ mvbvqx, gjex Ave`yj gwR` mvne mvn`iex cYxZ|
(2) nwKKZzj&-Inx, c_g msiY, 239-40 c:|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

47

cZvw` neb| Zuvi gZzi KqKw`b AvM 1881 mvji deqvwiZ

wZwb Avjn ZvAvjvi KvQ _K Kvk&dhvM msev` jvf Ki fwelvYx
Kib :
GKwU RvwZ: AvKvk _K Kvw`qvbi w`K AeZiY KiQ| wK `y:Li
welq, Avgvi mvbiv GUv _K ewZ _vKe|1
eZ:, nhiZ gjex MRbex mvnei GB fwelvYx c~Y nqQ| Zvi
mvbiv nhiZ AvK`vmK ay MnYi mfvM _KB ewZ nqwb, eis
Zvi weivPiYI AMeZx fywgKv MnY KiQ| nhiZ gjex MRbex
mvne 1881 mvji 15B deqvwi gZzeiY Kib Ges AgZmii evBi
myjZvbwe mgvwa nb| dv-Bbv wjjvn Iqv Bbv BjvBn ivRDb|

nhiZ AvK`vmi wcZvi BKvj, Ryb 1886 :

1886 mvji Ryb gvmi c_g fvM nhiZ AvK`vm GKwU gvgjvi evcvi
jvnvi hvb| wZwb ZLb jvnviB wQjb, GKwU ^ci gvag ZvuK Rvbvb
nj h, Zvui wcZvi gZzi mgq wbKUeZx| G m^ wZwb wjLQb :
Avwg GB ^c `Lvi ci ZvovZvwo Kvw`qvb cuQjvg Ges Avgvi wcZvK
Avgvkq ivM Avv `Ljvg| wK Gic Kvb Avkv wQjbv h Avgvi
Avmvi ciw`bB wZwb cijvKMgb Kieb| KviY, ivMi cKvc ckwgZ
nqwQj Ges wZwb Lye kvfve em _vKZb| ciw`b `ycyi ejv Avgiv
mg AvZxq-^Rb Zvi KvQ DcwZ wQjvg| ZLb wghv mvne `qvciek
nq AvgvK ejjb GLb, Zywg wMq GKUz Avivg Ki| ZLb Ryb gvm|
cP Mig| Avwg wekvgi Rb GKwU Pevivq Mjvg| GKRb Lv`g cv
`vevwQj| BwZga mvgvb Z`vjy fve Gj Avgvi KvQ Bjnvg nj,
A_vr, AvKvki Kmg, KviY AvKvk Kvhv K`ii (Hkx
wggvsmv I weavbi) Drm| Ges mB NUbvi Kmg, hv m~hvi ci msNwUZ
ne| AvgvK eySvb nj h, G Bjnvg Lv`v ZvAvjvi c _K
kvKvZi cwZ mnvbyf~wZ cKvki AvKvi nqQ Ges `yNUbv GB h
AvRB kq wcZv m~hvi ci Bnavg ZvM Kieb| myenvbvjvn
Lv`vI` Avhxg, gnvcfyi wKev gwngv! Rxeb b nIqvi AbyZvc GK
ew cvYZvM KiQb| Zvi cijvKMgb kvK mnvbyfywZm~PK fvlvq
(2) nvqvZzb-bex, c_g L, 80-82 c:|

48

nvqvZ ZvBqev

ewYZ nj| GZ AwaKvsk ewB Avh eva Kie Lv`v ZvAvjv KZK
kvKvZi Rb mnvbyfywZ cKvki A_ wK? wK iY ivLv KZe h
nhiZ Avqhv I Rvjv kvby, gnvgwngvgq Lv`v hLb KvDK Kcvi `wZ
`Lb, ZLb GKRb ezi bvq Zvi mv_ Gic eenvi Kib| D`vniY
^ic, nvw`m mg~n Avjvn ZvAvjvi mynvmi K_v ewYZ AvQ| ZvI GB
A_B|1
eZ: nhiZ AvK`vmi wcZv mBw`bB m~hvi ci cijvKMgb Ki|
dv-Bbv wjjvn Iqv Bbv BjvBn ivRDb| ZuvK Kvw`qvbi gmwR`
AvKmvi GK KvY `vdb Kiv nq| Gwelq ci ejv ne| BbkvAvjvn
ZvAvjv|

wcZvi BKvji ci Hkx Zveavb :

wcZvi BKvj kvKvwff~Z nIqv ^vfvweK wQj| gvbe cKwZ myjf
^vfvweK `yejZvekZ: wbgli Rb Zvui gb GB wPvi D`q njv h,
Avqi h me Dcvq Zvui wcZvi Rxekvq Zvi mv_ mswk wQj, mjv
e nIqvq bv Rvwb KZ Amyweavi mw ne| GB wPv nIqv gvB wZwb
cybivq Inx jvf Kijb,
A_vr Avjvn wK Zvui ev`vi
Rb h_ bb ? hyi ejb:
GB Bjnvg viv Avwg AZvvh mvbv jvf Kijvg| jvnvi ciKi
gZ GUv Avgvi A:KiY cek Kij| myZivs mB gnvgwngvw^Z, Avh&hv
Iqv Rvjv Lv`vi Kmg, hvui nvZ Avgvi Rxeb iqQ, wZwb Zvui
mymsev`evnx Bjnvg Gfve AvgvK mZ Ki `wLqQb Avwg Zv KbvI
KiZ cviZvg bv| wZwb Avgvi Ggb Zveavb KiQb h, Kvb wcZv
KLbv Zv KiZ cviZ bv| Avgvi cwZ wZwb AbeiZ Ggb Avwkm elY
KiQb h Zv MYbv Kiv Avgvi mvavZxZ|2
GB BjnvgwUi ga GK weivU fwelvYx wbwnZ wQj| wZwb ZrYvr jvjv
gvjvIqvgvj mvneK mg welq Lyj ejjb Ges AgZmi nvwKg
gynv` kixd Kvjvbyix mvnei KvQ ZvK cvVvjb hb wZwb G kjv
Lv`vB Ki GKwU AvswU evwbq cvwVq `b| gvjvIqvgvj mvne AgZmi
wMq bM` cvuP UvKvq GKwU AvswU Zwi Ki Avbjb| Gfve GKRb wn`y
(1) wKZveyjj&-evwiqv, cv`UxKv, 159-61 c:|
(2) wKZveyj evwiqv, 162-63 c|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

49

Ges GKRb gymjgvb, fviZeli cavb `yB RvwZi cwZwbwaic GB

Avhxgyk&kvb wb`kbi mvx nq iBjb|
GB AvswU GLbI nhiZ wghv ekxixb gvngy` Avng` LwjdvZzj& gmxn
mvbx Avqv`vjv-ZvAvjv ebvm&wiwnj& Avhxhi KvQ AvQ| mw eUb
G AvswU Zvui fvM coQ| GB AvswU Qvov nhiZ AvK`vmi KvQ Aviv
`ywU AvswU wQj| Zvi ga GKwU 1892 wLv evbvbv nq Gi Dci
nhiZ AvK`vmi GB BjngwU Lv`vBKiv wQj :
A_vr Lv`vi bqvgZK iY Ki, hv wZwb ZvgvK w`qQb| Zvgvi
Rb ingZ Ges Kz`iZi (Kcv I gwngvi) wfw wbR nvZ vcb
KiQb| Aci AvswU 1906 mvj evbvbv nq| wkqvjKvU Rjvi AMZ
ebevRqv bvgK vbi GKwU gyLjm ^YKvi nhiZ AvK`vmi KvQ
hyii Rb GKwU AvswU evbvbvi Ave`b Ki Ges Gi Dci wK wjLZ
ne wRvmv Kij hyi
(Avgv`i ez I cfy Lv`v h_) wjLevi
AbygwZ c`vb Kib| nhiZ AvK`vmi gZzi wKQzw`b ci nhiZ Dyjgygbxb (iv.) GB AvswUjv jUvwii gvag eUb Kijb| Avhi
welq, KqKevi jUvwi viv GKB dj nj| A_vr c_g AvswU nhiZ
Avgxij gygbxb LwjdvZzj gmxn& mvbx AvBqv`vjv-ZvAvjvi bvg
DVjv| wZxq AvswUwU nhiZ mvneRv`v wghv ekxi Avng` mvnei bvg
DVj Ges ZZxq AvswUwU nhiZ mvneRv`v wghv kixd Avng` mvnei
bvg DVj Ges GBfve eUb mb Kiv nj|

gmwR` AvKmvi cvk wcZvi `vdb :

nhiZ AvK`vmi wcZv gmwR` AvKmvi cvk wPwZ vb mgvwnZ nb|
GB gmwR` AvKmv wbgvYi msw BwZe GLvb mwbwe Kiv mgxPxb
gb Kwi| KviY Gi mI wmjwmjvi e K_v RwoZ AvQ| BwZc~e
Avgiv ejwQ h, Rwg`vix msv gvgjvjvq gvMZ civwRZ nq kl
eqm nhiZ AvK`vmi wcZv Lv`v ZvAvjvi mw ARbi cwZ AwgZ
ZR AMmi nb| wZwb wmv wbjb `ywbqvi Rb e A_ LiP KiQb,
hvi dj cwiZvc Qvov Avi wKQzB jvf nqwb| GLb me`v Lv`v ZvAvjvi
gwngv NvlYv Kivi Rb GKwU gmwR` wbgvY Kieb| wewP wK wZwb
Avjvn& ZvAvjvi gv jvf Kib ! GB Dkmvabi Rb wZwb Mvgi

50

nvqvZ ZvBqev

gvSLvb mvZk UvKv eq wkL`i KvQ _K GKwU cwZZ evwo q

Kib Ges Mfxi mvc I AvwiKZvmn GKwU gmwR`i wfw vcb
Kib|
nhiZ AvK`vm AvjvBnm& mvjvZz Iqvm& mvjvg GB gmwR` wbgvYi h
cUf~wgKv eYbv KiQb, GLvb Zv DjL Kiv GKvB cvmwK gb Kwi
hyi ejb :
gnvgwngvw^Z, nhiZ BZ Rvjv kvby Avjvn& ZvAvjvi myL Zvi k~b
nvZ hvIqvi cwiZvc kl eqm w`b w`b evoZ jvMj| wZwb eevi
ew_Z `q ejZb, msmvii e_v SMov weev` Avgvi Rxeb Ah_v eq
KiwQ| GKevi kq wcZv GKwU ^c eYbv Kib| wZwb ^c imyjyjvn&
mvjvjv Avjvqwn IqvmvjvgK gnv cZvci AwaKvix GK gnvgwngvw^Z
ev`kvni gZ Zvui evwoZ AvmZ `Lb| ZLb wZwb ZuvK ^vMZ RvbvZ
`uovjb| KvQ wMq wZwb cKU nvZ `qv gv GKwU UvKv cjb |
fvj Ki wZwb `Ljb h Zv APj UvKv| GUv `L wZwb AkcvZ
Kijb| Zvici wb`v f Mj| Zvici, wbRB Gi A_ eYbv Kijb,
`ywbqv`vwii mv_ Lv`v Ges imyji cg APj UvKviB gZ| Aviv ejZb
ZviB gZ Zvi wcZvi klRxeb I wec`vc`, wPv I AbykvPbvq
AwZevwnZ nqwQj| h KvRB wZwb nvZ w`Zb, AKZKvh nZb| Zvui
wcZv, A_vr Avgvi `v`v mvnei GKwU KweZvI kvbvZb| Gi GKwU
cO&w Avwg f~j MwQ| Aci cO&wwU GB :
hLb Pv Kwi, ZLb fvM cwinvm Ki| Zvi GB ev_v I wPv e eqm
eY ew cvq| G fvebvq cvq Qq gvm AvM kq wcZv GB Mvgi
gvSLvb GKwU gmwR` wbgvY Kib| hv GLvbKvi Rvg gmwR`| wZwb wb`k
Ki hvb GB gmwR`i GK KvY Zvi Kei ne, hb Lv`v Avhhv Iqv
Rvjvi bvg Zvi Kvb cuQZ _vK| Avh wK, GUvB Zvi gvMwdivZi nZz
nZ cvi| eZ:, hw`b gmwR`i BgviZ wbgvY mb nq Ges meZ:
gSi KqKwU BUi Muv_ywb evwK wQj, Gi KqK w`b AvM gv kq wcZv
Avgvkq ivM Avv nq gZzeiY Kib Ges GB gmwR`i IB KvYB
ZvK `vdb Kiv nq, hLvb `uvwoq wZwb wPwZ KiwQjb| Avjvvinvg
Iqv`vLjj&-RvbvZv| A_vr n Avjvn! Zuvi cwZ `qv Ki Ges ZvK
RvbvZevmx Kiv! Avgxb| wZwb cvq 80 A_ev 85 eQi Avqy cqwQjb|1
(1) wKZveyj evwiqv, 157-59 c:|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

51

GLb hw`I GB gmwR` wmjwmjvi geagvb cqvRb h_ evovbv

nqQ, wK g~j Ask AvMi gZB AzY AvQ Ges QvU cvYwU, hv
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cvPxi wbgvY Ki `qv nqQ, hb ew BZvw` cvwb _K Zv wbivc`
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GUvB gv Kvgbv KiwQjb h, Avhvbi awb hb Zvi Kvb cuQ| wK
gnvgwngvgq Avjvn Rvjv kvby gmwR`i wfwvcbc~eK Avjvni wRwKi
K (iY) GZ AwaK DP ghv`v w`qQb h, mB mgq _K AvR ch
Gi ga avivevwnKfve Avjvni wRwKi ev Gjvwn YMvb nq AvmQ,
BbkvAvjvn wKqvgZ ch nZ _vKe| GLvb AbKB cvuP Iqvi
bvgvh Ges bdj mg~n co _vKb| GUv Kvw`qvbi Rvg gmwR`
wnmeI eeZ nq| RygAvi bvgvh nq Ges wewfb Rjmv AbywZ nq|
GQvovI KziAvb Kixgi `imI GB gmwR` wbqwgZfve c`vb Kiv nq|
Avhi welq GB h `im c`vbKvwi mvaviYZ: GB Keii KvQB `uvwoq
`im w`q _vKb| nhiZ LwjdvZzj gmxn AvDqvji (ivwh.) m^I
eqiv ejb h, wZwb GLvbB `vuovZb| nhiZ nvdR iIkb Avjx
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cZ KiwQ| nhiZ LwjdvZzj gmxn mvbx AvBqv`vjv ZvAvjv m~Y
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Kib Ges Avevi i _K `im `qv i Kib| klv `im KqK
eQievcx PjZ _vKv Aevq 1947 mvji ivxq `ywecvK DcwZ nq|

cvwievwiK mvb I cwZcw Kvqg _vKv mK wKQz Bjnvg :

AvjvBmvjvnv e-Kvwdb& Avy- Avjvn& wK Zvui ev`vi Rb h_ bbGB AvRxgykvb Bjnvg Dci ewYZ nqQ| Gi cKZ A_ nj h Zvui
m~Y Zveavb GLb ^qs Lv`v ZvAvjv Kieb| GB Bjnvgi mg_b
ZvuK Kvb Kvb `kI `Lvbv nqQ| hyi AvK`vm ejb :
Kvb Kvb mgq ^c ev Kvkd-hvM AvavwZK welqvejx `wnK Aeqe
aviYc~eK gvbevKvi cwi` nqQ| Avgvi wcZv Mvdvivjvnv jv GKRb
mv iBm Ges Avcb GjvKvq LvwZgvb cyil wQjb| Avgvi gb AvQ,

52

nvqvZ ZvBqev

wZwb hLb BKvj Kijb, ZLb Zvi cijvKMgbi wZxq ev ZZxq

w`b Avwg GKwU cigv my`ix xjvKK ^chvM `wL| Zvi Aeqe
GLbv Avgvi PvLi mvgb fvmQ| m ejj, Zvi bvg ivYx Ges CwZ
ejj, wZwb Mni mvb I kx| Aviv ejj, Avwg cvb KiZ PqwQjvg,
wK Zvgvi Rb _K Mjvg|1
hyi Aviv wjLQb,
H mgqB Avwg ^chvM GKRb mykx cyilK `kb Kwi| Avwg ZvK
ejjvg, Zzwg AvhRbK mykx| mZ m ejj, Avwg Zvgvi eLZ
e`vi (mfvM) Ges Zzwg AvhRbK mykx K_vi Di ejjv, nvu,
Avwg `kbavix cyil|2

ejvKvi Hkx evKvjvc i :

hyi AvK`vmi kq wcZvi gZzi ci _KB Zvui KvQ ejvKvi Hkx
evYx AvmZ _vK| wZwb ejb:
GKw`K wZwb (A_vr nhiZ Iqvj` gvR`) BnjvK ZvM Kib Ges
Aci w`K wecyj AvKvi Avgvi Ici HkxevYxi aviv cevwnZ nZ hvQ|
Avwg Rvwb bv, Avgvi Kvb cyYi dj Avgvi cwZ GB Hkx AbyMn| Avwg
ay GBUzKz Abyfe Kwi h Avgvi A:KiY Lv`v ZvAvjvi cwZ wekZvi
^vfvweK AvKlY AvQ| Zv Kvb ei evavq cwZi nZ cvi bv|
myZivs Zv AvjvniB Kcv|3

R fvBqi Avgj :
nhiZ AvK`vmi wcZvi gZyi ci Zvui R fvB wghv Mvjvg Kv`i
mvne cvwievwiK welq mwi cwiPvjbvi vwqZ MnY Kijb| hw`
nhiZ AvK`vm BQv KiZb, Ze mw fvMi `vwe c~eK wbRi Ask
c_K Ki wbZ cviZb| wK wZwb welq mwi cwZ Av` gbvwbek
Kibwb| eis GUv Afvmic eiY Ki wbjb h, Lv` cvbxq hvB
cZb fvBqi mRb ej MnY KiZb| KLbI Kvb cKvi Avcw
Dvcb KiZb bv| 8/9 gvmevcx gvMZ ivhv ivLvi dj ^vnvix
(1) Bhvjvq-AvInvg, 213 c:|
(2) Bhvjvq AvInvg, 213-14 c:|
(3) wKZveyj evwiqv, cv` UxKv 163 c:|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

53

Rxeb wbevn wZwb Af nq cowQjb| GB KviY GmgqI wZwb mB

gvRvn`vi (mvabvi) c~Y menvi Kijb| AwaKvsk mgqB wbRi
Lv` `wi``i ga eUb Ki wbR GK cqmvi Qvjv Lq Rxeb aviY
KiZb| hw` GZ bv nZ, Ze DcevmB w`bvwZcvZ KiZb| Zvui m^
R fvB kq wcZvi Abyic aviYvB cvlY KiZb| wZwbI ZvuK
msmvi mK D`vmxb gb Ki KLbI KLbI Zvui mvayZv I agcivqYZv
`kb gb, cvY Zvui cwZ gy nq coZb| Z`ycwi Avjvn ZvAvjvi
Amxg AbyMn gvZv mvnevi GK wekl mni Qvqv I gnv AbyMn wQj|
wK R fvBqi Avgj Zuvi Amyweav eo Mj| Zvui fvB i`vmcyi
WcywU Kwgkbvii Awdm mycvwiUbWU wQjb Ges AwaKvsk mgq wZwb
mLvbB _vKZb| Mn eevi hveZxq `vwqZ vZRvqvi Dci b
wQj| wZwb Zvui cwZ KVvi eenvi KiZb| eZ: Gmgq wZwb h Pig
ah I mnbkxjZvi Ges DP Av`k c`kb Kib Zvi `v Kej Avw^qv
Kivgi cwe Rxebmg~nB cvIqv hvq| eZ:, hLb Avjvn& ZvAvjv ZvuK
gvgywiqZi (cZvw` ag-msviKi) c` Awfwl Kijb Ges kZmnm ew Zvui `iLvbvq Lvevi LZ jvMjb, ZLb Kvb Kvb mgq
c~ei K_v Zvui iY nZ, Ges wZwb Zuvi fveveM wbgv KweZvi kvK
cKvk KiZb :
A_vr, GK mgq `iLvbvi DwQ Lv` Avgvi Lvevi wQj Avi GLb
Avgvi `iLvbvq Avjvni Kcvq kZ-mnm ew Avnvi Ki| GRb
hveZxq cksmv AvjvniB|
GB mgqUv Zvui Rb GgbB KVvi Ges wbirmvn eK wQj h, GKevi
wZwb Kvb agxq cqvRb GKwU cwKvi Rb fvBqi KvQ mvgvb wKQz
UvKv Pq cvVvj, fvBmvne mUv Aceq ej cZvLvb Kib|

eo PvPx Gjb :
eo PvPx Gjb GUv nhiZ AvK`vmi GKwU weLvZ Bjnvg|
hw`I 1900 mvj wZwb G Bjnvg cvb, cmg Avgiv Zv wbq GLvb
AvjvPbv Kie| h mgq GB Bjnvg AeZxY nqwQj, mB mgq wZwb
Gi A_ wKQzB eySZ cvibwb| Lv`v ZvAvjvi gwngv! nhiZ AvK`vm h
vZ-Rvqv KZK wbcxwoZ nqwQjb, Avjvn ZvAvjvi wekl Kcvq mB

54

nvqvZ ZvBqev

vZ-Rvqv 1921 mvj nhiZi cy nhiZ wghv ekxiDxb gvngy`

LwjdvZzj-gwmn mvbx AvBqv`vjv ZvAvjvi cwe nvZ `xv MnY Ki
Avng`xqv wmjwmjvq hvM `b| AZ:ci, Zvqx-Avqx (eo PvPx Gjb)
Bjnvgi A_ evaMg nj| mg cwievi wZwb Zvqx (eo PvPx) ej
LvwZ jvf Kib| Avjvn ZvAvjv Zvui AvwiKZv GZ ew Kib h, wZwb
ImxqZI Kib| 1927 mvji 1jv m^i 97 eQi eqm wZwb
cijvKMgb Kib Ges Kvw`qvb enkZx gvKeivq mgvwnZ nb| dvBbwjjvn Iqv Bbv BjvBn ivRDb|

c~ecyili mwZ wghv Avhg eMi Iqvwikx `vwei gvKgv :

Lv`v ZvAvjvi Ac~e jxjv hZw`b ch nhiZ AvK`vm m~Y mwi
AwaKvi ^Z GKv cv nbwb ZZw`b ch ^c I Kvkdi fwelvYx
Abymvi cvwievwiK mvb I cwZcw gB nvm cZ _vK| wghv Mvjvg
Kv`i mvnei Avgj wghv Avhg eM, fyZ-c~e AwZwi mnKvwi
Kwgkbvi wKQz ^Znxb Iqvwik c Zvui mwZ Askx`vi nIqvi
`vweZ GK gvgjv `vqi Kib| nhiZ AvK`vm ejb :
Avgvi gig vZv wghv Mvjvg Kv`i mvne weRq jvfi `p wekvm
wbq Reve `qvq evcZ nb| Avwg G mK `vqv Kij, vbgq Lv`v
ZvAvjvi KvQ _K Bjnvg cv njvg :
(Zvgvi Iqvwik`i welq Qvov Zvgvi mg `vqv Keyj Kie) myZivs
Avwg me AvZxq`iK GK Ki fve ej w`jvg h vbgq Lv`v
AvgvK msev` w`qQb, Zvgiv GB gvgjvq KLbv Rqx ne bv| GRb
GUv _K weiZ nIqv KZe| wK Avgvi evwnK cfve cwZcw I Dcvq
DcKiYi cwZ j Ki Ges Zvui weRq jvf mywbwZ gb Ki Zviv
Avgvi K_vi Kvb g~j w`jb bv| wZwb gvgjv cwiPvjbv i Kijb| wbg
Av`vjZ wZwb Rq jvfI Kijb| wK Avjgyj-Mvqe Lv`vi Iwni
Ab_v wKfve meci? Aekl, Pxd KvU Avgvi fvB civwRZ njb
Ges GB cKvi GB Bjnvgi mZZv mevi KvQ cKvwkZ nj|1

(1) bhyjyj&-gwmn, 212-13 c:|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

55

Lv`v ZvAvjvi nvRvi nvRvi kvKi, nhiZ wghv ekxixb gvngy` Avng`
LwjdvZzj-gmxn mvbx AvBqv`vjv ZvAvjvi mgq mB mw q Kiv
nqQ Ges GB cKvi nvwiq hvIqv cvwievwiK mwi cybivi nqQ|

WvK wefvMi gvKgv :

1877 mvj AgZmii GKRb wLvb ivjBqvivg DwKj nhiZ AvK`vmi
wei GK gvgjv `vqi Kib| wevwiZ weeiY nhiZ AvK`vmi fvlvq
c` nj:
AgZmii ivjBqvivg bvg GK wLvb DwKj wQj| Zvi GKwU cm wQj
Ges IB cm _K GKwU cwKv ei nZv| GB Aag Bmjvgi mg_b
Avh`i gvKvwejvq Zvi cm `yB w`K Lvjv GKwU cvKU (Book
Post) GKwU ce Qvcvi Rb cvVvB Ges mv_ GKwU wPwVI cvVvB|
wPwVZ Ggb Kvb Kvb K_v wQj, hvi gvag Bmjvgi mg_b Ges
Abvb ag evwZj nIqvi cwZ BwZ wQj Ges GZ cewU gy`Yi
ZvwM`I wQj| GKviY mB wLvb, ag weiwaZvi KviY iM AwMkgv
nj| NUbvP m kZvekZ: AvgYv_ GKwU myhvMI jvf Kij|
cvKU (Book Post) Kvb ^Z wPwV ivLv AvBbZ: `bxq Aciva wQj,1
h m^ GB Aagi wKQzB Rvbv wQj bv| WvK wefvMxq AvBb Abymvi GB
cKvi Acivai kvw cvuPk UvKv Rwigvbv ev Qqgvm ch Kviv` wbw`
wQj| myZivs m msev``vZv mR WvK wefvMi KgPvix`i gvag GB
Aagi wei gvgjv `vqi Kij|
GB gvgjv m^ Kvb wKQz AeMZ nIqvi AvM, ^c hvM Avjvn& ZvAvjv
Avgvi KvQ cKvk Kijb ivjBqvivg DwKj AvgvK `skbi Rb GKwU
mvc cvwVqQ Ges Avwg mUvK gvQi gZ fR ZvK wdwiq w`qwQ|
Avwg Rvwb Zv GB K_vi cwZ wb`k KiwQj h, cwiYvg GB gvgjv
hfve Av`vjZ wbw ne, Zv Ggb GKwU `v hv fwelZ DwKj`i
KvR AvmZ cvi|
hvnvK, Avwg GB Aciva Rjv i`vmcyi m`i Avn~Z njvg Ges h
mg DwKji mv_ gvgjv m^ civgk Kijvg, Zviv GUvB civgk
(1) WvK wefvMi GB AvBb GLb bB| wK Avgiv h mgqi K_v wbq AvjvPbv
KiwQ, m mgq GB AvBb wQj| `Lyb Act. No. 14 of 1886 sections 12 and 56 ; &
Government of India Notification No. 2424, dated December 7, 1877, section 43.

56

nvqvZ ZvBqev

w`jb wg_v K_v ejv Qvov KvbB Dcvq bB| Zviv civgk w`jb, Gfve
eYbv w`b h Avcwb cvKU wPwV `bwb| ivjBqvivg wbRB Zv KiQb|
mvbv^ic Zviv AviI ejjb, GB cKvi weewZ w`j mvi Dci
gvgjv wbw nq hve Ges `yB PviwU wg_v mvx `qvjB gyw jvf
ne| bv nq gvgjvi Aev AZ Lvivc| evuPvi Ab Kvb Dcvq bB|
wK Avwg mevBKB GB Di w`jvg Avwg Kvb Aevq mZevw`Zv ZvM
KiZ cviev bv| hv nq nvK| ZLb mw`bB ev ciw`b AvgvK GK
BsiRi Av`vjZ DcwZ Kiv nj| Avgvi wec WvK wefvMi Awdmvi
miKvwi ev`x wnme DcwZ njb| ZLb wePviKZv wbR nvZ Avgvi
weewZ wjwce Kijb Ges mevi AvM AvgvK GUvB wRm Kijb,
GB wPwVwU wK Avcwb wbR nvZ cvKUi ga iLwQjb? GB wPwV Ges
GB cvKU wK Avcbvi? ZLb Avwg mivmwi ejjvg, GB wPwV Ges GB
cvKU `yUvB Avgvi Ges Avwg GB wPwV cvKUi ga iLwQjvg| wK
miKvii gvj duvwK `qvi `yiwfmwZ G KvR Kwiwb| Avwg GB wPwVK
GB ce _K Kvb ^Z wRwbm gb Kwiwb Avi GZ Avgvi evwMZ
Kvb K_vI wQj bv| GB K_v kvbvgv Lv`v ZvAvjv GB BsiRi gb
Avgvi w`K wdwiq w`jb Ges Avgvi wec WvKwefvMi Awdmvi e
PuPvgwP Kijb Ges BsiwRZ `xN eZv w`jb hv Avwg eySZ cvwiwb|
wK Avwg GZUzKz eySZ ciwQjvg h, cZK eZvi ci BsiwRZ IB
nvwKg bv bv ej Zvi mg K_vB evwZj KiwQjb| Aekl hLb
mB ev`x ci Awdmvi Zvi hveZxq ARynvZ eYbv Kij Ges mgK
welv`Mvi Kij, ZLb wePviK ivq jLvq gbvwbek Kijb Ges
h_vme GK Q wK `o Q wjL AvgvK ejjb- AvQv, Avcwb hZ
cvib| GUv b Avwg Av`vjZ Ni _K ei njvg Ges cig `qvj~
Avjvni KvQ KZZv vcb Kijvg, whwb GKRb BsiR Awdmvii
wec AvgvKB Rqx Kijb| Avwg fvjfve Rvwb, ZLb mZevw`Zvi
KjvY Lv`v ZvAvjv GB wec` _K AvgvK gyw `vb KiQb|
BwZc~e Avwg ^c `wL GK evw Avgvi Uzwc bvgvbvi Rb nvZ
evwoqQ| Avwg ejjvg, wK KiQb? ZLb m UzwcwU Avgvi gv_vZB
iL w`j Ges ejjv gj gj|1
(1) Avqbvq-KvgvjvZ Bmjvg, 29799 c:|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

57

fveyb `wL GB gvgjvq Zvi Rb KZ eo cixv wQj| Zvi vb Ab KD

nj nqZv GB KwVb cixvq wi _vKZ cviZv bv| wK nhiZ AvK`vm
wQjb g~wZgvb mZ| wZwb Zvi vb AwePj _vKjb Ges Zvi DwKj`i
civgk MnY bv Ki Av`vjZ mZ-mZ eYbv w`jb| Avjvv mvj Avjv
gynvv`Iu Iqv Avjv Avj gynv`|

gvivZK ivM _K AjwKK AvivM jvf :

1880 mvj nhiZ AvK`vm gvivZK Ak~j ivM Avv nb| evievi
cvqLvbvi eM nZv, icvZ nZv| G Aev cvq 16 w`b ch wQj| wZbevi
AvZxq-^Rbiv ZvuK myiv Bqvmxb co kvbvjb| kl ch Zvu`i wbwZ
aviYv nqwQj mv ch Kei KiZ ne| eZ:, hLb Zvui Aev Lye
mxb I bivkRbK nq cojv Ges Zvui AvZxqiv `qvji Avovj Kvbv
KiwQjb, ZLb cig AvivM`vZv Lv`v Bjnvg viv GB `vqv wkLvjb :

(Avjvn& cwe, Ges ZvuiB cksmv, cig cwe gnvgwngvw^Z Avjvn| Avjvn!
gynv` Ges Zvui AbyMvgx`i cwZ Kcv Ki) GB `vqv Bjnvg nIqvi m
m Zvui `q GK_v GjKv (D`q) nj h evjy wgwkZ b`xi cvwbZ nvZ
wfwRq GB cwe evKjv cvV Ki eyK, wcV, `ynvZ I gyLi Ici eyjvj
wZwb AvivM jvf Kieb| wZwb ejQb :
ZvovZwo evjy gkvbv cvwb Avbv nj Ges hgb AvgvK wkLvbv nqwQj,
ZgbB Kijvg| ZLb Avgvi Aev Ggb wQj h, Avgvi cwZwU jvgKc w`q
hb Avb ei nwQj| mg kixi fxlY Rvjv wQj| AvZmvi gbi Aev
Ggb aviY KiwQj h gZz njI fvj, Zey GB Aev _K gywjvf ne| wK
hLb IB cwqv i KijvgmB Lv`vi Kmg hvi nvZ Avgvi cvY iqQ cwZevi GB evKjv cvV Ges kixi cvwb w`q gvQvi m m Avgvi gb
nwQj hb mB Avb wfZi _K ei nq hvQ Ges Zxe `vni cwieZ
kixi kxZj I Avivg nq hvQ| Ggb wK, cqvjvi cvwb kl nqwb A_P Avwg
`LZ cjvg ivM AvgvK m~Yfve cwiZvM KiQ| Avwg lvjw`b ci
ivZ my Aevq NygvZ Mjvg| hLb fvi nj ZLb Avwg Bjnvg cv njvg :

58

nvqvZ ZvBqev

A_vrhw` Zvgiv GB wb`kb m^ m`n Ki hv AvivMjvf Avwg c`kb

KiwQ Ze Zvgiv Gi Abyic Ab Kvb `v Dcvcb Ki|1

RR beve mi`vi gynv` nvqvZ Lvui c`PzwZi ci envji mymsev` :

G mgqB Zuvi R fvB wghv Mvjvg Kv`i mvne RR beve mi`vi gynv`
nvqvZ Luv mvnei Rb `vqv KiZ ejb| miKvi ZvK Kvb `vli
AwfhvM mvgwqKfve c`PzZ Kib| c`PzwZi Kvj `xN nq hvIqvq wZwb
bvbv cKvi wec`M nb| nhiZ AvK`vm Zvi Rb `vqv Kivi ci ^c
`Ljb, hb beve mvne Zvi mvgb `uvwoq AvQb Ges wZwb ZvK ejQbt
Avcwb Kvb wPv Kieb bv| Lv`v mewKQzB KiZ cvib| wZwb AvcbvK
gyw w`eb|2
eZ hw`I evwnK Aev `L PvKwiZ Zvi cybivq cwZwZ nIqv Ame
ej weewPZ nwQj, ZviciI wZwb Avevi cwZwZ njb| dvj&-nvg&`ywjjvn
Avjv hvjKv|

AZzjbxq AvavwZK cwieZbi GK ivZ :

nhiZ gjex Avyjvn MRbex mvnei gZyi K_v BwZcye ewYZ nqQ Ges
GUvI ejv nqQ, wZwb 18B deqvwi 1881 mvj gZzeiY Kib| Gi wKQz
w`b AvM nhiZ AvK`vm GK mdi Dcj hLb i`vmcyi Aevb
KiwQjb, ZLb GK ivZ ^chvM RvbZ cvib, nhiZ gjex Avyjvn&
MRbex mvnei gZz mwbKU| Nyg f Mj wZwb Abyfe Kib, GK ^Mxq
AvKlY Zuvi ga KvR KiQ| GgbwK, Bjnvg Bjvnxi chvq i njv| mB
ivZi invbx cwieZb Dcj wZwb ejb :
mB GK ivZ wQj| IB ivZ Avjvn& ZvAvjv Avgvi cig I Pig Bmjvn&
Kijb Ges Ggb cwieZb msNwUZ nj hv gvbyli nvZ ev gvbyli BQvq
nIqv Ame|3

(1) wZiqvKzj&-Kzjye 3738 cv|

(2) evivnxb Avng`xqv, ZZxq L, 252 cv| nvwkqv `i-nvwkqv bs-1 Ges
Avj-nvKvg, 10B m^i 1902 mvj, 32 cv|
(3) bhyjyj&-gmxn& 237 cv|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

59

wZxq Aavq
evivnxb Avn&g`xqv cYqb nZ c_g eqAvZ MnY ch
evivnxb-Avn&g`xqvi cYqbi cUf~wg :
nhiZ gwmn gvD` (Av.) Gi mycwm wKZve evivnxb-Avng`xqv m^
AvjvPbvi AvM cvVKi mvgb Gi iPbvi cUfywg eYbvi Rb ZLbKvi
agxq Av`vjb jvi chvjvPbv AZvekK| wL agi Av`vjb
mK BwZc~e ejv nqQ| GQvov, `k Avh I ev mgvR KZK `ywU
cwm Av`vjb i nqwQj| G Av`vjbi wZbwU Dk wQj,
Bmjvgi wec GKRvU Dchycwi AvgY viv gymjgvb`iK Zv`i
ag _K mwiq `qv|
Gi Dcj wQj 1857 mvji wmcvnx we`vn| wn`yiv BsiR kvmbi
wei DRbv mwi Rb gymjgvb`iK wmcvnx we`vn Aic eenvi
Ki|1 gymjgvb`i cwZ c~e _KB BsiR`i Kz`w wQj| wn`yivI Gi
myhvM MnY Kij| ^vgx `qvb` ev^vB kni Avh mgvR bvg GK
Av`vjb i Kib| Avh mgvRi wfw vwcZ nIqvi KqK gvm ciB
Gi wKQz DP wn`y bZvi civgk GB wmv MnxZ nj h, Bmjvg I
Bmjvg agi ceZK nhiZ gynv` mvjvjvn AvjvBn Iqv mvjvgi Ici
cxov`vqK AvgYviv gymjgvb`i wei NYvKi ewi cwiek mw
KiZ ne Ges `kcg I RvwZi DbwZi bvg wn`y`iK evcKfve
mNe KiZ ne| cwZRx G evcvi GKwU Amyweavi myLxb njb|
e` wn`y msMVbi wfwci ic eeZ nZ cviZ| wK GKw`K
AwaKvsk wn`yB Gi fvlv m^ m~Y A Ges cvi, Kvji AveZ
e` Gic weKZ I cwiewZZ nqwQj h, Gi Abyev` cKvk KijI
eZgvb mfZvi hyM Zvviv DcKvii Avkv wQj bv| G mgmv mgvavbv_
cwZ `qvb` gnvkq mZv_ cKvk bvgK GKwU bZzb M wn`y`i mvgb
DcwZ Kijb| G cyK e` ewYZ wkv I ag wekvm jvi KKwZ
evLv w`q wn`yagi GK bZzb `wfwi wfw msvcb Kiv nj|
(1) ZvwiL-DiR Avn&` mvj&ZvbZ Avjwkqv n`, 66c:, 1904 mvj w`jxi
kvgmyj& gyZve cm gyw`Z msiY|

60

nvqvZ ZvBqev

mgmvgwqK wkwZ mc`vq Zv wbRi Ki wbZ i Kij| dj G

Av`vjb gk: wevi I cwmw jvf KiZ jvMj| hw`I fviZeli
wewfb kniI Zv wbq PPv i nj, wK cvvei Kvbv Kvbv kni
h_v- jvnvi, AgZmi I ivIqvjwcwZ Gi kwkvjx kvLv vwcZ nj|
GB be-Av`vjb mwi AKvji gaB nhiZ AvK`vm Gi gvKvwejv
i Kijb| wZwb Gi g~j wfwi Dci Gic KvhKix AvNvZ nvbjb h,
Avh mgvRi cwZvZv I AbyewZMY nZf^ nq coj| 1877 mvji 7B
wWm^i DKxj wn`yvb cwKvq Avh mgvRi cwZvZv cwZ `qvb`
gnvkq AvZv m^ gZ cKvk KiZ wMq ejjb :
AvZv AMwYZ, AmsL| Ggb wK, ^qs cigkiI Gi msLv Rvbb bv|
GB KviY me`v gyw jvf NUQ Ges NUZ _vKe; KLbI kl ne bv|
GB Ag~jK aggZ cKvk gv nhiZ AvK`vm Gi Lb fywi fywi hyw
cgvY Dcvcb Kijb| Avh`i c AgZmii evev bvivqY wmsn,
mUvix Avh mgvR I cwZ LoK wmsn bvg Drmvnx Avh m`m,
gvKvwejvi Rb ci ci AMmi njb| wK hyw-ZK Dfqi Ggb
civRq NUj h, gZzKvj ch Zviv Avi gv_v DVvqwb| cwZ LoK wmsn
e`i cwZ Ggb exZk nj h, m Avh mgvR cwiZvMc~eK wL ag
MnY Kij Ges wewfb KvMR cwivi wjLj Hkxvb I mZevw`Zvi mv_
e`i Kvb mK bB, ZvB GUv HkxevYx nZ cvi bv BZvw`,
BZvw`|1 Aci GKew Zvi mv_ gvKvwejvq Ggb wbii nj h, wn`y
cwZiv Zvi Di mg~nK evPvjZv ej cKvk Kij| Acii K_v ev`
w`b, ^qs cwZ `qvb` gnvkqi Dci nhiZ AvK`vmi ce jvi
Gic cwZwqv nj h, mI emvgvj nq coj| nhiZ mvne ZvK
evievi gvKvwejvi Rb Avnvb KiZ jvMjb| cwZRx hLb `LZ
cj wZwb bvQvoev`v, ZLb cwZRx wZbRb Avh mgvRxK Zvi KvQ
GB gemn ciY Kij :
hw`I AvZv cKZ c AMwYZ bq, Z_vwc cybRb wPiKvj PjZ
_vKe| hLb me AvZv gywjvf Kie, ZLb cybivq Zv`iK
cqvRbeva gyw nZ ei Ki `qv ne|2
(1) kvn&bvq-nK, 24 c: c_g msiiY|
(2) ZewjM-wimvjZ, c_g L, 667 c:|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

61

wb:m`n GUv `qvb` gnvkqi LvjvLywj civRq Ges nhiZ AvK`vmi

my weRq| hLb RbmgvR GB gvKvejv wbq Lye AvjvPbv Pjj,
ZLb cwZRx Acgvb XvKevi Rb ZuvK ZKhy Avnvb Kij| nhiZ
AvK`vm ZrYvr cwZRxi Avnvb mvov w`jb| wK cwZRx wbRB
ZK _K c c`kb Kij| GB c c`kbi Kwg KviY eYbv KiZ
wMq RbK Avh mgvRx cwZ gnvkq wjLQb :
Avh mgvRi AfixY gZf`i dj wghv Mvjvg Avn&g` Kvw`qvbx
myhvM jvf Kijb| wZwb Avh mgvRi wei AgZmii mwdi wn`&
cwKvq avivevwnKfve `xNKvjevcx cei ci ce wjLv i Kijb|
IB mKj ce ^vgx `qvb`Rx gnvivRK cwZhvwMZvg~jK gvKvejvi
AvnvbI Kij| ^vgx `vqb` IB mgq ivRvb cwigY wQjb GB Rb
wZwb eL&ZvIi wmsn Ges gybwk B`gb gyiv`vev`xK Avnvb mvov w`Z
ejwQjb| wK `y:Li welq, wVK mB mgq Kvbv KviY ^vgxRx B`gb
gyiv`vev`xK Avh mgvR _K ewnKZ Ki `b| G Rb gyevnvmv
nqwb| nhiZ wghv Mvjvg Avng` (mvne) GB NUbvi cyivcywi dj jvf
Kijb Ges Avh`i wei Ggb AKvU hywc~Y mvwnZ cYqb Kijb
h, Gi dj gymjgvb`i gb Avh ag m^ NYvi mw nj|1

ev Av`vjbi AKZKvhZv :
Bmjvgi wei Aci GKwU kwkvjx Av`vjb ev mgvR cwiPvwjZ
KiwQj| nhiZ AvK`vm Gi weiI Gic Zxe mgvjvPbv Kijb h,
mUv ewk`~i AMmi nZ cvij bv| ev mgvRi GK bZv wjLQ :
ivRv ivggvnb ivqi gnv ewZi dj ev mgvR Bsjv I
AvgwiKvq BDwbUwiqvb PvP ic vwcZ nj| wK `ytLi welq Kvw`qvbx
mc`vqi KviY fviZeli gymjgvb`i Dci AZ Kzcfve Rbvj
Ges gymjgvb`i ga kv` ewMY, hviv evmgvRi wbqgvPvi
ekZ: cfvevw^Z nqwQjb, cvq mevB cv`c` njb|2
ev mgvRi Aci GK bZv `e` cvj gnvkq wjLQ :
ev mgvR Av`vjb GKwU gnv SwUKvic DwZ nj Ges `LZ `LZ
(1) AvwiqvmgvR AvIi cPvi K mvabv cwZ `e` cYxZ, 12 c:|
(2) wn`yZ (wn`x) ivg`vm Mo cYxZ, 982 c:|

62

nvqvZ ZvBqev

ay fviZelB bq we`kI kvLv wevi jvf Kij| fviZ ay wn`y I

wkLMY Gi cfve MnY Kijb Ggb bq, eis gymjgvb mc`vqi ga
_KI GKwU enr `j GZ hvM`vb Kijb| cwZw`b kZ kZ gymjgvb
ev mgvR cek KiZ jvMjb| `xv MnY i nIqvi mB Rvbv
Mj, eo eo gymjgvb cwievi ev mgvRi mv_ ay mngZB cvlY
KiZb bv eis `igZ GB mgvRi m`mI nqwQjb| wK wVK mB
mgqB gymjgvbMYi GKRb k wevb wghv Mvjvg Avn&g` Kvw`qvbx
wn`y I wLvb`i wei M cYqb i Kib Ges ZK hy Zv`iK
Avnvb Kib| `ytLi welq, ev mgvRi Kvbv wevbB GB Avnvbi
cwZ gbvwbek Kibwb| dj, h me gymjgvb ev mgvRi wkv viv
cfvweZ nqwQjb, Zviv ay mi cojb, ZvB bq, eis h me gymjgvb
ev mgvR ixwZgZ cek Kib, ZvivI gk evmgvR cwiZvM
Kijb|1

evivnxb Avn&g`xqv cYqb I cKvk:

nhiZ AvK`vm j Kijb, Bmjvgweivax DwjwLZ Av`vjbjv
mK ay KvMR ce cKvk viv vqx dj jvf meci bq| KviY,
cwKv ew`b msiwZ nq bv| wKQy mgq PPv _vK| Zvici, g~j welq
gvbyli wZ _K AcmZ nq| myZivs, wZwb evivnxb Avn&g`xqv bvgK
GKwU vqx M cYqb Kib| GB cyK wZwb KziAvb gRx` Ges AuvnhiZ mvjvjv AvjvBn Iqvmvjvgi mZZv m^ Ggb kwkvjx cgvY
Dcvcb Kijb h, RMZ PgrKZ nj|
Avh mgvR e`i ci Kvb Hkx evYx ^xKvi KiZ bv| evmgvR g~j
BjnvgB A^xKvi Kib Ges gywi Rb ay weeKKB h_ gb Ki|
cvvZ `kb kvi viv cfvevw^Z gymjgvbivI BDivci Ro DbwZ
`L Bj&nvgi A^xKvii cwZ SzK cowQjb| Bmjvgi AvjgMY
mvgvb K_vq GK AciK Kzdii dZvqv `qvq wj wQjb| Bmjvg
GKvB wb:^ I wb:mnvq Aevq wbcwZZ nqwQj| wKQy jvK wLvb ag
Avkq MnY KiwQj Ges wKQy jvK Avh mgvR Ges ev mgvRi KzwMZ
nwQj| Ggb cwiwwZi mgq Kvw`qvbi wbRb KvY _K Lv`vi GKRb
cvnjvqvb DwZ njb| wZwb KziAvb gwR`i kZ, Auv-nhiZ mvjvjv
(1) Kgy`x; , (wn`y c) KwjKvZv, AvM 1920|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

63

AvjvBn Iqvmvjvgi mZZv, Bj&nvgi cqvRbxqZv Ges Gi cKZ Z

I Z_ cwic~Y, Ggb GKwU AZjbxq M cYqb Kijb h, Gi dj
GKw`K Bmjvgi kiv bvRnvj I ch`y nq coj Ges Abw`K
fviZevmx gymjgvb`i mvnm eo Mj| GB cyKi c_g L 1880
mvj cKvwkZ nq| GB L wZwb cw_exi hveZxq agi bZeMK Avnvb
Rvwbq ejb, KziAvb gwR`i h_v_Zv Ges Auv-nhiZ mvjvjv AvjvBn
Iqvmvjvgi mZZv cgvY Kivi Rb wZwb h me hyw ^xq Bjnvgx cyK
A_vr KziAvb Kixg _K Dcvcb KiQb, hw` Kvbv Agymjgvb Gi
AaK ev GK-ZZxqvsk, ev GK-PZz_vsk ev GK-cgvskI Zv`i ag
wekvmi mZZvi cgvY ic Zv`i Hkx cyK _K c`kb KiZ cvib,
A_ev hw` hyw DcwZ KiZ Ag nb Ze wZwb h me hyw w`qQb,
IjvK avivevwnKfve Lb Kib, Ze wZwb Zvi `k mnm UvKvi
mw Zvi nvZ mgcY Kieb| wK GB kZ evaKi _vKe h,
wbevwPZ wZbRb RRi GKwU evW GB wggvsmv w`eb h kZvbyhvqx Reve
`qv nqQ|
GB Pvji cZzi Kvbv Kvbv Bmjvgweivax GB KZvei i`
wjLvi ZvoRvo NvlYv KiZ jvMj| GZ wZwb ZrYvr wjLjb :
me mvnevbKB w`e w`q ejwQ h, Avgvi gvKvwejv KiZ wKwrgv
wej^ Kieb bv| cvZz nvb, evKbi AeZvi nvb, AvwiZji `w I
wPv kw Avbqb Kib, ^KwZ CkiMYi KvQ mvnvhv_ KiRvo
Kib, Zvici `Lyb, Avgvi Lv`v weRqx nbbv Avcbv`i KwZ
fMevb`i weRq nq|1
GB KZvei Reve Kvbv M cKvk Kiv wLvb, Avh mgvR Ges ev
mgvRi KZe wQj| wK ^vgx `qvb` evivnxb-Avn&g`xqv cKvwkZ
nIqvi ci wZb eQi ch RxweZ _KI m~Y bxie _vKj| ev mgvRI
Pzc _vKj| Aek ckvIqvii RbK Avh cwZ jLivg whwb ci Zuvi
gvKvwejvq DcwZ nq Avh mc`vqi Kcvj wPi civRqi wUKv
jvwMq Bnavg ZvM Kib, ZK&Rxe evivnxb Avng`xqv bvgK GKwU
cyK wjLb| hviv GB cwZ gnvkqi iPbvw` `Lvi myhvM jvf
KiQb, Zviv Dgfve Rvbb, Zvi jLvZ MvjvMvwj I Vvv we`c
ewZZ Avi wKQyB _vKZ bv| DwjwLZ cyKwUi bvg _KB cZxqgvb nq
(1) evivnxb Avng`xqv, wZxq L, Kfvi cR, 2, 3, 4 c:|

64

nvqvZ ZvBqev

G welqe Kej Aevi evKi mgw wQj| wK GiI Reve `qv nq|
nhiZ AvK`vmi ^bvgLvZ wkl nhiZ gjvbv byixb mvne ivwh
Avjv Avb&whwb ci Zuvi c_g Lwjdv c` AwawZ nb, Zmw`K
evivnxb Avn&g`xqv bvg Gi Reve cKvk Kib, hv covi gZ GKwU
cyK| wZwb Qvov AviI Kvbv Kvbv ew hviv Avng`xqv wmjwmjvq
hvM`vb Kibwb, evivnxb Avng`xqvi mg_b Ges ZK&Rxe evivnxbAvng`xqvi Lbg~jK AbK wKZve wjwce Kib|
Avwg AvM DjL KiwQ h, D g~jevb cyK cvV gymjgvbi mvnm
eo hvq Ges Zviv GK AhvwPZ abic cq GB cyKi ghv`v I
mvb w`Z _vKb| Z`bymvi wb KqKRb MYgvb gymjgvbi AwfgZ
DZ Kiv nj|

evivnxb Avn&g`xqv m^ gjex Avey mvqx` gynv` mvBb

evUvjexi AwfgZ:
cwm Avnj nvw`m bZv gjex Avey mvqx` gynv` mvBb evUvjex
wjLQb:
Avgv`i gZ GB wKZve G hyM eZgvb Aevi cwicwZ Ggb GKwU
wKZve hvi Zj Kvbv cyK AvR ch Bmjvg iwPZ nqwb Ges
fwelZi K_v Rvbv bB|1
Gi cYZvI Bmjvgi mvnvh ab I cvY, Kjg, KvMR, jLv I Kvh Ges
Av`k I AvjvPbv viv Ggb GKwb cgvwYZ nqQb h, Zvi Zzjbv
c~eeZx gymjgvb`i ga GKvB weij|
Avgv`i GB K_vjvK KD c~e`kxq AwZib gb Kij Avgv`i
AZ: Ggb GKwU wKZvei bvg ej w`Z ne hvi ga Bmjvgi mg
weivax mc`vqi wekl Ki Avh I ev mgvRi Ggb Rvi`vi Lb
AvQ Ges Bmjvgi Ggb `yB PviRb meKi mvb w`Z ne hviv
Bmjvgi Rb Rvb, gvj, Kjg I K_vi viv mev Kiv QvovI Av`k
bgybvi `vwqZI enb KiQb Ges Bmjvgi weiev`x I Bjnvg
Awekvmx`i cwZhvwMZv Kivi Rb exiZeK Avnvb w`q `vwe KiQb
(1) myivZvjvK iKz 2| Abyev` : nqZ Avjvn& ZvAvjv Gici bZzb wKQy mw
Kieb|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

65

h, Bjnvg mK hvi m`n nq, wZwb Avgvi KvQ DcwZ nq

AwfZv I cZ vb jvf Kib| GB cKvi AwfZv cZ `kbi
im-^v` MnY Kivi Avnvb weRvZxq`iKI c`vb KiQb|1

mywd Avn&g` Rvb mvnei AwfgZ :

mywd nhiZ nvRx Avn&g` Rvb mvne jywaqvbvi GK mycwm Avjg wQjb
Ges Zvi fgwj AbK `~i-`~ivevcx weZZ wQjb| wZwb wjLQb :
gnvgwng, wek KjvYKi cig `vbkxj Bmjvgi Rxe cZxK, meRb
eiY nhiZ wghv Mvjvg Avn&g` mvne (wPi Avwkm Zvi Dci) cvvei
i`vmcyi Rjvi AMZ Kvw`qvbi cavb mv cyil wQjb| Zvi cYxZ
wZbkZ dgvi cyK evivnxb Avng`xqv cvj D`y fvlvq jLv| cvq
cuqwk dgvhy Gi Pvi L AZ gbvigfve QvcvI nq MQ| Aewk
AskjvI gk: cKvwkZ nq Zv`i KvQ cQZ _vKe| wZwb-GB
wKZve Bmjvg ag Avi gynv` mvjvjv AvjvBn Iqmvjvgi beyIZ Ges
KziAvb kixdi mZZvi wZbk hwK I HwZnvwmK cgvY viv
cwZcv`b KiQb wLvb, Avh, cKZev`x, wn`y I evmgvR cfwZ
agjvi me Bmjvg weivax Acev` MelYv Ki Lb KiQb| MKvi
gnv`q `k nvRvi UvKv cyivi c`vbi BkZnvi w`qQb| hw`
Bmjvgi weiev`x ev Bmjvg A^xKviKvix G cyK c` mg cgvY ev
AaK ev GK cgvskI Lb KiZ cvi Ze, MKvi mvne Zuvi `k
nvRvi UvKv g~ji mw Zvi bvg wjLw`eb| GB PZz`k kZvxZ
hLb cZK agi gaB AbvPvii So eBQ Ges bZzb bZzb jvK
Kvdi nQ Ges bZzb bZzb jvK gymjgvb nQ ZLb Ggb& GKwU M
Ges Ggb GKRb gyRv`i GKv cqvRb wQj, hic evivnxb
Avng`xqv M Ges Gi cYZv Rbve kq me wghv Mvjvg Avng`
mvne `vgv dvqhy (Zuvi Dci wbZ AvavwZK KjvY nvK) wZwb
Bmjvgi me cKvii `vwe weiev`x`i KvQ cgvY KiZ cZ| Zuvi
eqm Pwjk wK cuqZvwjk ne, Zuvi c~ecyil`i Avw` evmvb cvPxb cvim
ej Rvbv hvq| wZwb AZ f`, AgvwqK I jvkxj mycyil| Zuvi Pnviv
_K Hkx cg wb:mZ nq| cvVK, Avwg m`yk Ges mZi cig
AbyciYvq wbe`b KiwQ h, wb:m`n Rbve wghv mvne hyM gyRv`,
(1) BkvAvZzm, mybvn, mg L, l msLv, 169-170 c:|

66

nvqvZ ZvBqev

agv^lx`i Rb m~h^ic, c_`i Rb c_ c`kK, Bmjvg weivax`i

Rb ziavi Zievwi, ClvcivqY`i Rb AKvU cgvY| wbwZ fve Rb
bvI cybivq Ggb mgq Avi cve bv| Avjvni BZ Kvqg nqQ| Dj
cfvKiic AKvU cgvYvw`mn Gic c_ c`kK ^ic cwiZ nqQb,
hb wZwb mZi Abyi ew`iK Avjv `vb Kib AKvi I
wec_MvwgZv _K ei Kib Ges wg_vev`x`i wei `wjj Kvqg
Kib|1
mywd Avn&g` Rvb mvne, huvi mgvjvPbv Dci c` nj wZwb GKRb
Kvgj mywd wQjb| nvRvi nvRvi f Zuvi KvQ eqAvZ MnYc~eK Zuvi
gwjfy nqwQjb| wK wZwb hLb evivnxb-Avn&g`xqv `kb Kijb
Agwb cvVKMYi c nZ nhiZ AvK`vmK m^vabc~eK ejjb:
(A_vr, Avgiv hZ ivMx ZvgviB Ici Avgv`i mKji `w wbe, Zzwg
Lv`vi Dk Avgv`i gwmn& nI|)
ay GUvB bq, AZ:ci hLbB Kvbv ew Zvi wkl nIqvi Rb AvmZ,
wZwb ejZb:
m~hi D`q nqQ| GLb ZviKvjvi cqvRb bB| hvI, nhiZ
mvnei KvQ `xv MnY Ki|2
cwm AvQ h, wZwb nhiZ AvK`vmi KvQ `xv MnYi Rb Ave`bI
KiwQjb| wK hyi ejjb, h, Avjvn ZvAvjvi c _K Av`k bv
nIqv ch eqAvZ wbZ wZwb cyZ bb|

gjex gynv` kixd mvne evvjvixi AwfgZ :

gjvbv gynv` kixd mvne evvjvii weLvZ gymjgvb msev`c
gbmyi gynv`xi mv`K wQjb| wZwb RvAvj& nvv I hvnvKvj
evZjv, Bbvj evZjv Kvbv hvKv (mZ GmQ, AmZ cjvqb KiQ;
wbqB AmZ `Z cjvqb Ki _vK) kxlK ce wjLjb:
`xN K vj hveZ Avgv`i AvM n wQj Bmjvgi Avjg`i ga Kvb
(1) ZvAvm&myivZ Kvw`qvb, gvjxK dRj mvqb mvne cYxZ, 64-68 c:|
(2) GjvgvZ Lv`vI` Kixg, cxi BdZLvi Avng` mvne cYxZ|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

67

nhiZ, hvK Lv`v xbi mvnvh Kivi ZwdK `b, Ggb Kvbv wKZve
iPbv cYqb I msKjb Kib, hv eZgvb KvjvchvMx nq Ges hwK I
HwZnvwmK cgvY viv KziAvb Kixg Avjvn ZvAvjvi evK nIqv Ges AuvnhiZ mvjvjv AvjvBn Iqvmvjvgi beyIZi mZZv cwZcv` Ki|
Lv`vi kvKi, GB AvMn c~Y nqQ|1

KqK gvm ci Avevi wjLjb:

GB wKZvei AwaK cksmv Kiv me bq| cKZ c, hic Mfxi
MelYv viv GB wKZve Bmjvgi k`i Dci Bmjvgi cvavb
cwZwZ Kiv nqQ Zv Kvbv cksmvi Acv ivL bv|
wK Avgiv GUv bv ej cvwi bv h, wbtm`n wKZvewUi Kvbv Zzjbv
bB Ges hfve gnvcivgi mv_ h_v_ cgvY `qv nqQ Ges MKvi
gvv whjy (Zuvi Qvqv `xN nvK) Zuvi Kvkd I Bjnvg mg~nI Bmjvgi
weiev`x`i KvQ cKvk Ki w`qQb ZvZ KviI Kvbv m`n _vKj
Zviv Hkx Kvkd Ges cig RvwZgvjv hv Hkx Kcv Gme welq MKvii
cwe mvnPh _K cZ AwfZv jvf KiZ cvi|
Bmjvgi c-cvlKZvq Ges beyIZ I KziAvbi mZZv msvcb GB
jv-Reve wKZvei KvbB Zzjbv bB| GUv Ggb DPvi iPbv Ges
AKvU hyw cgvY m^wjZ h Gi Dii Rb weiev`x`i `k nvRvi
UvKvi cyivi c`vbi NvlYv Kiv nqQ| GB BkZnvi eKvj AvM
`qv nq| wK KD G ch Kjg aivi mvnm Kiwb|2

evivnxb-Avn&g`xqvi wewfb L cKvki mgq Kvj:

evivnxb-Avng`xqvi c_g `yB L 1880 mvj, ZZxq L 1882 mvj
Ges PZz_ L 1883 mvj cKvwkZ nq|

evivnxb-Avn&g`xqv cKvki Rb nhiZ AvK`vmi cPv :

`ki cwm cwKvjvi e`jZ evivnxb Avng`xqvi cwiPq `ki
GK cv nZ Aci cv ch wevi jvf Kij| wK AwaKvsk gymjgvb
(1) gbmyi gynv` (evvjvi) 25 iRe 1300 wn: mvj|
(2) gbmyi gynv`, (evvjvi) 5B Rgvw`Dj AvLi, 1301 wn: mvj

68

nvqvZ ZvBqev

Avgxi Dgviv Gic D`vmxb wQj h, GB wKZve Kbvi Rb nhiZ

mvneK gvMZ Zv`i c wjLZ nqwQj| G mgq wZwb fxlY Kge
_vKZb Zey, wZwb wbRB cvKU cZ KiZb Ges MvnKi wVKvbvI
wjLZb|

beve wmwK nvmvb Luvi Avh eenvi :

beve wmwK nvmvb Luv mvne gig, Avnj-nvw`m mc`vqi GKRb
cwm Avjg wQjb| f~cvji kvmb KZv beve kvnRvnvb eMgi mv_
Zvi weq nIqvq Zvi LvwZ Aviv Qwoq co| wZwb agxq cyKvw`
cKvki Rb wekl hZevb wQjb| GRb nhiZ AvK`vm ZvK GKRb
my` gymjgvb gb Ki evivnxb Avn&g`xqv cKvk Ask MnYi cwZ
Zvi `w AvKlY Kib| nhiZi ciYvi dj c_g wZwb cbi wekwU
eB Kbvi BQv cKvk Kib| wK wZxqevi GwelqwU iY Kivbv nj
wZwb BsiR MfYgUi fqi IRi w`q cwivifve A^xKwZ vcb
Kib Ges evivnxb-Avn&g`xqvi h cvKU Zvi KvQ cuQwQj Zv wQb
wewQb Ki cZvLvb Kib| nhiZ AvK`vmi GKRb gyix` nvdR
nvg` Avjx kvn mvne ejb, hLb wKZve dir Avmj ZLb nhiZ mvne
cvqPvwi KiwQjb| wKZvei Ggb `y`kv `L nhiZi Pnviv gyeviK
cwieZb nq Mj Ges ivM ieY aviY Kij| nhiZ mvneK Rxeb
Gic ivMvw^Z nZ `Lv hvqwb| Zuvi Pnviv `L gb nwQj wZwb AZ
Am nqQb| wZwb `i gZ Gw`K mw`K cvqPvwi KiZ jvMjb Ges
wbie _vKjb| nVvr Zvi cwe gyL _K GB kjv DPvwiZ nj :
AvQv, Avcwb Avcbvi MfYgUK m Kib|
GB `vqvI Kijb Zvi mvb web nvK| AZ:ci, evivnxbAvn&g`xqvi PZz_ L cKvk Kvj nhiZ AvK`vm beve mvnei GB bxwZ
wei AvPiYi cwZ mZc~eK wjLjb:
AvgivI beve mvneK fimvi j gb Kwi bv| Lv`ve` KixgB
wbfij Ges wZwbB h_| (Lv`v Kib, BsiR MfYgU beve mvnei
cwZ AZ m nvK)|1
(1) PZz_ L evivnxb-Avng`xqvi mv_ BkZnvi|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

69

nhiZ AvK`vmi Gic jLvi KqK gvm ciB, h BsiR MfYgUi

mwi Rb beve mvne evivnxb-Avn&g`xqv q KiZ A^xKvi
KiwQjb, mB BsiR MfYgU Zvi wei GKwU ivRbwZK gvKgv
`uvo Kivq| Zvi beve Dcvwa Ko bqv njv| Gi dj, beve mvne
ek DwM nq cojb, Avj-Avgvb Iqvj nvdxh| GB me wec`vc`
_K wbKwZ cvIqvi Rb wZwb e Pv Kijb| Kvbv PvB mdj nj
bv| Gm^ nhiZ AvK`vm ejb:
beve wmwK nvmvb Luv mvnei Ici GB h wec` (GeZjv) DcwZ
nqwQj Zv Avgvi GKwU fwelvYxi dj nqwQj| evivnxbAvn&g`xqvZ Zv wjwLZ AvQ| wZwb Avgvi wKZve evivnxb-Avn&g`xqv
wQbwfb Ki cZvLvb Kib| Avwg `vqv Kijvg, Zvi mvb web nvK|
eZ: GgbB NUj|1
beve mvne hLb Zvi Aciva eySZ cvijb, wZwb nhiZ AvK`vmi
L`gZ AZ Abybq webq Ki chvM `vqvi Ave`b Kijb|
nhiZ AvK`vm ejb :
ZLb Avwg ZvK Kcvi cv gb Ki `vqv Kijvg| Avjvn ZvAvjv
AvgvK ejjb kvw _K ZvK iv Kiv nj| Aekl wKQyKvj ci
Zvi m^ MfYgUi Av`k nj, wmwK nvmvb Luv mwKZ beve Dcvwa
envj iBj|2

evivnxb-Avn&g`xqvi cKvk g~jZwe:

evivnxb Avng`xqvi PZz_ L 1804 wLv cKvwkZ nq| GB Li
kl cvq nhiZ AvK`vm GB NvlYv cKvk Kib:
c_g hLb GB wKZve cYqb Kiv nq, ZLb Gi Ab cKvi Aev wQj|
AZ:ci mnmv Hkx gwngv cKvwkZ njv GB Aagvag ev`vK gymvi bvq
Ggb GK RMZ m^ msev` `qv njv hvi m^ GB Aagi BwZc~e
Kvbv cwiPq wQj bv| A_vr, GB AagI nhiZ Beb Bgivbi bvq Zvi
wPvi AKvi ivZ cwigY e wQj| GKevi c`vi Aivj _K Bwb
Avbv iveyKv (AvwgB Zvgvi cfy, mw I cvjbKZv) k nj Ges Ggb
(1) I
(2) ZvwZvq-nvwKvZzj-Anx 37c:

70

nvqvZ ZvBqev

welq mg~n cKvwkZ nj hv Avgvi vb ev aviYvi AZxZ wQj| myZivs

GLb nZ cKvk I AcKvk nhiZ iveyj Avjvgxb Avgvi AwffveK I
KvhwbevnK njb|1
Z`byhvqx msviK I cZvw` nIqvi `vwei ci Hkx BQvq 23 eQi ch
evivnxb Avng`xqvi cieZx Aski g~`Y gyjZwe iBj| Aekl, 1905
wLv Gi cg I kl L cKvwkZ nj| hw`I GB L c~eeZx Li
iPbvi mv_ avivevwnKZv wQj bv, Z_vwc GB `xN mgq evivnxb
Avng`xqvi c_g PviwU L ewYZ fwelvYxjvi c~YZvi weeiY w`q
GK wnmve nyRyi c~eeZx Ljvi mv_ Gi mshvM iv KiQb|

gyRvw`qZ I gvgywiqZ mwKZ c_g Bj&nvgt

evivnxb-Avn&g`xqvi Pvi L wbq GK m AvjvPbvq evcZ nIqvq
Avgiv gaeZx NUbvmg~n cwiZvM KiwQjvg| myZivs, Zr-mgy`qi
AvjvPbv Avevi i KiwQ|
1882 mvji K_v| nhiZ AvK`vm ejb:
GKevi Bjnvg nj
(EajvKi dik&ZvMY
AvjvPbviZ)| A_vr, Hkx Awfcvq ag mxebv_ Dx| wK EajvK
GLbI wixKZ nqwb h, cvY mviK K neb?2
AZ:ci, cii cvq wjLQb :
GB mgq Avwg ^c `Ljvg, RbmvaviY GKRb mxebKvixi A^lY
KiQ Ges GK ew Avgvi wbKU Gm CwZc~eK ejjv :
A_vr Bwb mB ew whwb Avjvni imyj (nhiZ gvnv` mv.) K
fvjevmb| GB evYxi Zvrch wQj, GB c`i c_g kZ imyj (mv.) Gi
cg| Zv GB ewi ga c~Ygvvq AvQ|3
mB mgq AvunhiZ (m.) K GK ^c `Ljb :
GK ivZ Avwg wjLwQjvg| BwZga Avgvi Nyg cj| Avwg q Mjvg|
(1) nvg AvIi nvgvix wKZve, kl cv, evivnxb-Avn&g`xqv, PZz_ L|
(2) evivnxb-Avn&g`xqv, PZz_ L, 502 c:|
(3) IB 503 c:|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

71

ZLb Avwg Auv-nhiZ mvjvjv AvjvBn IqvmvjvgK `kb Kijvg| Zuvi

Pnviv c~Y P`i bvq Dj wQj| wZwb Avgvi wbKUeZx njb| Avwg
Ggb eva Kijvg h, wZwb AvgvK Avwjb KiZ Pvb| Avwg `Ljvg,
Zuvi Pnviv _K AvjvK-iwk ~wiZ nq Avgvi ga cek KiQ| Avwg
GB ikxjvK evwnK AvjvK wnme jvf KiwQjvg Ges wbwZ
eySwQjvg h, Avwg ay A`w w`qB bq eis ^PI `LwQ Ges GB
Avwjbi ci Avwg GUv Abyfe Kwiwb h, wZwb Avgv nZ c_K njb ev
GUvI eywSwb h, wZwb cvb Kijb| AZ:ci, Avgvi Dci Bjnvg
Bjvnxi `iRv Lyj Mj Ges Avgvi ive& AvgvK m^vab Ki ejjb :1

A_vr n Avng`, Avjvn ZvAvjv ZvgvK Avwkm w`qQb| myZivs, Zzwg

agi mevi Dk h AvNvZ weiev`x`i Dci KiQ, Zv Zzwg Kiwb; eis
Avjvn& ZvAvjv KiQb| Lv`v ZvgvK KziAvb Kixgi vb `vb KiQb,
hvZ Zzwg Hme jvKK mZK Ki, hv`i c~e-cyil`iK mZK Kiv nqwb
Ges hvZ Acivax`i c_ cwivi nq hvq| jvK`iK ej, Lv`vi c
_K AvgvK Avw` (gvgyi) Kiv nqQ Ges Avwg mec_g Cgvb GbwQ|2
Dci ewYZ Bj&nvg Ges ^cjv _K GK_v my nq AvKvk
gvgywiqZi gnvb c` whwb Awfwl nIqvi wQjb Zvi Rb cavb kZ
GUvB wbavwiZ wQj h, wZwb Auv-nhiZ mvjvjv AvjvBn Iqv mvjvgi
cwZ Ggb cg I fvjvevmv cvlY Kieb h, cw_exZ Kv_vI Zvi
Zzjbv cvIqv hve bv| myZivs Zvi ga GB kZ c~Y nIqvq, Zuvi cB
wggvsmv c` nj| Avjvv mvj Avjv gynvv`I Iqv Avj gynvv`|
gvgywiqZ mK mec_g wZwb GB Bj&nvgB cv nb| wK ZLb ch
eqAvZ (`xv) MnY Avw` bv nIqvq, wZwb `xv wbq ixwZgZ Kvbv
RvgvZi wfw vcb Kibwb|
G mgqB wZwb Ggb Kvbv Kvbv Bj&nvg cv nb, hv viv cwZqgvb nq,
wkMwMiB IB mgq AvmQ, hLb AmsL gvbyl Zvgvi KvQ _K Avwkm
(1) Avqbvq KvgvjvZ Bmjvg, 550 c:|
(2) evivnxb-Avn&g`xqv, ZZxq L, 238 c:, nvwkqv `i nvwkqv|

72

nvqvZ ZvBqev

jvf Kivi Rb Kvw`qvb Avme|1 mveavb, e jvKmgvMg I

mvvZi dj KLbI weiw eva Kie bv|2 eZ, hZB Zuvi Dj
fwelr m^ AewnZ Kivi Dk Zuvi Dci Bjnvgi ci Bjnvg
AeZxY nZ jvMj, wZwb Auv nhiZ mvjvjv AvjvBn Iqv mvjvgi cg
ZZB DbwZ KiZ jvMjb| KviY, wZwb Zv Dgic Dcjw KiwQjb
h, G me Hkx RvwZ ev Avb&Iqvi Bjvnx Auv-nhiZ mvjvjv AvjvBn
Iqv mvjvgi AbyewZZv I Avkxli djB cv nwQjb| GRb wZwb Zuvi
i bex mvjvjv AvjvBn Iqv mvjvgi Dci ej cwigvY `i` cvV
i Kijb| GgbwK, 1883 mvj Zuvi KvQ cKvk Kiv nj h, ZuvK
Ges nhiZ Cmv AvjvBnm& mvjvgK GKB mv w`q mw Kiv nqQ Ges
Zuviv GKB ei m`k|3
GB mgqB `i` kixd cvVi AbyciYvmn GB Bjnvg nqwQj :
A_vr Auv-nhiZ mvjvjv AvjvBn Iqv mvjvg Av`g mvb`i ga k
cyil Ges wZwb LvZvgvb&-bvexqxb| Zuvi Dci Ges Zuvi AbyeZxi Dci
`i` cvV Ki|4 eZ: wZwb Auv-nhiZ mvjvjv AvjvBn Iqv mvjvgi
Dci GZ AwaK `i` cvV i Kijb h, wZwb ejb:
GB mgq Avgvi iY AvQ h, GK ivZ GB Aag GZ AwaK `i` cvV
Kij h, gvb-cvY Zvviv, mifgq nq Mj| mB ivZ ^c `Ljvg
h, ^Q mywg Rji AvKvi RvwZi gkK mg~n dikZvMY GB Aagi
Ni AvmQb| Zv`i ga GKRb ejj h, GB Avwkmjv ZvB hv Zzwg
gynv`i cwZ cvwVqwQj| mvjvjv AvjvBn Iqv mvjvg|5 Gmgq wZwb
GB Bjnvg cv njb|
A_vr, Zzwg jvK`iK ej, hw` Zvgiv Avjvn& ZvAvjvi mv_ cg KiZ
PvI, Ze Gi GKwU gv c_ AvQ Ges Zv njv, Avgvi AbyewZZv Ki|6
(1) evivnxb-Avn&g`xqv, ZZxq, L, 24 c: nZ Abyw`Z|
(2) IB 242 c:|
(3) nvgvgvZzj eykiv nZ Abyw`Z, 42 c:|
(4) evivnxb-Avn&g`xqv, PZz_ L, 502-503 c:|
(5) evivnxb-Avn&g`xqv, PZz_ L, 502 c:|
(6) evivnxb-Avn&g`xqv, PZz_ L, 240 c:|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

73

Avgiv Avjvn ZvAvjvi cweZv NvlYv Kwi| wK Avh Hkx AbyKv!

ZuvK Av`k Kiv nj, hw` Zzwg Avgvi `ievi DPvb jvf KiZ PvI,
Zv nj Auv nhiZ mvjvjv AvjvBn Iqv mvjvgi cwZ AwaK gvvq `i`
cvV Ki, Ges Zuvi hyMi gvbylK Av`k Kiv nj, GhyM hw` Zvgiv
Avjvni mv_ cg KiZ PvI, Zv nj Zvgiv GB ewi AbyMvgx nI|
myenvbvjvn Iqv envg`wn, myenvbvjvwnj Avhxg| Avjvv mvj Avjv
gynv`I Iqv Avjv Avj gynvv`|

wghv Mvjvg Kv`i mvnei gZz :

nhiZ AvK`vm Gi R vZv wghv Mvjvg Kv`i mvne 1868 mjI
GKevi AZ Amy nq cob| Avjvn ZvAvjv ZuvK ^chvM vZ
KiwQjb h, Zuv`i GKRb c~ecyil Zuvi vZvK Avnvb KiQb| GB
cKvi ^ci A_ gZz| GRb wZwb AZ DwM njb| wZwb Zvi ^vi
Rb KvbvKvwU Ki Lv`v ZvAvjvi KvQ `vqv Kijb| wKQyw`b ci ^c
`LZ cjb h, Zuvi vZv m~Y my ewi bvq Kvb wKQzi Dci fi
bv w`q evwoZ Pjvdiv KiQb| eZ: Avjvn ZvAvjv ZvK AvivM
`vb Kijb| dvj&-nvg`y wjjvn Avjv hvjKv|
G NUbvi cbi eQi ci, 1883 mvj Kvbv Kvhvcj hyi AgZmi
Mgb Kib| Z_vq ^c `Ljb, GLb Zvi fvBqi Avqy c~Y nqQ|
kxNB wZwb Bnavg cwiZvM Kieb| wZwb GB ^cwU AgZmiB nvwKg
gynv` kixd mvneK ejjb Ges Zvi fvBKI c viv msev` w`jb,
Avcwb cvijwKK welq gbvhvMx nvb| KviY, AvgvK `Lvb nqQ
h, Avcbvi Rxebi Avi A w`b gv evwK AvQ| wghv Mvjvg Kv`i
mvne Nii mevBKB GB ^c ewYZ welqi Lei w`jb| AZ:ci,
KqK mvni gaB wZwb GB bki msmvi cwiZvM Kib|1 dv-Bbv
wjjvn I Bbv BjvBn ivRDb|

wghv myjZvb Avn&g`i Znkxj`vix cixvq KZKvhZv :

AvbygvwbK deqvwi 1884 mvj nhiZ AvK`vmi R cy wghv myjZvb
Avng` mvne Znkxj`vi PvKwii Rb cixv `b Ges cvm nIqvi Rb
(1) wZiBqvKzj-Kzjye 69 c:|

74

nvqvZ ZvBqev

wcZvi KvQ c viv `vqvi Ave`b Kib| nyhyi AvjvBnm& mvjvg

ejb:
mB c cvV Ki cvw_e welq Zvi GZ wPv `L `qvi cwieZ Avgvi
ivM Rbvjv| GB Aag cwU cvV Kiv gv AZ NYv eva Kijvg Ges
cwU wQuo djjvg| gb gb msKvP eva KiwQjvg GB fe h, GKwU
cvw_e welq wbq wKfve Avgvi gvwjKi mvgb DcwZ nev? cwU
wQuoevi ciYB Bjnvg nj
cvm ne|
GB AvhRbK BjnvgI AwaKvsk ewKB Rvbvb nj| eZ: mB Qj
cvm Kij| dvj&nvg&`ywjjvn|1

hyi AvK`vmi wZxq weevn:

nhiZ AvK`vmi wZxq weevn m^ 1881 mvj _K Bj&nvg i nq|
wK 1884 mvj wMq Zv mymb nq|
1881 mvj wZwb Bj&nvg cv njb|
A_vr Avwg ZvgvK GK mykx cyi mymsev` w`wQ|2
mB mgqB Aviv GKwU Bjnvg nj:
A_vr KZ nI, Zzwg Avgvi Lw`RvK jvf Kij|3
Zgb Aviv GKwU Bjnvg cv njb:
A_vr mgK cksmvi cv Avjvn| wZwb Zvgvi eevwnK m^ GK f`
cwievii mv_ wi KiQb Ges Zvgvi wbR eskKI mv KiQb|4
Zgb GKevi wZwb GB Bj&nvg cv njb

(1) 1884mbi 11 g ZvwiL SvRhii beve Avjx gynv` Luv mvnei KvQ c|
(AvjnvKvg 3q el, 34 msLv, 23 m^i 1899 mvj)|
(2) wZiBqvKzj-Kzjye, 34 c:|
(3) bhyjyj gwmn 146-47 c:
(4) wZiBqvKzj Kzjye 64 c:

nvqvZ ZvBqev

75

A_vr Avwg Zvgvi Aviv GKwU weq Kivevi msK KiwQ| hveZxq
AvqvRb Avwg wbRB Kie| Kvbv welq Zvgvi Amyweav ne bv|
G mK dviwm fvlvZI GKwU Bjnvg cv nb:

A_vr cvxi Rb hv AvqvRbi cqvRb, Avwg AvqvRb Kie Ges

Zvgvi hveZxq cqvRb wbevn Kie|1

hyi ejb:
GB fwelvYx Acivci Bj&nvg AwaKZi cwivifve ejv nj| Ggb
wK, knii bvg ch ejv nj| A_vr w`jx| GB fwelvYx e ewK
kvbvbv nj| hgb wjwLZ nqwQj, Zgwb cKvwkZ nj| KviY, c~eeZx
Kvbv NwbZv ev AvZxqZvi mK bv _vKv mI w`jxZ GK f` I
cwm mq` cwievi Avgvi weq nj| hnZz Lv`v ZvAvjvi Iqv`v wQj
h, Avgvi esk Bmjvgi mvnvhv_ GK weivU wfw vcb Kieb Ges
Zv _K mB ewK cq`v Kieb hvi ga Avmgvbx in _vKe,
Zb wZwb GB cwievii Kbvi mv_ Avgvi cwiYq Ges Zvi Mf mB
me mvbi Rb nIqv cQ` Kijb, hviv Avgvi nvZ viv ewcZ RvwZ:
cw_exZ AwaK nZ AwaKZi wevi Kie| GUv KvKZvjxq evcvi wQj
h, mq`MYi `v`xi bvg mni evby Ges Avgvi GB wewe whwb Avgvi
fwelr eskaii gvZv neb Zuvi bvg bymir Rvnvb eMg| Gi ga GB
f jYi BwZ wQj ej gb nq h, Lv`v mgM weki mvnvhv_
Avgvi fwelr eskaii wfw cb KiQb| Lv`v ZvAvjvi ixwZ GB h,
KLbv KLbv bvgi gaI Zuvi fwelvYx AwbwnZ _vK|2
Dcii ewYZ welqi wek` NUbv GB : nhiZ gxi bvmi bIqve mvne
ivwhAvjv Avb& w`jxi GK mycwm mq` cwievii Dj iZ wQjb|
Zuvi KvQ wcZKj gyNj mbvcwZ Avgxij Dgviv kvg&mvgyjv beve
Lvb `vIivb Lvb evnv`yi eK&kx gb&myi R& bvg GK eyRyM wQjb Ges
gvZKj Zuvi mK nhiZ LvRv gxi `i` ingZzjvn AvjvBni mv_
wQj| ZK&Iqv cinRMvixZ Zvi cwievi mgM wn`yvb cwm| wZwb
PvKwii Rb cvve wQjb| i`vmcyi Rjvq Kvw`qvbi wbKUeZx
(1) kvn bvq-nK&, 57-58 c:|
(2) wZiBqvKzj-Kzjye, 64-65 c:|

76

nvqvZ ZvBqev

vbB, Lvm Kvw`qvb nhiZ AvK`vmi MnI wKQy mgq ZvK Aevb
KiZ nqwQj| wZwb nhiZ AvK`vmi cyY Pwi, ZvK&Iqv I cinRMvix
fvj gZv RvbZb| wZwb GLvb _K e`wj nq wKQz vb PvKwii ci
1884 mvj hLb gyjZvb cQjb ZLb wZwb Zvi Kbv bymiZ Rvnvb
eMgi weqi cqvRb Abyfe Kijb| m^ Abymvbv_ wZwb `xNKvjxb
QywU wbq w`jx Mgb Kib| mr I mvay RvgvZv cvevi Dk wZwb e
`vqv Kijb Ges nhiZ AvK`vmi L`gZI `vqvi Rb wjLjb|
nhiZ AvK`vmi wbRiB weqi cqvRb wQj|

nhiZ gxi bvmi bIqve mvne ejb:

Avgvi ci Di wghv mvne AvgvK wjLjb h, Zuvi c_gv xi mv_
Zuvi mK bv _vKvi gZ| wZwb AviKwU weq KiZ BQv Kib Ges
Avjvn& ZvAvjv Bjnvg viv ZvK vZ KiQb h, Zvi Lv`vb hgb fvj,
Zgwb ZvK mq``i gnr cwievi _K x `vb Kieb Ges GB weq
eiKZ c~Y ne| GB weqi hveZxq welqi wggvsmv I mvgwMK AvqvRb
Lv`v ZvAvjv wbRB Kieb| Zuvi KvbB eM cZ ne bv| GB wQj
Zuvi ci mvigg|
wZwb GUvI wjLjb, Avcwb mij wP Avcbvi Kbvi mv_ Avgvi weq
w`b| kl wggvsmv bv nIqv ch welqwU Mvcb ivLeb| cZvLvb
KiZ Ziv Kieb bv|1

nhiZ gxi bvmi bIqve mvne Aviv ejb :

c_g Avwg BZ:Z Kijvg| KviY, wghv mvnei eqm wQj wKQy ewk|
ZvQvov, wewe I mvb we`gvb Ges Avgv`i MviI bb| Zey nhiZ
wghv mvnei cyYgq Rxeb Ges mrcKwZi cwZ j Ki Avwg gb gb
GB mvay cyili mB Avgvi fvMeZx Kbvi weq `vb wi Kijvg|
KviY, c~Ygq Rxeb I mrcKwZ Avwg gb-cvY LuyRwQjvg| ZvQvov, w`jxi
Awaevmx`i Ges Z_vKvi AvPvi eenvi Avgvi KvQ AcQ`bxq wQj|2
gxi bvmi bIqve mvnei xi mv_ GB weevn wgZi KviY mgyn
bvbx Avv bvg cwiwPZ, eMg mvnevi gZi c_ GB evavjv wQj:
(1) nvqvZ bvmi, 7 c:|
(2) nvqvZ-bvmi, 7-8 c:|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

77

c_g, gbi ceva nwQj bv| wZxq eqmi wQj fxlY cv_K| ZZxqZ:
cvvex`i cwZ w`jxevmx AZ Akv cvlY KiZb|1

nhiZ bvbx Avv wbRi weeiY w`qQb:

hLb nhiZ mvne nhiZ gxi mvneK Zuvi wbRi Rb wjLjb, ZLb
Avwg fvj eva Kiev bv fq gxi mvne Avgvi mv_ AvjvPbv Kib
bvB| GB mgq AviI wKQz vb _K cve GmwQj| Kv_vI Avgvi
gb:cyZ nqwb| Aekl, GKw`b gxi mvne GKRb jywaqvbvi Awaevmx
m^ ejjb, Zvi c _K AZ AvMnc~Y Ave`b GmQ Ges
jvKwUI fvj| Zvi mv_B m^ Kiv nvK| wK Avwg hLb Zvi esk
BZvw` mK Abymvb Kijvg, ZLb m^wU mvlRbK gb nj bv|
Avwg A^xKvi Kijvg| GZ gxi mvne GKUz Am nq ejjb, gq
18 eQii nqQ| mvivRxebB wK ZvK GBfve ewmq ivLe? Avwg
ejjvg, G`i Pq Mvjvg Avng`B mnm Y fvj| gxi mvne
ZrYvr GKwU c ei Ki Avgvi myL ivLjb Ges ejjb, bvI,
wghv Mvjvg Avng`iI c GmQ| hv nq, GLwb Avgv`i wggvsmv
KiZ ne| Avwg ejjvg, AvQv, Ze Mvjvg Avng`K wjLyb|2
GZ nhiZ gxi mvne ZLwb Kjg `vqvZ wbq mwZc wjLjb|
nhiZ gxi mvnei c cvwi AvU w`b ci nhiZ AvK`vm Zuvi meK,
nhiZ nvdR nvg` Avjx, jvjv gvjvIqvgj Ges AviI `yB ewK m
wbq w`jx AvMgb Kijb| nhiZ gxi mvnei vwZeM GK_v RvbZ
ci AZ Am njb| GK Zv e, Z`ycwi cvvex! ZvK Kbv `vb
KiQ! nhiZ AvK`vm Kvb Ajvi ev Kvco m wbq hvbwb| ay
AvovBk UvKv bM` wQj| GZI AvZxq ^Rbiv we`c Kijb, fvj
weq w`qQb! AjviI bvB, Kvco PvcoI bvB!3
hv nvK, 1884 mvji 17 bf^i ZvwiL LvRv gxi `i` ivngvjvn
AvjvBni gmwR` Avmi Ges gvMiei AeZx mgq GMvi k UvKv
`b gvni avh gjex mq` bhxi mvqb mvne gynvm `njex GB
f weevn NvlYv Kijb| nhiZ gxi mvnei AvZxqiv ` wblY
(1) nvqvZ-Avn&g`, wZxq L, ZZxq msLv, 77c:|
(2) wmiZzj, gvn&`x, wZxq L, 110-111 c:|
(3) nvqvZ-Avn&g`, wZxq L, ZZxq msLv, 96 c:|

78

nvqvZ ZvBqev

Ki iq Mjb| nhiZ gxi mvne w`wjZB weevnvi iLmvZvbvi

KvR mb Kib| cii w`b nhiZ AvK`vm Kvw`qvb iIbv njb|
GBfve GB kv`x gyeviK mb nj| dvj&-nvg`ywjjvn Avjv hvjK|

jvj Kvwji AjwKK wQuUvi wb`kb:

1885 mvji 10 RyjvB ZvwiL mB AZvh I AjwKK wb`kb
cKvwkZ nq hv jvj wQuUvi wb`kb ej LvZ| mw`b wQj 27 ighvb,
evi| dRii bvgvRi ci nhiZ AvK`vm Afvmvbymvi wekvgv_
gmwR` gyeviKi msjM c~e w`K cKv wMq PvicvBi Dci kqb
Kib| nhiZ gjex Avyjvn mMbix mvne ivwh Avjvn Avb& G
mK ejb:
Avwg ZLb hyii cv `vevwQjvg| c~ew`K m~hv`q nj Ges KvgivwU
AvjvwKZ nj| nhiZ AvK`vm ZLb GKcvk q wQjb| wZwb Zvi
cwe gyLgji Dci Zuvi nvZi KbyB iLwQjb| ZLb Avwg Avb`
wefvi nq fvewQjvg, Avwg KZ mfvMevb! KZ Dg myhvM Avjvn
myenvbv ZvAvjv AvgvK w`qQb| ighvb kixdi 27 gyeviK ZvwiL|
kl gyeviK `k w`bi gaI evi! KZB gyeviK ce| huvi c`cv
emwQ wZwbI KZ gyeviK! Avjv AvKei! GZwj Avwkm AvR Avgvi Rb
GKwZ nqQ| Lv`vI` Kixg GLb hw` AvgvK nhiZ AvK`vmi Kvb
wb`kb c`kb Kib, wewP wK? Avwg cig myLgq GB fveavivi gaB
wbgM wQjvg Ges Zuvi Mvovwji KvQ wUcwQjvg| nVvr nhiZ AvK`vmi
gyeviK `n g`y Kb Abyfe Kijvg| GB Kbi mB hyi Zuvi nvZ
gyLgj _K Zzj wbq Avgvi cwZ ZvKvjb| ZLb Zuvi Pz hyMj
AkZ cwic~Y wQj | meZ Ak MwoqI cowQj| cybivq GKBfve
gyLi Dci nvZ iL wZwb q cojb| Ggb mgq, Avgvi `w Mvovwji
Dci coj| mLvb jvj Kvwji GK we`y `Ljvg| Kvwji duvUvwU m`
cwZZ nqwQj Ges ZLbI Zv weZZ nqwb| Avwg Avgvi ZRbxi AMfvM
IB we`yi Dci ivLZB Zv Qwoq coj| Kvwj Avgvi AvyjI jvMj|
ZLb Avwg AwffyZ nq cojvg Ges GB AvqvZ Avgvi gb D`q nj:
(Avjvn& ZvAvjvi iO Ges Avjvni iO Acv DrKZi wK?) gbi ga
GB K_vI Dw`Z nj h, GUv hw` Avjvni iO nq Zv nj meZ: GZ
myMwI AvQ| eZ: Avwg Avgvi Avyj w`q NvY wbjvg| wK Kvb M

nvqvZ ZvBqev

79

cjvg bv| Zvici, Avwg Mvovwji w`K _K Kvgii w`K wUcZ

jvMjvg| ZLb nhiZ AvK`vmi KzZvi DciI jvj Kvwji KqKwU wfRv
`vM `Ljvg| Avwg AZ Avhvw^Z njvg| Avwg mLvb _K DV
`uvovjvg Ges Kvgivi cZK vb Lye fvjgZ `Ljvg| wK Avwg
ieYi Kvbv wP Kvgivi ga cjvg bv| Aekl, Avwg nqivb nq
em cojvg Ges c~ei bvq cv wUcZ jvMjvg| nhiZ mvne gyLi Dci
nvZ iL NywgqB _vKjb| wKQzY ci hyi DV cijb Ges gmwR`
gyeviKi ga Gm emjb| Aag AvMi gZvB cybivq Zvi cv, Kvgi
BZvw` wUcZ jvMjvg|
ZLb Avwg Ryii KvQ AviR Kijvg, Ryi, GB Kvwj Kv_v nZ
coj? c_g Zv wZwb Kvb Di `bwb| Zvici, Aag cybivq Abyiva
Kij mg NUbvB Lyj ejjb, hv nhiZ AvK`vm weZZfve Zuvi
wKZve mg~n eYbv KiQb|1 wK ejvi AvM GB AagK iBqvZ evwi
ZvAvjv, A_vr Avjvni w``vi Ges w`evjvK ` ejvi evn RMZ
AvKwZ cwiMn mK nhiZ gwnDxb Beb Aviexi NUbvejx wbq
Dgfve eywSq w`jb-GB RMZ wm cyil`i gvayh I gwngvgq, wK^v
cZvcgq (Rvgvjx wK^v Rvjvjx) Kvbv Kvbv HkxY icK AvKwZZ
`Lvb nq _vK| Zvici, nhiZ AvgvK ejjb, Avcbvi KvcoI
Kvbv we`y cwZZ nqQ wK? Avwg Avgvi Kvco Gw`K mw`K `L
wbe`b Kijvg, nhiZ, Avgvi Dci Zv Kvb we`y co bvB| wZwb
ejjb, Avcbvi Uzwc `Lyb| Avgvi Uzwc mv`v gjgj wQj| Avwg Uywc
bvwgq `Ljvg Gi Dci GKwU we`y wQj| ZLb Avwg AZ m njvg,
Avgvi DciI Lv`v ZvAvjvi Kvwji GK we`y cwZZ nqQ| hyii h
KzZvi Dci Kvwji wQUv wbcwZZ nqwQj mUv GB Aag wekl Abyiva
Ki nhiZ AvK`vm _K ZveviK ^ic Pq wbjvg GB AxKvive
nq h, Avwg ImxqZ Ki hve hb Avgvi Kvdbi m GB KzZv `vdb
Kiv nq| Kbbv, nhiZ AvK`vm GB Rb Zv w`Z A^xKvi KiwQjb h,
Avgvi Ges Zvi ci Gi viv wkiK Qove jvK GK `kb K`
cwiYZ Kie Ges Gi c~Rv i Kie| eZ: e ev`vbyev`i ci Zv `vb
Kijb| GUv GLb ch Avgvi KvQ AvQ| jvj Kvwji `vM GLbI m~Y
AcwiewZZ Aevq we`gvb|2
(1) `Lyb, myigv Pkg Avwiqv, 131-32 c: bhyjyj-gwmn& BZvw`|
(2) Avj-dhj, 26 wWm^i 1916 mvj|

80

nvqvZ ZvBqev

nhiZ wgTv Ave`yjvn mvne mvbix ivwh Avjv Avb 1927 mvji 7
Avei ZvwiL cijvKMgb Kib|1 ZuvK Mvmj `qvi ci Zvi
ImxqZ Abymvi ZuvK GB KzZv civbv nq| webxZ MKviI Hme
mfvMkvjx ew`i ga GKRb hv`i GB KyZv `kbi fvMjvf
nqwQj|

wewfb agi bZeMK wb`kb `Lvi Avnvb Ges gyRvw`qvZ

I gvgywiqvZ NvlYv :
1885 mvji c_gw`K wZwb wewfb agi bZeM Ges Bmjvgi
mvi_x`iK m` eiKZ Ges wb`kbmg~n cZ Kivi Rb Avnvb
Rvbvb| GB Dk wZwb Zuvi `vwe m^wjZ GKwU cPvi c BsiwR Ges
D`y Dfq fvlvZB cKvk Kib| Zv _K Riwi DwZ GLvb Dcvcb
Kiv nj :
MKviK GB K_viI vb `qv nqQ wZwb mgmvgwqK gyRv` Ges
invbxfve Zvi KvgvjvZ (m`hvejx)| gwmn Beb gwiqvgi KvgvjvZi
Abyic Ges cii MfxiZg m^ I mv`k we`gvb| ay nhiZ
Lvqij evkvi I Avdhvjyi ivmyj (k gvbyl I k bex mvjvjv
AvjvBn Iqvmvjvg) Gi AbyewZZvi KjvY GB MKviK bex Ges
imyjMYi ewki bgybvq kxlvbxq e AvDwjqv Acv kZ `qv
nqQ Ges Zvi c`v Abymvi bvRvZ, mfvM I Avwkmjvfi Dcvq
Ges Gi weivPiYi dj wec_MvgxZv|2
GB cPvi c wek nvRvi cKvwkZ nq Ges weki mg ev`kvn, DwRi I
agxq bZv`i cvVvbv nq Ges Zv`iK GB ej Avnvb Rvbvbv nq hw`
Bmjvgi mZZv, A_ev Auv-nhiZ mvjvjv AvjvBn Imvjvgi mZZv
m^ Zuv`i Kvbv m`n _vK, A_ev Bjnvg A_ev mvi AwZ m^
Kvbv Avcw, wKsev KziAvb Kixgi kZ m^ Kvbv m`n _vK,
Ze Zuvi KvQ DcwZ nq ev cvjvc mw jvf KiZ cvib| mB
Avnvb NvlYv bvg GKwU cI cKvk Kiv nq| GZ wZwb cvve I
wn`yvbi wewfb agi bZeMK wb`kb `kbi Rb AvgY Kib|
GZ jLv wQj:
(1) wmiZzj-gvn&`x, wZxq L, 436 bs iIqvGZ|
(2) myigv Pkg Avwiqv, kvnbvq nK, Avqbvq KgvjvZ Bmjvg I eviKvZz`-`vqv|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

81

hw` Avcwb Avmb Ges GK eQi Aevb c~eK Kvbv ^Mxq wb`kb
cZ bv Kib, Ze gvwmK `yBk UvKv wnmve AvcbvK wZc~iY ev
Rwigvbv w`e|1

nhiZ AvK`vm ejb:

hw`I Avwg mgM wn`yvb Ges cvvei cv`x mvnevb Ges Avh
gnv`q`i KvQ DwjwLZ c iwRvix Ki cvVjvg, wK KD Kvw`qvb
Avmjb bv| gybwk B`gb mvnei Rb Pwek k UvKv bM` jvnvi
cvVvb nq| ZLb wZwb IRi c`kb Ki dwi`KvU cvb Kib| Aek,
jLivg bvgK GK ckIqvix cwZ Kvw`qvb GmwQj| ZvK evievi ejv
nqwQj h, Zvi hvMZv Abyhvqx A_ev wZwb ckIqvi PvKwii mgq h
eZb cZb, Zvi wY Avgvi KvQ _K cwZ gvm MnY Ki Aevb
Kib| Aekl ZvI ejv nqwQj h, GK eQi bv nj Pwjk w`bB _vKzb|
wK GB `yB K_vi ga GKwU K_vI wZwb MnY Kijb bv|2

PvPvZv fvB`i cwievi cwiRb m^ fwelvYx,

5B AvM 1885 mvj :
Kvbv wb`kb `Lvevi Rb Zvi PvPvZv fvB wghv Bgvgywb I bhvgywb
evievi wekl fve cxovcxwo KiZ _vK| GZ nhiZ AvK`vm 1885
mvji 5B AvM ZvwiL GB fwelvYx Kijb :
gxhv Bgvgywb I bhvgyxb m^ Avwg Bjnvg cv nqwQ, GKwk
gvmi ga Zv`i Dci GKwU fxlY wec` DcwZ ne| A_vr Zv`i
cwievi Kvbv Kvbv cyil ev xjvK cvYZvM Kie| GZ Zv`i
fxlY K ne Ges MMvj ne| AvRKvi ZvwiL, 23 kveY 1290 evsjv,
gvZveK 5B AvM 1885 Bs mvj _K wnme Ki GB NUbv cKvwkZ
ne|
GB fwelvYxi Dci wbwjwLZ wn`y`i `LZ ^vxwnme MnY Kiv
nq| h_v cwZ exRbv_, ekb`vm evY I ekb`vm wq| Zviv
cZK ^n `LZ Kib| AZ:ci fwelvYxZ hv ejv nqwQj, Zv
(1) ZejxM-wimvjZ, c_g L, 12 c: Ges nvqvZ Avn&g`, wZxq L, ZZxq
msLv, 116 c:|
(2) mv`vKvZ-AvbIqvi bvgK Bk&Znvi, ZejxM wimvjZ c_g L, 77 c:|

82

nvqvZ ZvBqev

c~Y nj| A_vr wVK GKwkZg gvm wghv bhvgywbi Kbv A_vr wghv
Bgvgyxbi vZzyx gv cbi eQi eqm GKwU A eqmi wk mvb
iL cvYZvM Kib|1

DvcvZi wb`kb:
1885 mvji 27 I 28 bf^i gaeZx ivZ Avjvn& ZvAvjv nhiZ
AvK`vmi mvnvh_ AvKvk ZviKv weQyiYi GK AmvaviY wb`kb
c`kb Kib| wZwb ejb:
28 bf^i 1885 mvj w`evMZ ivZ GZ ewk DvcvZi Ljv AvKvk
PjwQj h, Avwg Avgvi mviv Rxeb Gi `v KLbI `wLwb Ges AvKvk
c_ nvRvi nvRvi Dvi AwMgq wkLv Ggbfve QvUvQzwU KiwQj h,
cw_exZ Gi Kvb bwRi bB, hv Avwg eYbv KiZ cvwi| Avgvi iY
AvQ, ZLb GB Bjnvg evi evi nqwQj:
2

Ges GB AvqvZ wjwLZ ci-ew D DvcvZi mv_ e mv`k wewk

wQj| GB DvcvZ hv 28 bf^i 1885 mvj ivZ GZ evcKfve
msNwUZ nqwQj h, BDivc, AvgwiKv Ges Gwkqvi mg msev`c
GUvK AZ weqKi ej AwfgZ cKvwkZ nqwQjv| jvK gb KiZ
h, Zv Ab_K wQj| wK Lv`vI` Kixg Rvbb mevcv Mfxi
gbvhvMi mv_ AvwgB GB NUbv wbixY KiwQ Ges mePq AwaK
Avb` AvwgB DcfvM KiwQ| Avgvi PvL `xN mgq ai GB AjwKK
evcvi `kb evcZ wQj| mB DvcvZ mvi mgq _KB i nq| ay
Bjnvgx mymsev` ekZ: Avwg AZ Avb`i mv_ GUv `kb KiZ
_vKjvg| KviY Avgvi A:KiY Bjnvg Kiv nqwQj GUv Zvgvi Rb
wb`kbic cKvwkZ nqQ|3
c~eeZx Bjnvgx Mmg~n GK gmxn cKvwkZ nIqvi AZ eo jY ej
wb`k Kiv nqQ|4
(1) BkZnvi 20 gvP, 1885 mvj, ZejxM wimvjZ, c_g, 102 c:|
(2) A_vr hv Zzwg wbc KiwQj, Zzwg wbc Kiwb Lv`v QyowQjb|
(nvwKZzj-Inx, 70 c:)|
(3) Avqbvq KvgvjvZ Bmjvg 110-111 c: (nvwkqv)
(4) gw_ wjwLZ mymgvPvi, 24-29 c`|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

83

b D`qi wb`kb:
AZ:ci, BDivci Awaevmxiv IB bI `LZ cqwQj, hv nhiZ
gmxn gvID`i AvwefveKvj D`q nqwQj| Avgvi A:KiY wbw nj,
GB bI Avgvi mZZvi AbZg wb`kb|1

mvi mq` Avng` Luv msv fxwZc` msev`:

1885 mvji bf^i gvm nhiZ AvK`vm mvi mq` Avng` Luv gig
Ges gnvivRv w`jxc wmsn m^ wKQz fxwZc` msev` fwelvYxic wn`y
I gymjgvb`i wbqwQjb| AZ:ci, 1886 mvji 20 deqvwi, GK
BkZnvi cKvk Kib| GZ nhiZ AvK`vm wjLwQjb:
Avgvi KvQ ^qs Avgvi m^, Avgvi wcZvi w`Ki Kvb Kvb AvZxq
m^, Avgvi Kvb Kvb ez m^, fviZeli b ^ic Kvb Kvb
`vkwbK ^RvwZ fvB`i m^ Ges GK bevMZ cvvex eskv~Z `kxq
mvg m^ Avjvn ZvAvjvi KvQ _K fxwZc` msev`, cKvwkZ nqQ
hv KviI cixv, KviI AvZxqi weqvM Ges KviI wbRiB gZzi cwZ
wb`k Ki| me-kwgvb Avjvn PvBj wggvsmvi ci Gjv wjwLZ
ne|2
fviZeli b viv mvi mq` Avng` gigK eySvwQj Ges
bevMZ cvvex eskv~Z viv gnvivRv iYwRr wmsni cy w`jxc wmsK
eySvq| hyi ejb, wZwb cvq cuvPk wn`y I gymjgvbK Gme msev`
m^ AewnZ Kib|3 hv nvK, mvi mq` Avng`i Ici GB wec`
`Lv w`j h, kl eqm Zvi GK hyeK cyi gZz nIqvq wZwb cvYvwK
kvK Awff~Z njb Ges AvjxMo KjR cvmv` wbgvY KvR mgv Kivi
Rb wZwb AwZkq cwikg I Pvi dj h Puv`v msMn KiwQjb Zv _K
RbK `~ivZv `o jvL UvKv AvZmvr Ki| mvi mq` gig GB wZi
KviY Ggb kvKvwff~Z njb h, wZb w`b ch wZwb Avnvi Kibwb
Ges Kvb Kvb mgq Avb nq coZb|4 Zvi cy mq` gvn&gy` mvne
(1) Avqbvq KvgvjvZ Bmjvg, 111 c: cv`UxKv|
(2) BkZnvi, 20 deqvwi, 1886 mvj|
(3) BkZnvi, 13 gvP, 1897 mvj|
(4) BkZnvi, 13 gvP, 1897 mvj|

84

nvqvZ ZvBqev

ejb, Avwg GB wZi mgq AvjxMo DcwZ bv _vKj Avgvi Iqvj`

mvne wbqB GB kvK cvYZvM KiZb|1

gnvivR w`jxc wms:

BsiRiv hy Ki wkL`i nvZ _K cvve Dvi Kib| G Rb Zviv
fvex wmsnvmbi DivwaKvix Acv eq w`jxc wmsK cvve _K
AcmviY Kiv DwPZ gb Kijb| Zviv w`jxc wmsK jb wbq wMq
mLvb Zvi wkvi eev Kib| Gw`K wZwb hebcv njb| Aci
w`K cvve BsiR kvmb `~ixf~Z njv| wkLiv gnvivRv w`jxc wmsK
cvve Avbvi Rb `vwe Dcvcb Kij| BsiRiv fvejb GLb wec`i
Kvb Avkv bB| ZvK Avbv nj wZ wK? Zviv mwZ vcb Kijb
Ges ZvK mvgyw`K RvnvR Ki `k cvVvjb| wkLiv AZ Avb`
cKvk Kij| nhiZ AvK`vmK Ahvgx Avjvgyj qye Lv`v Rvbvjb
h, gnvivRv w`jxc wms cvve evm KiZ cvieb bv| cvi, GB
mdi Zvi mvb, kvw Ges cvYbvki Avkv AvQ| eZ: ZvB nj|
Zvi RvnvR GWb cQj, BsiRiv Zvi cvve AvMgb wecbK gb
Ki RvnvRwU diZ wbjb Ges GB cKvi Lv`v ZvAvjvi c` msev`
gnvMie c~Y nj|2

wkqvicyi mdi I gymjn gvID` msv fwelvYx :

nhiZ AvK`vmi Rxebi cwZ gyn~Z AZ g~jevb wQj| wZwb agi
mevq DjLhvM Kvhvejx mvab KiwQjb| Avjvn ZvAvjvI Zvui
cksmvq ejQb,
A_vr Zzwg mB gnvb gmxn&, hvi mgq b Kiv ne bv| eZ: wZwb
Rxeb hZ KvR KiQb wevwiZfve wjwce KiZ nj nvRvi nvRvi
cv jLvi cqvRb| Zuvi cwe Rxebi cZKwU NUbvq Avgv`i Rb
e wkvi welq AvQ| 1886 mvjwU AZvh NUbvejx Ges Avmgvbx
mvnvhi eQi wQj| Ici nhiZ AvK`vmi GKwU BkZnvii Ask
wekli DwZmn ewYZ nqQ, GB eQi wZwb Avjvn ZvAvjvi c _K
(1) IB
(2) wiqvh wn`& cwKv, AgZmi, 3 g, 1886 mvj|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

85

bvbv welq fwelr mwKZ NUbvejx AeMZ neb| wevwiZfve welqwU

ejv nQ:
AbK w`b ai nhiZ AvK`vm msK KiwQjb, Kv_vI wMq nhiZ
gymv AvjvBnm mvjvgi gZ gv^q Pwjk w`b Avjvn ZvAvjvi Bev`Z
Ges `vqvq iZ _vKeb, hLvb KD ZvK wPb bv, Rvb bv| BwZc~e
GB Dk 1884 mvj wZwb i`vmcyi Rjvi AMZ myRvbcyi hvIqvi
BQv KiwQjb wK Hkx BQvq mB mdi wMZ nj Ges Avjvn& ZvAvjv
ZuvK ejjb:
Zvgvi mgmvejxi mgvavb wkqvicyi ne|1 eZ: 1886 mvj wZwb
wkqvicyi hvv Kijb| GB mdi nhiZ gjex Avyjvn mbix mvne
(ivwh.) nhiZ kL nvg` Avjx mvne (ivwh.) Ges wgqv dZn Luv mvne Zvi
meK wnme mnhvx njb| wkqvicyi cuQ hyi kL gni Avjx mvne
bvgK GK mv iBmi Avveji Dci Ni Aevb Kijb|2 evivnxb
Avn&g`xqv cKvwkZ nIqvi ci Zuvi LvwZ PZzw`K weZZ nq cowQj| ZvB
gvbyl Zuvi mvvr jvfi Rb D`Mxe _vKZv| GRb hyi wjdjU Gi gvag
NvlYv Kijb, KD hb Avgvi mv_ 40 w`b ch mvvrKvii Rb DcwZ
bv nb| Avwg ci AviI wek w`b GLvb Aevb Kiev| ZLb mevB mvvr
KiZ cvieb| nhiZ gjex Avyjvn mvne ivwh Avjv Avb eYbv Kib:
wbP Avgv`i _vKvi eev wQj| Avgv`iK nhiZ AvK`vm wekl fve
Av`k w`qwQjb, KD hb wbR _K DV Avgvi mv_ K_v bv ej|
aygv Avwg Kvb K_v wRvmv Kij Gi Di `e| Kvbv AwZwi K_v
eje bv| Avgvi Lvevi Ici cuQ w`q `e Ges cU diZ bqvi Rb
Acv Kie bv| Avwg c_K bvgvh coe| Aek, Rygvi Rb Kvbv cwiZ
gmwR` LuyR ei Ki| mLvb Avgiv c_Kfve bvgvR coe| knii evBi
GKwU QvU gmwR` wQj| Avgiv Ryvi Rb mLvb hZvg| nhiZ AvK`vm
msc Lyrev `vb KiZb Ges bvgvR cwoq Pj AvmZb|
(1) wmivZzj-gvn&`x c_g L iIqvGZ bs 88
(2) h Mn nhiZ AvK`vm Aevb Kib, Gi eZgvb gvwjK GKRb wn`y| IB wn`y
gvwjK evwowUi Avgyj cwieZb KwiqQ| wK h cKv hyi Pwjk w`b wQjb,
Zvi Kvbv cwieZb bv Ki AvMi gZvB AzY ivLv nqQ| mLvb f`jvKwU
KLb KLb wbRi aggZ cv_bv Ki _vKb|

86

nvqvZ ZvBqev

nhiZ gjex mvne AviI ejb, GKevi wZwb Lvevi cuQvbvi Rb

Ici hvIqvq nhiZ AvK`vm ejjb, wgqv Avyjvn, B`vwbs Avgvi KvQ
Lv`v ZvAvjv AbK eo eo AbyMni `iRv LyjQb| Kvb Kvb mgq
eYevcx Lv`v ZvAvjv Avgvi mv_ evKvjvc Kib| Zv wjLj e
cv ne|1
Pwjk w`b AwZevwnZ nIqvi ci hyi 20 deqvwi GKwU BkZnvi cKvk
Kib| GZ Zuvi m^, Zuvi mvb m^, Zvui AvZxq^Rb I ez`i
mK Ges mvi mq` I gnvivRv w`jxc wms m^ wKQz fwelvYx
mwbwe Kib| gymjn gvID` msv gnvfwelvYxI GB BkZnviB
eYbv Kib| BbkvAvjvn, GLwb Gi weZZ AvjvPbv Kiv ne| Pwjk
w`b ci Abvb vb _K e ew DcwZ nb| KD KD Zuvi mv_ ag
welq fvewewbgqI Kib| weklZ: cwZ gyijx aii mv_ ZK GKv
cwm| Gi ev hyii wKZve, myigv Pkg AvwiqvZ wjwLZ AvQ|2
`yB gvm AwZevwnZ nIqvi ci hyi h c_ AvMgb KiwQjb m c_
w`qB Kvw`qvb cZvMgb Kijb| nhiZ gjex Avyjvn mvne (ivwh.)
ejb:
wkqvicyii 5/6 gvBj `~i GKRb eyRyMi GKwU Kei AvQ| mLvb
evwMPvi gZ KZKUv vb AvQ| Z_vq cuQ hyi AYi Rb evnb
_K AeZiY Kijb Ges ejjb h, GUv Dg Qvqv`vi RvqMv| GLvb
wKQzY `wi KiZ ne| AZ:ci, hyi Keii w`K Mjb| AvwgI
wcQb wcQb Mjvg| kL nvg` Avjx Ges dZn gynv` Luv evnbi
KvQ _vKjb| mgvwai KvQ cuQ Gi `iRv Lyj wZwb fZi Mjb
Ges Keii gv_vi cvk `uvwoq Kei eyRyMi Rb nvZ DwVq AY
`vqv Kijb| Zvici Pj Avmjb Ges AvgvK ejjb:
Avwg hLb `vqvi Rb nvZ DVvjvg, ZLb mgvwnZ eyRyM DV Avgvi
mvgb nuvUz cZ emjb| Avcwb m bv _vKj Avwg Zvi mv_ Avjvc
AvjvPbvI KiZvg| Zvi PvLwj eo eo| `n kvgeY|
AZ:ci ejjb, GLvb Kvb meK _vKj Zvi KvQ Zvi Aev
(1) wmivZzj-gvn&`x, c_g L, 88 iIqvqZ|
(2) Avh I bvwKMYi gvKvwejvq GUv GKvB cqvRbxq M| G wKZve nhiZ
AvK`vm cvKwZK wbqg, gyRhv Ges in Z welqK AwZkq m~ I my`i
hwK AvjvPbv KiQb|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

87

wRvmv Kib| ci hyi meKK wRvmv Kijb| m ejj, m wbR

ZvK `Lwb| cvq GKk eQi AvM wZwb cijvKMgb Kib| Aek, m
Zvi wcZv I wcZvgni KvQ bQ Zvi iO kvgeY wQj Ges PvLjv
eo eo wQj| mB Aj Zvi AZ cfve wQj|1

ingZi wb`kb, A_vr gymjn gvID`:

GLb cwZkZ cy m^ nhiZ AvK`vmi gnvweLvZ I meRbwew`Z
fwelvYxi welq Avgiv AvjvPbv Kie| Zv 1886 mvji 20 deqvwii
BkZnvi cKvwkZ nq| hyi ejb:
cig KiYvgq, cig `vZv, gnvgwngvw^Z Lv`v, whwb mekwgvbhuvi
ghv`v gnvMiegq Ges bvg AZxe gnvb, Avcb Bjnvg viv m^vab c~eK
ejjb:
Avwg Zvgvi cv_bvbyhvqx ZvgvK GKwU ingZi wb`kb w`wQ| Avwg
Zvgvi Kvbv bwQ Ges Zvgvi `vqv mg~nK AbyMn Ki Keyj KiwQ
Ges Zvgvi mdiK (wkqvicyi Ges jywaqvbvi) Zvgvi Rb KjvYgq
KiwQ| myZivs, kwi, `qvi Ges bKUi wb`kb ZvgvK `qv nQ|
e`vbZv I AbyMni wb`kb ZvgvK `qv nQ| weRqi Pvwe Zzwg cv
nQv| n weRqx, Zvgvi cwZ mvjvg| Lv`v ejQb, hviv Rxeb-cZvkx
Zviv hb gZzi Kej _K gyw jvf Ki Ges hviv Keii ga cvw_Z,
Zviv ei nq Avm, hvZ Bmjvg agi kZ Ges Avjvn ZvAvjvi
Kvjvgi ghv`v jvKi KvQ cKvwkZ nq Ges mZZvi hveZxq Avwkmmn
DcwZ nq Ges wg_v Zvi hveZxq AKjvYmn cjvqb Ki Ges gvbyl
eyS h, Avwg mekwgvb hv BQv Kwi, Ki _vwK Ges hb Zv`i cZxwZ
nq h, Avwg Zvgvi m AvwQ Ges hviv Lv`vi AwZ Awekvmx Ges
Lv`vi ag Ges wKZve Ges Zuvi im~j cvK gynv` gydv (m.) K
A^xKvi Ki Ges AmZ gb Ki _vK Zviv hb GKwU cKvk
wb`kbcv nq Ges Acivax`i kvwi c_ cwivi nq|
myZivs, Zzwg mymsev` MnY Ki, GK my`kb Ges cwe cy mvb ZvgvK
`qv ne| GK gavex cy Zzwg jvf Kie| mB Qj ZvgviB
JimRvZ, ZvgviB mvb ne|
(1) wmivZzj gvn&`x, c_g L, 88 bs iIqvGZ|

88

nvqvZ ZvBqev

mykx, cwe cy Zvgvi gngvb AvmQ| Zvi bvg Bbgvbyqj Ges mymsev`
`vZvI eU| ZvK cwevZv `qv nqQ| m Kjyl _K cwe| m
Avjvni b~i| ab, h AvKvk _K Avm|
Zvi m dhj (wekl Kcv) AvQ, hv Zvi AvMgbi mv_ DcwZ
ne| m RuvKRgK, Hkh I Miei AwaKvix ne| m cw_exZ Avme
Ges Zvi mwebx kw Ges cwe AvZvi cmv` eRbK evwa gy
Kie| m KvwjgvZzjvn Avjvni evYx| KviY, Lv`vi `qv I m~
ghv`veva ZvK cvvw_e I AvavwZK mvwbZ evK viv ciY KiQb|
m AZ axgvb, cvkxj, `qevb Ges Mvxhkxj ne| vb ZvK
cwic~Y Kiv ne| m wZbK Pvi Kie| (Gi A_ eywSwb) mvgevi, f
mvgevi| mvwbZ, gnr, wcqcy|
A_vr mZi weKvk j, DP hb Avjvn AvKvk _K AeZxY nqQb|
Zvi AvMgb Akl KjvYgq ne Ges Hkx Mie I cZvc cKvki KviY
ne| RvwZ: AvmQ, RvwZt| Lv`v ZvK Zuvi mwi mif wbhvm viv
wm KiQb| Avgiv Zvi ga wbR AvZv `vb Kie Ges Lv`vi Qvqv Zvi
gv_vq _vKe| m kxN kxN ewaZ ne| e`x`i gywi KviY ne Ges
cw_exi cv cv LvwZ jvf Kie| RvwZiv Zvi KvQ _K Avkxev`
jvf Kie| ZLb Zvi AvwZK K`i AvKvki w`K DvwjZ ne|
1

nhiZ AvK`vmi cwievi I Ai ezMY mK fwelvYx :

Zvici, Lv`v Rvjv kvby AvgvK mymsev` w`q ejQb :
Zvgvi Mn Avwkm cwic~Y ne| Avwg Avgvi `vb mg~n Zvgvi Dci c~Y
Kie Ges fvMeZx gwnjv, hv`i ga KqK RbK Zzwg ci cve|
Zvgvi AbK eskai ne| Avwg ZvgvK AbK mvb-mwZ `vb Kiev
Ges Avwkm hy Kie| wK Zv`i KD KD A eqmB jvKvwiZ
ne| Zvgvi esk evcKfve `k we`k wevi jvf Kie| Zvgvi
wcZKzji cZK kvLv KZb Kiv ne| Zviv kxNB mvbnxb nq kl
nq hve| hw` Zviv AbyZvc bv Ki, Ze Lv`v Zv`i Ici wec`i ci
(1) BkZnvi, 20 k deqvwi, 1886 mvj, ZejxM-wimvjZ,

nvqvZ ZvBqev

89

wec` AeZxY Kieb| Ggb wK, Zviv wbw ne| Zv`i Mn weaev`i
viv cwic~Y ne| Ges Zv`i `qvjwji Ici Awfkvc AeZxY ne|
wK hw` Zviv cZvMgb Ki, Ze Lv`v Zvgvi Avwkmg~n PZzw`K weZ
Kieb Ges GK Abvev` Mn Zvgvi viv Avev` Kieb| Ges kvc~Y Mn
Avkxlc~Y Kieb| Zvgvi esk KLbI web ne bv Ges kl w`b ch
mRxe _vKe| cw_exi cjq Kvj ch Lv`v Zvgvi bvg mvbi mv_
eRvq ivLeb Ges Zvgvi AvnvbK cw_exi cv mg~n ch cQveb|
Avwg ZvgvK Dvjb Kie Ges Avgvi w`K Avnvb Kie| wK Zvgvi
bvg f~ c nZ KLbv AwnZ ne bv| GUv wbavwiZ nqQ h, hviv
Zvgvi Aegvbbvi wPvq iZ Ges Zvgvi AKZKvhZvi Rb Pv Ki
Ges Zvgvi wejvc mvabi aviYv cvlY Ki, Zviv ^qs AKZKvh ne
Ges wedjZvi mv_ cvYZvM Kie| wK Lv`v ZvgvK mevZvfve
KZKvh Kieb Ges Zvgvi hveZxq gbvgbv c~Y Kiev| Avwg Zvgvi
we Ges Ai ez evei `jKI ew Kiev| Zv`i ab-Rb
Avwkmhy Kie Ges GZ AvwaK w`e| Zviv welcivqY I kfvevcb
Aci gymjgvb mc`vqi Ici KqvgZ ch cej _vKe| Lv`v
Zv`iK fyjeb bv| Zviv AvwiKZv Abyhvqx ^ ^ cyivi jvf Kie|
Zzwg Avgvi KvQ ewb Bmvwqji bex`i bvq| (A_vr, cwZQvqv ^ic
Zv`i Abyic)| Zzwg Avgvi KvQ Avgvi Zwn` Zzj| Zzwg Avgv nZ
Ges Avwg Zvgv nZ| mB mgq AvmQ, eis mwbKU, hLb Lv`v ev`kvn
Ges abKzei`i `q Zvgvi cg mvi Kieb| Ggb wK, Zviv
Zvgvi Kvco nZ Avwkm Abymvb Kie| n A^xKviKvixiv, In
mZi weivwaiv! hw` Zvgiv Avgvi `vmi m^ m`n cvlY Ki, hw`
GB AbyMn I `qv mK Zvgv`i Kvb A^xKwZ _vK, hv Avwg Avgvi
ev`vi cwZ KiwQ- Ze GB ingZi wb`kbi bvq ZvgivI Zvgv`i
m^ Ggb Kvb wb`kb DcwZ Ki, hw` Zvgiv mZev`x nI| hw`
KLbI DcwZ KiZ bv cvi Ges iY ivLe KLbI cvie bv, Ze mB
AvbK fq Ki, hv Av`k jNbKvix, wg_vev`x Ges mxgv
AwZgKvix`i Rb cyZ AvQ|1
AZ:ci, 1886 mvji 22k gvPi BkZnvi nhiZ AvK`vm gymjn
gvID` (cwZkZ ag msviK)-Gi Rb mK Avjvn& ZvAvjv _K
(1) BkZnvi, 20k deqvwi nBZ DZ| (ZejxM-imvjZ; 58-63 c:|)

90

nvqvZ ZvBqev

msev` cv nq bq ermi gqv` avh Kib| eZt Hkx cwZkwZ

Abymvi 1889 mvji 12B Rvbyqvix ZvwiL gymjn gvID` RbMnY
Kib| dvj-nvg`y wjjvn Avjv hvjK|
GLvb GK_v ejv AcvmwK ne bv h, Avjvn& ZvAvjv Zvi Kvgj
nKgZ Abymvi gymjn gvID` msv fwelvYxi ci nhiZ
AvK`vmK c_gZt GK Kbv `vb Kib| Zvici, c_g ekxi bvg LvZ
GK cyI `vb Kib| wZwb `o eQi eqm cijvKMgb Kib| dv-Bbv
wjjvn I Bbv BjvBn ivRDb|
GB `ywU mvbiB Rb wbq xYcZqx I wQ`v^lx ew`i iZi
c`jb nq| Zviv GB Avcw Dvcb Kijv h, fwelvYx Abyhvqx
gymjn gvID` RbMnY Kibwb| A_P 1886 mvji 22k gvPi
cKvwkZ BkZnvi nhiZ AvK`vm cwiviKi ejb h, gymjn
gvID`i Rb m^ Avjvn ZvAvjv bq eQi gqv` wbaviY KiQb| Gi
A_ GB wQj bv h, bq eQii ga gymjn gvID` eZxZ nhiZ
AvK`vmi Ab Kvb mvbi Rb ev gZz ne bv| Kej GUvB Dk
wQj h, bq eQii gqv`i ga gymjn gvID` RbMnY Kieb| eZ:
Zv-B nqwQj|

nhiZ AvK`vmi mvb mwZ :

GB cm nhiZ AvK`vmi me mvb wbq GK m AvjvPbv Kiv Riwi
gb nq| Zuvi c_gv x Zuvi RbKv AvZxqv wQjb| Zvi Mf Zuvi `yB cy
RbMnY Kib-nhiZ wghv myjZvb Avng` mvne Ges wghv dhj Avng`
mvne| c_gv cy 1856 mvj RbMnY Kib Ges kl eqm wZwb
Kwb vZv nhiZ wghv ekxixb gvngy` Avng` mvne LjxdvZzj-gmxn&
mvbx AvBq`vjv ZvAvjvi nvZ eqAvZ MnYi A Kvj ci 1931
mvj cijvKMgb Kib| klv cy, meZ:, 1860 mvj RbMnY
Kib Ges 1902 mvj Bnavg cwiZvM Kib| wZwb nhiZ AvK`vmi
AZ AvvbyeZx wQjb| wK kl mgq Abvb AvZxqi viv
cfvevw^Z nq cob|
wZxqv x nhiZ mq`v bymir Rvnvb eMg mvnev w`jxi nhiZ gxi bvmi
bIqve mvnei Kbv wQjb| Zvi Mf nhiZ AvK`vmi `k Rb mvb
RbMnY Kib| cvuP Qj, cvuP gq| wevwiZ weeiY wbg c` nj:

nvqvZ ZvBqev

91

(1) AvmgZ-1886 mvji 15B Gwcj ZvwiL RbMnY Kib Ges 1891
mvj gZzeiY Kib|
(2) ekxi AvIqvj-1887 mvji 17B AvM ZvwiL RbMnY Kib Ges
1888 mvji 4 bf^i ZvwiL gZzeiY Kib|
(3) nhiZ mvneRv`v wghv ekxixb gvngy` Avng` mvne-wZwb 1889
mvji 12B Rvbyqvix ZvwiL RbMnY Kib Ges 1914 mvj wZxq
LjxdvZzj gmxn c` Awfwl nb|
(4) kIKZ- wZwb 1891 mvj RbMnY Kib Ges 1892 mvj Zvi gZz nq|
(5) nhiZ mvneRv`v wghv ekxi Avng` mvne, Gg G- wZwb 1893
mvji 20k Gwcj RbMnY Kib|
(6) nhiZ mvneRv`v gxhv kixd Avng` mvne- wZwb 24k g 1895
mvj RbMnY Kib|1
(7) nhiZ mvneRv`x beve gyevivKv eMg mvnev wZwb 1897 mvji 2
gvP ZvwiL RbMnY Kib|
(8) mvneRv`x wghv gyeviK Avn&g` mvne 1899 mvji 14B Ryb
ZvwiL RbMnY Kib Ges 1907 mvji 16B m^i ZvwiL gZz
eiY Kib|
(9) mvneRv`x AvgvZzb & bmxi mvnev 1903 mvji 28k Rvbyqvwi ZvwiL
RbMnY Kib Ges IB mvji 3iv wWm^i ZvwiL Zvi gZy nq|
(10) nhiZ mvneRv`x AvgvZzj & nvdxh eMg mvnev 1904 mvji
25k Ryb ZvwiL Zuvi Rb nq|
Dci wjwLZ weeiY _K Rvbv hvq h, nhiZ AvK`vmi wZxqv
wewe nhiZ mq`v bymir Rvnvb eMg mvnev ivwh Avjv Avbnvi Mf Zuvi
`k Rb mvb RbMnY Kib| Zuvi ga cvuPRbi A eqm gZz nq
Ges Ab cvuP Rb Lv`v-ZvAvjvi AbyMn GLb ch RxweZ|2 GB cvuP
Rb m^ nhiZ AvK`vm ejQb :
A_vr, mq`vi MfRvZ GB cvuP mvbB cZb fwelZi Rb wfw ^ic|
(1) wZwb 1961 mvji 26 k wWm^i ZvwiL gZzeiY Kib| dv-Bbvwjjvn Iqv
Bbv BjvBn ivRDb| (Abyev`)
(2) Aek, GB cwieZb NUQ h, mvneRv`v gyeviK Avn&g` mvnei vb
mvneRv`x AvgvZzj & nvdxh MnY KiQb|

92

nvqvZ ZvBqev

wghv Avng&` eM m^ fwelvYx :

wghv Avng&` eM wmqvicyix nhiZ AvK`vmi RbK AvZxq wQjb| wZwb
I Zvui kvjKiv Avjvn& ZvAvjv Ges im~j mvjvjv AvjvBn Iqvmvjvgi
K_v wbq nvwm we`c KiZb Ges nhiZ AvK`vmi KvQ me`v wb`kb
PvBZb| hyi Zv`i m^ Avjvn ZvAvjvi KvQ cv_bv Kijb| ZLb
ZuvK ejv nj h, wZwb gxhv Avng` eMi R Kbv gynv`x eMgi
mv_ weqi cve Kib| hw` wghv Avng` eM GB weq `b, Ze wZwb
I Zvi cwievi Avwkm jvf Kieb Ges hw` wZwb Kbvi Ab weq `b,
Ze Avjvn ZvAvjvi evK wg_v cwZcb Kivi Pvi Aciva Ges Lv`v
ZvAvjvi evK I wb`kb wbq nvwm Zvgvkv Kivi dj Zvi Ici Avjvn
ZvAvjvi kvw AeZxY ne| wghv Avng&` eM I Zvi RvgvZv DfqB wZb
eQii ga wbcvZ ne Ges gynv`x eMg mvnev weaev nq Zvui mv_
cwiYq m~ Ave neb|
wghv Avng` eM GB fwelvYxi ci cuvP eQi ch gynv`x eMgi
Kv_vI weq `b bvB Ges GB mgq ch wZwb RxweZ _vKb| cuvP eQi
ci Kbvi weqi jvnvi Rjv cvx wbevmx wghv myjZvb gynv`i mv_
mb Kib| gynv`x eMg mvnevi GB weqi ci Qq gvm ZLbI
AwZevwnZ nq bvB, wghv Avn&g` eM fxlY Rivv nq wkqvicyi
wPwKrmvjq cvYZvM Kib|1 Zvi cvY weqvM Zvi RvgvZv Ges
AvZxqiv fxZ nq cojb| KviY fwelvYx Abymvi GLb wghv myjZvb
gynv`i gZzi cvjv| wK Zviv mevB AbykvPbvq gbvwbek Kijb|
nhiZ AvK`vmi L`gZ `vqvi Rb e c wjLjb| dj,
Avjvn-ZvAvjv gynv`x eMg mvnevi ^vgxi gZz gyjZex Kijb|
hw` gyn`x eMg mvnevi cwZ fwelvYx wg_v nIqvi `vwe KiZb,
A_ev nvm we`c hvM`vb KiZb, Ze wbqB gynv`x eMg weaev nq
nhiZ AvK`vmi mv_ weq nZv| wK wZwb AbyZvc, AbykvPbv Kivq
gZz nZ iv cvb| GRb gynv`x eMg mvne Zuvi mv_ weevn eb
Ave nbwb| Bhv dvZvk& kvZz, dvZvj& gvkiZz|2
(1) 1892 mvji 30 k m^i|
(2) weZ Rvbvi Rb `Lyb, ckqx `ievi wghv Avng` eM, KvRx gynv` mvne
jvqjc~ix cYxZ|

ZZxq Aavq
eqAvZi NvlYv _K gmwR` gveviKi
mcmviY ch
eqAvZi NvlYv :
BwZc~e Avgiv ejwQ gymjn& gvID`i Rbi AvM I nhiZ AvK`vmi
GKcy RbMnY Kib| wZwb c_g ekxi bvg LvZ| AbKi aviYv wQj
h, GB cyB g~mjn& gvID` msv fwelvYxi c~YZvq RbMnY
KiQb| wK Zvi GK eQi wZb gvm eqm gZz nIqvq weiev`xiv e
AvcwKi ck Dvcb Kij| ZLb Lv`v ZvAvjvi Amxg cv GB
PvBjv h, nhiZ AvK`vm GLb `xv MnYi NvlYv Kib| eZ:, wZwb
1888 mvji 1 wWm^i ZvwiL c_g ekxii gZz Dcj h BkZnvi
cKvk Kib, Gi klfvM ZejxM wkivbvg wjLjb :
Avwg GLvb AviI GKwU evZv mvaviYfve mKj gvbylK Ges
weklfve gymjgvb`i cuQvwQ| AvgvK Av`k Kiv nqQ, hvuiv
mZi Abymvb Kib Zvuiv cKZ Cgvb I Cgvbi cKZ cweZv Ges
Hkx cgvRbi c_ wkvi Dk Ges cvcx, Ajm Ges we`vnx Rxeb
cwiZvMi Rb Avgvi KvQ `xv (eqAvZ) MnY Kieb| myZivs, hvuiv
Zuv`i AvZvi ga Kvb cKvi kw Abyfe Kib, Zvu`i KZe Zuviv
Avgvi KvQ DcwZ nb| Avwg Zuv`i Rb wPv Kie Ges Zuv`i fvi
nvv Kivi Pv Kiev| hviv gbcvY Hkx kZvejx cwZcvjb KiZ
cZ _vKeb, Lv`v ZvAvjv Avgvi `vqv Ges Avgvi gbvwbek Zvu`i
Rb eiKZ w`eb| GUv wek cwZcvjKi Av`k| Zv AvR Avwg
cuQvjvg| G mK AviweZ GB Bjnvg nqQ :

A_vr, Zzwg hLb msK Ki, ZLb Avjvn ZvAvjvi Ici wbfi Ki|
Avgv`i mvgb Avgv`i Inx Abyhvqx bKv wbgvY Ki| (Gi Av`k
ZvgvK Kiv nqQ)| hviv Zvgvi nvZ eq&AvZ (`xv) MnY Kie,
cKZ c Zviv Lv`v ZvAvjvi nvZ eqAvZ Kie| Avjvn ZvAvjvi

94

nvqvZ ZvBqev

nvZ Zv`i nvZi Ici _vKe Ges hviv n`vqZ cvjb Ki, Zv`i
Ici kvw ewlZ nvK| cPviK webxZ Mvjvg Avn&g` Avdv Avb|

eqAvZi `kwU kZvejx :

GB NvlYv c `xv MnYi h me kZi K_v ejv nqwQj, Zv hyi
1889 mvji 12 Rvbyqvwi ZvwiL cPvwiZ ZKgxj-ZejxM bvgK
BkZnvi wek`fve cKvk Kib Ges Zv GB:

c_g : eqAvZ MnYKvix mij A:KiY GB cwZv Kie h, GLb

_K Kei cek ch wki&K _K `~i _vKe|

wZxq : wg_v, ewfPvi, Kvgjvjyc `w, mKj cKvi cvcvPvi, mxgv

jsNb, AZvPvi, wekvmNvZKZv, Akvw I we`vni mKj c_ _K
AvZiv Kie Ges cewi DRbv hZB cej nvK bv Kb, Gi wkKvi
cwiYZ ne bv|

ZZxq : webv ewZg Lv`v ZvAvjv Ges imyji Av`k Abymvi cuvP
Iqv bvgvh coe Ges mvavbymvi Zvnvy` bvgvh coe, im~j Kixg
mvjvjv AvjvBn Iqvmvjvgi cwZ `i` coe, cZn wbRi Yvn
jvi gvi Rb Avjvn ZvAvjvi KvQ cv_bv Kie Ges BMdvi
coe, fwcyZ `q Lv`v ZvAvjvi Acvi AbyMnmg~n iY Ki Zvui
nvg`I Zvwid KivK cwZw`bi wbZKg cwiYZ Kie|

PZz_ : mvaviYfve mKj cKvi m RxeK Ges weklfve

gymjgvbMYK Bw`qi DRbv ek Kvb cKvi Abvq K w`e bv|
gyL, nvZi viv, ev Aci Kvb DcvqB bq|

cg : myL, `y:L, K, kvwZ, m`, wec` mKj Aevq Lv`v

ZvAvjvi mv_ wekZv iv Kie| mKj Aevq Avjvn ZvAvjvi KvR
my _vKe Ges Zvi c_ hveZxq Acgvb I `ytL eiY KiZ cZ
_vKe| Kvb cKvi wec` DcwZ nj cv`c` ne bv, eis mvgb
AMmi ne|

l : mvgvwRK K`vPvi cwinvi Kie Ges cewi `vmZ Kie bv|

KziAvb kixdi AvwacZK m~Yic wkivavh Kie Ges Avjvn I Zvui
imyji evKjvK mKj AbymiY Ki Pje|

mg : Anvi I JZ mevZvfve cwinvi Kie| `xbZv, webq,

nvqvZ ZvBqev

95

wkvPvi I Mvxhi mv_ Rxebhvv wbevn Kie|

Ag : ag I agi mvb iv Ges Bmjvgi mv_ AvwiK mge`bvK

wbR ab, gvb, cvY, mg, mvb mwZ I mKj wcqRb Acv AwaK wcq
vb Kie|

beg : mKj m Rxei cwZ mKj mgq ay Avjvni Dk

mnvbyf~wZkxj _vKe Ges mKji DcKviv_ Lv`v c` hveZxq kw,
mvg_ I `vbjv h_vmva wbqvwRZ Kie|

`kg : agvbygvw`Z mKj KvR Avgvi (nhiZ AvK`vmi ) Av`k cvjb

Kivi cwZvq Avgvi mv_ h vZeb Ave nj, gZzi kl gy~Z
ch Zv AUj _vKe Ges GB vZeb mKj cKvi AvZxq mK I
mKj cKvi cfy fZ m^ _K GZ AwaK Nwb I cwe ne h
cw_exZ Zvi Zzjbv cvIqv hve bv|

eqAvZi kZvejx NvlYvq wej^i KviY :

eqAvZi kZvejx cKvk wej^ Kivi KviY mK nhiZ AvK`vm
ejb;
eqAvZ MnYKvixi Rb GB kZvejx AZvekK| 1888 mvji 1jv
wWm^ii BkZnvi wevwiZfve Gjv wjwLZ nqwb| cKvk _vK h,
cvq `k gvm ai Lv`v ZvAvjvi c _K eqAvZi Rb Avnevb Kivi
Av`k nqQ| wK Zv wej^ cKvk Kivi KviY, Aagi AiwP nwQj h
fvj-g` mKj cKvi jvK bv GB wmjwmjvq cek Ki hvq| Ai GUvB
PvQ h, GB gyeviK wmjwmjvq Kej IB mKj gyeviK ew cek
Kib, huv`i cKwZZ wekZv ivi exR AvQ, hvuiv AcwicK bq, hvuiv
mnRB weKZ I mskqvwe nq cob bv| GB KviY Ggb GKwU
Dcji Acv KiwQjvg, hv fvj I g` Ges gyLjm I gybvdKi
ga cf` Ki `q| myZivs Avjvn& Rvjv kvby Zvui cv I AbyMni
viv mB Dcj ekxi Avng`i1 gZzK wbw` Ki Lvg-Lqvwj,
AcwicK, mskqcivqY Ges Ky-aviYvcb ew`i c_K KiQb| ay
ZvuivB Avgvi mv_ iqQb, hvu`i cKwZ Avgvi mv_ _vKvi hvM| hviv
^fveZ: `p cZqx bq, hviv Kv, kv, Zviv mevB asm nqQ Ges bvbv
(1) ekxi Avng` viv c_g ekxi (c_g mymsev` evnK) eySvq| Bwb gymjn gvID`
msv fwelvYxi ci RbMnY Ki 1888 mvji 1jv wWm^i IdvZ cv nb|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

97

cKvi m`n mskq wbcwZZ nqQ| myZivs, GB Rb GB Dcj

eqAvZi Avnevb msv welq cKvk mgxPxb weewPZ nqQ, hgb :
(AveRbv hZ A wek ZZ cwe) cev`vwi dj viv
jvfevb nZ cvwi Ges Awekvmx`i g` cwiYvgi wZZv fvM KiZ bv
nq, Ges h mKj jvK GB cixvi Aevq eqAvZi Avnevb mvov
w`q GB f Av`vjb hvM`vb Kib, ay ZvuivB Avgvi RvgvAvZ
weewPZ neb, ay ZvuivB Avgvi AKwg ezic MY neb| Zvu`i
m^ Lv`v ZvAvjv AvgvK m^vabc~eK ejQb h, wZwb Zv`i
weievw``i Ici wKqvgZ ch kZ `vb Kieb eiKZ, ingZ,
Avwkm I Kcv Zvui m m weivR Kie| wZwb AvgvK ejb, Zywg
Avgvi AbygwZg Avgvi PvLi mvgb GB bKv wbgvY Ki| hvuiv
Zvgvi KvQ eqAvZ Kie, Zviv Lv`vi KvQ eqAvZ MnY Kie|
Lv`vi nvZ Zv`i nvZi Ici _vKe| AviI ejQbt Lv`v ZvAvjvi
mgxc Zvgv`i hveZxq kwmn DcwZ nI Ges Zvgv`i `qvgq,
`vbkxj cvjbKZvK GKvKx ZvM Kviv bv- h ew ZvK GKvKx
Qvoe, ZvK GKvKx Qvov ne|1

wmjwmjvi wfw vcb I gymjn gvID`i RbMnY GKxf~Z

nIqvq Hkx-msKZ :
Avhi K_v bq, eis GUv Lv`v ZvAvjvi AbZg nKgZ h, 1889
mvji 12 Rvbyqvwi nhiZ wghv ekxixb gvn&gy` Avng`, Avj -gymjj&
gvID` RbMnY Kib Ges mB w`bB nhiZ AvK`vm eqAvZi kZ
mg~n NvlYvc~eK wmjwmjvi wfw msvcb Kib Ges AvwiKZv mb
gyLjm ew`i eqAvZ MnYi Rb Avnevb Kib| cKZ c, GB
Dfq welqi mwjb GB mZB wbwnZ wQj h, GB wmjwmjvi cPvii
evcvi nhiZ wghv ekxixb gvngy` Avng` AvBq`vjv ZvAvjvi
wekl AwaKvi _vKe|
eZ:, NUbvewji vivI AZ vi GB mv cvIqv hvq h, GB
K_v mZ wQj| mZ ne bv Kb? bex Kixg mvjvjv AvjvBn Iqvmvjvg
AvMgbKvix gmxni Rb fwelvYx KiwQjb:
(1) BkZnvi, 1889 mvji 12 Rvbyqvwi|

98

nvqvZ ZvBqev

A_vr wZwb GKRb DP YeZx gwnjvK weq Kieb Ges Zvui mvbiv
iZc~Y ag Kvh mv`b Kieb|
iY ivLZ ne, GLvb ay Kvb mvaviY xjvKi mv_ weq, Kvb
mvaviY mvb Rb MnYi cwZ BwZ wQj bv| KviY, Gi DjL viv Kvb
DcKvi nIqvi wPv Kiv hvq bv| weklZt, im~j Kixg mvjvjv AvjvBn
Iqv mvjvgi gZ gnvbex GB fwelvYx KiwQjb Ges nhiZ AvK`vmi
cZK mvb RbMnYi AvM Zvi ewkc~Y YivwR memvaviY NvlYv
KiQb Ges GK cyK wekl mymsev`i evnb wb`k Ki evievi Zvui
cksmv I Y cKvk KiQb|1 G me evcvi GK GUvB wb`kbv Ki
h, gmxn gvID`i mvbiv ag cPvi wekl iZc~Y KvR mv`b
Kieb| eZ: Zvuiv ZvB KiQb| mg cksmv Avjvn ZvAvjvi|

jywaqvbv I wkqvicyii mdi :

nhiZ AvK`vm 1889 mvji iZ jywaqvbv hvv Kib Ges GKwU
BkZnvii gvag NvlYv Kib:
AvR 1889 mvji 4 gvP _K 25 k gvP ch GB Aag jywaqvbv kni
Aevb Kie| GB mgqi ga hw` KD AvmZ Pvb, Ze jywaqvbvq 10
ZvwiLi ci DcwZ neb Ges hw` GLvb Avmv wZ ev KKi gb
Kib, Ze 25k gvPi ci hLb KD Pvb Kvw`qvb AvM msev` w`q
eqAvZ MnYi Rb DcwZ neb|2

c_g eqAvZ MnY, 23 k gvP, 1889 mvj :

jywaqvbvq eqAvZ bqvi Rb wZwb nhiZ gybwk mywd Avng` Rvb ivwh
Avjv Avbi evwo cQ` Kib| nhiZ gybwk mvne gig GKRb AZ
cwewP gyvKx cyil wQjb| mB Aj Zvui kZ kZ gyix` wQj| Zviv
Zuvi cwZ cMvp fw cvlY KiZb| nhiZ AvK`vmi gki wKZve
(1) hyi ejb;
GK Kvk&dx RMZ AvgvK PviwU dj `Lvbv nq| Zviga wZbwU Avg dj
wQj| wK GKwU dj meyR eY Ges AZ en`vKvi wQj| Zv GB RMZi dj
jvi bvq wQj bv........Kvb m`n bvB h, dj viv mvb eySvq| -nhiZ
LjxdvZzj gmxn AvIIqvj ivwhAvjvn Avbi bvg 1886 mvji 8B Rybi c|
(2) cv`UxKv, BkZnvi Zvs 4Vv gvP, 1889 mvj|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

99

evivnxb-Avng`xqv cvVi ci wZwb gbcvY nhiZ AvK`vmi wd`vn

nq cob Ges wbR cxi gyix`xi wmjwmjv cwiZvM Ki hyii KvQ
eqAvZ MnYi AvMn cKvk Kib| eZ:, wZwb nhiZ mvneK j
Ki GB KweZv cvV Kib|
Avgiv ewaM Avgv`i `w ay Zvgvi Ici wbe| Lv`vi Dk
Zywg gmxn nI|
ZLb nhiZ AvK`vm ZvK GB Di c`vb Kib h, wZwb GLbI
eqAvZ MnYi Rb Avw` nbwb| wK nhiZ AvK`vm hLb eqAvZ
bqvi NvlYv Kijb, ZLb nhiZ gybwk mvne GB aivag ZvM KiQb|
dv-Bbv wjjvn I Bbv BjvBn ivRDb|1 nhiZ gvIjvbv nvKxg b~ixb
mvne ivwh Avjv Avbi mv_ Kbv myMiv eMg mvnevi weq nhiZ
AvK`vm wekl Pv Ki KwiqwQjb|

`vij eqAvZ
nhiZ gybwk mywd Avng` Rvb mvne gigi evwoi h Ni nhiZ
AvK`vm mec_g eqAvZ MnY Kib,Zv `vij-eqAvZ bvg AwfwnZ
nq| nhiZ gybwk mvne gigi mvbMY Lv`vi dhj mevB
Avng`xqZ hvM `vb KiQb| Zvuiv GB evwo wmjwmjvi Rb IqvKd
Kib| `y:Li welq, Zv 1947 mvji gnvweei mgq mvgwqKfve
RvgvAvZi nPyZ nqQ| wK Avjvn& Pvb Zv kxNB dir cvIqv hve|

eqAvZi w`b
1889 mvj 23 gv ZvwiL eqAvZ i nq| nhiZ AvK`vmi BQv wQj
eqAvZ MnYKvix`i bvg I m~Y wVKvbv GKwU iwRvi msiY Kiv|
GRb nhiZ AvK`vm Av`k Kijb, cZK `xv MnYKvix Avcb Avcb
bvgwVKvbv c_K c_K KvMR wjL `eb| hyii Kzg cwZcvwjZ
nj| wKQyw`b ci, GKwU iwRvi cZ njv| Gi Ici jLv nqwQj
A_vr ZvKIqv I cweZv jvfv_ eqAvZ|
(1) nhiZ AvK`vm ZvK eqAvZ MnYKvix`i ga MYbv KiQb Ges 313 Rb
mvnvevi ga ZvK MY KiQb| eqAvZi iwRvi Ges Avvg Av_g `e|

100

nvqvZ ZvBqev

eqAvZ MnYKvix`i wgK b^i :

GB iwRvi c_g wKQz bvg nhiZ AvK`vm wbR nvZ wjwce Kib|
wK ci wewfb mgq wewfb ew DjwLZ KvMR Ljv _K wbq GB
iwRvi bvg wjLZ _vKb| L KvMRjv _K bvgjv wjLZ
nqwQj ej eqAvZ MnYKvix`i eqAvZi g iv me nqwb| GRbB
cKZ wgK b^i mK mvgvb gZf` NU| hv nvK KvbB m`n bvB
h, mec_g eqAvZ MnY Kib nhiZ nvRx-Dj nvivgvCb gvIjvbv nvwKg
b~ixb mvne fiex ivwh Avjv Avb| wZxq b^i wQjb jywaqvbvi
gxi Avevm Avjx mvne| ci wZwb nhiZ AvK`vmi gmxn gvIE`
`vwei mgq c_K nq wMqwQjb| Zvici huviv eqAvZ MnY Kib, Zv`i
ga cwm eweMi bvg webvg wb c` nj:
nhiZ wgTv gynv` mb mvne gyiv`vev`x Lyk&bexk, nhiZ gjex
Ave`yjvn& mbix mvne, nhiZ KvRx LvRv Avjx mvne, nhiZ gxi
GbvqZ Avjx mvne, Payix ig Avjx mvne, nhiZ gjex Ave`yjvn
mvne mvwKb Zx (Pvim`vn), nhiZ gybwk Avivo Lvu mvne, nhiZ
gybwk gynv` Lvu mvne, nhiZ gyb&wk nvweeyi ingvb mvne, nhiZ KvRx
whqvDxb mvne, nhiZ kL Ave`yj Avhxh mvne bI-gymwjg mveK ivg
wmsn ih&Iqvbyjvn AvjvBwng AvR&gvqxb|
nhiZ gjex Ave`yj Kixg mvne mB w`b eqAvZ MnY KiwQjb wKbv,
G welq gZf` AvQ| wK nhiZ kL BqvKze Avjx mvne Zzivei gZ
nhiZ gjex mvne c_g w`bB eqAvZ MnY Kib| kL mvne Zvui
wbRi m^I ejZb h, wZwb c_g w`b eqAvZ bv KijI IB mgqB
eqAvZ MnY Kib| GB mvgvb wej^i KviY wQj wZwb ZLbI nhiZ
AvK`vmi gwmj gmxn nIqv m~Y `qg KiZ cvibwb| GB Rb
dZn Bmjvg wKZve cvV Ki wZwb jvnvi cybivq eqAvZ MnY Kib|
`y:Li welq, g~j iwRvi hv nhiZ mvneRv`v wghv ekxi Avng`
ivwRAvjv Avbi KvQ iwZ wQj, Gi h cvq c_g AvU bvg mwbwe
wQj, Zv b nqQ| bZzev eqAvZ MnYKvix`i wgK b^i msv
BwZnvm AviI KZKUv msiwZ nZ|

eqAvZi kvejx :
nhiZ gjex Ave`yjvn& mbix mvne ejb, c_g w`b hLb hyi eqAvZ

nvqvZ ZvBqev

101

bb, ZLb eqAvZ Gi kjv GB wQjt

AvR Avwg Avng`i nvZ Avgvi IB me Zver bvn& I Kz-Afvm _K
ZvIev KiwQ, hvi ga Avwg wbcwZZ wQjvg| Avwg cwe `q I
mev:KiY `pic cwZv KiwQ h, Avgvi mKj kw I mKj eyw w`q
Avgvi Rxebi kl w`b ch hveZxq bvn _K AvZiv Kie| Avwg
xbK `ywbqvi Avivg Ges cewi Kvgbv-evmbvi Ici AMMY ivLev|
12B Rvbyqvixi `k kZ h_vmva cvjb Kie Ges GLbI Avgvi c~eeZx
bvn& wji Rb Lv`v-ZvAvjvi KvQ gv PvwQ|

AvjxMo mdi :
1889 mvji gvPi kl ch hyi jywaqvbvq Aevb Kib| Gwcji
iZ mq` Zvdvh&hyj mvqb mvne (mik&Zv`vi KvjiU, AvjxMo)
wbgY Kivq hyi AvjxMo hvv Kib| AvjxMo GKwU Avh NUbv NU|
mLvbKvi gjex gynv` BmgvCj mvne ZuvK Iqvh Kivi Rb Ave`b
Rvbvjb| hyi m wP Zv Keyj Kijb| wK ci Lv`v ZvAvjvi c
_K Bjnvgi gvag ZvuK wbla Kiv nj| GZ gjex BmgvCj
mvne hyii wei cPviYvi myhvM cjb| wZwb RygyAvi ci Zvui
wei GKwU eZv Kijb Ges eZv BkZnvi AvKvi gyw`Z Ki
weZiY Kijb| nhiZ AvK`vm Zvui ck jvi cZzi dZn Bmjvg
wKZve c`vb Kijb| Zv `Levi wRwbm| hv nvK, Hkx evavi
(1) wmiZzj-gvn`x, c_g L 98 bs iIqvqZ|
Aviwe Aski Abyev` :
Avwg Avgvi cfy Avjvni KvQ gv PvwQ| Avwg Avgvi cf~ Avjvni KvQ gv
PvwQ| Avwg Avgvi hveZxq cvci gv Avgvi cfy Avjvni KvQ PvwQ| Avwg
mv w`wQ h, Avjvn eZxZ Kvb Dcvm bvB, wZwb GK, Zvui Kvb Askx`vi bvB
Ges Avwg AviI mv w`wQ h gynv` mvjvjv AvjvBn Iqvmvjvng Zvui ev`v
I im~j| cfy, Avwg Avgvi cvYi Ici AZvPvi KiwQ Avgvi cvc ^xKvi KiwQ|
Avgvi cvc gv Ki| KviY Zzwg eZxZ cvci gvKvix Avi KD bB|
(Abyev`K)

102

nvqvZ ZvBqev

gvKvwejvq gjex gynv` BmgvCj mvne Ges Abvb ewi DcnvmK

wZwb wKQyB gb Kijb bv| wZwb eZv Kiv A^xKvi Kijb| gjex
gvnv` BmgvCj mvne h BkZnvi cKvk Kib, GZ nhiZ
AvK`vmi wei RvwZl kv eenvii AwfhvM Gb ejv nj, h wZwb
RvwZlx hcvwZ eenvii gvag fwelvYx Ki _vKb Ges GUvKB
wZwb Bjnvg ej cKvk Kib| Zvi GB Acev` Lbi Dk nhiZ
AvK`vm dZn Bmjvg wKZve gyevnvjvi (cv_bv hyi) AvqvZ DcwZ
Kib| gjex BmgvCj mvne ZLb GKwU cyK iPbv KiwQjb| mB
cyKB wZwb GB gyevnvjv gyi Kijb| wK mB cyK cYqb mgv
nIqvi c~eB gjex mvne gZzeiY Kijb Ges fwelZ
AvMgbKvwi`i Rb GKwU wb`kb iL Mjb|1

jywaqvbv cZvMgb :
cvq GK mvn AvjxMo Aevbi ci nhiZ AvK`vm jywaqvbv hvv Kib
Ges KqK w`b Aevbi ci 1889 mvji Gwcji wZxq mvni
iZ Kvw`qvb wdi hvb| 1889 mvji Avei gvm nhiZ Dyj
gygbxbi Iqvj`v mvnev Amy nIqvq ZvuK mLvb `Lvi Rb
jywaqvbvq hvv Kib| Zvui ki nhiZ gxi bvmi bIqve mvne IB
mgq jyywaqvbvZB PvKwi Dcj Aevb KiwQjb| AZ:ci mLvb
_K 1889 mvji 12B bf^i ZvwiL Kvw`qvb wdi Avmb|

nhiZ mvneRv`v cxi wmivRyj nK mvne bygvbxi eqAvZ 23

k wWm^i, 1889 :
nhiZ cxi wmivRyj nK bygvbx Rvgvjx mvne Pvnvi KyZze nvbmexi eskai
wQjb| wZwb wbRI jvKi `xv MnY KiZb Ges mvne-G-Bikv`
wQjb| wZwb nhiZ AvK`vmi mZZv iZB Dcjw KiwQjb| wK
jywaqvbvq eqAvZ bv Ki Kvw`qvbi gmwR` gyeviK eqAvZ bqv cQ`
KiwQjb ej wZwb Kvw`qvb Avmb Ges 1889 mvji 23k wWm^i
ZvwiL Kvw`qvbi gmwR` gyeviK eqAvZ MnY Kib|2
(1) nvqvZ Avng`, ZZxq L, 36 c;|
(2) nvqvZ Avng`, ZZxq L, 41 c;|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

103

nhiZ beve gynv` Avjx Luv mvnei eqAvZ, 19 k bf^i,

1890 :
nhiZ beve gynv` Avjx Lvu mvne gwjiKvUjvi beve cwievii GKRb
cavb ew| wZwb Zdwhjx wkqv wQjb| A_vr nhiZ AvjxK c_g wZb
Lwjdvi Pq kZi gb KiZb| wZwbI GB mgqB eqAvZ Kib|
GKwU wiqvmZ ev mvg ivR cwievi cwZcvwjZ, Z`ycwi wkqv gZvej^x
nIqv mI RMvmxi wZivii KvbB civqv bv Ki nhiZ AvK`vmi
AvbyMZKvix nIqv Avjvn ZvAvjvi GKwU wekl AbyMn wQj| GUv Zvui
cweZv I agkxjZvi cwiPvqK|
beve mvne 1890 mvji iZ Kvw`qvb Avmb| 1890 mvji
m^i I Avei jywaqvbvq wMq nhiZ AvK`vmi mv_ mvvZ
Kib| Zvici, 1890 mvji 19 bf^i wPwVi gvag nhiZ AvK`vmi
KvQ eqAvZ Ki wmjwmjvq hvM`vb Kib| dvj-nvg`y wjjvn Avjv
hvjKv| eqAvZ-Gi iwRvi Zuvi eqAvZi wgK b^i 210 eU|

gmxn gvID` `vwe, 1890 mvji klvsk :

1890 mvji klw`K Avjvn ZvAvjv nhiZ AvK`vmi KvQ cKvk
Kijb, Avu-nhiZ mvjvjv AvjvBn Iqvmvjvg h gmxn Beb gwiqgi
AvMgb msev` c`vb Kib, mB cwZkZ gmxn wZwbB, A_vr nhiZ
AvK`vm| c_g gmxn AvKvk Ro `nmn wKQyZB RxweZ bB| wZwb Ab
bex`i bvq IdvZ cv nqQb| hw`I BwZc~eI Kvb Kvb Bjnvg Ges
mymsev`i gvag ZvuK gmxn gvID` ev cwZkZ gmxn wb`k Kiv
nqwQj, wK h ch Zvui KvQ welqwU cwivi nqwb, wZwb Zvui cyivZb
wekvm wi wQjb Ges mvaviY gymjgvbi gZ nhiZ gmxn bvmix
`nmn AvKvk AvQb ej gb KiZb Ges GUvB wekvm KiZb| wK
hLb cKZ welq Zvui KvQ D`NvwUZ nj, ZLb Zv cKvk KiZ mvgvb
mgqI `wi Kibwb|

dZn& Bmjvg I Zwhn givg cKvk :

gmxwnqZi `vwe NvlYv_ wZwb dZn Bmjvg bvg GKwU msw cywKv
cKvk Kib| Gi UvBUj cR GB Bjnvgx Q PviwU wjwLZ AvQ :

104

nvqvZ ZvBqev

A_vr, GB gmxnK gvbZ Zvgv`i mskq wK? Zvi mv`k Lv`v ZvAvjv
RvwbqQb| wePY wPwKrmK Zvgv`i KvQ GB DcvwaB jvf Kib|
Zvgiv fvj jvK`iK gmxn ejQ|
GB cywKv Ges Ggb AviI GKwU wKZve, Zwhn givg 1890 mvji
klw`K jLv nq Ges 1891 mvji c_g wZb gvmi gaB cKvwkZ
nq| GB cywKvjv cKvk nIqv gv weivPiYi Avb Rj DVjv|

k wkwei gjex gynv` mvqb mvne evUvjex :

gjex gynv` mvqb mvne evUvjex Zvui weLvZ wKZve BkvAvZzmm~bvn-Z nhiZ AvK`vmi wek-wekZ wKZve evinxb Avng`xqv m^
GKwU AwZkq `xN mgvjvPbv wjL Zvui gnvb AvavwZK ghv`v ^xKvi
KiwQjb| wZwbI Zvui wei cei ci ce cKvk i Kijb|
jywaqvbvi gjex Ave`yj Avhxh Ges gjex gynv` cfwZ `xNw`b ai
nhiZ AvK`vmi mv_ kZv cvlY KiwQjb Ges Zvui wei me`vB
ck KiZb| wK gjex gynv` mvqb evUvjexi AvZivg~jK
AvgY jvi KviY bwZ ^xKvi Ki _vKZb| GLb ZvivI myhvM jvf
Kijb| ZvivI LvjvLywjfve weivPiY i Kijb| hLb dZn
Bmjvg cywKv AgZmii wiqvh nx` bvg GKwU cm gyw`Z nwQj,
gjex gynv` mvqb mvne nhiZ AvK`vmi gmxwnqZi `vwe ZLbB
AeMZ nqwQjb| wZwb Kvb Dcvq cywKvwUi cd nMZ Ki `kb
Kib Ges ZrYvr Zvui cwKv BkvAvZzm& mybvn-Z nhiZ AvK`vmK
m^vab Ki wjLjb :
GLb Avwg Avcbvi KvQ RvbZ PvB, GB `vwei gvag Avcbvi GUvB
ejv Dk h cwZkZ gmxn mB gwiqg cy bb, wKqvgZi AvM hvi
Avmvi K_v KziAvb I nv`xm Iqv`v Kiv nqQ Ges wZwb wK AvcwbB?
Gi cZzi ay nvu ev bv viv Kieb|1
(1) BkvAvZzm-mybvn v`k L, v`k msLv, 354 c:| bvU: Kvb Kvb Rxebx jLK
wjLQb h, nhiZ AvK`vm dZn Bmjvgi AvM GKwU BkZnvi I cKvk
Kib| hv Zvui `vwei NvlYv c ^ic wQj| Ijv Avjvgy wem-mvIqve|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

105

gjex mvnei GB cki Di nhiZ AvK`vm wjLjb :

Avcbvi cki Reve, ay nvu h_ gb Kwi|1
hyii GB Revei ci cybivq ixwZgZ cvjvc i nj| Kv_vq gjex
mvnei mB Aev, hLb nhiZ AvK`vmi RyZv enb Miei welq gb
KiZb Ges Kv_vq GLbKvi Aev h Zuvi Acv AwaK
weivPviYKvix Avi KD wQj bv|

gjex gynv` mvqb mvnei gybvhvivi AvKvv :

1891 mvji deqvwii kl ev gvPi c_g nhiZ AvK`vm jywaqvbv
AweiZ PjwQjb| gjex mvne Zvui mv_ gybvhviv ev ZK-hy KiZ
PvBjb| nhiZ AvK`vm Zv cQ` Kiwb| KviY hyii gZ gybvhviv
viv Zgb dj jvf meci wQj bv| wK nqZv DcwZ RbmvaviYi
ga KviI DcKvi nZ cvi fe wZwb GB kZ gybvhviv gyi Kijb
h, wjwLZ gybvhviv nIqv PvB| KviY gwLK K_vq Aekl Akvwi
mw nq| GKwU kZ hyi GUvI wbaviY Kijb :
GB evnvmi mfvq IB me Bjnvg cvwi `vwe`vi`i DcwZ nZ ne,
hviv Zv`i Bjnvgi gvag GB AagK Rvnvbvgx mve KiQb Ges
Ggb Kvdi ej wbaviY KiQb h mvaviYZ n`vqZ cZ cvi bv|
Zviv gyevnvjv (cv_bv hy) PqQb| Bjnvg Abyhvqx wgquv Ave`yi ingvb
jzKIqvjv AvgvK Kvdi I gyjnv` cwZcb KiQb Ges wgquv Ave`yj
nK MRbex Rvnvbvgx wbicY KiQb| gjex Ave`yj Rvevi Zv`i
Bjnvg Zmw`KI AbymiY Kib| myZivs, Zuv`i wZbRbiB mfvj DcwZ
_vKv AZvekK, hvZ gyevnvjv m^I wggvsmv GKB m nq hvq|2
nhiZ AvK`vmi wPwVi GB DwZ _K Rvbv hvq h, AgZmii MRbexi
`jI hyii fxlY weivwaZvq AeZxY nqwQj Ges gvKvejv Kivi Rb
cZ wQj| Gi dj, gjex gynv` mvqb mvnei mv_ hyii
cvjvc `xN nZ _vK| Hme c _K wKQy K_v cvVK-cvwVKvi
DcKviv_ DjL Kiv nj|
(1) gjex gynv` mvqb evUvjexi bvg nhiZ AvK`vmi c, Zvs 5B deqvwi,
1891, mvj| (nvqvZ Avng` ZZxq Rj&`, 61c:)|
(2) gjex gynv` mvqb evUvjex bvgxq c Zvs 8Bs gvP, 1891 mvj|

106

nvqvZ ZvBqev

cvjvci wKQz K_vevZv :

gjex gvnv` mvqb evUvjex mvne Avcw ^ic Zvui GKwU c
evivnxb Avng`xqvq nhiZ AvK`vmi wjwLZ IB DwI DcwZ Kib,
hLvb gymjgvb`i K_v I cPwjZ ag wekvm Abymvi wZwb wjLwQjb
h, nhiZ gmxn hLb cybevi cw_exZ AvMgb Kieb, ZLb Zvui nvZ
Bmjvg ag me wevi jvf Kie| Gi Reve nhiZ mvne AZ weZ
fve c`vb Kib| Gi mvigg hyii wbR K_vq c` nj :
GB Aag Lv`v ZvAvjv _K Bjnvg cv nq evivnxb-Avng`xqvq
Beb-gixqg Gi cwZkZ ev AcwZkZ nIqv m^ Kvb wKQzB DjL
Kwiwb| ay GKUv cPwjZ AvwK`v ^ic AvjvwPZ nqwQj| Avcwb
GLvb Zv DcwZ Kivq KvbB dj ne bv|
Avgv`i bex mvjvjv AvjvBn IqvmvjvgI Kvb Kvb KvR Inx bvhj
bv nIqv ch ebx Bmvwqji bex`i gk&i cPwjZ wbqgvbyhvqx PjZb
Ges Inx cvIqvi ci hLb wbla Kiv nZ, ZLb Zv cwiZvM KiZb| Zv
GKRb wkI eySZ cvi| Avcbvi gZ we evw eySeb bv Kb1
gjex gynv` mvqb mvne PvwQjb gybvhvivq Zuvi `vwei mg_b Ges
gmxni gZz cwZcb Kivi Rb nhiZ AvK`vm c_g hyw wjwce
Kieb| wK nhiZ AvK`vmi hywi wfw wQj :
Avwg dZn Bmjvg Zwhn givg viv Ges KvIj dmxn2 cwKvq
Bhvjvq AvInvgi h Ask cKvwkZ nqQ Zvi gvagI Avgvi `vwe
Dgfve eYbv KiwQ Ges mB `vwe GB h Avwg Bj&nvgi wfw g~j
gmxj-gmxn (gmxni Abyic) nIqvi `vwe Kwi Ges m m GK_vI
ewj h nhiZ gmxn Be&b gwiqg eZ: cijvKMgb KiQb|
myZivs, GB Aagi gmxj-gmxn nIqv Avcwb Bkv-AvZzm& mybvnZ
meci ej ^xKvi KiQb| Avwg mZi Ici cwZwZ nq _vKj
Avjvn& Rvjv-kvby Avgvi mvnvh Kieb Ges Zuvi kwkvjx AvgYmg~n
viv Avgvi mZZv cKvwkZ Kieb|
evwK _vKjv Beb gwiqg nIqv| gZzi cgvY jLvi Kvb `vwqZ
(1) nhiZ AvK`vmi c, Zvs 14B gvP, ebvg gjex gyn` mvqb mvne evUvjex|
(2) GB mvgwqK cwU wkqvjKvU _K gybwk Mvjvg Kv`i mvnei mv`bvq
cKvwkZ nZv|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

107

Avgvi Ici bB| KviY, Avwg Ggb Kvb `vwe Kwiwb, hv Lv`v ZvAvjvi
wPivPwiZ wbqgi weivax| avivevwnKfve nhiZ Av`g _K i Ki
GB wbqgB cPwjZ AvQ h, h RbMnY Ki Aekl GKw`b heb ev
cp Zvi gZz nq| Avjvn& Rvjv-kvby ejb :

myZivs, hLb Avgvi KZeB bq h, Avwg gmxni gZzi `wjj `B, ZLb
Zv Avcbvi KZe h Avcwb Avgvi eYbv wg_v cwZcb Kievi Rb c_g
Kjg aib Ges KziAvb I Av-nv`xm _K cgvwYZ Kib h mevB
BnjvK cwiZvM Ki hvq Ges Avgv`i bex Kixg (mv.)I IdvZ jvf
KiQb| wK gmxni GLb chI IdvZ cZ evwK AvQb| Kvb
gybvhvivKvixK wRvmv Kib h gybvhvivi wbqg wK?
GLb GUvI iY ivLeb, Avcbvi Abvb ZKI gmxni ^kixi
DvwjZ nIqviB kvLv ckvLv gv| hw` Avcwb Zv cgvY Ki `b h,
gmxn RxweZvevq Ro-`n wbq AvKvki w`K DvwjZ nqwQjb, Zv
nj Avcwb me wKQyB cgvY Kijb| myZivs c_g jLv Avcbvi `vwqZ|
hw` GLbI Avcwb ^xKvi bv Kib, Ze Ab RvwZ _K wKQy ewK
gxgvsmvKvix gb `Lyb| hw` Avcwb GLbI ^xKvi bv Kib, Ze Ab
RvwZ _K wKQy ewK wggvsmvKvix gb `Lyb|
Aekl GKwU DcgvI byb| Rvq` wbik| Zvi wbiki ci `yB
k eQi cvi nq MQ| Lvj` I Awj`i ga Zvi Rxeb Ges gZz wbq
weev` Pjj| Lvj`K GK msev``vZv msev` w`j h, cKZc Rvq`i
gZz nqQ| wK Awj` GB msev` A^xKvi Ki| GLb Avcbvi AwfgZ
wK? cgvYi fvi Kvi Ici? Lvj`K wK Zvi `vwe Abyhvqx Rvq`i gZz
cgvY KiZ ne, A_ev GLb ch RxweZ _vKv Awj` mve Kie? wewa
wK?2

(1) A_vr, Zvgv`i ga KD KD cv eqm cvYZvM Ki Ges Zvgv`i KD

KD AZvwaK evaK cuQ, hvZ e wKQy vb jvf Kivi ci m~Y vbnviv
nq co| myiv nR, AvqZ 6 (Abyev`K)
(2) nvqvZ-Avng`, ZZxq L, 79 c:|

108

nvqvZ ZvBqev

gjex gynv` mbi mv_ c Av`vb-c`vb e :

hLb nhiZ AvK`vm, `LZ cjb gjex mvne AcqvRbxq cvjvc I
jvd-Suvc Qvov Kvb hywmZ K_vi w`K Avmb bv, ZLb 1891 mvji
Gwcj gvmi kl wbwjwLZ ci gvag Zuvi mv_ fwelr wPwVci
Av`vb c`vb e Kijb|
wem&wgjvwni ivn&gvwbi ivnxg| bvn&gv`y Iqvbymvwj Avjv ivmywjwnj Kixg|
wcq fvB gjex mvne mvjvgv,
Avmmvjvgy AvjvBKzg I ivn&gvZzjvn I evivKvZy|
Avcbvi AbyMnwjwc cuQQ| GB Aag Kvb bZzb K_v `LwQ bv, hvi
Reve jLv cqvRb| GB Aagi `vwei wfw Bj&nvg| hw` Avcwb cgvY
KiZ cviZb h KziAvb I nvw`m GB `vwei weivax-Zvici hw` GB
Aag Avcbvi `wjjjv Zvi jLbx viv Lb KiZ bv cviZ, Ze
DcwZ mKj ewi KvQ Avcwb mZev`x nZb Ges Avcbvi K_vgZ
Aag GB Bj&nvg nZ ZIev KiZ| hvnvK, GLb Avcwb GhvjvqAvInvg cyKi cwZev` wjLZ i Kib| gvbyl AvcwbB `L wbe|
Iqvmmvjvg| LvKmvi-Mvjvg Avn&g` Avdv Avb&|1

gjex gynv` mvqbi Qbvg QveiY :

hLb gjex gynv` mvqb mvne `LZ cjb Zuvi AhwKZvi dj
nhiZ AvK`vm wghv mvne c Av`vb-c`vb e KiQb| ZLb wZwb
jywaqvbvi RbK mv ew gjex gynv` nvmvb mvneK QveiY
eenvi KiZ PvBjb| c wbRB wjLZb| wK gjex gynv` nvmvb
mvne wjLQb ej cKvk Kievi Rb Zuvi `LZ MnY KiZb| hw`I
nhiZ AvK`vm cKZ evcvi AewnZ wQjb, Zey Gme ci Reve bv
`qv cQ` Kibwb| myZivs, cKvii wPwVc Av`vb-c`vb PjZ jvMj|
wK AvjvPbvi welqe GKB wQj, hv AvM ewYZ nqQ| GRb IB me
wPwVci AvjvPbv AbvekK|

(1) 1891 mvji 20 k Gwcj ZvwiL gjex gynv` mvqb mvne evUvjexi bvgxq
nhiZ AvK`vmi c| (nvqvZ Avn&`, ZZxq L, 78-79 c:)|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

109

GKwU Riwi wew :

nhiZ AvK`vm hLb `LZ cjb gjex mvne gybvhvivi Rb Avnvb
Kib wK mvgb DcwZ nb bv, cvi RbmvaviYi ga cPviYv viv
Zv`iK Zuvi wei DwRZ KiQb, ZLb wZwb Riix BkZnvi kxl
w`q mgM Djvgv mc`vq I RbmvaviYi Ici P~ov hywi cvavb
Dcvcbi gvbm GKwU BkZnvi cKvk Kijb| Gi mvigg GB :
DjvgvMY Avgvi wei GB AwfhvM Kib Avwg dikZvn,
jvBjvZzj-K`i Ges gmxni gyRhv mg~n A^xKvi Kwi| Zuviv Kb
GKwU cKvk Rbmfvq Avgvi mv_ wjwLZ gybvhviv Kib bv? Zvnj Zv
memvaviYi KvQ mZ cKvk nq hvq|

GB BkZnvii klvsk hyi wjLjb :

Avwg DP:^i ejwQ Avgvi KvQ Lv`v ZvAvjv Zuvi Bj&nvg I Bj&Kv viv
mZ cKvk KiQb| Avgvi KvQ h mZ cKvwkZ nqQ Zv GB,
cKZc nhiZ gmxn Beb gixqg IdvZ cv nqQb Ges Zuvi in
Zuvi gmxn cy Bqvn&Bqvi AvZvi m wZxq Avmgvb AvQ| GB Rvgvbvi
Rb invbxfve h gmxni Avmevi K_v wQjhuvi msev` mZ nvw`m
mg~n ewYZ AvQ, wZwb Avwg| GUv Lv`v ZvAvjvi KvR| jvKi PvL
Zv AvhRbK I NwYZ ej cwi` nq| Avwg cwivi wjLwQ, Avgvi `vwe
ay Bj&nvgi IciB cwZwZ bq eis mgM KziAvb kixd Gi mg_b Ki|
me mnxn& nvw`m Gi mZZvi mvx| Lv`v-c` eywewI GiB mg_b
Ki| hw` gjex mvnevbi KvQ wei kixqwZ `wjj gRy` _vK, Ze
Zuviv cKvk Rbmfvq Dci ewYZ Dcvq Avgvi mv_ wggvsmv Kib|
wbtm`n mZiB Rq ne| evievi ewj h, Avwg mZi Ici AvwQ|
hLb gjex mvneMY ejb h, GB `vwe KziAvb I nvw`mi weivax,
ZLb Zuviv c~Y wbeywZvi cwiPq `b|
gnv`qMY, Avjvn Rvjv kvby Avcbv`i `qK Cgvbi RvwZ: viv
AvjvwKZ Kib| GB `vwe KLbI Avjvn&i Ges Zvi imyji evKi
weivax bq| Avcbv`i eyw wechq NUQ| hw` Avcbviv mfv WK vb
I ZvwiL wVK Ki GKwU cKvk Rbmfvq Avgvi mv_ wjwLZ evnvm bv
Kib, Ze Avcbviv Lv`v ZvAvjvi KvQ Ges mZcivqY ew`i
KvQI weiev`x cwZcb neb| GUvB mgxPxb h Avgvi mv_ mvgb
em wjwLZfve evnvm bv Kiv ch RbmvaviYK wec_Mvgx Kivi KvR

110

nvqvZ ZvBqev

_K Ges wei gZ cKvk Kiv _K gyL e ivLyb| fq Kib Lv`v

ZvAvjvi GB mvwbZ AvqvZK : 1
Ab_vq, GB me KvhKjvc jv, Cgvb, Lv`vi fq Ges bvqcivqYZvi
weivax ej MY ne| cKvk _vK h GB BkZnvi meRbxbfve mKj
gjex mvnevbKB m^vab Kiv nQ hviv wei gZ cKvk KiQb|
weklZ: Zv`i mevi bZeM, A_vr gjex Avey mvqx` gynv` mvqb
mvne evUvjex, gjex iwk` Avn&g` Mvvnx, gjex Ave`yj Rvevi
mvne MRbex, gjex Avyi ingvb mvne jzKIqvjv, gjex kvqL&
Devq`yjvn& mvne wZeZx, gjex Avyj Avhxh mvne jywaqvbex gvq
fvBiv Ges gjex Mvjvg `Mxi Kmix Avgvi m^vabi jj|2

gjex gynv` nvmvbi mv_I c Av`vb-c`vb e :

Avgiv Dci ejwQ gjex gynv` mvqb mvnei ci gjex gvnv`
nvmvbi mv_ cvjvc i nq| wK Gi AivjI gjex gynv`
mvqbB KvR KiwQjb| Zvi Rb Gme c Av`vb-c`vbi dj KvbB
wggvsmv nj bv| GB c eenviI 1891 mvji 13B Ryb e Kiv nj|
wK RbmvaviYi ga gybvhviv kvbvi I `Lvi Zxe AvKvv cKvk
cvwQj Ges nhiZ AvK`vmI PvwQjb Kvb cKvi gmxni gZz Ges
cwZkZ gmxni welq wbq ZK nvK|

jywaqvbvq gyevnvmvi KviY :

Gi Rb Avjvn ZvAvjv Ggb DcKiY mw Kijb h, dj gjex
gynv` mvqb mvne evUvjex gyevnvmv KiZ eva njb| Zv GB cKvi
nj, 13B Ryb gjex gynv` nvmvbi mv_ cviwiK c wewbgq e
nj nhiZ AvK`vm 1891 mvji RyjvBi c_g fvM AgZmii Kvb
mv ew AvMn Kivq mLvb hvb| AgZmii Avnj-nvw`m `ywU `j
wef nqwQj| GK `ji bZv wQjb gjex Avng`yjvn mvne|3
(1) Zvgvi h welqi Kvb vb bB, Zvi cvZ QywUI bv| m~iv ewb BmivCj,
37 AvqvZ| (Abyev`K)
(2) 26 k gvP 1891 mvji Riix Bk&Znvi nj DZ (nvqvZ-Avn`, ZZxq
L, 84-90 c:|)
(3) gjex Avng`yjvn mvne gjex gynv` mvqb mvne evUvjexi Qv Ges I
gjex mvbvDjvn& AgZmixi wkK wQjb|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

111

Ab `ji bZv wQjb MRbexMY| nhiZ AvK`vm 1891 mvji 7B

RyjvB, gjex Avn&g`yjvn& mvneK kvw ivi kZ wjwLZ gybvhvivi
Rb Avnevb Kib| gjex mvne GZ AMmi njb bv| dj, gjex
Avn&g`yjvn& mvnei `ji wKQy ew nhiZ AvK`vmi KvQ eqAvZ
MnY Ki wmjwmjvq `vLj njb| Zuv`i ga nhiZ gjex gynv`
Bm&gvCj mvne, nhiZ wgquv bex eL&k wekl DjLhvM| GB gnv`qMY
wmj&wmjvq hvM`vb Kivq gjex gynv` mvqb mvne gyevnvmv KiZ
eva njb|

jywaqvbvi gyevnvmv :
nhiZ AvK`vm AgZmi _K jywaqvbv hvb | 1891 mvji 20 RyjvB,
nhiZ AvK`vmi evmvbB gyevnvmv i nj| GB gyevnvmvq nhiZ
gjex Ave`yj Kixg mvne Ges gybwk Mvjvg Kv`i mvne dmxn&
wkqvjKvUmn Kcyi_jv Ges jywaqvbv Rjvi RvgvZ jvi eyMY
weklfve hvM`vb KiwQjb|

nhiZ cxi wmivRyj nK bvgvbx mvnei weewZ :

nhiZ cxi wmivRyj nK mvne bvgvbx ivwh Avjvn Avb GB gyevnvmvi
wb c` weeiY wjwce KiQb:
Avwg nhiZ AvK`vmi wjwLZ ghgyb m m bKj Ki hZvg| hLb
gjex gynv` mvqb mvne evUvjex, gjex gynv` nvmvb mvne,
mvAv`yjvn bI gymwjg Ges AviI cvuP-mvZ ew mgwfeenvi nhiZi
evmvq AvMgb Kijb, ZLb wZwb GKwU ck wjL nhiZ AvK`vmi mvgb
ivLjb| nhiZ AvK`vm Gi Di wjL w`jb Ges AvgvK KqKwU Kjg
cZ Ki Zuvi cvk iL `qvi Rb ejjb Ges Av`k w`jb h, wZwb
hv jLb m m Avwg hb Zvi bKj Ki hvB| myZivs, Avwg cwZwjwc
cZ KiZ jvMjvg Ges wZwb wjLZ jvMjb| hLb mw`bKvi ck I
Di jLv nq Mj, ZLb gjex gynv` mvqb mvne AxKvi f
Ki gwLK IqvR i Kijb| wZwb ejjb h, wghv mvnei gZ
KziAvb Kixg nvw`mi Ici AMMY, GB wekvm KiZ ne| KziAvb kixd
msv welq mg~n nvw`mi viv D`NvwUZ nq Ges GUvB wggvsmv| gjex
mvnei eZvi GUvB mvigg wQj| AZ:ci, nhiZ AvK`vm AvjvBnm

112

nvqvZ ZvBqev

mvjvg ejjb, c~e GB Pzw mvw`Z nq h, gwLK eZv KD Kie

bv| gjex mvne GB Pzwf c~eK eZv KiQb| myZivs, AvgviI wKQy
gwLK eZv Kivi AwaKvi RMQ| Zvici, nhiZ AvK`vm AvjvBnm
mvjvg ejjb: gjex mvnei GB aggZ KvbfveB bq h, nvw`m
KziAvb kixdi Ici AMMY| KyiAvb kixd cVbxq Inx| mgM KziAvb
kixd imyjyjvn mvjvjv AvjvBn Iqv mvjvgi mgq GK msiY Kiv
nq Ges Zv wQj Avjvni Kvjvg| nvw`m mK GB aibi Kvb eev
Aejw^Z nqwb Ges Avu-nhiZ mvjvjv AvjvBn Iqv mvjvgi mgq
wjwce nqwb| KziAvb kixdi h ghv`v I vb Zv nvw`mi bB| KviY
Gjv iIqvqZ `i-iIqvqZ- GKRbi weewZ cybivq AbRb viv
ewYZ nq msMnxZ nqQ| cvi, hw` KD nvw`m m^ Ggb Kmg
Ki h, KziAvb kixdi cwZ AiB Kvjvg-Gjvnx Ges hw` Zv Avjvni
Kvjvg bv nq _vK, Ze Zvi x ZvjvK, Ze kixqZ Abymvi Zvi xi
Ici ZvjvK ewZe bv| cvi, hw` KD nvw`m m^ Kmgc~eK ej,
nvw`mi cwZ k I Ai imyjyjvn mvjvjv AvjvBn Iqv mvjvgi gyL
wb:mZ evYx, hw` Zv bv nq, Zvi x ZvjvK, Ze wb:m`n Zvi xi Ici
ZvjvK ewZe| nhiZ AvK`vm AvjvBnm mvjvgi eZvi GB wQj
mvigg| eZv Ges wjwLZ ce cvV Ki DjwLZ weewZ nhiZ AvK`vm
AvjvBnm mvjvg hLb bvwQjb, ZLb PZzw`K _K ay Dg Dg
myevnvbvjvn myenvbvjvn, awb DwZ nwQj| Ggb nZv h, Kejgv
mvAv`yjvn& I gjex mvne eZxZ Zvu`i ci ewiv AvZmvi
myenvbvjvn& ejZb| `y wZb Rb ew ejjb, Zv`i aviYv wQj wghv
mvne eZv KiZ cvib bv ej gwLK evnvm bv Ki wjwLZ evnvm
Kib| wK AvR Zviv RvbZ cvijb h wghv mvne AwZ Dg eZvI
KiZ cvib Ges wjwLZ ee cQ` Kivi KviY eZvi AgZv bq,
eis Gi KviY hvZ jLvi viv mZwg_vi ga fvj wggvsmv nq Ges
mevB m~Yfve mZ I wg_vi ga cv_K Dcjw KiZ cvib Ges
DcwZ I AbycwZ mevi KvQ mZ wg_v cyivcywi cKvwkZ nq| gjex
mvne GZ Am nq ejjb Zvgiv bZ GmQv bv, evnev,
evnev Ges myenvbvjvn& ejZ GmQv? Dfq ci wjwLZ eejv
gyw`Z I cKvwkZ nqQ| Zv jLvi cqvRb bB|1
(1) GB gyevnvmv Avj&-n jywaqvbv bvg cKvwkZ nq|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

113

GB gyevnvmvq nhiZ AvK`vm AvjvBnm& mvjvg nvw`m Ges KziAvb

kixdi m^ mK P~ov AvjvPbv Kib Ges fwelZi Rb hveZxq
ZKi Aemvb Kib| Qq-mvZ w`b ch GB gyevnvmv nhiZ AvK`vm
AvjvBnm& mvjvgi Aevbvjq AbywZ nj| gjex mvne& ZLb Kvb
fve AevnwZ jvfi Rb e njb Ges GB evnvbvi AeZviYv Kijb
h, GZ w`b Zuvi evwoZ gyevnvmv nqQ, GLb Zvi A_vr gjex gynv`
nvmvbi evwoZ gyevnvmv nIqv DwPZ| nhiZ AvK`vm Avjvqnm& mvjvg
Zv gyi Kijb| Aewk KqK w`bevcx gjex gynv` nvmvbi
evwoZB gyevnvmv nj| nhiZ AvK`vm Avjvqnm mvjvg mLvb hvIqvi
mgq Avwg DcwZ _vKZvg| bv nq, wZwb AvgvK WK wbZb Ges Avwg
bv Avmv ch Acv KiZb| cwiYvg GB `vuovjv h gjex gynv`
mvqb mvne e PvjvwK Kijb| Kvb PvZzwiB wUKjv bv| Zey GKwU
ce wZwb AcniY Kib| gyevnvmvq G eivZ wQj |
gjex gynv` nvmvbi evwoZ gv `y Pvi Rb jvK nZ| Zi w`b ch
GB gyevnvmv PjwQj| jvKRb AZ ahPzZ nq cojv| Pviw`K _K
c AvmZ jvMj| Lvm jywaqvbvi Awaevmxiv Mvjgvj i Kijv|
DjwLZ bxwZ wbq gyevnvmv Avi KZ Kvj Pje? gmxni Rxeb ev gZz
ZKi g~j welqe wbavwiZ nqwQj| IB welq gyevnvmv nIqv PvB| bxwZ
mwKZ GB weev` gjex mvne asm nvb| Gw`K nhiZ AvK`vm
AvjvBnm mvjvgI evi evi ejwQjb, gyevnvmv gmxn wK RxweZ bv gZ GB
welq nIqv AZvekK, hvZ GK m me welqiB wggvsmv nq hvq|
wK gjex mvne GB g~j welqi w`K Kvb gZB Avmjb bv| gjex
mvnei KvQ gmxni Rxeb m^ `wjj wQj bv| GB Rb wZwb KejB
GovZ PvBjb| hvB nvK, Zi w`b gyevnvmv njv| kl w`b wLvb,
gymjgvb, wn`y BZvw` m`vqi e jvKi mgvMg nj| nhiZ AvK`vm
AvjvBnm mvjvg wjwLZ ee cvVi AvM ejjb, GB gyevnvmv `xN nq
coQ| GLb Gi KvbB cqvRb bB| gmxn wK RxweZbv gZ, GB g~j
welq envj nIqv mgxPxb| wK gjex mvne, Kvb gB ^xKvi Kijb
bv| Zvui nvZ nhiZ Cmv AvjvBnm mvjvg RxweZ _vKvi Kvb cgvY wQj
bv| nhiZ AvK`vm AvjvBnm mvjvg ee cvV i Kij gjex
mvnei Pnviv Kvjv nq cojv| wZwb Ggb evKzj-wP I kwZ nq
cojb h, Zvui eyw jvc cj| bvU Kivi Rb wZwb Kjg wbq
KqKevi gvwUi Ici AvNvZ KiZ jvMjb| `vqvZ hLvb wQj, mLvb

114

nvqvZ ZvBqev

_vKjv gvwUi Dci KqK evi AvNvZ Kivq Kjg f Mj| hLb GB
nvw`m bZ cjb h, imyj Kixg mvjvjv AvjvBn Iqv mvjvg
ejQb h nvw`m KziAvbi weivax Zv cwiZvM KiZ ne Ges
KziAvbK MnY KiZ ne, ZLb gjex mvne AwZkq vavw^Z nq
ejZ jvMjb GB nvw`m eyLvixZ bB| GB nvw`m eyLvixZ _vKj
gjex mvnei Dfq weweiB ZvjvK| GB ZvjvK k b DcwZ
RbZv nm DVj| gjex mvnei jvi mxgv _vKjv bv| AZ:ci,
KqK w`b ai gjex mvne jvK`i KvQ ejZ jvMjb, bv bv Zvi
`y wewei Ici ZvjvK eZwb Ges wZwb ZvjvK k DPviY Kibwb|
ZLb `k-wek Rb ev k `yB k jvK hv RvbZv, GLb gjex mvne
mnm mnm ewK Zv Rvbvjb| gjex mvne vav nq, Lv`v
Rvbb, gyL _K KZ wK wbtmZ KiwQjb|1
G gyevnvmv 1891 mvji 20k RyjvB nZ 31k RyjvB ch evi aiw`b
nqwQj| nhiZ AvK`vm AvjvBnm& mvjvg GhvqAvInvgi klvsk
GB gyevnvmvi Ag~j ev cKvk Kib| GB gyevnvmv Avjn j~waqvbv
bvg ^Z wKZveicI cKvwkZ nq|

gjex gynv` mvqb mvnei vav DRbv I jywaqvbv

WcywU Kwgkbvii wb`k :
gjex gynv` mvqb mvne hLb gyevnvmv viv wKQy KiZ cvijb bv,
ZLb wZwb vai ekeZx nq DRbvg~jK wqvKjvc i Kijb|
GZ knii kvw wewNZ nIqvi Avkv nj| jywaqvbvi WcywU Kwgkbvi
gjex mvnei GB me KvR-Kgi wicvU cq gjex mvneK kni
cwiZvMi Av`k c`vb Kijb| wZwb jvnvi Pj Mjb| nhiZ
AvK`vm gb Kijb, nZ cvi, Dfq c _KB jywaqvbv cwiZvMi
Av`k nqQ| GRb cKZ welq AeMZ nIqvi Rb 5B AvM jywaqvbvi
WcywU KwgkbviK GKwU c wjLjb| 6B AvM WcywU Kwgkbvii KvQ
_K nhiZ AvK`vmi ci Di Avmj:2
wg: WweD PvU&m evnv`yi WcywU Kwgkbvi jywaqvbvi evsjv _K gxhv
Mvjvg Avng`, Pxd Ad& Kvw`qvb| mvjvgZ| MZKvji Avcbvi c
(1) ZvhKivZzj&-gvn`x, wmivRyj nK mvnebygvbx cYxZ|
(2) nvqvZ-Avn&g`, ZZxq L, 109-110c:|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

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cq, `L I b wjLZ nQ h, miKvwi AvBb gvZveK Avcbvi

jywaqvbv _vKvi IB mg AwaKviB iqQ, hgb BsiR miKvii AvBb
gvbKvix Aci mvaviYi AvQ| Zvs 6B AvM, 1891 mvj|
(`LZ, WcywU Kwgkbvi evnv`yi)

gjex wbhvgywb mvnei eqAvZ :

gyevnvmvi ci w`b GKwU AvhRbK NUbv NUjv| gjex wbhvgywb
mvne GKRb KziAvbf gjex wQjb| wZwb 2/4 Rb AviI jvKi
mv_ gjex gvnv` mvqb mvneK ejjb KziAvb gRx` wK
nhiZ Cmv AvjvBnm& mvjvgi RxweZ _vKvi m^ Kvb AvqvZ bB?
gjex mvne ejjb, nvu, wekwU AvqvZ KziAvb gRx` we`gvb AvQ|
gjex mvnei GB Reve b gjex wbhvgywb mvne nhiZ
AvK`vmi wL`gZ DcwZ nq ejjb, gxhv mvne, Avcbvi KvQ
nhiZ gmxni gZzi `wjj AvQ wK ? nhiZ AvK`vm ejjb, hw`
KziAvb gRx` _K wekwU AvqvZ ei Ki `LvZ cvwi, Ze? hyi
ejjb, gjex mvne, Avcwb GKwU AvqvZB wbq Avmyb| Avgvi Rb
GUvB h_| gjex wbhvgywb mvne ejjb, `Leb, wVK _vKeb|
Avwg wekwU AvqvZ w`wQ| GB ej gjex wbhvgywb mvne gjex
gynv` mvqb mvne evUvjexi KvQ wMq ejjb. gjex mvne, Avwg
wghv mvne _K ^xKwZ wbq GmwQ| Avwg ZvuK ejwQjvg h, Avwg
wekwU AvqvZ ei Ki wbq AvmwQ| wK wZwb Kej GZUzKzB ejjb
h, ay GKwU AvqvZB hb wbq DcwZ Kwi| GLb Avcwb gmxn RxweZ
_vKv m^ AvqvZjv ei Ki w`b| Avwg GLbB wghv mvnei KvQ
wMq ZvK ZIev Kwiq Avme| kvZvMY gjex mvnei GB mvdji
K_v b eoB cxZ njb| wK gjex gynv` mvqb mvne AwMkg
nq ejjb, ZzB wghvK civwRZ Ki Avwmm bvB| Avgv`i jwZ
KiwQm| e w`b _K wghvK nvw`mi w`K Avbvi Pv KiwQ Ges
wZwb AvgvK KziAvi kixdi w`K UvbQb| KziAvb kixd gmxn RxweZ
_vKv m^ Kvb AvqvZ _vKj, Avwg KeB DcwZ KiZvg| GB RbB
Avwg nvw`mi Ici Rvi w`q _vwK| KziAvb kixd viv Avgiv mRxe
nZ cvwib bv| KziAvb kixd Zv wghvi `vweK ZvRv Ki|
Zvh& wKivZzj-gvn`x cYZv cxi wmivRyj nK mvne bygvb wjLb, wZwb
Avjvn Rvjv kvbyi mvx Ki ejQb, gjex gynv` mvqb evUvjex

116

nvqvZ ZvBqev

GB K_vjv ejwQjb Ges GZ we`ygv wg_vi Ask bB| hv nvK,

gjex gynv` mvqb mvnei GB K_vjv b wbhvgywb mvnei
PvL Lyj| wZwb ejjb :
KziAvb kixd Zvgvi m bB| Ze GZ eo `vwe KiwQj Kb?
GLb Avwg Kvb& gyL wghv mvnei KvQ hve? hw` KziAvb kixd Zvgvi
mx bq Ges ZvgvK m bv `q, eis wghv mvnei mv_x Ges Zvi
mnvqZv Ki, Ze Avwg Zvgvi m KiZ cvwi bv| GgZvevq, Avwg
wghvi mx ne| GUv cvw_e welq bq| agi evcvi| h w`K KziAvb
kixd, m w`K Avwg| GZ gjex gyn` mvqb mvne evUvjex Zvui
mi gjex mvnei w`K ZvwKq ejjb gjex mvne, wbhvgywb
wbeva| ZvK Avey ivqivn&i AvqvZ ei Ki `wLq w`b| gjex
wbhvgywb mvne ejjb, Avey ivqivn&i AvqvZi Avgvi cqvRb bB|
Avwg ay Avjvn ZvAvjvi AvqvZ MnY Kiev| Dfq gjex ejjb,
wbeva, AvqvZ Zv Avjvn ZvAvjvi| wK Avey ivqivn& Gi Zdmxi
KiQb| gjex wbhvgyw&b mvne ejjb, Kvb Zdmxii cqvRb
bB| m Zv GK ewi AwfgZ gv| hv Zvi AwfgZ ev Abygvbi mv_
Avgvi Kvb mK bB| wghv Pvb KziAvb Kixgi AvqvZ|
myZivs,gmxni RxweZ _vKv m^ KziAvb AvqvZi Avgvi cqvRb
|
hLb Kvb AvqvZ cvIqv Mj bv, ZLb gjex gyn` mvqb evUvjex
wbwZfve eySZ cvijb, GB ew ZvnvZ Qvov nj| GRb wZwb
gjex gyn` nvmvbK whwb cii gyKvwj` I jywaqvbvi GKRb mv
ew wQjb ejjb, Avcwb Zvi iwU e Ki w`b KviY, gjex
wbhvgywb mvne jywaqvbvi cfvekvjx gjex gynv` nvmvb mvnei
evwoZ Avnvi KiZb| gjex gynv` mvqb mvnei GB agK b
gjex wbhvgywb mvne KZzK ^ic Rvo nvZ ejjb, gjex
mvne, Avwg KziAvb kixd Qvojvg| iwU Qvoveb bv| GB K_v kyb
evUvjex mvne AZ jwZ njb| Aekl, gjex wbhvgyxb mvne
nhiZ AvK`vmi L`gZ nvwRi nq jvebZ gK em _vKjb|
nhiZ ejjb, ejyb, wek, Ewbk, `k, cvuP, `yB, Pvi ev GKwU AvqvZ
DcwZ Kib| gjex mvne c_g Pzc _vKjb| Zvici c~ei evcvi
weeZ Ki ejjb, GLb hw`K KziAvb kixd, mw`K Avwg| GB
ej hyii KvQ eqAvZ MnY Kijb| Zvi eqAvZ MnY gjex`i

nvqvZ ZvBqev

117

ga ayg kviMvj DcwZ nj Ges gyevnvmvi cwZ c~evcv AwaKZi

ZxeZi fve PjZ jvMj|1

muvB jve kvn& gRhyei mv :

Avjvn ZvAvjvi gvgyi`i AvMgbi mgq hLb wbKUeZx nq, ZLb Zuvi
KvQ _K Zuvi dik&Zviv m`vZv`iK GKwZ Kivi Rb Avw` nb|
GBme cyYvZv`i gaB GKRb wQjb wgquv Kixg eLk mvn gig|
wZwb cig mvay, gyvKx , mybZi AbyeZx Ges mZev`x cyil wQjb| wZwb
hLb nhiZ AvK`vmi KvQ eqAvZ MnY Kib, ZLb Zuvi eqAvZi
ciYvK mvay AvZv jve mvne mv ej cKvk Kib| GB gRhyei
wKQy fwelvYx eYbv Kievi ci wZwb ejb :
GB eyRyM wk eQi AvM GKevi AvgvK ejwQjb, Cmv GLb heb
c`vcY Kieb| wZwb jywaqvbvq Gm KziAvbi vwmg~n cKvk Kieb
Ges KziAvbi viv wggvsmv Kieb| AviI ejjb gjex ZvuK
A^xKvi KiZB _vKe| ZLb Avwg Avhvw^Z nq wRvmv Kijvg,
KziAvbI fyj AvQ? KziAvb Zv Avjvni Kvjvg| ZLb wZwb ejjb,
Zdmxii ci Zdmxi nqQ Ges KweZg~jK fvlv wevi jvf KiQ
(A_vr, e AwZib viv e mZ XvKv coQ hgb, Kweiv AZywi viv
cKZ mZK Mvcb Ki `q|) Zvici ejjb, mB Cmv Gm KziAvb
viv dqmvjv Kieb| Zvici, GB gRhye (Hkx cg AvZnviv) cybevi
ejjb, KyiAvb viv wggvsmv Kib Ges gjexiv Zv A^xKvi Kie|
Zvici AviI ejjb, A^xKvi Kie| hLb wZwb jywaqvbvq Avmeb,
ZLb fxlY `ywf DcwZ ne| ZLb Avwg ejjvg, Cmv GLb Kv_vq?
wZwb ejjb Kvw`qvb| Avwg ejjvg, Kvw`qvb Zv jywaqvbv nZ gv
wZb vk `~i AewZ| mLvb Cmv Kv_vq?
(jywaqvbvi KvQ GKwU Mvg AvQ| Zvi bvgI Kvw`qvb)| GB K_vi wZwb
Kvb Di w`jb bv| Avwg GKUzI RvbZvg bv h, i`vmcyiI Kvw`qvb
bvg Mvg AvQ| Zvici Avwg ZvK ejjvg, Cmv AvjvBnm& mvjvg
Avjvni bex| ZvK AvKvk DVvb nqQ| wZwb Kvevi Ici AeZiY
Kieb| ZLb wZwb ejjb, Cmv Beb gixqg bex Djvn& Zv gZzeiY
(1) ZvhwKivZzj-gvn`x, cxi wmivRyj nK mvne bygvbx cYxZ|

118

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KiQb| GLb wZwb Avi Avmeb bv| Avwg fvjvfve MelYv KiwQ
wZwb gZy jvf KiQb| Avgiv ev`kvn& | wg_v ejev bv| AviI
ejjb, AvKvk jvi AwaevmxMY KviI KvQ c`eR Avmb bv|
wevcK wgqv Kixg eLk, jywaqvbv, GKevjM gnjv , 14B Ryb ,1891,
kwbevi|1
GB weewZ `vbi ci Kixg eLk& mvne ejjb, GKwU K_v ejv nqwb|
mB gRhye ZvK cwivi ejwQjb, GB Cmvi bvg, Mvjvg Avng`|
GB weewZi bxP cvq cvk Rb Ggb mvx `LZ KiQb, hviv Rvi
`vwei mv_ ejQb h, wgqv Kixg eLk GKRb mZev`x cyil Ges
bvgvh ivhv wbvi mv_ cvjb Kib|

Bhvjvq AvInvg cYqb I cKvk :

nhiZ AvK`vmi `vwe cgvYi Rb dZn& Bmjvg IZwhn-gvivg
bvg `ywU cyK AvMB cKvwkZ nqwQj| GLb 1891 mvji kl fvM
GhvjvG AvInvg- Gi gZ AKvU hywmb cyK `yB L cKvwkZ
njv| GB iZc~Y cyK wZwb gmxni gZz Ges Zvi `vwei Ggb
mewelq wevwiZ AvjvPbv Kijb h, mg Avuavi NyP Dj w`emi
D`q nj| Zvici gmxn (Av.) Gi RxweZ _vKv wekvm `vlmg~n weZ
AvjvPbv c~eK nhiZ gmxn AvjvBnm mvjvgi gZzi DcKvwiZv eYbv
cm wZwb Zvi ezMYK GK g~jevb Dc`k `vb KiQb h Zv
^Yvi wjwLZ nIqvi hvM | wZwb ejb :
n Avgvi ezMY, GLb Avgvi GKwU kl Dc`k evYx keY KiY|
AviI GKwU Mvcb Z ejwQ| Zv Dgfve iY ivLeb, wLvb`i
mv_ Avcbv`i h me ZK DcwZ nq, ZvZ cvk cwieZb Kib Ges
wLvb`i KvQ Zv cgvwYZ Kib h, evweKB gmxn Beb gixqg wPi
w`bi Rb gZzeiY KiQb| GB GKwU gv ZK weRq jvf Kij
Avcbviv wLvb agK aiv c _K gyQ djZ cvieb| Avcbv`i
g~jevb mgqI Acivci welqi `xN weZK b Kivi cqvRb bB| ay
gmxn Beb gixqgi gZzi Ici Rvi w`b Ges wLvb`iK kwkvjx
hywi viv wbweKvi Ki w`b| hLb Avcbviv gmxni gZ ew`i Af~
(1) Bhvjvq-AvInvg, wZxq L, 288 c:|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

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nIqv cgvY Kieb Ges wLvb`i `q Zv AwZ Ki w`eb, ZLb

Rvbeb h mw`b _K Lxag cw_ex _K we`vq MnY KiQ| wbwZ
Rvbeb h, h ch Zv`i Lv`vi gZ nBe bv Zvnv`i agI gwie
bv| Ab hveZxq ZK Zv`i mv_ AbvekK | Zv`i agi GKwU gv
Ges Zv GB h, GLb ch Cmv Beb gixqg AvKvk RxweZ Aevb
KiQb| GB wfw Pzigvi Kib| Zvici ZvwKq `Lyb, wLvb ag
cw_exZ Kv_vq? hnZz Lv`v ZvAvjv GB wfwK P~Y-weP~Y KiZ Ges
BDivc I Gwkqvq Zwn`i mwgiY cevwnZ KiZ Pvb, m Rb wZwb
AvgvK ciY KiQb Ges AvgvK weklfve Bjnvg viv cKvk
KiQb h, gmxn Beb gixqgi gZz nqQ| `v j , Zvi Bjnvg
GB :

A_vr Avjvni imyj gmxn Beb gixqg gZzeiY KiQb Ges Zvi iO
iwOb nq Avjvn ZvAvjvi Iqv`v Abyhvqx Zzwg GmQv| Avjvni Iqv`v
c~Y neB ne| Zzwg Avgvi m AvQ, Zzwg Dj mZi Ici cwZwZ|
Zzwg wVK c_ AvQ, mZi mnvqZvKvix|1 nvq hw` Avgv`i Djvgv
mvnevb GB ZwU `qg KiZ cviZb Ges GB wekvm -GB aggZ
cPvi Ki mnm mnm bq, j j Zwn` ^xKviKvixK wLvb gZev` I
wLvb drbv _K Dvi KiZb|
n gymjgvb RvwZ, Zvgiv KZ nZfvMv| Zvgv`i ga zk m drbv
Pyigvi Kivi Rb Avjvn-ZvAvjvi c _K h_vmgq GK AvavwZK
mbva AvMgb KiQb| wZwb Bmjvgi gv_v DuPz& Ges wLvb
gZev`jvi gv_v AebZ Kivi Rb Zvgv`i mvgb ivwk ivwk
gnvkwkvjx hyw& I cgvY cZ KiQb| wK Zvgv`i Djvgviv Zey
Zv`i R`i Ici Kvqg iqQb| Zviv gmxni ``xcgvb gZzi
NvlYv Kibwb Ges GBfve Zviv cKvivi wL c~Rvi mnvqZv Kib
Ges gymjgvb`i wLvb gZev`i MZ Vj djvi Dcj nvb| dvBbv wjjvn Iqv Bbv BjvBn ivRDb|
(1) Bhvjvq-AvInvg, c_g msiY 561-62 c:|

120

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n Lv`v, n nv`x, n c_ c`kK| Zywg gymjvgvb RvwZK vb `vI| Zviv

hb GLbI iv jvf Ki Ges wLvb`i mvnvh _K nvZ ayq Bmjvgi
mvnvhv_ `vqgvb nq| Avgxb, Avjvv Avwgb|
GLvb GK_v ejv AZvekK h, nhiZ AvK`vm Bhvjvq-AvInvg
KziAvb Kixgi wkwU AvqvZ w`q gmxni gZz cgvY Kib| GQvovI e
nvw`m Ges cej kvxq mg_b I hwKZvi gvag Zv cgvY KiQb|
Zvici, Bwj cyKvejx Ges BwZnvm _KI AbK cwivi cgvY
Dcvcb Ki mywbwZfve cgvwYZ KiQb h, gmxn Beb gixqg Ab
cZvw``i gZ GB bki RMZ Qo wbtm`n enkZ Mgb KiQb,
GZ m`n bB| wZwb GB Ro`n AvKvk Mgb Kibwb Ges
cZvMgbI Kieb bv| Avc gymjgvb`i Rb , Zviv GLbI mB
cyivZb c_iB AbymiY KiQ|
GB welq GB me Djvgv Zv`i cigv`Z gwjK Dcv`vb, hvi Ici wfw
vcb c~eK Zviv gmxn RxweZ _vKvi ma wbgvY KiwQjb, Zv `ywU k
gv wQjivdvI bhyj | G`i cKZ Z nhiZ AvK`vm h_vwewnZ
Dcvq ^Q wUKi gZ c`kb KiQb| GLb Djvgv`i mB KvwbK
ma f~wgvr nqQ|

ZvIqvdwd ki A_ m^ Pvj I GK nvRvi UvKv cyivi

NvlYv :
KziAvb Kixg Ges nvw`m mg~n ZvIqvddv, k wePvi eywmb cvYxi
Rb kZ kZ evi eiZ nqQ| Djvgviv IB me vb meB Gi A_
AvZv MnY Ges gZz A_B Kib| wK hLb GB k nhiZ gmxni
Rb eeZ nq, ZLb Gi A_ RxweZvevq Ro-`n AvKvk DwVq bqv
Kib| nhiZ AvK`vm GB k wbq Pz DbvPbKvix cig vbMf
MelYvmn Djvgv`i cwZhvwMZvg~jK Avnevb w`qQb :
hw` Kvb ew KziAvb Kixg _K, A_ev im~jyjvn mvjvjv AvjvBn
Iqvmvjvgi nvw`m _K, A_ev ki I Kvwm`v- cvPxb ev bexb Aviwe
c` ev M` _K cwZcb KiZ cvib h, Kv_vI ZvIqvdwd k
Lv`v ZvAvjvi wqv ^ic AvZv wewk cvYxi Rb eeZ nq Zv AvZvMnY (in Keh) Ges gyZz`vb eZxZ Ab Kvb A_I MnxZ nqQ A_vr
`n MnY A_I eeZ nqQ, Zv nj Avwg Avjvn Rvjv kvbyi w`emn

nvqvZ ZvBqev

121

mwZKvi agxq AxKvi KiwQ h, Ggb ewK Avgvi mwi wKQz Ask
weq Ki nvRvi UvKv bM` w`e Ges fwelZ Zvi nvw`m KziAvbi vb
^xKvi Ki wbe|1
Bhvjvq AvInvg wKZve nhiZ AvK`vm Djvgv`i h Pvj `b, Zv
1891 mvj wjwLZ nq| AvR GB Abyev` Avgiv 1961 mvji 18B gvP
KiwQ| (g~j cyK GB Qwj 22k g, 1959 mvj iwPZ nq) Ab
K_vq 70 eQi nj GB Pvj Kiv nq| Gch weki Kvb Avie ev
Abvie Avjg GB PvjwU MnYKi hyii wmvi wei GKwU
`vI DcwZ KiZ cvibwb| wK DjvgvMY ay GB fq nhiZ Cmv
AvjvBnm mvjvgi gZz ^xKvi Kib bv h, Zv ^xKvi Kij RbmgvR
nhiZ wghv mvnei gmxn gvID` (cwZkwZ gmxn) nIqvi `vwe mnRB
^xKvi Ki dje| GRb Zviv nhiZ gmxn RxweZ _vKvi IciB Rvi
w`Qb, hw`I nhiZ AvK`vm c` gmxni gZz `wjj mg~n cPvwiZ
nIqvi ci e LvZbvgv Djvgv, hviv iIkb -Lqvj nIqv ekZt AwZ
DPvbxq ej MY, IdvZ gmxn ^xKvi KiZ eva nqQb| wb
klv Djvgv`i KqKRbi bvg c` njv :
gjex Bbkv Avjvn Lvu gig mv`K, IZvbc, jvnvi; gjex
mvbvDjvn& AgZmix; gjbv Aveyj Kvjvg AvRv`; gjvbv Mvjvg
gyik` LwZe kvnx gmwR`, jvnvi: Avjvgv gynvv&` Av`y wgmix,; Avjvgv
mq` ikx` ihv wgmix; Avjvgv gvngy` wkjZzZ cdmi Rvgqv
Avhnvi, wgmi cfwZ|

Bhvjvq AvInvgi Abvb MelYv :

Bhvjvq AvInvg hyi `vvj Ges BqvRyR gvRyR m^I P~ov
mgvjvPbv KiQb| wZwb ejQb h, `vvj viv wLvb wdrbvK eySvq
Ges BqvRyR I gvRyR nj ivwkqv I BsiR| cwZkZ gvn`xi Kvb ^Z
AwZ _vKj nvw`mi kZg `yB wKZve eyLvix I gymwjg wbqB Zv
ewYZ nZ| `y&BRb k Bgvg -nhiZ gynv` BmgvCj eyLvix ingvZzjvn
AvjvBn Ges nhiZ Bgvg gymwjg ingvZzjvn AvjvBn Zv`i mnxnq
Bgvg gvn`x msv Kvb nvw`mB bv jLv cwiviic GUvB wb`k Ki
h, Zv`i KvQ Hme nvw`m mnxn wQj bv| Aek wZwb Beb gvRv Ges
(1) Bhvjvq AvInvg , bZzb msiY, 375 c:|

122

nvqvZ ZvBqev

nvKg ewYZ GB nvw`mK mnxn wbaviY KiQb h,

A_vr Cmv eZxZ Ab Kvb gvn`x neb bv|1

nhiZ gxi bvmi bvIqvei NvlYv :

jywaqvbvi gyevnvmvi AbZg wekl dj GB nqwQj h, AviI e m`vZv
ewi n`vqZ cvIqvi gZ nhiZ AvK`vmi ki gxi bvmi bvIqve
mvne Zvi m^ hveZxq Kz-aviYv cvlY cwiZvM Kib| nhiZ gmxn
gvID` `vwe KivZ gxi mvnei gb m`nvw^Z I boeo nq cowQj|
GLb wZwb GKwU NvlYvc viv Zvi c~e-KZKgi AbykvPbv cKvk
Kijb Ges fwelZi Rb ZIev Ki wjLjb :
AZ:ci, hw` Kvb ew Avgvi Kvb jLv ev eZv cKvk Ki Ges
Zvviv jvfevb nZ Pvq, Ze Avwg Avjvn ZvAvjvi KvQ gy _vKe| hw`
KLbI Avwg wghv mvnei Kzrmv Ki _vwK ev Kvb ezi KvQ Zvui m^
Abvq wKQy ej _vwK, Zvnj Avjvn ZvAvjvi hyi gv wfv KiwQ|2

nhiZ gjex Mvjvg bex mvne Lkvex (ivwh.) Gi eqAvZ MnY :

nhiZ gjex Mvjvg bex mvne Lvkvex GKRb gy&vKx I cinRMvi
ew nIqv QvovI GKRb eo Avjg wQjb| GB mgq wZwb jywaqvbv
AvMgb Kib| jywaqvbvi gyevnvmv ekZ: weivwaZv Zzg~j AvKvi aviY
KiwQj| jywaqvbvi Avjg mgvRi ZvoRvo `L wZwbI AwMzwj
nq cojb| wZwb GKRb fvj Iqvqh wQjb| Zvi Avng`xqvZ MnY
cm& nhiZ mvneRv`v cxi wmivRyj nK mvne bygvbx ivwh Avjv Avb
wjLQb :
hv nvK, jywaqvbv kni gjex Mvjvg bex mvnei Lye mvov cojv|
me Zvi vbi MfxiZv welq wbq PPv nZ jvMjv| gjex Mvjvg bex
mvneI nhiZ AvK`vmi weievw`Zvq wKQy evwK ivLjb bv| wZwb
cZK IqvR AvqvZ Ges nvw`mi ci nvw`m gmxn Avjvqnm mvjvg
m^ cvV KiZ jvMjb| Lv`vi Kz`iZi Rb Kzievb nB! nhiZ Dgi
ivwh Avjv Avb Avu-&nhiZ mvjvjv AvjvBn ImvjvgK nZv KiZ
(1) Bhvjvq AvInvg, eo mvBR, 375 c:|
(2) ZejxM wimvjZ, wZxq L, 8 c:|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

123

wMq wbRB cvY `vb Kib| AZ:ci wZwb Avjvni Rj wb`kb nq

cojb| wZwb dviK Avhg ev mZ wg_vi k cv_KKvix AvLvq
f~wlZ njb| Avjvni cig wcqRb (mv.) Zuvi m^ ejQb :
kqZvb Dgii Qvqv `kb cjvqb Ki| ^qs Avjv ZvAvjv ejQb,
ivwh Avjv Avbg I ivhy Avbyg&
Avjvn& Zvu`i cwZ m Ges Zuviv Avjvni cwZ m|
GKw`b NUbvg nhiZ AvK`vm h gnjvq evm KiwQjb gjex Mvjvg
bex mvne mvb IqvR Kib| nvRvi nvRvi ew mgeZ nqwQj| GB
Iqvh wZwb Zvi mg vbfvvi wb:kl Kib| kvZviv Zvui YMvwnZv
ekZ: abev` m~PK DP wbbv` KiwQjb| gvinvev mvjAvjv; awb
PZzw`K gyLwiZ KiwQj| gjex gynv` nvmvb, gjex mvn` xb, gjex
Ave`yj Avhxh, gjex gynv`, gjex Ave`yjvn Ges AviI `y Pvi Rb
gjexhviv evBii bvbv vb _K gjex Mvjvg Avjx mvnei vbi
myLvwZ, cwZfv I Lv`v-` hvMZv `kbi AvMn AvMgb Kib, mevB
DcwZ wQjb| KviY, Zv wekl IqvR wQj| Ici ewYZ awb Ges
wPrKvijv Avgv`i KYMvPi nwQj| Avgiv Pvi cuvPRb Mvcb
emwQjvg| Avgv`i KvbB kw wQj bv| nhiZ AvK`vm A`i gnj
wQjb Ges Bhvjvq AvInvg wKZve cYqb KiwQjb| gjex mvne
IqvR Ki Ges weivPiY cyivcywi Rvi w`q cvb KiwQjb| m
GK wecyj RbZv I gjex mvneMY wQjb| Gw`K nhiZ AvK`vm
AvjvBnm mvjvZz Iqvm mvjvg Atcyi _K ewnevU cyilvjq hvIqvi
Rb evwni nIqv gv gjex mvnei mv_ mvvr nj| nhiZ AvK`vm
AvjvBnm mvjvZz Iqvm mvjvg wbRB Avm mvjvgy AvjvBKzg ej
gymvdvnvi Rb nvZ cmvwiZ Kijb| gjex mvne IqvAvjvBKzgymmvjvg ej Kig`b Kijb| Lv`v Rvbb, GB gymvdvnvZ wK e`ywZK
kw wQj| GZ Kvb AvKlYxq kw wQj ! GZ Kgb AvavwZK AvKlY
wQj! Bqv`yjvn, Z_v Avjvni nvZ nvZ `qv gv gjex mvne Ggb
AvZnviv njb h, KvbB evK DPviY KiZ cvijb bv| mvRv nvZ
nvZ w`q nhiZ AvK`vm AvjvBnm mvjvZz Iqvm mvjvgi mv_ cyil
eVKLvbvq AvMgb Kijb Ges nhiZ AvK`vmi mvgb nvuUz cZ
`yRvby nq emjb| evBi gjex I IqvR kvZvMY Avvhvw^Z nq

124

nvqvZ ZvBqev

`uvwoq _vKjb Ges cii GBiKg evKvjvc Pjjv :

c_g : wgTv, GwK nj? gjex mvne Kgb wbeywZvi KvR Kijb|
wghv mvnei mv_ mv_ Pj Mjb|
wZxq Rb : wghv hv`yKi| Rvbv bvB, wK hv`y KiQ| mv_ hvIqv DwPZ
nqwb|
ZZxq Rb : gjex mvne bwZ ^xKvi KiQb| gxhvi gnv cfve| wZwb
cfvevw^Z nqQb|
PZz_ Rb : In, wghv mvne h, GZ eo `vwe KiQb| wghv k~b bq|
G&B `vwe wK hvi Zvi KvR?
cg Rb : gb nq, evcvi GB wghv abkvjx| gjexiv jvjmvcivqY I
jvfx nq _vKb| wghv Kvb jvjmv w`qQb|
AviI wKQy ew : gjex mvne Avjg, dvhj| wghvK ceva Ges
Dc`k `vb KiZ wMq wghvK eywSq ZIev Kwiq Avmeb| bwmnZ
Kivi Ges mvvrKvii Rb Ggb myhvM evi evi nq bv| GLb myhvM
NUQ| wghv mvneK ZIev Kwiq Qvoeb|
RbMY : gjex Ave nqQ| jvjmv viv ev vb viv, A_ev Ab Kvb
cKvi| wghv eoB PZzi I wevb ew| wZwb gjex`i KePi ga
bb|
gjexiv : (mg^i) gjex mvne wghvi Lei bqvi Rb wMqQb|
`Le mZB wghvi wK `kv nq| gjex wghvi Pq A wevb bb| jvfx
bb| DcvRbkxj| Lv`v Ges imyjK wPbb| vbx - dvhj| wghvK
bZ Ki Avmeb|
GZZxZ, hvi gyL hv Avmjv, Zv ejvewj KiZ jvMj| Gw`K Lv`vi
Ky`iZi wK jxjv I Awfcvq wQj! gjex Mvjvg mvne Mni Afi
wMq PzcPvc em _vKjb|
gjex mvne : nhiZ, Avcwb gmxni gZzi welq Kv_vq cqQb?
nhiZ AvK`vm : KziAvb kixd, nvw`m kixd Ges Djvgvq ivevbx`i
(Hkxvb cv Avjg`i) evK _K|
gjex mvne : Kvb AvqvZ KziAvb kixd gmxni gZz m^ _vKj
ejyb|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

125

nhiZ AvK`vm : wbb, GB Zv KziAvb kixd| GB ej wZwb KziAvb

kixdi `yB vb KvMRi wbkvb Ki gjex mvnei nvZ mgcY
Kijb| GKwU vb wQj myiv Avj Bgivb ZZxq cvivi ZZxqvsk|
wZxq vbwU wQj myivn& gvq`vi kl iKz, mg cviv| c_g vb wQj,
n Cmv wbqB Avwg ZvgvK gZz w`e wZxq vb wQj :
hLb Zywg AvgvK gZz w`j, Zzwg Zv`i cheK wQj| gjex mvne
Dfq vb Dfq AvqvZ `kb AevK njb| Zvici ejjb,
Zv`i cyivcywi cwZdj w`e evKI Zv KziAvb kixd AvQ| Gi A_ wK?
nhiZ AvK`vm : Avwg h me AvqvZ DcwZ KiwQ IB meB GK A_
Ges Avcwb h AvqvZ ck KiQb Zvi-B Ab A_| K_v nj, Gjvi
GK eve Ges Zvi Ab eve| GKUz wPv Kib| fveyb|
gjex mvne : `yB Pvi wgwbU gbvwbek Kievi ci ejjb: gv Kib|
AvgviB fyj| Avcwb hv ejQb, Zv mZ| KziAvb kixd Avcbvi mv_
AvQ|
nhiZ AvK`vm AvjvBnm mvjvg ejjb : KziAvb gRx` Avgvi m
AvQ| Avcwb Kvi m AvQb? gjex mvnei Kvbv Gm Mjv|
AkcvZ nZ jvMjv| Rvi Kvu`Z jvMjb| wbe`b Kijb: GB
Acivax, Yvn&MviI hyii m| AZ:ci gjex mvne KejB `b
KiwQjb Ges AZ Av`ei mv_ em _vKjb|
hLb `wi nZ jvMj, ZLb jvKiv dwiqv` i Kij Ges gjex
mvne Zv`i Kvb K_viB Reve w`jb bv| hLb AbKY nq Mjv,
ZLb Zviv AwaK wPrKvi i Kij| gjex mvne ej cvVvjb, Zvgiv
hvI, Avwg mZ `LwQ, mZ cqwQ| GLb Zvgv`i mv_ Avgvi wKQy
Kivi bB| hw` Zvgiv PvI, Ges Zvgv`i Cgvb mvjvgZ ivLvi BQv
_vK, Ze Avm, AbyZvc Ki| Lv`vi KvQ cwivi nI Ges GB
BgvgK MnY Ki| Avwg GB mZ Bgvg _K wKfve wewQb nZ cvwi?
Bwb Avjvni cwZkZ Ges Avu-nhiZ mvjvjv Av&jvBn Iqv mvjvgi
cwZkZ ew| ZuvK AvunhiZ mvjvjv AvjvBn Iqv mvjvg mvjvg

126

nvqvZ ZvBqev

cvwVqQb| mB nvw`mwU GB :
Zvgv`i ga h ew Cmv Beb gixqgi mvvZ jvf Ki, m hb
Avgvi c _K ZuvK mvjvg `q|
gjex mvne GB nvw`m cvVi ci nhiZ AvK`vmi cwZ gbvwbek
Kijb Ges Zvi mvgb GB nvw`m Avevi DP:^i cvV Ki wbe`b
Kijb : Avwg GLb Avu nhiZ mvjvjv AvjvBn Iqvmvjvgi Av`k
Abymvi Avu-nhiZ mvjvjv AvjvBn Iqvmvjvgi mvjvg RvbvwQ Ges
AvwgI Avgvi c _K mvjvg ciK h chvqi mvjvg ejQb I huvK
chvq ejv nqQ mvjvg ejwQ| nhiZ AvK`vm Avjvqnm mvjvg ZLb
GK cKvi AvhRbK K I-AvjvBKzgym mvjvg ejjb| `q Zv
keYi gZv cj bv! gjex mvne Ren Kiv gviMi gZ QUdU
KiZ jvMjb| ZLb nhiZ AvK`vmi Pnviv gyeviKI wfb ic aviY
Kij| Avwg Zv fvlvq eYbv KiZ cvwi bv| DcwZ kvZvMYiI GK
Avh myLgq Aev nj| AZ:ci, gjex mvne ejjb: AvDwjqv Kivg
Ges DZi DjvgvMYI mvjvg cvwVqQb Ges Guiv Acvq _K
Bnavg cwiZvM KiQb| AvR Avjvn& ZvAvjvi wjLb I cwZkwZ c~Y
nqQ| GB Mvjvg bex ZvK wKfve ZvM Kie? Bwb gmxn gvID`!
BwbB Bgvg gvn&`x gvID`| BwbB mB , BwbB mB| gykxq gmxn Beb
gixqg h_vmgq gZzjvf KiQb| wZwb gZzeiY KiQb| wZwb gZyeiY
KiQb| Kvb m`n bB, gZzeiY KiQb| wZwb Avi Avmeb bv|
whwb Avmvi wQjb, wZwb GmQb| Zvgiv Gmv| Avgvi gZ Zuvi gyeviK
K`g cwZZ nI, hb bvRvZ cvI| Avjvn ZvAvjv Zvgv`i cwZ m
Ges imyj Zvgv`i `L Avbw`Z nvb|
gjex mvnei GB evZv hLb `iRvi evBi cuQvjv , ZLb AcgvY
gjex gvjv, wewk jvK, mvaviY jvK, meviB gyL _K Kvdi,
Kvdi, KvdiDP Kjie kZ nj| ARm Mvwj elY nZ jvMj|
RbZv Qf nj& mevB fvj g` eKZ eKZ wewfb Mvwj w`q Pj Mj|
kvbv hvwQj wghv hv`yKi, Zvi Pi Mvjvg bex1
(1) ZvhwKivZzj gvn&`x nZ DwZ, nvqvZ -Avn&g` ZZxq L, 137-139 c:|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

127

w`jxi mdi, 1891 mvji 28 m^i :

1891 mvji 28 m^i wKQz wklmn hyi fviZeli K`xq kni w`jx
bMixZ hvv Kib| w`jx ZLb Bmjvgx wkv `xviI cavb K` wQj|
hyi bIqve jvnvii KzwVZ wMq Aevb Kib| Zvi Dk wQj w`jxZ
Zvi `vwei cPvi nj mgM fviZel Zvi cqMvg cuQve| gv^q
wZbwU BkZnvi w`jxi Djvgv`i bvg, wekl Ki gjex mq` bvwRi
mvqb mvnei bvg cKvk Kib whwb kLyj Kzj ej AwfwnZ
nZb| mg myax gymjgvb I fwfvRb Djvgv`i Dk GK webxZ
cevmxi wbe`b wkivbvg hyi 1891 mvji 2 Avei, c_g BkZnvi
cKvk Kib| GB BkZnvi nhiZ AvK`vm Zvi AvKvq` (ag wekvm)
eYbvi ci gjex mq` bvwRi mvqb mvne Ges gjex Avey gynv`
Ave`yj nK mvneK gmxni Rxeb I gZz mK gyevnvmvi Rb Avnvb
Kib Ges Zv`i wjLjb, GB gyevnvmvi Rb wZbwU kZ cvjb KiZ
ne :
(1) kvw ivi eev Zuviv Kieb| A_vr, GKRb BsiR Awdmvi
evnvmi mfvq DcwZ _vKeb|
(2) GB evnvm wjwLZfve ne| ck I Di evnvmi mfvq wjLZ ne|
(3) evnvm gmxni gZz I Rxeb m^ ne Ges KziAvb I nvw`mi
evBi KD hZ cvie bv|
Zvici AvK`vm GUvI wjLwQjb, h, wZwb njdc~eK ^xKvi KiQb hw`
evnvm Zvui v ej cgvwYZ nq, Ze wZwb Zuvi (gmxn, gvID` nIqvi)
`vwe wbRB cwiZvM Kieb Ges GB Bk&Znvi cKvwkZ nIqvi ci GK
mvn ch DwjwLZ gjex mvne`i h_v Dii Rb Acv Kieb|
GB Bk&Znvi cPvwiZ nIqvi ci gjex Avey gynv` Ave`yj nK nhiZ
AvK`vmi L`gZ DcwZ nq gv Pq ejjb, Avwg GKRb Mvlvbkxb wbfZPvix ew| GB aibi mfvq DcwZ nZ Avwg A^weva
Kwi| gjex gynv` mvqb mvneI ZLb w`jxZ cuQwQjb| wZwb
nhiZi BkZnvii wei GKwU Bk&Znvi cKvk Kijb Ges nhiZ
AvK`vm m^ wjLjb :
G Zv Avgvi wkKvi| `yfvMg Avevi w`jxZ Avgvi nvZ coQ|
Avwg fvMevb| cjvZK wkKvi Avwg Avevi cv njvg|

128

nvqvZ ZvBqev

wZwb LyeB DRbvi ew D`&MxiY Kijb| GRb nhiZ AvK`vm 1891

mvji 6B Avei Avevi GKwU BkZnvi cKvk Kijb| Gi wkivbvg
wQj Avnj-nvw`m mc`vqi cavb bZv gjex mq` bwhi mvqb
mvnei gvKvejvq BkZnvi| nhiZ AvK`vm GB BkZnvi gjex
mq` bwhi mvqb mvne Ges mq` gynv` mvqb mvne evUvjex
EfqKB m^vab Ki wjLjb :
hw` GB `yRb gjex mvne nhiZ gmxn Beb gixqgK RxweZ ejv
mZi mg_b gb Ki _vKb, Zvnj Avgvi m_ 1891 mvji 2
Aveii BkZnvi ewYZ kZvejx Abyhvqx hy-mwZg evnvm
Kib|
eis Pig wggvsmv_ kZ wkw_jc~eK GUvI wjLjb, gjex mq` bvwhi
mb mvne Kvb BsiR AwdmviK evnvmi mfvj wbhy Kivbvi
evcvi hw` Amg_ nb, Zvnj GB Aevq BkZnvi viv njdc~eK wZwb
^xKvi Kib h wZwb wbRB kvw ivi Rb `vqx _vwKeb Ges hw`
mfvj DcwZ RbMYi ga KD mfZv I fvlvi kxjZv wei Kvb
K_v DPviY Ki, Ze wZwb ZvK ZrYvr mfv _K ei Ki w`eb|
Ggb AevqI gjex mvnei gmwR` evnvmi Rb Avgiv DcwZ
nZ cvwi|
GB wZxq BkZnvi cKvwkZ nIqvi ci gjex mq` bvwhi mvqb
mvnei mvMwi`iv wbR wbRB GKUv ZvwiL avh Ki GB BkZnvi
cPvi Kij h, AgyK ZvwiL wghv mvnei mv_ evnvm ne| wK nhiZ
AvK`vmi mv_ h_vmgqi AvM KvbB wggvsmv bv Ki wVK Rjmvi
mgq nhiZ AvK`vmi KvQ GK ewK cvVvj| m Gm ejj,
evnvmi Rb Pjyb| gjex bvwRi mvqb mvne gyevnvmvi Rb Avcbvi
Acv KiQb| Aci w`K GKwU DwRZ RbZv nhiZ AvK`vmi Mn
Aeiva Kij| nhiZ AvK`vm cZ nIqv mI ei nZ cvijb bv|
GZ RbmgvR NvlYv Kiv nj h, wghv mvne kLyj-KzjK fq
cqQb|
GZ nhiZ AvK`vm 1891 mvji 17B Avei GKwU ZZxq BkZnvi
cKvk Kijb| Gi wkivbvg wjwLZ nqwQj, Avjvn& Rvjv kvbyi Kmg
w`q gjex mq` bvwhi mvqb mvnei L`gZ gmxn Beb gixqgi
Rxeb I gZz mK evnvmi Ave`b| GB BkZnvi h mfvq wZwb

nvqvZ ZvBqev

129

hZ cvibwb, m cm wjLjb :
GK cxq mfvq hvM`vb Kiv hw`I Avgvi KZe wQj bv, KviY Avgvi
mwZg IB mfv wi Kiv nqwb Ges Avgvi c _K Kvb wbw`
ZvwiL DcwZ nIqvi Kvb AxKviI wQj bv, Z_vwc Avwg DcwZ
nIqvi Rb cZ nB| wK RbmvaviYi AZwKZ `y AvgY viv IB
w`b AvgvK mfvq hvM`vb Kivi c_ cwZeKZv mw Kiv nqwQjv|
kZ kZ ew GK_vi mvx AvQb h, mB mfvq wbavwiZ mgq `y
jvKi GK w RbZv Avgvi Mni Pvwiw`K wfo KiwQj| Avwg Zv`i
wnsm Aev `L Ici Zjvi A`i gnj Pj Mjvg| Zviv m w`KI
Mj Ges Mni KcvU f djvi Pv Kijv| Ggb wK, Kvb Kvb
ew A`i gnj cek Kijv| GK weivU RbZv wbPi MwjZ `vuwoq
iBj| Zviv MvjvMvwj KiwQj| fxlY DRbvi ek Zviv bvsiv fvlvi
welv`wMiY KiwQj| eo gykwKji mv_ Lv`v ZvAvjvi AbyMn I Kcvq
Zv`i nvZ _K gyw cvB| AZ:ci hyi ejb :
myZivs, GKw`K RbmvaviYK v Ki, Zv`iK DRbvgq eZv
wbq Avgvi evwoi PZzw`K NivI Kivbv nq| Ab w`K, AvgvK
evnvmi Rb WvKv nq Ges ewYZ evavi KviY Avwg hZ bv cvivq kvi
Kiv nj h, Avwg cvwjqwQ|
GLb Avwg Avjvn ZvAvjvi Kcvq Avgvi ndvRZi eev KiwQ Ges
evnvmi Rb cZ| mdii K ^xKvi Ges w`jxevmxi cvZwnK
MvwjMvjvR, Dcnvm I we`c mnc~eK ay Avcbvi mv_ evnvm Kivi Rb,
n kLyj-Kzj mvne, Avwg Dcwe AvwQ| nhiZ evnvmi Rb Avmyb|
Avwg evnvmi Rb cZ| Avevi, AvcbvK Avjvn& Rvjv kvbyi Kmg w`q
evnvmi Rb Avnevb KiwQ| Avcwb hLvb Pvb, DcwZ ne| wK evnvm
wjwLZfve ne|

Aekl, hyi GUvI wjLjb :

hw` Avcwb Kvb cKviB evnvm KiZ bv Pvb Ze GKwU mfvq gmxni
gZz m^ Avgvi mKj hyw b wZbevi Avjvn Rvjv kvbyi kc_ Ki
ej w`b h, GB me `wjj wVK bq Ges mwVK I mywbwZ welq GUvB h,
nhiZ gmxn Beb gixqg RxweZ Aevq fwZK `nmn AvKvki w`K
DvwjZ nqQb-KziAvbi AvqvZ jvi Dw I imyj (mv.) _K
wbtm`n cv gidz mnxn nvw`mjv _K Gi cwivi mv cvIqv hvq

130

nvqvZ ZvBqev

Ges GUvB Avcbvi ag-wekvm eU, Ze Avwg Avcbvi GB JZ, mZ

Mvcb, AmZZv I wg_v mvi wggvsmvi Rb Avjvn ZvAvjvi
hyi mKvZi Kuv`ev| Avgvi avbi dj AvgvK Av`k `qv nqQ,
(Avgvi KvQ `vqv Ki, Avwg Keyj Kiev,) Ges
AvgvK wbwZfve cZq Kivb nqQ h Avcwb hw` ZvKIqvi c_
cwiZvM Ki GB cKvi AbvqvPiY I AvqvZ
(h welq Zvgvi vb bvB, Zvi AbyewZZv Ki bv) Dcv Kib, Zv
nj GK eQii ga AbvqvPiYi dj Avcbvi Ici Ggb ``xcgvb
cwZwqv c`wkZ ne h, Ab`i Rb Zv wb`kb ^ic ne| myZivs
NvlYv KiwQ, evnvm KiZ civyL nj GfveB wggvsmv Kib, hvZ IB
me ew hviv wb`kb wb`kb ej eovq Zv`iK Lv`v ZvAvjv
wb`kb `Lvb|
(Ges wZwb mekwgvb Ges Avgv`i kl cv_bv wek cwZcvjK AvjvniB
hveZxq cksmv)|

KziAvb I nvw`m _K Cmv gmxni RxweZ _vKv cgvYi Rb

cyivi NvlYv :
GB BkZnvi GUvI jLv nqwQj :
Aekl, gjex mq` bvwhi mvqb mvnei KvQ GUvI cKvk _vK
h, hw` wZwb nhiZ gmxn Beb gixqg Ro `ni mv_ RxweZ AvKvk
DvwjZ nIqvi m^ Zvi AvwK`vi mg_b AKvU cgvY, AvqvZ
Ges gidz, gyvmvj, mnxn, nvw`m gyevnvmvi mfvq DcwZ Kib
Ges Kvb welqK AvwK`v (ag-wekvm) wbaviYi Rb hgb AZvekK
Zgwb gmxn Beb gixqgi `wnK cybivMgb m^ wbwZ I AKvU
cgvY cKvk mfvq Zvi cwe gyL eYbv Kib, Zv nj Avwg Avjvn Rvjv
kvbyi Kmg Ki agxq AxKvi KiwQ h, cZK AvqvZ I cZK
nvw`mi Rb ZvK cuwPk UvKv Ki bRivbv w`e|1

1891 mvji 20 Aveii gyevnvmv mfvi msw KvhweeiYx :

hw`I nhiZ AvK`vm DwjwLZ BkZnvijv viv G welqi Ici kl
mxgvbvi Rvi w`qwQjb gjex bvwhi mvqb mvne Zvi mv_ nhiZ
(1) 1891 mvji 17B Aveii Bk&Znvi nZ DZ|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

131

gmxn AvjvBnm mvjvgi Rxeb I gZz m^ wjwLZfve gyevnvmv Kib

Ges w`jxi AwaevmxMYI HKvwKfve GB AvMnB cvlY KiwQjb, Zey
gjex mq` bvwhi mvqb mvne gmxni Rxeb I gZzi `wjj eYbv
Kij gjex mvne njdc~eK NvlYv Kieb GB me hyw cgvY (ev
`wjj) KziAvb Kixgi AvqvZ I mnxn nvw`m jvi w`K _K wVK bq|
ZLb nhiZ AvK`vm GKwU c nhiZ gybwk mvne Kcyi_jex Ges nhiZ
Luv gynv` Lvu mvne Kcyi_jexK w`q gjex mq` bvwhi mvqb
mvnei KvQ ciY Kib| G mK nhiZ gybwk Rvdi Avng` ejb :
GB c hyi wjLQb, AvMvgxKvj wZwb Rvg gmwR` DcwZ neb|
hw` gjex mvne bv Avmb, Ze Lv`vi jvbr ne| hLb Avwg GB c
wbq cuQvjvg, ZLb gjex mq` bvwhi mvqb mvne ejjb, Avcbviv
evBi wMq gjex gynv` mvqb evUvjexi KvQ emyb| wPwVUv ZvK
w`b! Avwg AvmwQ| gjex gynv` mvqb wPwVwU Lyjjb| Zvici, gjex
mq` bvwhi mvqb mvneI Avmjb| wZwb gjex gynv` mvqbK
wRvmv Kijb wPwVZ wK jLv AvQ? gjex gynv` mvqb ejjb,
Avwg bvZ cviev bv& AvcbvK AbK Mvwj `qv nqQ| ZLb w`jxi
GK mv ewI mLvb DcwZ wQjb| wZwb ejjb, c Zv Kvb
Mvwj bvB| gjex mq` bvwhi mvqb mvne ZvuK ejjb, AvcwbI wK
wghvqx nqQb? wZwb Pzc iBjb| Avwg gjex mq` bvwhi mvqb
mvneK ejjvg, Di hv `qvi `b| gjex gynv` mvqb ejjb,
Avgiv Kvb Di `e bv| Zvgiv Pj hvI| Zvgiv cevnK gv|
Zvgiv c cuwQq w`qQv| Avwg ejjvg, Avwg Di wbq hvev|
Zvici, jvKiv ejj, hvb `v| eZ:, Zviv Kvb Di `bwb| Avgiv
wdi Gm mg evcvi nhiZ AvK`vmi KvQ e Kijvg| ciw`b
Avgiv mevB Rvg gmwR` Mjvg| nhiZ mvnei m Avgiv eviRb1
wQjvg| Avgiv wMq Rvg gmwR`i fZi gaeZx `iRvq emjvg|2
(1) Zv`i KqK Rbi bvg GB:
1) gynv` Lvu mvne, 2) kL ingZzjvn mvne, 3) gybwk Avivov Lvb mvne, 4)
nvdR nvg` Avjx mvne, 5) gjex Ave`yj Kwig mvne, 6) gynv` mvwq`
mvne (Bwb gxi bvmi bvIqve mnei vZzy wQjb, 7) gybwk Rvdi Avng`
mne, GB iIqvZ eYbvKvix| eYbvKvix ejb h, gb co 8) mq` Avgxi
Avjx mvne Ges 9) mq` LvwmqZ Avjx mvne wkqvjKvwUI wQjb|
(2) Avm&nve- Avn&g`, PZz_ L, 128-129c :|

132

nvqvZ ZvBqev

cieZx NUbv nhiZ cxi wmivRyj nK mvne bygvbxi gyL byb :

BwZga gjex bvwhi mvqb mvne Ges Zvui mv_ gynv` nvmb
Ges gjex Avyj gRx` mvne cgyL DjvgvMY DcwZ njb Ges gjex
mq` bvwhi mvqb mvneK GKwU c_K `vjvb wbq emvjb| nhiZ
mvnei myL Avbv nj bv| Zvici, Avmii bvgvh nj| DcwZ ewiv
PvBjb Avgiv bvgvh hvM`vb Kwi| KD ejjv, Avmyb, bvgvh cob|
gjex Ave`yj Kixg mvne ejjb Avgiv bvgvh Rgv cvV (GK cvV)
Ki GmwQ| bvgvh kl nIqv gv gjexiv gjex mq` bvwhi
mvqbK NivI Ki Avevi `vjvbi Di w`Ki `iRvi KvQ wbq
emvjb| gjex Ave`yj gRx`I KqKRb gjex Gm cywjk Awdmvii
mv_ K_v ejZ jvMjb| Gw`K (gybwk) Mvjvg Kv`i (mvne dmxn&)
AbK mIqvj Reve Kijb Ges hv ejv cqvRb wQj ejjb| gjex
Ave`yj gRx` mvne cywjk AwdmviK ejjb, GB ew cwZkZ gmxn
nIqvi `vwe Ki| Avgiv I Avcbviv fyj c_ AvwQ ej gb Ki| nhiZ
gmxn Beb gixqgK Avgiv I Avcbviv DfqB AvKvk RxweZ AvQ ej
wekvm Kwi| G gb Ki wZwb gZ ew`i ga GKRb gv| ej h,
gmxni Rxeb I gZzi welq wbq gjex bvhxi mvqb mvne Avjvc
Kib| Avgiv ewj, aygv Zvui gmxn gvID` nIqvi `vwe m^ weZK
nvK| Mvjvg Kv`i mvne dwmn& AbK K_vi ga cywjk AwdmviK
ejjb, `Lyb, hyi! c` Lvwj bv nIqv ch KD IB c`i cvwi hvM
nZ cvi bv| c_g gmxni Rxeb I gZzi m^ K_veZv nvK| ci
Zvi gmxn nIqv m^ AvjvPbv ne| GLb Zv Giv gmxnK RxweZ gb
Kib| hw` gmxn RxweZ _vKv cgvwYZ nq, Ze Zvui gmxn gvID` `vwe
m^ K_vevZv ejv wbcqvRb| GB `vwe Avcbv AvcwbB c nq hve|
hw` gmxni gZz nqQ ej cgvwYZ nq, Ze Zvi gmxn gvID`
(cwZkZ gmxn) nIqv wbq AvjvPbv Kiv Riwi nZ cvi| cywjk
Awdmvi ejjb, wbqB, GUv wVK K_v| Zvgiv Kb GB welq weZK
Ki bv? mB Awdmvi Zv GB welqi Dci Rvi w`jb| Zvici, Kmg
m^ AvjvPbv nj| Zviv GB evcviI A^xKwZ Rvbvjb| Ges ejjb,
gjex mvne e nqQb| `yej| AbK eqm nqQ| AvgivI Kmg
Kie bv Ges gjex mvneK I Kmg Kievi Rb AMmi nZ `e bv|1
(1) ZvhwKivZzj-gvn&`x 348-350 c:|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

133

hyi ejb, GB mfvq NUbvg AvjxMoi AeZwbK gvwRU LvRv

gynv` BDmyd mvneI DcwZ wQjb| wZwb cwZci Ah_v IRi
Avcw b AvgvK ejjb, GwK mZ K_v h, Avcwb Avnj mybvr-Iqvj
RvgvAvZi ag gZi weivPiY Ki jvqjvZzj-K`i, gyRhv
gvjvqKv Ges givR cfw Z A^xKvi Kib Ges beyIZi `vwe Kib?
Avwg ejjvg :
Gme K_vB Avgvi Ici wg_v Avivc gv| Gme welqB Avwg cZq
ivwL| Gme ewiv Avgvi wKZvejv Dk eySZ cviwb Ges fyj
eySvi dj AvgvK Avn&j-mybZi AvKvq` A^xKviKvix ej gb Ki|
hLb wZwb ejjb, AvQv, cKZB hw` GB evcvi, Ze AvgvK GKwU
KvMR Zv wjL w`b| Avwg Zv mycvwib&Ub&W Ae& cywjk Ges Rb
mvaviYK cvV Ki bve Ges Gi GK Kwc AvjxMoI wbq hve Avwg|
ZLb wevwiZfve Gm^ GKwU KvMR wjL w`jvg| bvU ^ic Zv wbg
c` nj|2 LvRv mvne Zv Av`vcv wmwU cywjk mycvwib&Ub&W
mvneK DP K cvV Ki bvjb Ges wbKU h mg MYgvb ewiv
wQjb, ZuvivI bZ cjb|
AZ:ci LvRv gynv` BDmyd mvne GK_vi Ici Rvi w`jb h
cKZc GBme ag-wekvm Kvb gZweiva bB| Dfq cB Gjv
^xKvi Kib| myZivs Gjv m^ evnvmi KvbB cqvRb bB|
Dfqc h welq gZ-weiva Kib, ZvB ay ZKi welq| A_vr gwmni
RxweZ _vKv ev gZy nIqvi wggvsmv nj mg MvjhvM PyK hvq|
gwmni RxweZ _vKv cgvwYZ nj cwZkZ gmxn& nIqvi `vexI Avcbv
AvcwbB jvc cvq| evi evi GB Aagi bvg wbq GUvI ejjb,wZwb
wbRB AxKvi KiQb h, KziAvb I nvw`mi hyw viv gmxn
RxweZ _vKv cgvwYZ nj wZwb gmxn gvID` nIqvi `vwe ZvM Kieb|

nhiZ AvK`vm Aviv wjLQb :

hw`I LvRv mvne G welqi Ici Rvi w`Z jvMjb h, cwZc R`,
nhiZ AvK`vmi wjwLZ weewZ :
wem&wgjvwni ivngvwbi ivwng-bvngv`y Iqv bymvwj Avjv imywjwnj Kvwig| cKvk
_vK h, gZvbKi welq, hvi m^ Avwg evnvm KiZ PvB Zv ay GBUzKz h,
gmxn& Be&b gwiqg AvjvBn&m mvjvg RxweZ mkixi AvKvk DvwjZ nIqvi
(Pjgvb)
`vwe Avgvi gZ cgvwYZ K_v bq|

134

nvqvZ ZvBqev

nVKvwiZv I GKPvLvwg Qo gmxni gZz mwKZ welq wbq evnvm

Kib, wK Zvi mKj hveZxq cPv e_ nj| evnvmi w`K Avmv kLyj
Kzj mvnei Rb gZzer wQj| wZwb Zv cwivi A^xKvi Kijb|
DcwZ kvZv`i gb f Mj| Avwg bwQ, GK ew Mfxi `y:Li
mv_ ejwQjb h, AvR kLyj Kyj w`jxi mvb web Kijb| w`jx
evmxi gK jvq a~jvq jywZ nj| KD KD ejwQjb, Zv`i GB
gjex mZi c _vKj wbqB evnvm KiZb|

nhiZ gybwk Rvdi Avn&g` mvne Kcyi_jvwbevwm :

Gw`K GB me K_vevZv PjwQj| Aciw`K RbZvi Amvl I wevf
eoB PjQ| BwZga BsiR cywjk Kvb nhiZ AvK`vmK wRvmv
Kijb, Avcbvi GLvb Avmvi Dk wK? kL ivn&gZzjvn mvne ZvK
BsiwRZ Di Kijb h, nhiZ AvK`vm wghv mvne gmxni gZzi
cgvY eYbv Kieb Ges gjex bvwhi mvqb mvne njdc~eK ejeb
KziAvb I nvw`mi Dw jvi ga cgvYKvix I AKvU hyw mb
Kvb GKwU AvqvZI bB Ges mnxn,gyvmvj& I gidz Kvb GKwU nvw`mI
cvIqv hvq bv, hv viv gmxn& AvjvBnm& mvjvgi RxweZ _vKv cgvwbZ nq| eis
vb vb KziAvb Kixgi AvqvZ mg~n Ges mnxn, gyidz, gyvmvj
Avnvw`m _K Zvui gZzB cwZcvw`Z nq| Avwg GLvb mwZKvi
kixqZvbygvw`Z GKivi KiwQ h, hw` nhiZ gjex mq` bvwhi mvqb
mvne gmxn& AvjvBnm& mvjvgi RxweZ _vKv gxgvsmK I AKvU hyw
c`vqK AvqvZ Ges mnxn&, gidz gyvmvj nvw`m viv cgvwYZ Kib, Ze Avwg
cwZkZ gmxn& nIqvi Aci `vwe wbRB cwiZvM Kie Ges gjex mvnei mvgb
ZIev Kie| eis GB msv Avgvi wKZvejv ` Kie| Avgvi wei Aci h
me AwfhvM Kiv nq h, GB ewjvBjvZyj K`i A^xKvi Ki, gvRhv mg~n
^xKvi Ki bv Ges beyIZi `vwe Ki I LvZ&g beyIZ A^xKvi Ki GB mgB wg_v
Acev` I Qjbv gv| GB me welq Avgvi ag-gZ ZvB, hv Ab Avn&j mybZ Iqvj
RgvZi aggZ, Avgvi wKZve Zwhn givg I Bhvjvq AvInvg _K h me
Avcw Dvcb Kiv nQ, IB wQ`v^lYjv m~Y vwg~jK| GLb Avwg wbgwjwLZ
welqjv gymjgvb`i mvgb cwivifve GB Lv`vi MngmwR` ^xKvi KiwQ h
Avwg Rbve LvZvgyj& Avw^qv mvjvjv AvjvBn Iqvmvjvgi LZg-beyIZ wekvm Kwi,
Ges h ew LZg-beyIqvZ A^xKvi Ki, ZvK exb, Ges Bmjvgi Mxi
ewnf~Z ej vb Kwi| m fveB Avwg gvjvqKv (dikZvn), gyRhv (AjwKK
wqv) mg~n Ges jvBjvZzj& K`i cfwZ welqI gvwb|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

135

Zvi KvQ GLbI gmxn AvjvBnm mvjvg AvKvk RxweZ _vKvi cgvY
AvQ| AZ:ci wZwb gjex bvwhi mvqb mvnei KvQ wMq ZvK
wRvmv Kijb, wZwb wK IB cKvi njd KiZ cZ AvQb? ZLb wZwb
ejjb h, wZwb Kvb cKvii njd Kieb bv| cywjkmycvi Gm nhiZ
AvK`vmK ejjb : wZwb Avcbvi hy&w, cgvY I `wjj b njd KiZ
cZ bb| GRb Avcbvi Pj hvIqv DwPZ| nhiZ AvK`vm Zv b
hvIqvi Rb DV `uvovjb| Avwg (A_vr, gybwk Rvdi Avn&g` Kcyi_jex)
hyii nvZ ai wbe`b Kijvg, hyi GLb GKUz Acv Kib| Avwg
kL ingZzjvn mvneK ejjvg, Avcwb cywjki mycvi mvneK ejyb,
cwZc c_g ei nvK| Avgiv ci hve| AZ:ci, cywjk mycvi mvne
Zv`iK hvIqvi Rb ZvwM` w`jb| Zviv R` aijb h c_g Avgv`i
hZ ne| hv nvK, GB evcvi wbq wKQy K_vevZv Pjj| AZ:ci mycvi
mvne Dfq cKB GK m hvIqvi Rb ejjb| hv nvK, GB cKvi
Avgiv DVjvg| Avgiv evi Rb nhiZ mvnei PZzvk PvKvi
`uvovjvg| Avgv`i Pvicvk cywjk PvKvi `vuovj| Avgiv hLb `iRv
_K ei njvg, ZLb w`jxevmxiv Avgiv h MvwoZ GmwQjvg, mwUK
Kv_vI mwiq wbqQ| cywjk mycvi AbK K Ki Avgv`iK GKwU
NvoviMvwoZ DwVq w`jb| KvPIqvbi evi Ici cywjk Bci,
`ywU cv`vwbZ `yRb mve-Bci Ges wmcvnxMY wcQb GKwU MvwoZ
wQjb| Mvwoi wfZi nhiZ AvK`vm, Lvu gynv` Lvu mvne, gybwk Avivov
Lvb mvne Ges nvdR nvg` Avjx wQjb| GB LvKmviI wQjvg|
Avgv`i Mvwoi Ici cv_i wbw nwQj| gjex Ave`yj Kixg mvne
Avgv`i iIbv nIqvi mgq wcQb iq hvIqvq gynv` Lvu mvne Mvwo
_K jvd w`q ei nq cojb| gjex mvnei Pvicvk h mg
jvK wfo KiwQj, Zviv gynv` Lvu mvneK `L mi coj Ges gynv`
Lvu mvne gjex mvneK wbq MvwoZ wdi Avmjb|1

w`jxi Djvgv`i Kzdix dZvqvi AaviY Ges DRbv mw :

w`jxi Djvgv`i m DRbvq knii v I e`gvk cKwZi jvKiv
Ggb DwRZ nj h, Zv`i kZ kZ jvK GKwZ nq nhiZ
AvK`vmi evwo AvgY Kij| A:cyii `iRv cvq f hvIqvi
(1) Avmnve-Avng` 129-130 c: (mvi msKwjZ)|

136

nvqvZ ZvBqev

Dcg njv| wK nhiZ AvK`vmi wek gywi`MY h_vmgq evav `qvq

Zviv wKQy KiZ cvijv bv| knii AwjMwjZ GK cKvi wkvPvi ewRZ
kviMvj PjZ jvMj| Akxj I KyiwPc~Y e BkZnvi, e_v Avvjb
Ges wbRjv wg_vi ej cPvi nZ jvMj| Djvgv`i c _K nhiZ
AvK`vmi wei Kzdii dZvqv w`jxi evRvi Ges c_NvU cPzi
weZiY Kiv nj|

gjex gynv` ekxi mvne fycvjexi mv_ gyevnvmv 1891

mvji 23 Avei :
gjex mq` bvwhi mvqb mvne `vn&jex nhiZ AvK`vmi gvKvejvq
DcwZ nq h fxlYfve civwRZ nqwQjb, Zv w`jxevmxiv gg gg
Dcjw KiwQj| weklZ: Avnj-nvw`m mc`vq Pv KiZ jvMj,
hfve nvK gmxni Rxeb ev gZzi welq wbq wghv mvnei mv_ evnvm
KiZ ne| GB Dk Uzcxi eemvqx AvjxRvbIqvjvMY gjex gynv`
ekxi mvne fycvjxK gbvbxZ Kib| cKZc gjex ekxi mvne
e`vqyb Rjv mvn& mvIqvbi evwm`v wQjb Ges beve wmwK nvmvb Lvu
mvnei Djvgv cwil` PvKwi Dcj fycvj Aevb KiZb| mLvb
nhiZ mq` gynv` Avnmvb mvne AvginxI PvKwi KiZb| G `yRbi
ga Mfxi ezZ wQj| nhiZ AvK`vm gmxn gvID` `vwe Kij Zviv `yB
Rb wgwjZ nq cii gZwewbgq KiZb| nhiZ gjex mq` gynv`
Avnmvb mvne `vwei mg_bg~jK w`K MnY KiZb Ges gjex gynv`
ekxi mvne Riv KiZb| Aekl DfqB Gwelq GKgZ njb h,
nhiZ AvK`vmi `vwe mZ| GZ gjex gynv` Avnmvb mvne Avginx
mvnmx nq nhiZ AvK`vmi eqvZ MnY Kijb| PvKwi kl nIqvq wZwb
fycvj _K w`jx AvMgb Kib| GLvb Avnj-nvw`m m`vqi BgvgwZ
jvf Kib| `y:Li welq, G BgvgwZ Zvi c mZ Hkx-wmjwmjvq `vwLj
nIqvi c_ cwZeK nj| Zvi c _K gvevnvmvi Av`vjb Kiv nj
nhiZ AvK`vm Zv mvb` MnY Kijb| gjex gynv` ekxi mvnei GB
cKvi AMmi nIqv evweK AbK kvi welq wQj| wZwb gjex gynv`
mvqb mvne evUvjex Ges gjex mq` bvwhi mvqb `vnjex mvnei
bxwZ Qo gmxni Rxeb I gZz msv g~j welq m^ evnvm Kiv gyi
Kijb Ges hw`I wZwb byb mKxjvi evnvmB nveyWyey LvwQjb, Zey
mZv^lx`i Rb wPvi LvivK w`jb|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

137

GB gyevnvmv 1811 mvji 23 Avei, Rygvi bvgvRi ci i nq| wZbwU

ce gjex gynv` ekxi mvne wjLwQjb Ges wZbwU ce nhiZ
AvK`vmI wjLwQjb| Dfq ci cejv gyevnvmv Avj-n `vnjx
bvg cKvwkZ nq| GB KZve gmxni RxebgZz msv mgmvi
mgvavb MelYvi Rb c_c`kKi KvR KiZ cvi|

gjex gynv` ekxi mvneK nhiZ AvK`vmi m^vab :

nhiZ cxi wmivRyj nK mvne bygvbx ivwh Avjv Avb ejb h, gjex
gynv` ekxi mvne Zvu`i ez`i wbq hLb gyevnvmv Kievi Dk
nhiZ AvK`vmi evmvb cuQ hyii mvgb emb, ZLb nhiZ
AvK`vm AvjvBnm mvjvg gjex mvne I Zvui mv_x`i m^vab Ki
ejb :
gjex mvne, Avwg Avjvn ZvAvjvi w`emn ejwQ, Avgvi gmxn gvID`
nIqvi `vwe mZ, hgb Ab bex`i beyIqvZ I imvjZi `vwe mZ
wQj| GB `vwei wfw GB h, KqK gvmevcx Avwg evievi Inx cZ
jvMjvg, Avjvni imyj gmxn Beb gixqg IdvZ cv nqQb Ges h
cwZkZ gmxn Avmv wbavwiZ wQj, wZwbB Avwg| AvgvK Kvkd viv,
Bjnvg viv, iBqv viv gvMZ Rvbvbv nj, eySvbv nj| Zey Avwg GK
wbwZ gb Kwiwb| wK KqK gvm ci hLb GB welq avivevwnKZv,
cyivcywi cZq Ges nzj GKxbi chvq cwQj, ZLb Avwg KziAvb
kixd Lyjjvg Ges gb Kijvg h, Avgvi GB BjnvgjvK Avjvn&i
wKZvei myL DcwZ KiZ ne| KziAvb kixd Lvjv gv myivn&
gvq`vi AvqvZ
ei njv| Avwg Zv wbq wPv i Kij
Avgvi Bjnvg, Kvkd I iBqv mg~nK mZ ej cjvg Ges Avgvi KvQ
m~Y cwivi nq evaMg nj h, wbqB gmxn Beb gixqg AvjvBnm
mvjvg IdvZ jvf KiQb| Zvici Avwg KziAvb kixd i _K kl
ch Mfxi gbvwbek Aaqb Kijvg| ZLb gmxni gZy nIqv Qvov
gmxn AvjvBnm mvjvg RxweZ _vKvi KvbB cgvY cjvg bv| Zvici ,
Avwg mnxn eyLvix Lyjjvg| Lv`vi Kz`iZ Zvi gwngv! Lvjv gv wKZveyrZdmxi `yB AvqvZ ei nj| GKwU
Ges AbwU
GKwUi fvlvbyev` Beb Avevm _K
Ges
AbwUi fvlvbyev` ^qs Avu-nhiZ mvjvjv AvjvBn Iqvmvjvg _K

138

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gRy` wQj| Ab K_vq, eyLvix Dfq AvqvZB hv `ywU wfb wfb vb wQj
GK vb msKjb Ki Zuvi gZ cKvk KiQb h, G Dfq AvqvZ w`q
Ab wKQy bq KejB gmxn&i gZz cwZwZ nq| Zvici mgM mnxn eyLvix
c_g _K kl ch GK GKwU Ki k cvV Kijvg| GZI gZz Qvov
msKZ ev cKvivi RxweZ _vKvi Kvb k ei njv bv| Zvici Avwg
mnxn& gymwjg cfwZ nvw`mi mg wKZvejv cwZwU `Ljvg Ges
MfxiZi Awfwbek mnKvi GK GKwU k I GKwU Ai cvV Kijvg|
wKy Kv_vI gmxni gZz Qvov RxweZ _vKvi jY ei njv bv| _vKjv,
bRyj msv nvw`m mg~n| Gme Kv_vI bhyjyg& wgbvm& mvgv (AvKvk
nZ AeZiY) bB| bhyji mv_ Zuvi RxweZ _vKvi m^ wK? hLb Zuvi
Rxeb Ges ivdv Bjvm&-mvgv (AvKvki w`K Dvjb) Kv_vI cgvwYZ
nq bv, ZLb bhyj (AeZiY) Avevi wKfve nq? bwhj gymvdKKI
ej, hgb GLb Avwg w`jxZ bhyj (AeZiY) KiwQ|
nhiZ AvK`vm ZLbI eZv kl Kibwb, gjex gynv` ekxi mvne
Awi nq ejjb, AbygwZ cj, Avwg G `vjvbi `~ieZx KvY em
wKQy wjLZ cvwi| nhiZ AvK`vm AvjvBnm mvjvg ejjb, ek Zv,
Avcwb hLvb BQv emyb| gjex mvne `~ieZx GK KvY wMq emjb
Ges gyRv` Avjx Luv viv ce jLv i Kijb| nhiZ AvK`vm
AvjvBnm& mvjvg ejjb, KvQ em ^n wbR Kjg m m ck I
Di jLvi kZ wbavwiZ nqwQj| wKy gjex mvne `~i wMq Ab
KviI gvag jLvQb| Avwg ejjvg, gjex mvneK wKQz ejev?
wZwb ejjb, _vK, wjLZ `vI ev jLvZ `vI|1

Kcyi_jv wbevwm nhiZ gybwk Rvdi Avn&g` mvne ejb :

Zvici, hLb gjex gynv` ekxi mvne ce jLvjb, ZLb Avwg Zv
nhiZ mvnei KvQ cuQvjvg| hyi AvgvK mLvbB `uvovZ ej `y
cv jLv nj bKj Kivi Rb ez`iK w`Z ejjb| Avwg `Ljvg
hyi mB cei Ici GKevi PvL eywjq Mjb| Zvici Avyj iL
cvjvi Ici `wcvZ Ki Zv c_K iL w`jb| Avgvi gb nwQj
wZwb cvV Kibwb| ay GK bRi mivmwi `LQb gv| hv nvK, hyi
ZLbB Reve jLv i Kib| `y cvK GK GK cv Ki GKwU gjex
(1) nvqvZ-Avng`, ZZxq L, 182-83 c:|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

139

Ave`yj Kixg mvne Abywjwc i Kijb Ges AbwU Ave`yj Kzym mvne
Abywjwc KiZ jvMjb| G cKvi hLb `ycv cyZ nZ, Avwg Ici
_K wbq AvmZvg Ges Zviv Abywjwc KiZ _vKZb| nhiZ mvne GZ
`Z wjLZb h, `yB GK cvZv AbywjwcKvix`i KvQ Aewk _vKZ|
Ave`yj Kzym mvne AZ `Z wjLZb| wZwb nqivb njb Ges nvZ
w`q jLvi Kvwj `L ciL KiZ jvMjb, Zv wK c~eKvi jLv? Avwg
ejjvg, hw` ZvB nq Ze Zv Zv GKwU Ac~e gvRhv|
hv nvK, Gfve `Z jLv Ges m m Abywjwc nZ jvMjv| Avwg
nhiZ AvK`vmi Revei Abywjwc gjex gynv` ekxi mvneK w`q
cZzi wjLZ ejjvg| wZwb nhiZ mvnei mv_ mvvr PvBjb| Avwg
bB, Ab KD nhiZ mvneK Lei w`j, gjex gynv` ekxi mvne
mvvr KiZ Pvb| hyi ZrYvr AvMgY Kijb| gjex gynv` ekxi
mvne ejjb h, AbygwZ cj wZwb ci w`b Reve wjL Avbeb| hyi
my wP AbygwZ `vb Kijb| gyevnvmvi kl ch gjex mvnei
GUvB ixwZ iBjv| wZwb KLbI mvgb em wjLZb bv, AbygwZ wbq Pj
hZb|1

divi c_ cvwUqvjv Mgb :

GB gyevnvmvi ci hyi Kvw`qvb divi msK Kijb| nhiZ bvmi beve
mvne GB mgq PvKwi Dcj cvwUqvjv wQjb| GB Rb hyi w`jx
_K cvwUqvjv hvb Ges mLvb KqKw`b Aevb Kib| 1891 mvji
30k Avei cvwUqvjvi RbK gjex gynv` BmnvK mvnei mv_
gmxni Rxeb-gZz m^ Avjvc AvjvPbv nq| gjex mvne ejjb,
nvw`m wjwLZ AvQ, nhiZ gmxn Be&b gwiqg KqK NUvi Rb wbqB
gZz jvf Kib| wKy wPiw`bi Rb bq| AZ:ci, wZwb cyixweZ nq
AvKvk Mgb Kib| nhiZ AvK`vm ZuvK eySvjb h, Kvb ewiB
`yevi gZz NU bv| nhiZ gmxn& AvjvBnm& mvjvg m^I KziAvb I
nvw`m _K cgvwYZ nq bv h, Zuvi `yevi gZz NUwQj| ZuvK AviI e
`wjj w`q GB K_v eySvbv nqwQj| wKy wZwb RbmvaviYi KvQ wMq
Zuvi weRq Wv evRvZ i Kijb| GZ nhiZ AvK`vm GKwU
(1) Avmnve Avng` PZz_ L, 124-26 c:|

140

nvqvZ ZvBqev

BkZnvii gvag cvwUqvjvi RbmvaviYi KvQ NvlYv Kijb, hw`

gjex mvnei weewZ mZ Ges Avgvi GB weewZ wg_v nq _vK,
Zvnj gjex mvnei KZe GKwU cKvk Rbmfv Ki Avgvi mv_
evnvm Kib| GZ gjex mvne bxie nq Mjb Ges gvKvejvq
DcwZ njb bv|1

Avm&gvbx dqmvjv MnYi Rb Avn&evb :

nhiZ AvK`vm hLb `Ljb h, `ki kxl vbxq Djvgv`i KvQ
wekl Ki w`jxi gZ K`xq kni wMq Brgvg r ev cwic~Y hyw
c`vb Kiv nqQ Ges DjvgvMY hyw w`q cwZhvwMZv DcwZ nZ
Uvj-evnvbv KiQb| KD KD gvKvejvq DcwZ njI cvw_e mvb I
cfve-cwZcw wemRb w`Z cyZ bb, ZLb wZwb Ggb GKwU c_ Aej^b
Kijb, hv agi cvY Ges hv eZxZ KD Avm&gvbx AvZvi AwaKvix `vwe
KiZ cvi bv| wZwb Djvgv`iK Avn&evb Rvbvjb h, Zuviv hw` Lv`v
ZvAvjvi hyi cKZ ag wekvmx nq _vKb, A_ev Avmgvbi mv_ Zuv`i
AvavwZK hvMm~ _vK Zvnj Zvuiv hb DcwZ nq ^Mxq mvnvh cvw
welq AvK`vmi mv_ cwZhvwMZvq AeZxY nb| hw` Zuviv Kvgj gygb
I gyvKx nq _vKb, hw` Zuviv mwZKvi wekvmx, cinRMvi I agcivqY
nq _vKb, Zvnj Avjvn&ZvAvjv wbqB Zuv`iK mvnvh Kieb| Zv bv
Ki, hw` Lv`v ZvAvjv Zuv`iK AcgvwbZ Kib, Zuv`i m cwiZvM
Kib Ges Hkx mvnvhvejx hyi AvK`vmi mv_x nq, Ze Zuviv hb wPv
Ki `Lb h mZ Kvi mv_ AvQ Ges K wg_vi Avkq MnY KiQ|
wZwb G cm Kvgj gywgbi PviwU jY eYbv Kib :
(1) Kvgj gywgb Avjvn&-ZvAvjvi KvQ _K cvqB mymsev` cv nq
_vKb| A_vr, Zuvi ev Zuvi ez`i gbvevv m^ NUbv cKvwkZ
nevi AvM ZvuK Rvbvb nq|
(2) Kvgj gywgbi KvQ Ggb me A`k welqmg~n cKvwkZ nq h, IB
mgy`qi m^ ay Zuvi wbRi welq ev Zuvi mv_ m^ wewk
ew`i RbB bq eis cw_exZ h me Kvhv I K`i, A_vr Hkx
wggvsmv I weavb AeZxY nevi Rb wbw` nq ev cw_exi Kvb Kvb
(1) 1891 mvj 31 Avei, ZvwiLi BkZnvi ZejxM-wimvjZ, wZxq L, 56-57 c:|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

141

weLvZ ewi Ici h me wechq NUv wbavwiZ nq, Zr-m^

gbvbxZ gywgb msev` jvf Ki _vKb|
(3) Kvgj gywgbi AwaKvsk `vqv MnxZ nq Ges cvqB `vqv Keyj
nIqvi msev` mgqi AvM Rvbvbv nq|
(4) Kvgj gygbi KvQ KziAvb Kixgi wbZ bZzb my Z Ges
AwbwnZ Ac~e ZvwK weklZ mevcv AwaK D`&NvwUZ nq
_vK|
GB PviwU jYB Ab mvaviYi Zzjbvq Kvgj gywgbi ga ewk
_vK|1
GB Avmgvbx dqmvjv MnYi Rb wZwb gjex mq` bvwhi mvqb
`vnjex mvne, gjex gynv` mvqb evUvjex mvne, gjex Ave`yj
Revi MRbex AgZmix mvne, gjex Ave`yi ingvb jzKIqvjv,
gynv` ekxi mvne fycvjx, gjex ikx` Avng` mvne Mvvnxi bvg
weklic Ges fviZeli mgM gjex, mvv`vbkxb, mywd Ges
cxiRv`vK mvaviYfve Avn&evb Rvwbq ejjb :
hw` Avcbviv Kvgj gywgb nq _vKb Ges Avwg bvDhywejvn&- Kvdi,
gyj&nv` Ges `vvj nq _vwK, Ze wbq Gme Avmgvbx, ^Mxq
mvnvhi evcvi Avjvn&-ZvAvjv Avcbv`i mv_x neb Ges AvgvK
KLbv mvnvh Kieb bv| A_P, GZ GKwU eo jvf ne| Avcbviv w`bivZ wPrKvi KiQb, c_g Cgvbi cwiPq `vI, ci evnvm Ki| myZivs,
Avmyb, Avwg Avgvi Cgvb mve KiwQ Ges mB cKvi KiwQ, hv KziAvb
I nvw`mi m~Y Abygvw`Z| AZGe GB Zzjv` ev gvcKvwV vivB
Avcbv`i CgvbI mve KiZ ne| wKy GB Pvj KD MnY Kijv
bv|

Kzdii dZvqv :
Djvgviv hLb `Ljb, Zuviv nhiZ AvK`vmi gvKvejvq KvbfveB
wKQy KiZ cviQb bv| hyw I `wjji I bv, Avmgvbx mvnvhi
evcviI bv Ges Gi dj cwZw`b RbMY Zuvi KvQ eqAvZ MnY KiQb,
(1) Avmgvbx dqmvjv wZxq msiY, 14 c:|

142

nvqvZ ZvBqev

ZLb Zuviv mwwjfve lohg~jK GB wggvsmvq DcbxZ njb h, GKwU

Kzdii dZvqv cyZ KiZ ne| Gi Ici ZrKvjxb AL cvK-fviZ
Dcgnv`ki mg cavb cavb Djvgvi mg_bg~jK wmjgvni mshy Kiv
ne| Zvici, Zv ej cPvi Kiv ne| dj hLb gvbyl `LZ cve h,
mg gjexMY GK evK ZuvK Kvdi ej wbavwiZ KiQb, ZLb
KD Zuvi K_vq KYcvZ Kie bv| eyZ: gjex gynv` mvqb evUvjex
mvneK GB KvRi fvi `qv njv| wZwb ZrKvjxb mgM AL cvKfviZ gY Ki `yB k gjexi KvQ _K Kzdii dZIqv msMn
Kijb| meZ:, Aviwe I E`y Awfavb jvi Ggb Kvb RNbZi Mvwj
wQj bv, hv GB me Djvgvq Kivg, nhiZ AvK`vmi Rb eenvi
Kibwb| Ggb ejj Kvb AZzw ne bv h, Zuviv Ggb wKQz wKQz MvwjI
Avwevi KiwQjb hjv BwZc~e Kvb fvlvq Kv_vI cvIqv hvq wb|
AvgivI GB dZIqvi Kvb Kvb Ask `LwQ| Kvb f`jvKi Zv
cvVhvM bq|
gjex gynv` mvqb evUvjex mvne GB v aviYvi ekeZx nqwQjb
h, nhiZ AvK`vm wghv mvne h LvwZ I DbwZ jvf KiwQjb, Zv
ZuviB evivnxb-Avng`xqvi mgvjvPbv Ges DwQZ cksmvi djB
NUwQj| m Rb wZwb `c Ki ejjb : AvwgB ZuvK Ici DwVqwQjvg
Ges GLb AvwgB ZuvK wbP bvgve|1
nhiZ AvK`vm Zuvi wKZve wbkvb-AvmgvbxZ Djvgv`i GB me
dZvqv Ges Avjvn&-ZvAvjvi AbyMnivwR AvjvPbv cm wjLQb :
GB Aag Avjvn& ZvAvjvi AbyMnmg~ni KZZv cKvk Ag| Kzdix
dZIqvi Ggb mgq hLb PZzw`K _K GB Rvgvbvi Djvgv`i K
(Zzwg gywgb bI) awbZ nQ, ZLb Avjvn& Rvjv kvbyi c
_K evYx AvmQ h
(ej, Avwg gvgyi
Avwg cZvw` nqwQ Ges Avwg me c_g Bgvb GbwQ)| GK w`K,
nhiZ gjex mvneMY ejQb h Kvb cKvi GB ewi aesm mvab
Ki| Ab w`K Bjnvg nQ,
(Zviv Zvgvi Ici `e wec` AeZiYi cZvkvq Acv KiQ, ZvivB
`e wec`M ne)| GKw`K, Zuviv AvgvK jvwZ, AcgvwbZ Kivi Pv
(1) b~i Avng`;, 17 c:|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

143

KiQb| Abw`K Lv`v Iqv`v KiQb,

(hviv Zvgvi Acgvb Pvq, Avwg Zv`iK AcgvwbZ Kie| Avjvn&B
Zvgvi cwZ`vb| Avjvn& ZvgvK MiegwZ Kieb|) GKw`K
gjexiv dZvqvi ci dZvqv wjLQb : GB ewi mv_ HKgZ cvlY
Ges Gi AbyewZZvi viv gvbyl Kvdi nq| Aci w`K Avjvn& ZvAvjv Zuvi
GB Bj&nvgi Ici gvMZ Rvi w`Qb h,
ej, hw` Zvgiv Avjvn&K fvjevm, Ze Avgvi c`vvbymiY Ki| Zvnj
wZwbI Zvgv`i fvjevmeb| eyZ: GB, mKj gjex mvneiv Lv`v
ZvAvjvi mv_ hy AeZxY nQ| AwPiB `Le, Kvi Rq nq|1
G j, Zv wekl DjLhvM h, Bwb gywnbyg& gvb& Aviv`v BnvbvZvKv
(Avwg ZvK AcgvwbZ Kie, h Zvgvi Acgvb PvBe)| GB Bjnvg
nhiZ AvK`vm jvnvi cv nb| GUv hw`I mvweK, wKy ZLb gjex
gynv` mvqb mvne evUvjexK Dcj KiB Zv AeZxY nq| GB
Bj&nvg evi evi wKfve c~Y nqQ-eYbv KiZ nj `xN AvjvPbvi
cqvRb| msc Gi wKQz wKQz ev cieZx cvmg~nI cvIqv hve|
eyZ: evUvjex mvne Avjvn& ZvAvjvi h gvgyi - A_vr, h cZvw` agmsviKZvK gvbnvwbi Awfcvq KiwQjb, AvR Zuvi cwZ weki
w`K&w`M _K `i` cvV nQ| cw_exi weLvZ cyiliv Zuvi bvg DPviY
Zuvi mvbv_ gK AebZ Kib Ges m w`b ewk `yi bq, eis vi
cv DcwZ, hLb cw_exi ev`kvn&iv Zuvi cwiaq e _K Avwkm
A^lY Kieb| wKy evUvjex mvnei bvg DPviY Ki, Ggb KvDKI
cvIqv hve bv| Kv_vq wQj m w`b hLb cvK-fviZ Dcgnv`ki mg
RvwZ Zuvi bvg mvbi mv_ DPviY KiZv Ges hw`K w`q wZwb
hZb, Zuvi mvbv_ gvbyl `uvwoq hZ Avi Kv_vq GB Aev h AvR
Zuvi RxekvZB (nhiZ AvK`vmK, bvDhywejvn&, Aegvbbv Kievi
Awfcvq `uvovbvi ciB) Zuvi mvb gk: KgZ _vKjv| Zvi mvbiv
mevB eiev` njv| mw mgB web njv| hLb wZwb evUvjvq cvY
ZvM Kijb, ZLb evUvjvi gymjgvbiv ZuvK Zuv`i Keivb `vdb
(1) wbkvb-Avmgvbx 38-39 c:|

144

nvqvZ ZvBqev

KiZ mwZ `bwb Ges wZwb Ggb GK Keivb mgvwnZ nb, hvi DjL
KiZ PvBjI gyL _K K_v mi bv|1

Kzdii dZvqv m^ nhiZ AvK`vmi AwfgZ :

h Kzdixi dZIqvi K_v Ici ewYZ njv, GB dZvqv hLb nhiZ
AvK`vmi KvQ cuQj, ZLb wZwb wbwjwLZ NvlYv cKvk Kijb :
GB dZvqv Av`vcv `LwQ| h me AwfhvM w`q GB dZvqv
wjwLZ nqQ, Bb&kv Avjvn&, AwZ kxNB IB me AwfhvM wg_v I NUbv
wei nIqv m^ GKwU wKZve GB Aagi c _K cKvwkZ ne| Zvi
bvg ne, `vd-Dj&-Im&-Iqvm|2 Zv mI GB ew`i AwfmvZ I
nvm we`c Avgvi KvbB Avc bB Ges Kvb AvkvI bB| Avwg eis
my nqwQ, wgquv bwhi mvqb mvne, kL evUvjex Ges Zuv`i AbyewZiv
AvgvK Kvdi, gvjvDb, `vvj, hvj, eCgvb, Rvnvbvgx Ges
AvK&di ej Zuv`i wPi IB me Avb ei KiQb, hv mZZv, mvayZv
Ges Lv`vfxiZvi cwZ j ivLj KLbv ei nZ bv| Avgvi `vwei c~Y
cgvY `L Ges mZZvi wZ ^v` GB gnv`qMY hZUzKz AvnZ nqQb,
mB fxlY gg Zi e_v Dckgi Rb AvgvK AwfmvZ Kiv Qvov
Zuv`i Ab Kvb DcvqI wQj bv| Avwg GZI Avb` jvf KiwQ h, B`x
dKxn& I gjexiv Aekl nhiZ gmxn& AvjvBnm mvjvgK h Dcnvi
w`qwQj, hgb bvwK Avnj&-KZvei BwZnvm Ges Pvi Bwj _K
Rvbv hvq| myZivs, Avwg gmxj-gmxn& (gmxni Abyic) nIqv Aevq
GB me AwfmvZi Kjie kvbvq Avgvi e Avbw`Z nIqv DwPZ|
KviY, Lv`v-ZvAvjv AvgvK hgb `vvwjqZi g~j DrcvUb I wejvc
mvabi Rb gwmnx mv viv Yvw^Z KiQb, Zgwb wZwb GB welq
msv h h Avc`-wec` AeZxY nIqvi wQj, Zv _KI gy ivLbwb|
wKy hw` Kvb `y:L _vK, Ze ay GUzKz h, evUvjex mvne GB dZvqv
cyZ KiZ B`x dwKn& ev aghvRK`i AcvI AwaKZi wg_vPvi KvR
KiQb Ges mB wg_vPvi wZb cKvii hgb :
c_gZ : Kvb Kvb ew, hv`i Kvb gjexqZ ev dZvqv `vbi
(1) weZ weeiYi Rb cvV Kib, evZvjyex Kv Avvg, nhiZ gxi gynv` Kvmg
mvne ivwhAvjv Avb) cYxZ|
(2) Gi Aci bvg, Avqbvq KvgvjvZ Bmjvg (MKvi)|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

145

c`vwaKvi bB ay Kzdzi wbaviYKvix`i msLv ewi Rb Zv`i gyd&wZ

ev dZvqv-`vZv ej cKvk Kiv nqQ|
wZxqZ : Kvb Kvb ew- hv`i KvbB agxq vb bB Ges cKvkZt
kixqZ jNb I cvcvPvi wbgM, eis AZ `y cvc KvR KiZv`iK
AZ eo Avjg I kixqZi cve` ej ai wbq Zv`i gvni mshy
Kiv nqQ|
ZZxqZ : hvu`i vb I mZZv- Bj&g I wqvbZ`vix AvQ, wKy cKZc
hvuiv GB dZvqvi Ici gvnivswKZ Kibwb, evUvjex mvne c~Y gvvq
PvZzwi I wg_vPvwiZvi viv Zuv`i bvgI GZ mshvwRZ KiQb|
GB wZb cKvi jvKi m^ Avgv`i KvQ wjwLZ cgvY we`gvb AvQ|
hw` evUvjex mvne ev Ab Kvb mvnei GZ m`n _vK, Ze jvnvi
GKwU mfvi Abyvbc~eK Avgvi KvQ cgvY Zje Kib, hvZ h-B
wg_vev`x cwZcb nq, Zvi gyL Kwjgvwj nq| GgwbZ ZK&dxi ev
KvDKI Kvdi cwZcb Kiv Kvb bZzb K_v bq| GB gjex`i wcZv,
wcZvgnvw` c~e-cyilai GB bxwZB cPwjZ AvQ| Giv Kvb m~ K_v
bj ZrYvr evak~b nq cob| Lv`vZvAvjv Zuv`iK GB eyw
`bwb h, K_vi Mvovq cuQZ cvib Ges jyvwqZ Zvejxi Mfxi Z_
AeMZ nZ cvib| GB Rb mjv bv eySB AbK Zuviv Kvdi
wbaviY Kievi w`K QyU cob| AvDwjqv Kivgi ga Ggb GKRbI
bB, whwb G`i `qv Kvdi dZvqv _K gy wQjb| Ggb wK, Zuviv
wbR gyL ejb h, hLb cwZkZ gvn&`x Avmeb, ZLb ZuvKI gjexiv
Kvdi wbaviY Kieb| Zgb nhiZ Cmv hLb AeZxY neb, ZLb
ZuvKI Kvdi cwZcb Kiv ne| GB me K_vi Reve ay GB: n
nhiZiv, n gnv`qiv, Avcbv`i wK Lv`vi K_v iY nq bv| Avjvn&
myenvby wbRB Zuvi ev`v`iK G Awb _K iv Ki AvmQb| bZzev,
Avcbviv Zv wckvP WvBwbi gZ gynv`xq DZi Zver gnvgvb
AvDwjqv`iK fvR I cvbxq eyi gZ D`i KiZb| Avcbv`i
KzevP _K c~eeZx`iKI AevnwZ `bwb, cieZx`iKI Qvobwb|
wbR nvZ Avcbviv IB me AvjvgZ c~Y KiQb hv wbRiv wkv w`q
AvmQb| Avhi welq, Avcbviv GKRb Ab Rbi cwZI myaibv
cvlY Kib bv| A w`bi K_v, gyqvwn`iv e-xb nIqv m^ gv`vij&
nK bvgK wKZve h_vme cvq wZb k ewi mxj^vi mshy Kiv

146

nvqvZ ZvBqev

nqQ| myZivs, Kvdi wbaviY GZ mv ej GB me Kzdi wb`k KD

fxZ ne Kb? wKy `y:Li welq, wgquv bwhi mvqb I kL evUvjex GB
Kvdi wbaviYi evcvi e RvwjqvwZ KiQb Ges bvbv cKvi
wg_vPvwiZv I wg_v Avivc viv cvijwKK gj ARb KiQb|1

c_g mvjvbv Rj&mv, wWm^i 1891 mvj :

gmxn& `vwei cieZx mgqKvjwU nhiZ AvK`vmi AZ KgeZvi ga
KUQ| weiev`x Djvgviv PZzw`K weivwaZvi Avb cwjZ Ki
wQjb| wKy nhiZ AvK`vm gnv ah I mvnwmKZvq AUj ceZi bvq
`vqgvb _K weivwaZvi AwM wbevcY evcZ wQjb Ges GB Dk
wZwb `~i `~iv mdi KiwQjb| AvKvq` (ev ag wekvm) chy GB hy
hyi hgb Dy Zievwi nvZ `vqgvb wQjb, Zgwb gyevqxb ev wkv
`xv MnYKvix`i `xvi welqI wZwb AgbvhvMx nbwb| Hkx wb`k
hyi Kvw`qvb GKwU mvjvbv Rj&mvi eywbqv` ivLjb Ges 27 _K 29k
wWm^i GB Rjmvi ZvwiL wbaviY KiwQjb| 1891 mvj mec_g h
Rj&mv njv ZvZ cuPvi Rb ez hvM`vb Kib| Rj&mvi Dk m^
hyi AvK`vm 30k wWm^i 1891 mvj wbwjwLZ NvlYv c`vb Kib :
GB Aagi eqAvZi wmj&wmjvq h me AKcU wP gyL&jmxbiv hvM`vb
KiQb, Zuviv AewnZ nvb h, eqAvZ Kievi Dk, hvZ cvw_e gvn
f nq, ^xq gvIjv Kixg I imyj gKeyj mvjvjv AvjvBn Iqvmvjvgi
cg `q cvavb jvf Ki Ges Ggb wbwj Aevi mw nq, hvi gvag
AvLivZi mdi AcQ`bxq ej gb bv nq| wKy GB Dk wmwi Rb
msmM jvf Ges Rxebi GKvsk G c_ eq Kiv AZvekK, hvZ Lv`vZvAvjv hw` Pvb, Kvb wbwZ vbg~jK cgvY `kbi dj `yejZv I
Avjm `~ixfZ nq Ges c~Yvxb wekvm Rb, AvMn I cgveMi mw
nq| myZivs, GB welqi cwZ me`v gbvhvMx _vKv KZe Ges `vqv
KiZ ne, hb Lv`v ZvAvjv GB mvg_ `b| GB mvg_ jvf bv Kiv
ch KLbv KLbv AekB Avgvi mv_ mvvr KiZ ne| KviY,
eqAvZi wmjwmjvq cekc~eK mvvZi Rb hZevb bv nj Ggb
eqAvZ GKevi eiKZ k~b Ges ay GKUv c_v ev evwnK Abyvb gv
(1) wbkvb-Avmgvbx nZ DZ| 42-44 c:|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

147

ne| ^vfvweK `yejZv, gZvi Afve, A_ev `~ii c_ ekZ: cZKi

c m Gm evm Kiv A_ev eQi KqKevi K mn Ki mvvZi
Rb Avmv mnR bvI nZ cvi| KviY, AbKiB cvY GLbv Ggb AvMn
Rwb h, mvvZi Rb KwVb K I eo wZ ^xKvi KiZ cvib|
myZivs GRbB eQi wZb w`b Rjmvi Rb wbavwiZ Kiv mgxPxb ej gb
nq| hw` Avjvn& ZvAvjv Pvb GZ mg gyLjm ewiv ^v fvjv I
dyim _vKj Ges Kvb KwVb evav weN DcwZ bv nj wbw` ZvwiL
Abymvi DcwZ neb| myZivs, Avgvi weePbvq m ZvwiL 27k wWm^i
_K 29 k wWm^i, AvRKi w`bi ci fwelZ hw` Avgv`i Rxeb
27k wWm^i ZvwiL Avm, Ze ay Avjvn&i Dk ievbx evK keY
Ges `vqvq hvM`vbi Rb GB ZvwiL h_vmva DcwZ nIqv cZK
ezi KZe ne| GB Rjmvq Ggb Mfxi Ges m~ Z kvbvbv ne, hv
Cgvb, GKxb I gvidvZi Zixi Rb AZvekK| GQvovI IB me
ezi Rb weklfve `vqv Kiv ne, weklfve gbvhvM `qv ne Ges
cig `qvjy Avinvgyi ivngxbi `iMvn h_vmva Pv Kiv ne, hb
Lv`v-ZvAvjv wbRi w`K Zuv`i AvKlY Kib, ZuvK MnY Kib Ges
Zuv`i ga cwe cwieZb mw Kib|1
GB mjb Kvw`qvbi gmwR`-AvKmvq AbywZ nq| Gi Kvh weeiYx
nhiZ AvK`vmi wKZve dqmvjv AvmgvwbZ mwbwe AvQ| GB mgq
jvK mgvMgK ZLbKvi Aevbymvi Rv-Mdxi ev wecyj RbZv ej
wbaviY Kiv nq| wKy nhiZ gmxn cvK Zuvi cwe nvZ h Rjmvi wfw
vcb KiwQjb, mnm mnm GKvM wP AvkKMY weki cv _K
AvRI GZ mgeZ nb| mnm mnm ^QvmeK Rjmvi eevcbvi KvR
wbqvwRZ _vKb| weMZ 1958 mvji Rjmvq cvq 80 nvRvi jvKi
mgvMg nqwQj| mB mgq ewk `~i bq, hLb Avn&g`xqZi ciYvq
AbycvwYZ nq j j ew cig AvMn I D`v wP weki cZK `k
_K GB Rjmvq hvM`vb Kieb| Bb&kvAvjvn|

1890-91 mvj cYxZ wKZve :

dZn& Bmjvg I Zwhn givg iwPZ nq 1890 mvji kl fvM Ges
1891 mvj cKvwkZ nq| GB eQi megZ-Kvl ^ic GKwU wKZve
(1) GB NvlYv Avmgvbx dqmvjv wKZvei m cKvwkZ nq|

148

nvqvZ ZvBqev

Bhvjvq AvInvgI cKvwkZ nq| Gi m^ wevwiZ AvjvPbv Ici

Kiv nqQ| Avm&gvbx dqmjvI GB eQiB iwPZ I cKvwkZ nq| GB
wKZvei cwiPq c~ei cwiQ`jvZ `qv nqQ|

GKRb BsiRi Bmjvg MnY, 1892 mvji 13B Rvbyqvwi :

1892 mvji 13 Rvbyqvwi gv`vR GjvKvi GKRb mr`q BsiR wgt
fvBU Rb, wcZv- wgt Rb fvBU Kvw`qvb `vij& Avgvb DcwZ nq eqAvZ
MnY Kib| GZ nhiZ AvK`vm AZ Avbw`Z nb| KviY, wKQzKvj
c~eB wZwb GKwU ^c `LwQjb :
Avwg `Ljvg, Avwg jb kni GKwU eZv g `uvwoqwQ| BsiwR
fvlvq GKwU AZ hwK fvlYi gvag Bmjvgi mZZv cKvk KiwQ|
AZ:ci, Avwg AbK cvwL aijvg| Zviv QvU QvU MvQi Ici emv wQj|
Zviv mv`v eYi wQj| h_vme, wZwZii `ni gZ Zv`i `n wQj|
AZGe, Avwg ^ci GB Zvrch gb KiwQ h, Avwg bv njI Avgvi
jLvjv Zv`i ga cfve wevi Kie Ges e mvay BsiR mZ MnY
Kieb|1
wg: fvBU Bmjvg MnY Kivq GB ^ci Zvrch KvhZ: c~Y njv| GZ
hyi AvK`vmi my nIqv h_v_ wQj|

jvnvii mdi, 20k Rvbyqvwi 1892 mvj :

Avm&gvbx dqmvjvq nhiZ AvK`vm NvlYv Kib, Djvgv, cxi, dwKi
Ges Mxbkxb`i ga Kvb mvne hw` Avmgvbx mvnvh evcvi Zuvi
mv_ gvKvejv KiZ Pvb Ze jvnvi Zvi Rb mevcv DchvMx vb|
GB Iqv`v c~Y Kivi Dk wZwb Rvbyqvwii ZZxq mvn jvnvi hvb Ges
gybwk gxivb eL&k gigi Pzbvgwi evwoZ Aevb Kib|
1892 mvji 31k Rvbyqvwi, gybwk gxivb eL&k mvnei evwoi mvgb
wZwb GKwU cKvk eZv c`vb Kib| Kvb AwZiwZ K_v bq, nvRvi
nvRvi ew GB eZvi mgq DcwZ wQjb| wkwZ, AwkwZ, knii
MYgvb eweM, miKvwi KgPvixeyZ: me kYxi jvKiv GB eZv
(1) Bhjvq AvInvg, 515-16 c:|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

149

kvbvi Rb mfvj Avmb| cywjk kvw ivq wbqvwRZ wQj| nhiZ

AvK`vm Zuvi `vwei hyw eYbv Kib| Aekl hyi ejb, Djvgviv Zuvi
mvgb KziAvbi `wjj DcwZ KiZ bv ci Zuvi wei Kzdii
dZvqv w`qQb| GKRb gywgbK Kvdi ejv mnR| wKy wbRi Cgvb
cgvY Kiv mnR bq| KziAvb Kixg gywgb Mqi-gywgbi Kvb Kvb jY
wb`k KiQ| wZwb GB me Kvdi AvLv`vZv`iK Avn&evb Ki
ejb, Zviv hb GB jvnvi kniB Zvi Ges Zuv`i Cgvbi wggvsmv
KziAvb ewYZ dqmjv Abyhvqx Ki bb|1

nhiZ nvRx-Dj&-nvivgvBb gjvbv nvdR nvKxg b~ixb mvne

fiexi eZv :
nhiZ nvRx-Dj&-nvivgvBb gjvbv nvdR nvKxg b~ixb mvne fiex
ivwh Avjvn& Avb& whwb ci nhiZ AvK`vmi c_g Lwjdv gbvbxZ
nqwQjb| wZwb GB mfvq DcwZ wQjb| hyi eZv Kivi ci ZuvK
wKQy ejvi Rb ejjb| GZ nhiZ gjvbv `uvwoq eZv Kijb :
Avcbviv wghv mvnei `vwe I Gi `wjj Zuvi gyL bQb| Avjvn&ZvAvjvi IB mg cwZkwZ I mymsev` bQb, hv m~Y cwZKj
cwiwwZi ga Avjvn& ZvAvjv ZvuK w`qQb| Avcbv`i GB knii
Awaevmxiv AvgvK Pbb Ges Avgvi cwieviK Rvbb| DjvgvivI Avgvi
m^ AcwiwPZ bb| Avjvn& ZvAvjv AvgvK KziAvbi vb w`qQb|
Avwg wghv mvnei `vwe m^ e wPv KiwQ| Zuvi Bmjvgx L`gZmg~n
j KiwQ Aek, Zuvi weievw``i AevI fewQ| KziAvb Kixg
AvgvK c_ c`kb KiQ| Avwg `LwQ, Zuvi c~eeZx AvMgbKvix`i
hfve gvKvejv Kiv nqwQj, GLb ZvB Kiv nQ| Ab K_vq, mB
cvPxb BwZnvmi cybivew NU PjQ| Avwg Kjgv kvnv`Z cvV Ki
ejwQ, wghv mvne mZi Ici AvQb| GB mZi mv_ msNlKvixiv PY
wePzY ne| gywgb mZK MnY Ki| mZ ej weewPZ nIqvq Avwg Zv
MnY KiwQ Ges nhiZ bex Kixgi cyYgq wb`k nQ, gywgb hv wbRi
(1) nvqvZ Avng`, nhiZ kL BqvKze Avwj mvne Bidvbx (ivwhAvjv Avb)
cYxZ, ZZxq L, 208 c:|

150

nvqvZ ZvBqev

Rb cQ` Ki, Zvi vZvi RbI Zv cQ` Ki| m Abymvi Avwg

Avcbv`i GB mZi cwZ Avn&evb KiwQ| Igv AvjvBbv Bjvj& evjvMmZ cPvi eZxZ Avgv`i KvbB `vwqZ bB| Avm&-mvjvgy AvjvBKzg|
GB ej wZwb g cwiZvM Kijb| mfv kl njv|1

nhiZ AvK`vmi Pig AvZmshg :

ejvK mgvMg Ges mvivw`b evcx wfo nQ `L gybwk gxivb eLm
mvnei evwo Qo nhiZ AvK`vm gvn&eye ivBqvb`i GK wekvj AvqZb
I myck evwoZ hvb|2 hw`I hyii jvnvi Aevbi mgqI jvKiv
weivwaZv KiwQj, ZeyI Zv w`jxevmx`i bviRbK weivwaZvi gZ wQj
bv| Aek, GKwU NUbvi De nqwQjv| Zv nhiZ AvK`vmi ah I
Mvxhi c~Yveqe wP c`kb Ki|

nhiZ kL BqvKze Avjx mvne Zzive wjLQb :

nhiZ AvK`vm gR&wjm em DcwZ ew`iK kvbvevi Rb
Rbvij mUvix gybwk kvg&mywb mvne Avm&gvbx dqmvjv cvV KiZ
Av`k w`jb| ZLbKvi cyivcywi wP Avgvi PvLi mvgb fvmQ| GB
gRwjm Z`vbxb ev agvPvh gRyg`vi evey DcwZ wQjb| wZwb
GM&Rvwgbvi Awdmi cavb KgPvix wQjb| m`vPvi wkvPvii Rb Zuvi
Lye LvwZ wQj| wZwb Rbmevi KvR AMYx f~wgKv ivLZb| Z_vKw_Z
GKRb gymjgvb DcwZ nq bnvr AbychvMx fvlv cqvM I Akxj
MvwjMvjvR viv Zvi wZvi cwiPq w`j| nhiZ Zuvi cvMwoi ewaZ Ask
gyLi Ici iL bZ _vKjb Ges m~Y Pzc _vKjb| gb nwQj wZwb
wKQyB kvbbwb| Zuvi Pnvivq Kvb cKvi NYv ev weiwi wPgv `Lv
Mj bv| Aekl, IB ew kv nq AvcwbB Pzc Kij Ges Pj Mj|
DcwZ cvq mevB ivMvw^Z nwQjb| wKy nhiZi Av`e ekZ: KD
ZvK evav `qvi mvnm Kiwb| jvKwU Pj hvIqvi ci gRyg`vi ejjb,
Avgiv gmxni mnbkxjZv m^ AbK K_v cvV KiwQ Ges bwQ|
wKy Avgiv GLb GB gnvb Pwii weklZ ^P cZ Kijvg| wZwb
GB cm AbK wKQy ejjb| Zuvi Awdm Avgv`i RvgvZi e ew
(1) nvqvZ-Avng`, ZZxq L, 209 c:|
(2) gvneye ivBqvb, wn`y wq eYi Kzj wekli Dcvwa wQj|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

151

wQjb| wZwb Zuv`i mevBK mgv`i KiZb Ges nhiZ gybwk bex eLk
mvne ivwh Avjv Avb&K Zv wekl kvi PvLB `LZb| wZwb cvqB
GB NUbvi DjL KiZb Ges nhiZi Pig AvZmshgi cksmv
KiZb|1

jvnvii Kvb Kvb ezi eqAvZ MnY :

nhiZ kL BqvKze Avjx mvne Zzive& (ivwh Avjv Avb&) I Aviv eYbv
Kib :
jvnvii AwaKvsk ezB m evwoZ eqAvZ MnY Kib| AvwgI
bZzbfve eqAvZ ZvRv KiwQjvg| nhiZ Wvvi gxquv BqvKze eM mvne,
nhiZ wghv AvBqye eM mvne, nhiZ Ave`yj Avhxh mvne gyNj I Zuvi
cwievii2 cvq mevB GB mgq eqAvZ MnY Kib| GB me bvg IB
iwRvi AvQ, hvi AwaKvsk nhiZ wbR Kjg wjLwQjb| Gi GK
Kwc Avgvi KvQI AvQ|3

gvn&`yweqZi `vexKvixi AvgY :

GB mgq hyi AvK`vm nhiZ gjex iwngyjvn mvnei gm&wR`i
(jgwZ nhiZ gybwk PivM `xb mvnei evwojvi mvgb AewZ
wQj) bvgvh coZb| GKw`b wZwb hvni A_ev Avmii bvgvh kl Ki
gmwR` _K ei nq evwoi w`K hvQb, Ggb mgq wcQb w`K _K
Gm GK ew m wbRK gvn&`x ejZ4 Ges jv Bjvnv Bjvjvn& gvn&`x
ivmyjyjvn& Kjgv cvV KiZ- nhiZ AvK`vmi Kvgi nvZ w`j, wKy
ZuvK ZzjZ ev djZ cviwb| nhiZ mq` Avgxi Avjx kvn& mvne
(1) nvqvZ Avng`, ZZxq L, 210 c:|
(2) nhiZ wgqv Ave`yj Avhxh mvnei KqK w`b AvM nhiZ wgqv givR Dxb
Dgi mvne eqAvZ MnY Kib| nhiZ wgqv PivM `xb mvne nhiZ gyNj
mvnei wcZv Ges givR Dxb Dgi mvnei wcZe cy wQjb| wZwb cwievii
Awa-Kvsk ewMYi m nhiZ gyNj mvnei ci eqAvZ MnY Kib|
(3) nvqvZ Avng`, ZZxq L 210 c:|
(4) nhiZ gjex iwngyjvn& mvne (ivwh Avjvn& Avb) jvnvi knii mec_g Avng`x
wQjb| Zvui cPvii dj wgqvu cwievi mec_g nhiZ wgquv givR Dxb Dgi
mvne eqAvZ MnY Kib|

152

nvqvZ ZvBqev

wkqvjKvUx ZuvK ai Avjv`v Kijb| wZwb ZvK gviZ PvBjb| nhiZ

g`y nvwmmn ejjb, wKQy eje bv| m Zv gb Ki h, Avwg Zuvi c`
Ko wbqwQ| eivei evwo cuQv ch wKQyY ci ci nhiZ evi evi Nyi
Nyi `LwQjb, KD ZvK K `q bv Zv! m m m AvmZ jvMj
Ges evwoi evBi _K Zvi eZv i Kij| GB ew RivbIqvjvi
GK Mvgi Awaevmx wQj| cqM^iv wmsn bvg Zvi fvB Avgv`i RvgvZi
GKRb cwm AKcU wekvmx ew wQjb| Aekl wZwb Avn&g`x nb|
wZwb jvnviB GK gRwjm nhiZ AvK`vmi Ici cy elY Kib Ges
Zuvi IB fvBqi `y:gi Rb gv cv_bv Kib| cqM^iv wmsnI GK
mgq wkL`i i ivg wmsni AeZvi nIqvi `vwe KiZb| ci Avjvn&ZvAvjv Zuvi KvQ Bmjvgi mZZv cKvk Kij, wZwb GKRb gyvKx I
gyLjm Avn&g`x nqwQjb|1

nhiZ gjex mq` gynv` Avn&mvb mvne Avgivnxi AvMgYdeqvwi 1892 mvj :
1892 mvji deqvwii c_g w`K nhiZ gjex mq` gynv` Avn&mvb
Avgivnx mvne jvnvi AvMgb Kib| mq` mvne gigi K_v
BwZc~e GKevi ewYZ nqQ| wZwb beve wmwK nvmvb Luv mvne fycvjxi
GKRb Ai ez Ges Avn&j-nvw`m m`vqi mycwm Avjg wQjb|
wZwb Avngw` wmj&wmjvq `vLj nq c_g Rxeb cksmbxq L`gZ Kib|
ZuviB m^ nhiZ AvK`vmi Bj&nvg nqwQj :
Zvi mevq gynv` Avn&mvbK PvKwi _K cwiZvM KiZ `LwQ|
eyZ: gjex gynv` Avn&mvb Avg&ivnx GB DkB fycvj Zuvi PvKwi
cwiZvMKi Lv`vi gmxni KvQ DcwZ njb|2

gjex Ave`yj nvKxg Kvjvbyix mvnei mv_ gyevnvmv :

dZn&-Bmjvg, Zwhn givg Ges Bhvjvq-AvDnvgG nhiZ AvK`vm
(1) nvqvZ Avng`, ZZxq L, 210 c:|
(2) wZxq LjvdZi mgq gjex gynv` Avnmvb Avgivnx mvne cvwievwiK wechq
Mqi gyevBbMYi m hvM`vb Kib! ci, wZwb ZIev KiwQjb|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

153

wjLwQjb h, gynvvm GK A_ bex nq _vKb| gjex Ave`yj

nvKxg Kvjvbyix mvne GB Dw wbq ZK i Kijb Ges nhiZ
AvK`vmi mv_ Zuvi gybvhviv nq| gjex mvnei gZ GB evK viv
cKZ beyIqvZi `vwe cKvk cvq| wKy nhiZ AvK`vm ejjb, GB
evKi GB A_ bq Ges Gi viv Zuvi cKZ beyIqvZi `vwe cwZcv` Kiv
AwfcZ bq| nhiZ AvK`vm G cm wbewYZ NvlYv wjL `qvq GB
gybvhviv kl njv :
GB Aagi KZve dZn& Bmjvg, Zwhn givg Ges BhvjvqAvDnvgi h h vb GB kjv cvIqv hvq h, gynvvm GK A_
bex wKsev gynvvwmqZ AvswkK beyIqvZ,-me vb Zv nwKKx ev gwjK
A_ eeZ nqwb| mijfve kjv AvwfavwbK A_ wjwLZ nqwQj|
bZzev nVvr, KLbv Avwg nwKKx ev cKZ beyIqvZi `vwe Kwiwb; eis
Bhvjvq-AvDnvg 137 cvq Avwg wjLwQ, G welq Avgvi Cgvb AvQ
h, Avgv`i mq` I gvIjv-bZv I KZv-gynv` gyvdv mvjvjv
AvjvBn Iqvmvjvg nQb LvZvgyj&-Avw^qv| myZivs, Avwg me gymjgvb
fvB`i KvQ ejZ PvB, hw` DwjwLZ kjvi dj Zviv Amy
nq _vKbZv`i Ai hw` GB kjv K `q, Ze Zviv GB
kjvK Zigxg (mskvwaZ) gb Ki mB vb Avgvi c _K
gynvvm k _vKv gb Kieb Ges GK (A_vr, bex k) KwZZ gb
Kieb|1

gjex gynv` mvqb mvne evUvjexi cwZ Rbkvi AebwZ i :

BwZc~e ejv nqQ, gjex gynv` mvqb mvne hLb nhiZ AvK`vm
m^ wjLwQjb, AvwgB ZuvK Ici DwVqwQjvg Ges GLb AvwgB
ZuvK wbP bvgve, ZLb mB gywqh&-gywhj&, mvb-`vZv I jvbv c`vb,
Kvix Lv`vi vai Avb cwjZ njv| wZwb nhiZ AvK`vmK
m^vabc~eK ejjb :
A_vr, h ew Zvgvi Aegvbbv KiZ PvBe, Avwg ZvK AegvwbZ
(1) BkZnvi, 3 deqvwi, 1892|

154

nvqvZ ZvBqev

Kiev Ges h ZvgvK mvnvh Kivi Awfcvq Kie, Avwg ZvK mvnvh
Kiev|
Ab K_vq, G Bjnvg Zvrch GB wQjv h gynv` mvqb mvnei
jvbv i njv| c_g jvbv jywaqvbvi gyevnvmvZB ZvK fzMZ
nqwQj| Zvici, wZwb jvnvi cuQvj wPwbIqvjx gm&wR`i BgvgwZ _K
AcmvwiZ njb|1
jvnvi gjex mvne nhiZ AvK`vmi gvKvejv Kibwb| Aek,
DwRi Luv gm&wR` GKwU mfv Kib G cm nhiZ kL BqvKze mvne
Zzive ivwh Avjv Avb& ejb :
Avwg GB mfvq DcwZ wQjvg| nvbvdxiv Zv Zuvi cwZ exZk wQjbB,
Avn&j-nvw`mivI ZvuK cQ` KiZ bv| GB Rb gjex mvnei GB
mfvq Kvwkix evRvi Ges DwRi Luv PKi wKQy jvK mgeZ nqwQj|
gjex mvne wg^ii Ici `uvwoq Zwhn gvivg cfwZi Ici Avcw
KiZ _vKb| jvKiv KvbB gbvhvM `qwb Ges cKvk ejvewj
KiwQj, jywaqvbv _K gyevnvmvq civwRZ nq Gm GLb Kzdixi dZvqv
w`Q| GB Rbmfv Lye ewk nj Ava NUv ch wQj| Zvici, wew
nq co|

wkqvjKvU mdi :
hyi AvK`vm ZLb jvnviB wQjb| wkqvjKvUi RvgvZ ZuvK
wkqvjKvU hvIqvi Rb wbgY Kijb| G Dk Zuviv weklfve
nhiZ gjex Ave`yj Kixg mvneK cwZwbwa ^ic ciY Kib| hyi
Zuv`i wbgY MnY Kijb| 1892 mvji deqvwi gvmi wZxq mvn
hyi wkqvjKvU hvv Kib Ges nvKxg gxi mvgyxb mvnei evwoZ
Aevb Kib| wkqvjKvUi cwZ Zuvi ^vfvweK AbyivM wQj| KviY, wZwb
1864 mvj _K 1868 mvj ch PvKwi Dcj mLvb evm KiQb|
wkqvjKvUi AwaevmxivI Zuvi cwe Rxeb I Bmjvgx Dg AvPib
(1) nvqvZ Avng`, ZZxq L, 211 c:|
bvUt- wPwbIqvjx gmwR`i gyZIqvjx ZLb gvjv MvDm wQjb| wZwb Avgv`i cwm
Avng`x mq` `jvIqvi kvn mvnei gvZvgn wQjb| gvjv mvne h_vme
1904 mvj eqAvZ MnY Kib|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

155

`kvejx `L gy wQjb| Avgiv hyii evjRxebi AvjvPbv cm

wjLwQ, gjex dhj Avn&g` gig mvne hyii c_g wkK`i ga
GKRb wkK wQjb| Zuvi myhvM cy nhiZ Avey BDmyd gyeviK Avjx
mvne wkqvjKvUi Djvgv`i ga GK wekl DP vb jvf Kib| wZwb
m`i evRvi gmwR`i Bgvg wQjb| eqAvZ MnYc~eK wZwb wmjwmjvq
cek Kib| nhiZ gjex Ave`yj Kixg mvne wkqvjKvUx
wkqvjKvUi gki LwZe Ges Bmjvgx MqiZi gyZ cZxK wQjb| wZwb
c~eB nhiZ AvK`vmi `vwe ^xKvi KiQb| nhiZ nvKxg gxi mvgywb
mvnei ewZi cwiPq `qv AbvekK| GB wZbRb eyRyMi KviYI
wkqvjKvUevmx Zuvi cwZ wekl kvkxj wQjb| nhiZ nvKxg mvnei
mKj cwievi wmj&wmjvq cek Kib| hyi wkqvjKvU AevbKvj Zuviv
wekl L`gZ Kivi cig mfvM jvf Kib|
nhiZ Wvvi gxi gynv` BmgvCj mvne eYbv Kib, gxi nvg` kvn&
mvne wkqvjKvUx nhiZ AvK`vmi gmxwnqZi `vwei iZB eqAvZ
MnY KiwQjb| wKy Zvi wcZv nvwKg gxi mvgywb mvne GKRb
DPvwfgvbx ew wQjb| wZwb fvj GZKv` (Avv) cvlY KiZb| wKy
eqAvZ `vwLj nZb bv| wZwb nhiZ gmxn& gvID` AvjvBnm& mvjvg Gi
Pq eqvR Ges wkqvjKvU PvKwii mgqKvi ez wQjb| gxi nvg`
kvn& mvne memgq ZuvK eqAvZ Kivi Rb ejZb| wKy wZwb Gwoq
hZb| Zuvi eoB AvZ-Mie eva wQj| GKevi kvn& mvne ZuvK
Kvw`qvb wbq wMqwQjb| e-zeveiv mevB Rvi w`jb wZwb me wKQy
eySb| AZGe, eqAvZ MnY Kib| hv nvK, wZwb ivwR njb| wKy
ejjb, wZwbB GK aibi gvbyl| jvKRbi mvgb wZwb eqAvZ MnY
Kieb bv| Mvcb Zuvi eqAvZ bqv nvK| gxi nvg` kvn& mvne GwUK
wekl Hkx Kcv gb Kijb| wZwb nhiZ AvK`vmK Abyiva Kij,
hyi gyi Kijb Ges wbRb Zuvi eqAvZ MnY Kijb|1

gjex gynv` mvqb evUvjexi wkqvjKvU AvMgb :

gjex gynv` mvqb evUvjex mvneI Zvi MwnZ Awfcvq PwiZv_i
Dk, wkqvjKvU DcwZ njb| wKy wZwb ZLb cuQjb, hLb hyi
(1) wmivZzj-gvn`x, ZZxq L, 257-258 c:|

156

nvqvZ ZvBqev

wdi Avgvi BQv cvlY Kib| gjex mvne jywaqvbvq Zuvi civRqi
cwZkva bqvi Dk wKQy ewK nhiZ AvK`vmi KvQ gyevnvmvi
evZv w`q cvVvjb| hviv GB cqMvg wbq DcwZ nb, Zv`i ga ivR^
wefvMi DPc` KgPvix kq kL Mvjvg nvq`vi mvneI wQjb|
Zv`i mvgb jywaqvbvi gyevnvmv Ges w`jxi NUbvejx DjL Ki nhiZ
AvK`vm ejjb, GLb Zv gjex mvne Zuvi Ici Kzdii dZvqv
w`qQb| GLb gybvhvivq jvf wK? GLb gjex mvnei KZe KziAvb
Kixgi wb`wkZ gvcKvwV Abyhvqx Avmgvbx dqmvjvi Rb Zvi
mvnvhKvix Djvgvi RvgvAvZmn gq`vb DcwZ nIqv| Zvici `Lyb
Hkx mvnvh I Avmgvbx wb`kb Kvi m `q| hyi AviI ejjb, hw`
Avwg wg_vev`x ev f nq _vwK, Ze Lv`vZvAvjv wbRB AvgvK asm
Kieb| wKy Avwg mZev`x nq _vKj, GB me Djvgviv Zuv`i
gbvevmbv c~Y KiZ e_ neb| Avjvn& ZvAvjv cwZ c`c Avgvi
mvnvh Kieb Ges weki KvY KvY Avgvi mZZv cKvwkZ Kieb|

Kcyi_jv mdi :
Kcyi_jvi ez`i mv_ hyi AvK`vmi wekl cKvii GKv m^ wQjeis ejv DwPZ, Zviv Zvi wd`vn& wQjb| nhiZ AvK`vm jvnvi Aevbi
mgqI Zviv Kvb cwZwbwa cvwVq hyii KvQ _K Kcyi_jv hvIqvi
Iqv`v MnY Kib| BwZc~e Aviv `y evi nhiZ AvK`vm Kcyi_jv
wMqwQjb| Gevi Kcyi_jv hvvq jvK`i AvPiY c~e _K wfb `Lv
w`j| Gevi mvgvb weivwaZv njv| gjex gynv` mvqb evUvjex
mvne e`-`vqvbvgv wkivbvg GKwU Bk&Znvi mLvbKvi gjex`i
KvQ ciY Kib| IB BkZnvi nhiZ AvK`vmi KvQ cuQvj hyi
`Ljb, GZ gyevnvmvi PvjI AvQ| hyi ejjb, G ew jywaqvbv
gyevnvmvi AbyZvc gyQevi Rb G mg Pvj PvjQ| Avm&gvbx dqmvjvi
w`K Avmb bv Kb?

Kcyi_jvi RvgvZi weklZ :

GLvb AcvmwK ne bv, hw` Kcyi_jvi RvgvZi Kvb Kvb ``xcgvb
weklZi K_v AvjvPbv Kiv nq| GB RvgvZ hyii cg-Zuvi Gk&K
wejxb wQjv| Gu`i KzievbxI AZzjbxq wQj| GB RvgvZiB m^

nvqvZ ZvBqev

157

nhiZ AvK`vm wjwLZfve mymsev` w`qwQjb :

Kcyi_jvi RvgvZ cw_exZI Avgvi m AvQ Ges wKqvgZI (ev
RvbvZI) Avgvi m _vKe|1
AwaK bv njI GB RvgvZi AZ: `yBRb eyRyM A_vr, nhiZ gybwk
Rvdi Avng` mvne Ges nhiZ gybwk Avivov Luv mvnei AvwiKZv I
cgi GKwU NUbv cvVK`i mvgb DcwZ bv Ki cviwQ bv|
jvqjcyii Avn&g`xqv RvgvZi Avgxi, GWfvKU Rbve kL gynv`
Avng` mvnei gnvgvb wcZv nhiZ gybwk Rvdi Avn&g` mvne ivwh
Avjv Avb& ejb :
GKevi hyi jywaqvbvq wQjb| Avwg Zvi L`gZ nvwRi njvg| hyi
ejjb, Avcbv`i RvgvZ wK GKwU BkZnvii LiP lvU UvKv enb
KiZ cvie? Avwg wbe`b Kijvg cvie Ges Kcyi_jv Gm Avgvi
xi ^Yi Pzwo wew Kijvg| RvgvZi ez`i ga KvDK wKQy ejjvg
bv| lvU UvKv wbq Avwg `Z Mjvg|2 jywaqvbvq cuQ hyii L`gZ
Zv nvwRi Kijvg| KqKw`b ci, gybwk gynv` Avivov mvneI jywaqvbv
cuQjb| Avwg mLvbB wQjvg| Zuvi KvQ nhiZ AvK`vm ejjb,
Avcbv`i RvgvZ eoB Dg cwiwwZZ mvnvh KiQb| gybwk Avivov
mvne ejjb wZwb ev RvgvAvZi KD wKQy Rvbb bv| ZLb gybwk mvne
gig RvbZ cvijb Avwg (A_vr, Rvdi Avng`) IB UvKv ay wbRi
KvQ _K Dcw&Z KiwQjvg| GZ gybwk mvne Avgvi cwZ eoB Amy
njb Ges hyii KvQ AviR Kijb, Avgv`iK bv Rvwbq Bwb
Avgv`i mv_ NviZi Abvq KiQb| gybwk Avivov Luv mvneK hyi
ejjb, L`gZ Kivi e myhvM DcwZ ne| Avcwb Awi neb bv|
Zvici _K, gybwk mvne `xNKvjevcx Avgvi cwZ Amy wQjb|3
GLb nhiZ gybwk Avivov Luv mvnei Gk&K- Zuvi cgi welq byb|
nhiZ AvK`vm LwjdvZzj gmxn& mvbx AvBq`vjv ebvm&wiwnj Avhxh
Zuvi Lyrevq eevi ejQb, nhiZ gmxn& gvID` AvjvBnm& mvjvZz Iqvm&
mvjvgi L`gZ wKQy ^Y DcwZ Kivi GKv AvMn gybwk Avivov Luv
(1) nvqvZ Avng`, ZZxq L, 225 c:|
(2) gvbbxq kL gynv` Avng` mvne ghnvi ejb h, Zvi Iqvj` mvne GB
kjvB eenvi KiwQjb|
(3) nvqvZ Avng`, ZZxq L, 223 c:|

158

nvqvZ ZvBqev

mvnei wQj| Zuvi eZb wQj A| GRb nhiZ AvK`vmi Rxekvq

GB AvMn c~Y KiZ cvibwb| hyii gZzi ci GKevi wZwb wKQy ^Y
gy`v wbq DcwZ nq Kvu`Z Kvu`Z ejjb, AvRxeb wZwb nhiZ
AvK`vmi L`gZ wKQy ^Y ck Kivi Pv KiwQjb, wKy w`Z
cvibwb| GLb Avkivwd Zv cqQb, wKy hyi Zv BnRMZ Avi
bB| GLb wZwb Aweivg Kuv`Z jvMjb| GZ AwaK Kvu`jb h, nuPwK
AvmZ jvMjv| Avjvn&, Avjvn&, wK Bk&K-wK cg! nvq, hw` Zvi cieZx
eskaii gaI GB cKvi `v Kvqg _vK|

Rji mdi :
Kcyi_jvq `yB mvn Aevbi ci hyi Rji hvIqvi m Kijb| Rji
ZLb fxlY weivwaZv PjwQj| GB Rb hyi GB knii Awaevmx`i KvQ
mZi evZv bv cuwQq wdi hZ PvBjb bv| hyi Rji cuQ Avcb
KvR wbgM njb| Kvb Kvb ew cywjk mycvii KvQ wMq AwfhvM
Kij, GKRb gmxwnqZi `vweKvix Kvw`qvb _K Gm jvKi ga eoB
Rvimvi cPvi KiQ| ZuvK evav bv w`j kni Mvjgvj nIqvi Avkv
AvQ| ZuvK kni _K Pj hvIqvi Av`k Kiv nvK| cywjk mycvi GKRb
BsiR wQjb| wZwb AwfhvM m^ Abymvb Kivi Rb hyii evmvq
DcwZ njb Ges Rji Avmvi KviY wRvmv Kijb| hyi GB wRvmvi
Reve GKwU `xN eZv w`jb| eZv b wegvwnZ nq cywjk mycvi Zuvi
gyLi w`K ZvKvjb Ges eZvi kl GB ej mvjvg Ki Pj Mjb, hZ
w`b BQv GLvb _vKzb, KD Kvb Mvjgvj KiZ cvie bv|1

jywaqvbv mdi :
Rji wZwb evi wK Zi w`b Aevb KiwQjb| mLvb _K jywaqvbvq
hvv Kib| mLvb wZwb wbkvb Avm&gvbx cyK iPbv Kib| Gi Aci
bvg kvnv`vZzj&-gyj&nvgxb| Zvici, Kvw`qvb wdi hvb| 1892 mvji 26
g GB wimvjvn cKvwkZ nq| Gi ga wZwb Zuvi `vwei mg_b DZi
AvIwjqv`i Kvk&d I Bjnvgmg~n wbq AvjvPbv Kib|
(1) nvqvZ Avng`, ZZxq L, 228 c:|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

159

mdijvi dj :
(1) GB me mdii viv hyi AvK`vmi wgkb AvRxgykkvb dj jvf
Kijv| jywaqvbv I w`jx mdii dj gjex gynv` mvqb evUvjex
Ges mq` bwhi mvqb mvnei m DRbvq `yBk gjex Zvi Ici
Kzdii dZvqv cqvM Ki| Zv`i GB dZvqvi cPvi Ges
weivwaZvg~jK eZv hyi AvK`vmi `vwe `ki GK cv _K Ab
cv cQ w`jv|
(2) KziAvbi evYx 1

Avc, Avgvi ev`v`i cwZ! h imyjB Zv`i ga GmQb, Zuvi cwZ

Zviv nvwm I we`cvZK AvPiY KiQ| GB wPivPwiZ ixwZ Abymvi
RbmvaviYi nvvgv, wPrKvi, Mvjgvj mw I MvwjMvjvR _K GUvB
cgvwYZ njv, Zuvi cwZI h Ggb eenvi Kiv nqwQj, Zv Avjvn&
ZvAvjvi wPib weavb AbymviB nqwQjv Ges Zuvi cwiZ I cZvw`
nIqvi `vwe evweKB mZ|
(3) GB me mdii mgq `ki Kvb Kvb gZvkvjx ew, hvuiv Zuv`i
ZvK&Iqv-ZvnviZ, cweZv I cyYkxjZvi Rb weLvZ wQjb-Zuvi KvQ
eqAvZ MnYi mfvM jvf Kib| GBfve GB me mdii gvag
AbK RvgvZ Kvqg nq|
(4) nvRvi nvRvi ew Zuvi `kb jvf Kij Ges Zuvi cwe gyL _K Zuvi
`vwei `wjj mg~n bj|

mZv^lYKvix`i Rb invbx ZejxM :

BwZc~e Ici Avgiv eYbv KiwQ, hyi Zuvi `vwe m^ RbmgvRK
AewnZ Kivi Rb gwLK eZv c`vb Kib, BkZnvi cKvk Kib,
gybvhviv I gvKvejv Kib, Avm&gvbx dqmvjvi Rb Avn&evb Kib Ges
DZi AvDwjqv I gyjnvg`i mvmg~nI Zuvi mZZvi cgvY^ic
Dcvcb Kib| GQvovI, Ggb GKwU wggvsmvi cvI wZwb ck Kijb,
hv cwe `qi AwaKvix`i Rb AwaKZi jvfRbK nZ cvi| Zvnjv
(1) myivn Bqvmxb, iK 2|

160

nvqvZ ZvBqev

GLvivi gvag mvRvmywR Lv`v ZvAvjv _K hyii `vwei mZZv

mK vb jvf Kiv| hyi ejb :
GLvb GUvI ZejxM ic wjLwQ, mZv^lYKvixiv, hvuiv Lv`v ZvAvjvi
wRvmvK fq Kib, Zuviv Zn&KxK bv Ki GB Rvgvbvi gjex`i KvQ
hveb bv| AvLix Rvgvbvi gjex`i m^ cqM^i Lv`v mvjvjv
AvjvBn Iqvmvjvg hgb fqi wb`kb DcwZ KiQb, ZgbB fq
KiZ _vKeb Ges Zv`i dZvqvjv `L Awi neb bv| KviY, GB
dZvqv Kvb Awfbe ey bq| hw` GB AagK m`n Kib, ev h `vwe
GB Aag KiwQ, mB m^ gb m`n DcwZ nq, Ze Avwg GKwU
mnR Dcvq m`n `~i Kivi ^v_ ejwQ, hvi gvag GKRb cKZ
mZv^lYKvix Bb&kvAvjvn& mvbv jvf KiZ cvib Ges Zvnjv GB :
c_gZ:, ZvIev bmynv Ki ivZ `yB ivKvAvZ bdj bvgvh coeb| c_g
ivKvAvZ myiv Bqvmxb Ges wZxq ivKvAvZ GKzk evi myiv BLjvm cvV
Kieb| Zvici, wZbk evi `i` kixd Ges wZbk evi BMdvi cvV
Ki Lv`v ZvAvjvi KvQ `vqv Kieb, n Kvw`i Kixg, mekwgvb,
`qvjy Lv`v! Zzwg welq Rvb| Avwg Rvwb bv| gi`y` wg_vev`x f,
wKsev mZev`x KD Zvgvi `w _K AvZMvcb Ki _vKZ cvi bv|
myZivs, Avwg wgbwZ Kwi, GB h ew cwZkZ gmxn& gvn&`x Ges Rgvbvi
Bgvg nIqvi `vwe KiQbZuvi Aev wK? wZwb wK mZev`x, bv wg_vev`x?
gKeyj, bv gi`y`? Zvgvi `iMvn MnxZ, bv cwiZ? Zvgvi AbyMni
viv GB Aev ^c, Kvk&d ev Bj&nvg viv Avgvi KvQ cKvwkZ Ki, hvZ
hw` m wg_v nq _vK ZvK MnY Ki givn& bv nB Ges gKeyj nq
_vKj Ges Zvgvi c _K nq _vKj, ZvuK A^xKvi Ki Ges Zuvi
Aegvbbv Ki hb asm bv nB| Avgv`iK me cKvi wdrbv I Akvw
_K iv Ki| hveZxq kw ZvgviB| Avwgb!
GB BLviv AZ: `yB mvn Kieb| wKy Dy gb wbq| KviY,
wnsmv Ges KzaviYvi ekeZx ew hw` IB ewi Aev RvbZ
PvqhvK m AZ g` ej vb Ki, Ze kqZvb DcwZ nq Zvi
`q AevbiZ AKvi Abyhvqx wbR _K Aviv AKvivQb fveaviv
Zvi `q D`K Ki| GBfve Zvi Aev c~evcvI AwaKZi kvPbxq
nq co| myZivs, hw` Avcwb Avjvn ZvAvjvi KvQ _K Kvb Lei
RvbZ Pvb, Ze wnsmv I kZv Avcbvi `q _K m~Yfve `~ixf~Z

nvqvZ ZvBqev

161

Kib Ges me cKvi KzaviYv _K gbK cwivi Ki - wnsmv I cg

Dfq w`K _KB c_K nq Zuvi KvQ n`vqvZi Avjv cv_x nvb|
wbqB wZwb Zuvi cwZkwZ Abymvi Zuvi KvQ _K Avjv AeZxY Kieb|
GZ bvdmvbx ev cewg~jK Kvb avuqv _vKe bv|
myZivs, n mZv^lYKvix! GB me gjex`i K_vq coeb bv! DVzb,
wKQy gyRvnv`v viv mB mekwgvb, cig c_c`kKi KvQ mvnvhcv_x
nvb| `Lyb, Avwg GLb GB invbx ZejxMI Kijvg| fwelr Avcbv`i
BQvaxb| h n`vqZ cvjb Ki Zvi Ici kvw ewlZ nvK- Iqvm&mvjvgy Avjv gvwbZ& ZvevAvj&-`v| cPviK- Mvjvg Avn&g`, Avdv
Avb&|1

nhiZ gjex Ave`yj Kixg mvnei wnRiZ :

nhiZ gjex Ave`yj Kixg mvne wkqvjKvUx cvqB nhiZ AvK`vmi
L`gZ nvwRi nZb| wKy 1892 mvji kl fvM wZwb Rfwg
wkqvjKvU _K wnRiZ Ki vqxfve Kvw`qvb AvMgb Kib| nhiZ
gjex mvne e m`&Yi AwaKvix wQjb| E`y, dviwm I Aviwe GB wZb
fvlvq Zuvi ay eyrcwB wQj bv, GB wZb fvlvZB gvZfvlvi bvq eZv
Kivi gZ cyivcywi `ZvI Zuvi wQj| BsiwR fvlvZI Zuvi h_ `Lj
wQj| KziAvb Kixg Ggb myK cvV KiZb, Agymjgvb cw_KI Zuvi
wPvKlK jwjZK kvbvi Rb `uvwoq hZ| KziAvb Kixgi AwbwnZ
vb I AvavwZK Zmg~n eYbvq Zuvi bcyY wQj AmvaviY| agi cwZ
Zuvi wekl ghv`veva wQj| jLv I eZv Dfq evcviB mywbcyY wQjb|
AwZkq gayi A_P ewj K^i wQj| nhiZ gmxn gvID` Zvui cwZ
GKv Abyi wQjb| nhiZ AvK`vmi Kvb Kvb wKZve dviwm fvlvq
Abyev` Kivi mfvMI wZwb jvf Kib| `v ^ic, AvqbvqKvgvjvZ Bmjvgi Aviwe Aski dviwmZ AvZZejxM Abyev` wZwbB
KiwQjb| E`y AvBqvgym myjvn& dviwmZ Abyev` wZwbB KiQb| e
Rjmvq nhiZ AvK`vmi wjwLZ ee wZwb cvV Kivi myhvM jvf
KiwQjb| jvnvii weLvZ agxq meag mjb nhiZ AvK`vmi
eZv hv ag msv gwjK cuvPwU cki Di ^ic wjwLZ nqwQj Ges
(1) wbkvb Avmgvbx,wiqvh wn` cm, AgZmi gyw`Z 38-41 c:|

162

nvqvZ ZvBqev

Bmjvgx Imyj wK wdjmwd bvg cwmw jvf KiQ, wZwbB IB ce cvV

Ki wbqwQjb| Zuvi ^fve cilfve c~Ygvvq cwizU wQj| AvRxeb
RvgvAvZi Bgvgym& mvjvZ I LZxe wQjb| Avjvn& ZvAvjv Bjnvg viv
ZuvK
gymjgvb`i bZv ej AwfwnZ KiQ|

1892 mvji iwPZ Mvejx :

(1) wbkvb-Avmgvbx cYqb I cKvk| GB wKZvei welqvejxi iZ
c~eeZx cvi eYbv _KB eySv hvq|
(2) Avqbvq-KvgvjvZ-Bm&jvg cYqb i nq|

1892 mvji Rjmv mvjvbv :

1892 mvjI `ki GK cv _K Aci cv ch Zuvi wei Zzgyj
weivwaZv PjZ _vK| wKy Zuvi wkl`i msLv Lv`v ZvAvjvi dhj
w`b w`b evoZ _vK| dj 1892 mvji mvjvbv Rjmvq 327 (wZbk
mvZvk) Rb ez hvM`vb Kib| nhiZ AvK`vm QvovI GB Rjmvq nhiZ
nvwKg nvdR gjvbv b~ixb mvne eZv Kib| mB mgq B`vwbs
Kvji gZ gRwjm gkvIiZ ev Avngw`qv civgk mfv mjb c_K
ZvwiL nZ bv| h Rb DcwZ agxq cqvRbjv wbevni Rb GK
cKvi civgk mfvI Rjmvi w`bjvZB AbywZ nZ| 1892 mvji
28k wWm^i ZvwiL BDivc I AvgwiKvi cwZ agxq mnvbyfwZ cKvk
Ki wbwjwLZ cvejv MnxZ njv :
Bmjvgi cavb cavb Riwi welq I Bmjvgi AvKvq`jvi AvjvKvj
Pnviv hwKfve c`kbv_ GKwU cyK
iPbv I gy`Y Ki BDivc I
AvgwiKvq Gi e Kwc ciY Kiv nvK| Zvici, Kvw`qvb wbR^ QvcvLvbv
vcbi cv e DvwcZ njv| IB me wewk Avng`x`i GKwU ZvwjKv
Dcvcb Kiv njv, hvuiv GB cm vcbi Dk A_ mvnvh cvVvZ
_vKeb| GB wmvI MnxZ njv h, nhiZ gjex mq` gynv` Avn&mvb
mvne Avginx GB wmjwmjvi Iqvqh wbhy neb Ges cvve I AvheZi
mdi Kieb| Zvici gj Kvgbvc~eK
`vqv Kiv njv|1
(1) 1892 mvji mvjvbv Rjmvi wicvU, Avqbvq KvgvjvZ Bmjvg nZ MnxZ|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

163

1892 mvji mvjvbv Rjmvq nhiZ gxi bvmi bIqve mvnei hvM`vb :
nhiZ gxi bvmi bIqve mvne G hveZ cyivcywifve wmjwmjvi mv_
mshy nbwb| wZwb eis Kvb Kvb welq mw`nvb wQjb| Rjmvq
hvMv`bi Rb ZuvK nhiZ AvK`vm chvM AvgY Rvbvb| Gi dj,
Lv`v ZvAvjvi AbyMn Zuvi hveZxq m`n `~ixfZ njv Ges m`n gy
nq we wP hyii KvQ eqAvZ MnY Kijb|1

Avqbvq KvgvjvZ Bmjvg cKvk, deqvwi 1893 mvj :

nhiZ AvK`vm wewfb mdi jvK`i KvQ Iqv`v Kib h, kxNB wZwb
`vd-Dj& Iqvm&Iqvm& bvgK GKwU cyK wjLeb Ges GZ IB mg
Avcwi Reve `qv ne, hv ^eyw, msKxYPZv Bmjvgi `vwe`viiv Zuvi
wei KiwQj| GB cwZkwZ c~Y Kivi Rb hyi 1892 mvji klw`K
GB cyK cYqb i Kib Ges 1893 mvji deqvwi gvm Zv cKvwkZ
nq| GB cyK Bmjvgi m`h Ges KziAvb Kixgi gvnv ewYZ
nqwQj ej Zv m~Y cZ nIqvi ci Gi bvg hyi ivLjb Avqbvq
KvgvjvZ Bmjvg, hw`I Gi Aci bvg `vd-Dj&-Iqvm&Iqvm&I _vKjv|
GB cyKi NvlYv_ hyi 1892 mvji 10 AvM GKwU BkZnvi
cKvk Kib| GB Bk&Znvi cyKi welqeyi myweZ cwiwPwZ `vbi
ci hyi wjLb :
eyZ: GB cyK Hme `yjf Ges AwZkq m~ MelYv iqQ, hv cwZwU
gymjgvb mvbi Rb GKv cqvRbxq Ges eZgvb mgqKvji AvavwZK
welywPKvi h welv RxevYy RMZK asm Ki PjQ, Zv _K iv Kivi
Rb GB wKZvewU AvivM`vwqbx myav ^ic| GB wKZve gvbe `qi
evBii Ges fZii Dfq cKvi weceiB mskvab Kie ej hZUzKz
Avgvi aviYvAvwg wbwZfve cZq ivwL h GB cyK Bmjvg, KziAvb
Kixg Ges nhiZ mq`bv I gvIjvbv LvZvgyj Avw^qv mvjvjv AvjvBn
Iqvmvjvgi KjvYmg~n weki KvQ cKvki GKwU DrK Avwkm mg
Dcvq eU|2
(1) weZ Rvbvi Rb nvqvZ-bvmi Ges Avqbvq-KvgvjvZ Bmjvg `e|
(2) ZejxM wimvjZ, wZxq L, 116 c:|

164

nvqvZ ZvBqev

GB cyK cYqb `yBevi im~jyjvn& mvjvjv AvjvBn

Iqvmvjvgi wRqviZ :
GB cyK GZB eiKZgq I Avwkmhy Zv cgvYi AvekKZv bB| G
cm hyi ejb h :
GB cyK cYqbi mgq Avwg `yevi imyjyjvn mvjvjv AvjvBn
Iqvmvjvgi wRqviZ (`kb) cv nB Ges wZwb GB cyK cYqb AZ
cxwZ c`kb Kib| GK ivZ GUvI `LwQ h GKRb dikZv DP^i
jvK`iK GB cyKi w`K Avn&evb Ki ejQb A_vr, GB cyK KjvYgq, Gi mvbv_ `uvovI|1

AvZ-Zve&jxM :
GB cyKi mv_ nhiZ gjex Avyj Kixg mvne wkqvjKvUx Zvn&ixK
Kivq hyi Bmjvgi AvavwZK m`vq- dwKi I cxiRv`v`i cwZ
Avn&evb Kib Ges Zv`i Rb Brgvg Zi Dk GKwU c cKvk
Kib| c_gZ: cwU E`yZ jLvi Lqvj hyii wQj| wKy Kvb Kvb
Bjnvg-mZ _K Rvbv Mj h, GB c AviweZ iwPZ nIqv DwPZ
Ges GZ Bjnvg njv h, GB me ewi Ici Gi mvgvbB wqv
cKvwkZ ne| Ze, Brgvg r ev cwZhvwMZvg~jK cej m~wYK
hyw `vbi Kvh mvw`Z ne| GZ hyi mB c wjLjb| Zv AvZ&Zve&jxM bvg Avqbvq KvgvjvZ Bm&jvgi mv_ mshvwRZ njv|
cyKi GB Ask Aviwe fvlvq nhiZ AvK`vmi mec_g iPbv| c` I
M` Dfq cKvi iPbv wbq GB gnvZ wewk cyKwU cKvwkZ njv|

gnvivYx wfvwiqvK Bmjvgi cwZ Avn&evb :

dwKi Ges gvkvqL`iK Brgvg r Kivi m m hyi gnvivYx
wfvwiqvKI AviweZ GKwU ZewjMx c wjLjb| GB c gnvivYxK
Bmjvg MnY Kivi Rb Avn&evb Rvbvbv nq| gnvivYx e abev`mn GB
(1) whwggv, Avqbvq KvgjvZ Bmjvg, c_g msiY, 4 c:|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

165

ci cvw ^xKvi Kib Ges nhiZ AvK`vmi Aviv Mvejx Pq

cvVvb|

cv`x`i DM :
Avjvn&i gwngv GB mgqB Bsjvi cv`x gnjI Pvji mw njv|
wLvb agi wei fviZel DwZ GB AfZc~e Av`vjbi cwZ wekl
`w `qvi cqvRbxqZv AbyfZ njv| KviY GB Av`vjbi ceZK
hfve BmjvgK ck Kib, ZvZ wLvb ag-KZviv gnvwec`i AvksKv
KiZ jvMjb| 1894 mvj jb cv`xiv GKwU wek Kbdvi Avnvb
Kijb| GB Kbdvi Mvmvii jW wekc ifvi Pvjm Rvb
GwKKvU Mfxi DM cKvk Ki ejjb :
Bmjvg GK cKvi beRvMiYi Avwefve NUQ| Awf ewiv AvgvK
ejQb, ewUk kvwmZ fviZ Avgv`i mvgb GK cKvi bZzb Bmjvgx
Afyvb i nqQ| GB xccyI Kv_vI Kv_vI Gi cwZwqv
cwijwZ nQ| GB RvMiY IB mKj Awfbe welqeyi fxlY weivax,
hjvi Ici wfw Ki Avgiv gynv`i (mvjvjv AvjvBn Iqv mvjvg)
agK NYv Kwi| GB bZzb Bmjvgi dj gynv` (mvjvjv AvjvBn
Iqvmvjvg) Avevi mB cv_wgK mgqKvi Mie ARb KiQb| GB me
bZzb cwieZb mnRB aiZ cviv hvq| Zvici, GB bZzb Bmjvg ay
iYg~jKB bq AvgYvKI eU| eoB `y:Li welq, Avgv`i Kviv Kviv
gb GB Bmjvgi cwZ AvK nQ|1
Mvmii jW wekc Zuvi eZvq Avkv cKvk Kib h, wbqB nhiZ
AvK`vmi cyK Bhvjvq AvInvg, Avqbvq KvgvjvZ Bmjvg Ges
DwjwLZ wLvb wgkbvix wek Kbdvii cvvj cKvwkZ 1893 mvj
AgZmi AbywZ gyevnvmvi KvhweeiYx R gyKvvm,- (kxNB hvi
AvjvPbv Kiv ne) cvVi dj eywgvb wLvb gvB Abyic Avkvi
D`K nIqv ^vfvweK| KviY, GB me cyK gmxn&i gZz NvwlZ nIqvq
gmxn&i CkiZ, gmxn&i Cki-cyZ, wZev` Ges cvqwev` m~Yfve
LwZ nq| Zvici, GB cyKjvZ Bmjvgi cKZ we ic GgbB
mymvKvi ewYZ nqQ h, ZvZ Agymjgvb mgvjvPK`i hywmZ
(1) cv`x`i Kbdvibm Awdwmqvj wicvU, 1894 mvj, 64 c:|

166

nvqvZ ZvBqev

Avcw Kivi KvbB KviY bB| mwZ K_v, hw` cvPwe`iv

bvqcivqYfve nhiZ AvK`vmi c`wkZ Bmjvg cvV Kib, Ze Bmjvg
MnY eZxZ Zuv`i Kviv MZi _vK bv|

nhiZ mvneRv`v wghv ekxi Avng` mvnei Rb, 20k Gwcj

1893 mvj :
1893 mvji 20 Gwcj, nhiZ AvK`vmi GK cy nhiZ mvneRv`v
wghv ekxi Avn&g` mvne (mvjvgv ivey) RMnY Kib| nhiZ
mvneRv`v mvnei Ri Pvi gvm AvM nhiZ AvK`vm AvjvBnm&
mvjvg Avjvn ZvAvjvi GB Bjnvgjv fwelvYx ^ic cKvk Kib :

A_vr, bex`i Puv` AvmQ Ges Zvgvi KvR ne| Avjvn& ZvAvjv Zvgvi
gyLgj Avb` c~Y Kieb Ges Zvgvi hywmg~nK AvjvKgvjvq
mykvwfZ Kieb| kxNB Zvgvi GKcy RMnY Kie Ges dhj (wekl
AbyMn) Zvgvi wbKUeZx ne| AekB Avgvi AvjvK mwbKU|1

gjex gynv` mvqb mvne evUvjexK Aviv GKwU vbg~jK

I AvavwZK gvKvejvi Rb Avn&evb :
BwZc~e ejv nqQ, nhiZ AvK`vm Bmjvgi AvavwZKZv msiYi
`vwe`vi cxi dwKi mvnevbi Ici Brgvg Zi Rb Aviwe fvlvq
AvZ-ZvejxM kxivbvg GKwU c cKvk Kib| gjex gynv` mvqb
mvne evUvjex GB c cq Zvui vbi MfxiZv cKvkv_ GB wPwVK
GKwU e_v evR wRwbm ej wb`k Kijb| Zuvi BkvAvZzm& mybvn&
cwKvq wZwb nhiZ AvK`vmK Aviex we`vk~b, KziAvbi vb m^
AcwiwPZ Ges bvDhy wejvn& wgb& hvjKv `vvj, Kvh&hve ej
wbaviY Kijb| nhiZ AvK`vm Zv mZi cPvii Rb me`v myhvMi
Acv KiZb| wZwb ZrYvr GKwU Bk&Znvi cKvk Ki gjex
mvneK Aviwe fvlvq cwZhvwMZvc~eK Zdmxi wjLvi Rb Avn&evb
(1) Avqbvq KvgvjvZ Bmjvg, 266-67 c:, wZiqvKzj-Kzje, bhyjyj gwmn

168

nvqvZ ZvBqev

Kijb Ges fvlv vb cwZhvwMZv ^ic Auv-nhiZ mvjvjv AvjvBn Iqv

mvjvgi ghv`v welqK GKwU dwmn& I ejxM Kvwm`v jLvi Rb Avnvb
Ki NvlYv Kijb, hw` gjex gynv` mvqb mvne KziAvb Kixgi
m~Z eYbv, dwmn& ejxM Aviwe jLv Ges bvZ KweZv iPbvq
wePviK`i gZ Zuvi Ici cvavb jvf Kib, ev Zuvi mgK nb, Ze
wZwb ZrYvr Zuvi Abvq ^xKvi Kieb Ges Zuvi iwPZ Mjv cywoq
djeb| wKy hw` gjex mvne Zuvi mv_ cwZhvwMZv KiZ Ag nb,
Ze Zuvi KZe ne Zuvi cyKjv cyo dj nhiZ AvK`vmi nvZ
eqAvZ Kiv|1
nhiZ AvK`vmi GB BkZnvii Di gjex gynv` mvqb evUvjex
mvne hw`I gnvvb Mie cKvkc~eK wjLjb wZwb cZK welq Zuvi
mv_ cwZhvwMZv KiZ cyZ, KvhZ: Kvb welqB gvKvejvi Rb
gq`vb DcwZ njb bv Ges hyii gZz ch cZK invbx I Bj&gx,
vbi I AvavwZK cwZwU cwZhvwMZvi B cjvqb KiZ jvMjb|

Agymjgvb`iK gyevnvmvi Avnvb :

cKvk _vK GB agxq gvKvejv nhiZ AvK`vm ay gymjgvb`i mv_
Kibwb| gymjgvb`i ag-wekvm, Zv`i AvPvi-AvPiYI c_vi
mskvabv_ Zv wZwb AvMgb KiQbB-Zuvi AvMgbi Avi GKwU AbZg
Dk wQj Agymjgvb`i KvQ Bmjvgi m`hivwR cKvkc~eK
Zv`iK Bmjvgi cwZ Avnvb Kiv| myZivs, gymjgvb Djvgv`i v
aviYvmg~n `~ixfZ Kivi mv_ mv_ GB DkwUi cwZI me`v Zvi `w
wbe _vKZv| wLvb I Avh mgvRx`i m gvKvejvi m^ Avgiv
BwZc~e AvjvPbv KiwQ| evivnxb Avng`xqv cKvki c~eI wZwb Aci
agi `kbmg~ni Lb e g~jevb ce wjwce Kib| Zv`i gnvwe
cavb`i m gyevnvmv KiQb| Zv`iK wb`kb c`kbv_ m`v cZ
wQjb| wKy Zviv wggvsmvi Kvb cvB Aej^b Kibwb| GLb kl
cwZhvwMZvi Rb kl Avnevb Ki Zv`i Dk ejb :
GLb, AewnZ nvb| Lv`v ZvAvjvi dhj Avgvi Aev GB h, Avwg
(1) 1893 mvji 20 k gvPi, BkZnvii mvigg|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

169

ay BmjvgKB mZ ag ej Rvwb Ges Ab agjvK e_v I AvMvMvov

cZviYv ej gb Kwi| Avwg `LwQ, Bmjvg cvjbi dj Avgvi ga
RvwZi Drm cevwnZ nQ| ay im~jyjvn& mvjvjv AvjvBn Iqvmvjvgi
cgi dj Avwg Hkx evKvjvc Ges `vqv KeywjqZi mB mevP ghv`v
jvf KiwQ, hv mZ bexi AbyewZZv Qvov Ab KD jvf KiZ cvi bv|
hw` wn`y wLvb cfwZ agvej^xiv Zv`i wg_v Dcvm ey ev Rxejvi
KvQ `vqv KiZ KiZ cvYZvM Ki, Zey Zviv mB ghv`v jvf KiZ
cvi bv h Hkx evYxK Abiv KvwbK gb Ki, Avwg Zv keY Ki
_vwK| AvgvK `Lvbv nqQ, Rvbvbv nqQ, eySvbv nqQ h cw_exZ
ay BmjvgB mZ Ges Avgvi KvQ Zv cKvk Kiv nqQ h GB mg
wKQyB nhiZ LvZvg~j Avw^qv mvjvjv AvjvBn Iqvmvjvgi AbyewZZvi
KjvY Zzwg cv nqQ Ges hv cv nqQ, Zvi `v Ab agmg~n bB|
KviY mjv e_v|
GLb hw` Kvb mZv^lx _vK- m wn`y, A_ev wLvb, Avh, B`x, ev,
A_ev Ab hB nvK, Zvi Rb gnvmyhvM DcwZ| m Avgvi mv_
gvKvejvi Rb `vqgvb nvK| hw` m Mvqei (A`k) welqmg~n
cKvk Ges `vqv Keyj nIqvi evcvi Avgvi mv_ cwZhvwMZv KiZ
cvi, Ze Avwg `vwei mv_ ejwQ Avgvi hveZxq vei mwhvi g~j
cvq `k nvRvi UvKv ne- ZvK mgcY Kie, A_ev hfve wZwb Pvb,
mfve wZc~iY Ki ZvK ceva w`e|

weklZ: wLvb`iK m^vab Ki hyi AvK`vm ejjb :

hw` Avcbviv ejb h Avcbviv Avgvi mv_ cwZhvwMZv Kieb bv Ges
wekvwmMYi jYI Avcbv`i ga AbycwZ, Ze Bmjvg MnYi kZ
GK ci Lv`v-ZvAvjvi KvR `Lyb Kib| Avcbv`i ga LvZbvgv,
bZvbxq Ges RvZxq mvwbZ ew`i KZe Zuviv mevB A_ev Zuv`i
Kvb GKRb Avgvi mv_ cwZhvwMZv Kib Ges cwZhvwMZvi gZv bv
_vKj, gvbyli Amva Kvb wqv `kb Cgvb Avbqb KiZt Ges Bmjvg
MnYi AxKvi Ave nq Avgvi KvQ wb`kb `kbi Ave`b Kib
Ges GB AxKviK gymjgvb wn`y, wLvb, cZK agi PviRb Ki A_vr
evivRbi cgvYmn mv m^wjZ gyw`Z BkZnvi cKvk Ki AvgvKI
ciY Kib| Lv`v ZvAvjv gvbyli mvavZxZ Zuvi Kvb Avh gwngv

170

nvqvZ ZvBqev

c`kb Kij Zv`iK Bmjvg MnY KiZ ne Ges MnY bv Kij weK
wb`kb GB ne, Avwg Avgvi gnvgvb Lv`v-ZvAvjvi KvQ cv_bv Kie,
hvZ GK eQii ga Hme ewi Ici Kvb fxlY asmvK Avc`
AeZxY Kib, h_v-Ky, ivM: AZ A_ev gZz| hw` GB cv_bv Keyj bv
nq, ZvnjI me cKvi wZc~iY- hv avh Kiv nqw`Z Avwg eva _vKe|
GB GKB kZ Avh gnv`q`i L`gZI ck Kiv nQ| hw` Zuviv
Zuv`i e`K Lv`v ZvAvjvi evK ej vb Kib Ges Avgv`i cwe
KZve Kvjvgyjvn&K gvbyli DvweZ I HkxevYx ej cPvwiZ wg_v iPbv
gb Kib, Ze Zuviv gvKvejvq DcwZ nvb| gb ivLeb Zuviv
gvKvejvi mgq AZ jvwZ neb| Zvu`i ga bvwKZv Ges
h_QvPvig~jK PvjvwK mevcv AwaK| wKy Lv`vZvAvjv wb`kb c`kb
Kieb h, wZwb AvQb|
hw` cwZhvwMZv bv Kib, Ze GK Zidv wb`kb `Lvi Rb webv kZ
Avgvi KvQ Avmyb| Lv`v-ZvAvjvi c _K Avgvi wb`kb nIqvi c
h_ h, Ggb Avhwhwb Kvb wb`kb `kb Kib- Awej^ gymjgvb bv
nj Avwg Zuvi Rb e` `vqv Kie| Zvici, hw` GK eQii ga wZwb
Kz, AZ, ev gZzi `e wec` viv Avv bv nb Ze me cKvi kvw
fvMi Rb Avwg cyZ AvwQ| Abvb f`jvKi RbI GjvB kZ|
hw` Avgvi cwZ GLbv gbvwbek bv Kib, Ze Lv`v-Zvjvi r
A_vr cwZhvwMZvg~jK Dcvq Lv`v-ZvAvjvi c cej hyw `vb mgv
njv| `ytLi welq, Kvb AgymjgvbB GB gyevnvjvi AvnvbK MnY
Kiwb|

evivKvZz`&-`vqv cYqb, 20 Gwcj 1893 mvj :

fviZeli GKRb cwm DP ghv`vmb gymwjg bZv, AvjxMo
wekwe`vjqi cwZvZv mvi mq` Avn&g` Luv gig GKRb GKv
gymwjg `i`x I myhvM ivRbwZK c_c`kK wQjb| wKy cvZ fve
avivq cfvweZ nq Zvui GB aviYv RwQj h, `vqv GKwU Dcvmbv
gv| GZ RvMwZK Kvb jvf nq bv| Aek ciKvj Gi cyY dj
cvIqv hve| KviY Avgiv AwaKvsk jB `LZ cvB h `vqvi
BQvbyic dj nq bv| GUvI aviYv wQj h, Inx evBi _K Avm

nvqvZ ZvBqev

171

Ggb Kvb wRwbm bq| Zuvi gbi gaB Gi Drcw|

cKvk _vK h, `ywU wekvmB AZ mvsNvwZK I Bmjvgx wkvi GKv
cwicx| GB Rb nhiZ AvK`vm mvi mq` Avng` gigi GB me
gZi wei evivKvZz`& `vqv bvg GKwU z` cyK iPbv Kib| GZ
jLb, mvi mq`i DwjwLZ wekvm Ggb h, hvi gvag mv I mi
cvivwiK m^ GKevi wQb nq hvq| GQvovI, wZwb GB cyK Inxi
^ic m^ Zuvi AwfZv I cheYi w`K _K GKwU wevwiZ ee
wjwce Kib Ges `vqv Keyj nIqv m^ jLivgi gZz mK wZwb
h fwelvYx KiwQjb, `vqv Keyj nIqvi bgybv ^ic Zv DcwZ Ki
ejb :

A_vr, GB h ejQv, `vqvi Kvb KvR nj Kv_vq? `Z Avgvi KvQ

Avm| Avwg ZvgvK w`evjvKi bvq mZ `vqvi wqv c`kb Kie|
mveavb! Lv`vi Acvi gwngvi inmivwR A^xKvi KwiI bv| M Qvo,
gyi nqQ, Ggb `vqvi bgybv Avgvi KvQ Gm `L|1
GB KweZv c`jv m^wjZ welqi wkivbvgvq wjwLZ AvQ
A_vr, Keyj-KZ `vqvi bgybv| KviY, ZLb ch
jLivgi cvY msnvi msv fwelvYx c~Y nqwb|

gjex gynv` mvqb evUvjex m^ GKwU fwelvYx :

hLb gjex gynv` mvqb evUvjex mvne nhiZ AvK`vmi mv_
weivwaZvq mKj weiev`x`i ga AwaKZi AMMvgx| ZLb nhiZ
AvK`vm Zuvi m^ GKwU ^c `Lb :

A_vr, Avwg `Ljvg GB ew (A_vr, gjex gynv` mvqb evUvjex)

(1) evivKvZz`-`vqv|

172

nvqvZ ZvBqev

Zuvi gZzi AvM Avwg h, gywgb G K_v ^xKvi Kieb Ges Zv cgvwYZ
ne h, wZwb Kzdii dZvqv cwiZvM KiQb Ges Zuvi c~evbymZ Kvh
cwZ _K ZIev KiQb| GUv Avgvi ^c| Avwg Avkv Kwi, Avgvi
Lv`v Zv c~Y Kieb|1
nhiZ AvK`vmi GB ^c c~Y nIqvi AvqvRb Avjvn ZvAvjv Gfve c~Y
Kijb h, 1913 mvj RivbIqvjvi c_g kYxi gybmd jvjv
`ewKb`bi Avjv`Z gjex gynv` mvqb evUvjex mvx ^ic
^xKvi Kijb :
GB mejv m`vqB KziAvb gRx`K Lv`vi Kvjvg ej wekvm Ki|
G`i cZKB KziAvbi gZ nvw`mI wekvm Ki| wghv Mvjvg Avn&g`
Kvw`qvbx gmxn& I gvn`x nIqvi `vwei mgq _K mwZ Avn&g`x bvgK
Aviv GKwU m`vq Avwef~Z nqQ| GB m`vqwUI KziAvb I nvw`m
IB fveB wekvm Ki| DcivwjwLZ Kvb m`vqKB Avgv`i m`vq
GKevi Kvdi ej bv|2
Avhi welq GB gjex gynv` mvqb evUvjexB AwZ bMY welq I
mvgvb mvgvb K_vq hyiK Kvdi, AvKdvi Ges Aviv KZ ARvbv
Dcvwamn iY KiZb| RivbIqvjvi GK Av`vjZ GKRb xjvK
Zvi ^vgx Avng`x nIqvi KviY ZvjvK PvBj evUvjex mvne Av`vjZ
Avng`xiv gymjgvb evcvi cwivi GB K_v ^xKvi Kib|

R gyKvvm gyevnvmvi KvhweeiYx :

R gyKvvm nhiZ AvK`vmi IB gyvevnvmv, hv hyi AvK`vm 1893
mvji 22 g _K 5 Ryb ch AgZmi cv`x`i mv_ KiwQjb| IB
gyevnvmvi Dcj Ges wKfve Gi AvqvRb nq mB weeiY GKRb
cZ`kx AgZmii wiqvR wn` cmi ^vwaKvix nhiZ kL b~i
Avn&g` mvne Zvi cYxZ b~i Avn&g` cyK Gfve wjwce KiQb|
wZwb GKw`b Kvw`qvb kixd nhiZ AvK`vmi L`gZ DcwZ wQjbZLb Rwqvjv _K Kvb gymjgvb ew cv`vni GKwU c nhiZ
(1) BkZnvi, Zvs 4Vv g, 1893 mvj, ZejxM-wimvjZ, ZZxq L, 44 c:|
(2) weZ weeiYi Rb `Lyb, Avj-dhj, 1g el, 35 msLv, Zvs 11 deqvwi,
1914 mvj, 3 c:|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

173

gmxn& gvID` AvjvBnm& mvjvgi hyi cuQvj| Rwqvjvq cv`x`i

GKwU kwkvjx wgkb wQj| Gi wgkbvixiv evRvi IqvR KiZb| cv`vn
mvne Zuvi wkl`iK Bwj m^ wKQy ck wkwLq w`jb| IB wkliv
wLvb cPviK`i mv_ ZK KiZb Ges ck DcwZ Ki Di PvBZb|
IB wLvbiv hyw mZ Di `qvq Amg_ nq Wvt nbix gvwUb KvKi
KvQ AwfhvM Kijv h gymjgvb cv`vni wkliv eoB wei Ki|
Zv`iK Kvbfve iva Kiv nvK| nbix gvwUb mvne Rwqvjv DcwZ
njb Ges cv`vn& mvneK ejjb h wZwb Zuvi wkl`iK wLvb
cPviK`i wei cwiPvjbv KiQb| GZ Kvb jvf bB| Kvb mfv
Avn&evb Ki gjex`iK mgeZ Kib| ZeB eySv hve, Kvb& ag
mZ? Ges cPviK`iK hvZ wei bv Ki, m Rb Avcbvi Qj`iK
wbla Kib| cv`vn mvne GB cve ^xKZ njb Ges gjex`iK
c wjLZ i Kijb hb cv`x`i m Bmjvgi mZZv welq evnvm
Kivi Rb Zuviv Rwqvjv AvMgb Kib| GKwU c wZwb nhiZ gmxn&
gvID` AvjvBnm& mvjvgKI wjLjb| Zv Avgvi DcwwZZ Kvw`qvb
cuQvjv| nhiZ AvK`vm GB c cvV Ki AZ Lywk njb Ges
AvgvK ejjb : Lv`v-ZvAvjv Avgv`i Rb GKwU wkKvi cvwVqQb|
AvRB Avwg Gi Di wjLwQ| Aviv ejjb : GKwU c cv`vn mvnei
bvg Ges GKwU c cv`x mvneK wjLZ ne| AwfZv _K Rvbv
AvQ h, cv`x mvne kxNB Di w`eb Ges cv`vn& mvne Ke wjLeb,
Rvbv bB| ciw`b Avwg AgZmi Pj Avmjvg| cv`x mvne cyZ AvQb
ej Reve w`jb| nhiZ mvnei ci gg wQj : hw` Rwqvjv,
AgZmi A_ev evUvjvq GB mfv nq, Ze Avgiv wbR LiP Avme| Kviv
Ici fviM ne bv| hw` Avcbviv Kvw`qvb Avmb Ges GLvb gyevnvmvi
mfv nq, Ze Avgiv m~Y mdi LiP enb Kie Ges Lvevi BZvw`
eevi `vwqZI MnY Kie| Gi Di nbix gvwUb KvK wjLjb, eev
I civgki ci Rvbveb GB gg wZwb cv`vn& mvneKI wjLwQjb|
wgqv cv`vn& mvne gjex`i Di cvIqvi Acv KiZ jvMjb| GZ
`yB mvn AwZevwnZ njv Ges gjex mvneiv cv`vn& mvneK cZzi
wRvmv Kijb Zuv`i Rb _vKvi eev, mdii LiP, hvZvqvZ I
cvbvnvii wK eev Kiv nqQ ? mfvi ci Zv`iK we`vq eve` wK
`qv ne ? cv`vn& mvne nhiZ mvneK wjLjb : gjfx mvneiv
cyivi Ges mdi LiP `vwe Kib| Avwg Mwie jvK| Avcwb ay Lv`vi

174

nvqvZ ZvBqev

mywi Rb KvR Kib ej Avwg AvcbvKB Avmvi Rb K w`e|

gjex`i _K wegyL nqwQ| Zuv`i ga GKUzI wjjvwnqZ bB| hLb
nhiZ AvK`vm gmxn& gvID` AvjvBnm& mvjvg GB K_v RvbZ cvijb,
ZLb wZwb cv`x gvwUb KvKK cybivq c wjLjb : gyevnvmvi Kvb
ZvwiL wbavwiZ nIqv DwPZ| Avgvi KqKRb ez Avcbvi KvQ cvVvjvg|
Zuv`i mv_ gybvhvivi kZvejx I ZvwiL cfwZ wggvsmv Kib| nhiZ
AvK`vm cv`vn& mvneK GKwU c nvZ nvZ `qvi Rb BDmyd LvbK
cvVvjb| GZ gyevnvmvi ZvwiL wi Kivi Rb ZvwM` Kiv njv Ges
GUvI wRvmv Kiv njv cv`x`i c K gybvhviv Kieb ? BDmyd Lvb
c_g Avgvi KvQ Avmjb| ci Rwqvjv Mgb Kijb| wZwb AvgvK
mg Aev Lyj ejjb| GZ Lv`v ZvAvjv Avgvi gb GB K_vi D`K
Kijb h, Avwg wMq mB cv`x mvneK Zvjvm Kwi, wLvb`i c
whwb gyevnvmvq gybvhi ^ic DcwZ neb| Avwg wgx KzZze xb
mvnei `vKvb Mjvg| ZuvK KvR Qo Avgvi m iIqvbv nZ
ejjvg| wi njv Avgiv cv`x Bgv` Dxbi KvQ wMq wRvmv Kie,
Kvb& cv`x mvne wLvb`i c gybvhvivq DcwZ neb| wgx mvne
KvR-Kg ZvM Ki Avgvi m Pjjb| Avgiv `yBRb cv`x Bgv`-Dwbi
evwo wMq ZuvK wRvmv Kijvg, Kvb& cv`x mvne evnvm Kivi Rb
nhiZ wghv mvnei mv_ cvjvc KiQb ? ZLb wZwb ejjb : AevPxb
nbix gvwUb KvKB ne| Zv kyb Avgiv wgkb nvmcvZvj Mjvg! mLvb
nbix gvwUb KvK mvne fZii Kvgivq emv wQjb| wZwb wRvmv
Kijb : cqvRb wK? Avwg ejjvg : Rwqvjv evnvm mfvi ZvwiL
wbaviYi Rb GmwQ| nhiZ wghv Mvjvg Avn&g` mvnei gywi`iv
gybvhvivi mgq Ges kZvejx wi Kivi Rb GmQb| Zuv`iK Kvi
KvQ, Kv_vq wbq hvev ? wZwb ejjb h Zuvi Zv GLb Aemi bB,
wZwb mdi evwni nQb Ges mdii cvMvg cyZ KiQb| Avwg ejjvg
: ek Zv Avcwb mdi evwni nvb| wKy ZvwiLi wggvsmv Ki hvb|
GUv gv KqK wgwbUi KvR| cv`x mvne e wavc~eK ejjb : Avcwb
Avcbvi jvK wbq Avmyb| Avwg ay Ava NUv mgq w`Z cvie| GiB
ga kZvejx wi Kiv ne| Avwg kb Mjvg| Kvw`qvb _K h me
ez GmwQjb, Zuv`i mevBK kbB cjvg| Zuv`i ga nhiZ
gjex Ave`yj Kixg mvne wkqvjKvUx, gybwk Mvjvg Kv`i mvne
dwmn wkqvjKvUx Ges gybwk Rvdi Avn&g` mvne Kzcyi_jex wQjb|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

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ezMY mevB GKwZ nIqvi ci Avgiv weQvbvcmn wZb Pvi MvwoZ

AvivnY Ki mvRv cv`x mvnei KzwVZ cuQvjvg| cv`x mvne KzwVZB
wQjb| Avgiv hvIqvq, eviv`vq Pqvi ivLevi Rb Av`vjxK Av`k
Kijb Ges wbR Ab `iRv w`q cv`x Ave`yjvn& Av_gi KzwVZ Mjb|
wKQy wej^ nq coj Avgiv Av`vjxK wRvmv Kijvg : Wvvi mvne
evBi AvmQb bv Kb? m ejj : GLb AvmQb| Av_g mvnei KzwVZ
wMqQb| Zv KvQB | gvS ay GKUv ivv| BwZga Avmi bvgvhi
mgq njv| KzwVi AvIZvi ga GKwU eo eU MvQ wQj| Avgiv mevB Zvi
wbP evRvgvZ bvgvh cojvg| Wvvi mvne Av_g mvnei KvQ Avgv`i
wbq ejjb, Kvw`qvb _K KqKRb jvK gybvhviv mfvi kZ I ZvwiL
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Rwqvjv _K cv`vn& mvneI Gm cuQvjb| Av_g mvne Kvb nvZ
iL ejjb : Wvvi mvne! hw` GKk Ab gjex nZ, Ze Kvb
ciIqv wQj bv| Avcwb evNi jR nvZ w`qQb| wghv mvne Kvw`qvbxi
myLxb nIqv Ges Zuvi mv_ jovB mnR bq| LyeB KwVb KvR| GB
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bv| Avwg GZ hvM `e bv| Wvvi mvne ejjb: wLvb RvwZi Avcwb
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K_vevZv Ges K_vevZvi cKwZ WcywU Ave`yjvn& Av_g mvnei gymjgvb
Lvbmvgv _K ci RvbZ cvwi| hLb `yBRbB Gm Pqvi Avmb MnY
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Kiv KZe| evnvm KZ w`b Pje? GB evnvm wjwLZfve nIqv PvB| m
m wjLZ ne| Zvici, cviwiK Avjvc-AvjvPbvi ci ZvwiL
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AgZmi I evUvjvi gjexiv RvbZ cvijb, ZLb Zuviv Av_g mvnei
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176

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Zv Djvgviv Kvdi ejb| Zuvi Ici Ges Zuvi wkl`i Ici Kzdii
dZvqv `qv nqQ| Av_g mvne BwZc~eB nhiZ mvneK fq
KiwQjb| wZwb Wi nbix gvwUb KvKK ejZ jvMjb : Avwg Zv
c~eB ejwQjvg wghv mvnei mv_ evnvm Kiv mnR bq| evNi jR
nvZ `qv nqQ| GLbI cvY euvPvevi myhvM iqQ| cvY iv Kiv j
gy`vi Pq kq| wghv mvneK Reve w`b Ges GB gjex`i mv_
evnvm AekB Kib| wZ bB| Zvici, cv`xiv mwwjZfve civgk
Ki nhiZ mvneK wjLjb : GLb Abvb gjex mvne evnvm Kivi
Rb cyZ nqQb| GRb Avcbvi evnvmi Rb Gm K Kivi cqvRb
bB| KviY Ab gymjgvbiv AvcbvK Kvdi gb Ki| G Rb Avcwb
Bmjvgi c DwKj nZ cvib bv| GB KviY Avgiv gjex`i mv_
evnvm-gybvhvivi Awfcvq KiwQ, Avcbvi m bq| nhiZ AvK`vm Gi
Di wjLjb : GLb Avcbv`i A^xKvi Kiv wVK bq| Avcbv`i c,
cwZkwZ I mgw_Z kZvejx Avgv`i KvQ AvQ| myZivs Avcbv`i nq
evnvm KiZ ne, bZzev civRq ^xKvi KiZ ne| hw` GB K_v
msev`cjvZ cKvk Kib Ges Avcbv`i civRq ^xKvi Kib, Ze
Avcbviv h gjexi mB BQv, evnvm Kib| Aviv wjLjb : Avcbviv
AvgvK Kzdii dZvqvi K_v ejQb| GB Kzdii dZvqv ay Avgv`i
DciB cqvM nqwb| Avcbv`i DciI Kzdii dZvqv `qv nqQ|
cvUvUMY Kv_wjK m`vqK KvdiB bq, nZvhvM ej gb
Ki| myZivs, AvcbvivI wLvbZi DwKj nZ cvib bv| Kzdii dZvqv
viv Avgiv Ges Avcbviv mgvb| evnvm Zv evweK mZ-wg_v wbYqi
Rb Kiv nemZ wK Avgv`i c AvQ ?-bv, Avcbv`i c ? GZ
Kzdii dZvqvi Kvb mswkZv bB| Avgvi Bmjvg I KziAvb Kixgi
IKvjwZ Kie, Avcbviv Bwji Kieb| Kzdii dZvqvi mv_ Gi
mK wK ? gybvhvivq cZK ci cvk Rb jvK gv _vKv mve
nqwQj| GiPq ewk Kvb cB hZ cviZ bv| nhiZ AvK`vm c_g
w`b evnvmi Rb hvIqvi mgq kL nvg` Avjx mvneK GKwU Mvm I
GK myivnx cvwb m bqvi K_v ejjb| Wvt gvwUb KvKi KzwVZ cuQ
Rvbv Mj h eviv`vq em evnvmi kZvejx wbw nqwQj, mLvbB
evnvmi eev Kiv nqQ| KviY Gi AvqZb h_ wQj| Wvt nbix
gvwUb KvK mvne gq cvb-cv I en`vKvi Kjm Gb iLwQjb|
KjmjvZ eid, wgQwi cfwZ `qv nqwQj, hvZ gymjgvb`iK Vvv

nvqvZ ZvBqev

177

mieZ viv AvcvwqZ Kiv hvq| GB cm nhiZ AvK`vmi Rb Wvvi

mvnei Lvbmvgv GK Mvm eid wgwkZ mieZ Avbj| hyi ejjb :
Avgiv Avgv`i cvwb GbwQ| Avwg Ges Avgvi mv_xiv Ab cvwb cvb
Kie bv| Ab gymjgvb hv BQv KiZ cvib| Avcbv`i Ges cv`x
mvne`i ga GUv GKUv ag hy| Avgv`i I Avcbv`i ga kvw
vwcZ nj cvwb cfwZ cvb Kvb evav _vKe bv| GB K_vjv MqiAvn&g`x`iKI ek cfvevw^Z Kij| ZuvivI IB cvwb cvb Kibwb|
Novjv Ggwb co iBj| wLvbivB IB cvwb cvb Kijb| gymjgvbiv
GKwU ^Z Kc _K cvwb Avbjb|
Zvici, evnvm i njv| ee jLv i njv| ee jLv nj
`uvwoq cvVK`i Zv kvbvbv njv| gjex Ave`yj Kixg mvne (ivwh
Avjv Avb&) nhiZ AvK`vmi ee kvbvevi Rb `uvovjb| c_g
m~iv dvZnv cvV KiZb| ci ee GK GKwU k 2/3 evi cvV
Kijb| Wvt nb&ix gvwUb KvK ejjb : `Lyb mvne, GKevi jLv
nqQ| Avcwb evi evi cvV Kib Kb? wKy wZwb c Kijb bv
Ges GfveB cvV Kijb| Lv`v ZvAvjv ZuvK AvavwZK A`winvbx ewmiZ- w`qwQjb| GK GKwU ki viv wZwb Avb` jvf
Kijb Ges Zq nq cvV KiZb| cv`x mvneMY wPrKvi KiZb|
wZwb mvb` wP Zv Ki hZb| Avwg `Ljvg NivIi evBi kZ kZ
jvK `uvwoq iqQ| Avwg `uvwoq wbe`b Kijvg : e jvK GB evnvm
kvbvi Rb D`&Mxe| GK wecyj RbZv evBi `uvovbv AvQ| KzwVZ GK
GK ci cvk Rb ew gv Avmvi AbygwZ AvQ| wUwKU viv cek
KiZ| GRb Avwg PvB cwZw`b Dfq ci evnvmi wjwLZ eejv
Avwg Qvwcq w`e| nhiZ AvK`vm ejjb Zuvi c _K AbygwZ c`
njv| mZKZv ekZ: cv`x mvne`iK wRvmv Kijvg Zv`i gZ wK?
ZLb Av_vg mvne g`y ^i ejjb Zuv`i ciI mwZ AvQ| myZivs,
Avwg cwZw`b Dfq ciB eejv Qvwcq w`Zvg| jvKiv Zv q
KiZ|
GB cKvi cbi w`b gyevnvmv njv| gmxni CkiZi Lb nhiZ
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GKRb xjvKi Mf bq gvm hveZ evm Ki FZzi i Rxeb aviYc~eK

178

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Abvb mvaviY jvKi gZB RMnY KiQb| Ggb ewI wK Lv`v

nZ cvib ? cv`x mvneiv GB K_vjv b DV `uvovjb Ges ejZ
jvMjb Zuviv cfz wh wL m^ Gaibi K_v bZ Pvb bv| wghv mvne
Zv`i Ai QywiKvNvZ KiQbZuv`i Zievwi PvwjqQb| GB
ej Zuviv gyevnvmvi mfv ZvM KiZ cyZ njb| GB `k `L nhiZ
AvK`vm ejjb : Giv Zv GLb cjvqb Kieb| hv wjLvwQ, wjLZ
_vKzb| Aev `L cv`x gvwUb KvK ejjb : Avwg fewQjvg gymjgvbiv
Mvjgvj Kie| Aev Gi wecixZ, wLvbivB Mvjgvj i KiQ|
wZwb wLvb`iK emZ ejjb| Aviv ejjb : GLb hvIqvi Kvb A_
bB| GLb KgZrciZvi mgq| mevB emyb| eyZ:, whi CkiZ nhiZ
AvK`vm Ggbfve Lb Kijb h wLvb`i Kvb Di _vKjv bv|
gybvhvivi KvhweeiYx R gyKvvm whwbB cvV Kieb, Avcbv-Avcwb
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wjLZ eva njb h gmxn& 30 eQi ch mvaviY gvbyl icB wQjb|
hLb Zuvi Ici ij Kz`ym bvhj njb, ZLb wZwb Ckii weKvkgvh&nvijvn& (Manifestation of God) ej AwfwnZ njb| Gi Reve
nhiZ AvK`vm wjLjb : AvgivI Zv GUvB ewj| gmxn& gvbyl I bex
wQjb| hLb Kvb gvbyli Ici ij Kz`ym bvhj nb, ZLb wZwb Avjvn&i
cKvkj ev bex nb| GB K_v b wLvb`i gyL weeY njv| nb&ix
gvwUb mvne Awi nq cojb| Av_g mvneI weeZ njb| wLvbiv
ZrYvr ejjb : Av_g mvne, Avcwb GwK wjLQb ? ZLb Av_g
mvne ejjb, wZwb Avi wK wjLeb! hv wjLvi cqvRb wQj, wjLQb|
Av_g mvne Aviv ejjb, wZwb Amy| ZuvK Qvov nvK, wZwb hvQb|
Zuviv hv Pvb, wjLZ cvib|
cvVKMY R gyKvvmi Qwe _K GLbKvi mgK Aev `qg
KiZ cvib| mZi ZR Av_g mvnei Ici Rq jvf Kij| wZwb
Amy nq cojb| wKy klw`bjvZ wLvb`i Zvobvq eva nq
AvmZ jvMjb| gvS GKw`b nbix gvwUb KvK evnvmi Rb gbvbxZ
nq Gw`K mw`Ki K_vq Kvb gZ w`bvwZcvZ Kijb|1

(1) wimvjv b~i Avng`, 20-32 c:|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

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WcywU Ave`yjvn& Av_g gyevnvmvi kZ f Kib :

gyevnvmvi AbZg kZ wQj, Dfqc Zuv`i `vwe I `wjj ^ ^ Bj&nvgx
wKZve KziAvb gRx` Ges evBej _K ck Kieb| wKy cv`x mvne
GB kZ gvUB cvjb Kibwb| Ggb wK, nhiZ AvK`vm Zuvi kl ce
jLvjb :
Avgvi AwZkq `y:L nq, h me kZ evnvm i Kiv nqwQj, IB me
kZi cwZ WcywU mvne GKUzI j ivLbwb| kZ wQj Avwg hgb
Avgvi cZK `vwei cgvY KziAvb kixdi hwK `wjjmg~n viv
DcwZ Kwi, WcywU mvneI Zgwb Kieb| wKy wZwb Kv_vI G kZ
cvjb Kibwb|1

GKwU Avh NUbv :

gyevnvmvi mgq GKw`b wLvbiv Mvcb GKwU A GKwU ewai Ges GKwU
LK gyevnvmvi vb Gb GKw`K ewmq ivLj| Zvici, Zv`i eZvq
nhiZ AvK`vmK m^vab Ki ejj : Avcwb gmxn& nIqvi `vwe Kib|
wbb& GB A, ewai I L ewiv AvQ| gmxni gZ Zv`iK k Ki
AvivM Kib| gxi mvne2 ejb, Zuviv mevB ZLb Awi njb, `Lv
hvK&, nhiZ mvne GLb wK Di Kib| Zvici, nhiZ mvne Zuvi Di
jLvZ wMq ejjb : Avwg Zv GK_v wekvm Kwi bv h, gmxn& GBfve
k Ki A, ewai I L`iK fvjv KiZb| GRb Avgvi KvQ Zv
`vwe Kivi Kvb hyw bB| Aek, Avcbviv gmxni gyRhv GBfve
wekvm Kib| cvi, Avcbviv GUvI wekvm Kib, h ewi ga
GKwU mwilvi cwigvY Bgvb _vKe, m IB mgB c`kb KiZ cvie, hv
gmxn& c`kb Kib| myZivs, Avwg Avcbv`i KvQ eoB KZ| Avcbviv
AvgvK A, ewai I L`iK Zvjvm Kiv _K iv KiQb| GLb
Avcbv`i Dcnvi Avcbv`iB mvgb ivLv njv| GB A, ewai I L
Avcbv`i mvgb nvwRi AvQ| hw` Avcbv`i ga GKwU mwilvi cwigvY
Bgvb _vK, Ze gmxni ixwZ Abymvi Avcbviv G`iK AvivM
(1) R gyKvvm|
(2) A_vr nhiZ Wv: gxi gynv` BmgvCj mvne gig (ivwh Avjv Avb) nhiZ
LwjdvZzj gwmn mvbx AvBq`vjv ZvAvjvi eo gvgy|

180

nvqvZ ZvBqev

Kib| gxi mvne ejb h, nhiZ mvne Zv ejv gv cv`x`i uk Do

Mj| Zuviv mZc~eK ZrYvr Zv`iK mLvb _K we`vq Kijb|1

cv`x Ave`yjvn& Av_g m^ fwelvYx :

kl ce nhiZ AvK`vm Avjvn& ZvAvjvi Av`k cv`x Ave`yjvn& Av_g
m^ GKwU fwelvYx NvlYv Kib| Zv GB :
AvR ivZ Avgvi KvQ hv cKvwkZ nqQ Zv nQ, Avwg Avjvn ZvAvjvi
hyi hLb e KvbvKvwU Ki `vqv Kijvgt Zzwg GB welqi wggvsmv
Ki| Avgiv `yej ev`v| Zvgvi wggvsmv eZxZ wKQyB KiZ cvwi bv|
ZLb wZwb AvgvK mymsev` ^ic GB wb`kb w`jb h, GB evnvm
cqi ga h c BQvKZ fve AmZK eiY KiQ, mZ Lv`vK
cwiZvM KiQ Ges `yej gvbylK Lv`v wbaviY KiQ, mB c gyevnvmvi
w`K _K GB me w`bB A_vr w`b cwZ GK gvm wnmve, A_vr cbi
gvmi ga nvweqvq wbw ne Ges AZ jvwZ ne, hw` mZi
w`K wdi bv Avm Ges h ew mZi Ici AvQ Ges mZ Lv`vK
gvb Gi gvag Zvi mvb cKvwkZ ne Ges hLb GB fwelvYx c~Y
ne, Kvb Kvb A `w wdi cve, Kvb Kvb L PjZ i Kie Ges
Kvb Kvb ewai keY kw jvf Kie|2
GB fwelvYxi KviY m^ nhiZ AvK`vm ejb, wLvb ZvwKK WcywU
Ave`yjvn& Av_g Av`ibv evBej bvgK GKwU eB wjLwQjb| mB
eBZ wZwb Avu nhiZ mvjvjv AvjvBn IqvmvjvgK (bvDhywejvn
wgb&hvjKv) `vvj wjLwQjb Ges Bmjvgi cwZ we`cvZK KUv
KiwQjb| hLb nhiZ AvK`vm fwelvYxi mv_ ZvK GUvI iY
Kwiq w`jb, wZwb ZrYvr wRnv Kvgo w`jb| Kvb nvZ w`jb|
Pnviv weeY njv| PvL mv`v nq Mj Ges gv_v euvwKq ejjb wZwb Zv
Ggb wjLbwb|3
A_P, wZwb Zv wjLwQjb| wKy fwelvYxi fq evKzj nq wZwb
(1) ivIqvBqvZ bs 176, wmivZzj-gvn`x, c_g L, 191-92 cv, nhiZ Wv: gxi
gynv` BmgvBj mvne _K ewYZ|
(2) R Kvm
(3) wimvjvn g~i-Avng`, 32 c:|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

181

AvZmvi ejjb wZwb `vvj ejbwb|

Ab K_vq, mB mgqB wZwb mZi w`K cZvMgb c`kb Kijb|
Zvici, gZzi gyn~Z ch GKwU kI Bmjvg ev Avu-nhiZ mvjvjv
AvjvBn Iqv mvjvgi wei ejbwb| Av_gi cwiYwZ Ges GB Bj&nvgx
fwelvYxi m~Y Z_i Rb AvbIqvij&-Bmjvg Ges Avvg-Av_g
cvV Kib|1

gyevnvmvi mgq eqAvZ :

AgZmi nhiZ kL b~i Avng` mvne Ges nhiZ wgx KzZze xb mvne
Zv AvM _KB Avn&g`x wQjb| GLb gyevnvmvi mgq nhiZ wgquv bex
eLk mvne widzMi Ges nhiZ Kvwh Avgxi mvqb mvne fiexI
eqAvZ Kijb| nhiZ Kvwh mvne GKRb AZ cwe wP, ebvd&m
cyil wQjb| wZwb nvw`m kvi GKRb we Avjg wQjb| Zuvi eqAvZ
Kivq gjex`i ga fxlY AvjvPbv mw njv| cZK gnjvq nhiZ
AvK`vmi wei welv`Mvi i njv Ges cPvi Pjj, hb Kvb ew
wghvi IqvR kybZ bv hvq| bPr Zuvi wkKvi nq coe| GB cKvi
bvbv K_vi Rvi cPviYv Pjj Ges Ab jvKi gvag nhiZ AvK`vmi
L`gZ cqMvg AvmZ jvMj h gjex mvne`i mv_ evnvm Kib|
hyi ejjb: c_g wLvb`i mv_ evnvm kl KiZ w`b| ci Bb&kvAvjvn&, Avcbv`i mI evnvm Kie|

gyevnvjv _K gjex gynv` mvqb mvne evUvjexi cjvqb

Ges gjex Ave`yj nK MRbexi DcwwZ :
evnvmi kl gjexiv cybivq Av`vjb i Kijb : wLvb`i mv_
evnvm kl nqQ| GLb Avg`i mv_ evnvm Kib| jvnvi _K
gjex gynv` mvqb mvne evUvjexI GKwU BkZnvi GB gg ciY
Kijb wghv mvnei mv_ gyevnvjv Kivi Rb wZwb AgZmi AvmQb|
ay gyevnvjv ne| Kvb eZv ne bv| nhiZ mvne Gi Di GKwU
Bk&Znvi wjL NvlYv Kijb h gjex gynv` mvqb evUvjex KLbI
(1) wimvjvn g~i-Avng` 32 c:|
(2) wimvjvn b~i Avng`, 32-33 c:|

182

nvqvZ ZvBqev

Zuvi mv_ gyevnvjv Kieb bv Ges Zuvi mvgb ch DcwZ neb bv|
ciw`b gjex Ave`yj nK MRbexi mv_ gyevnvjv nIqvi K_v wQj|
gjex gynv` mvqb AgZmi cuQjb| C`Mvn weivU RbmgvMg
njv| gjex gynv` mvqbI GB RbmgvR _K ek `~i `uvwoq wKQy
eZv Kijb| jvKiv gb KiwQj eZvi ci gjex mvne gyevnvjv
Kieb hw`I wghv mvne wjLQb wZwb Zuvi mvgb gyevnvjvi Rb DcwZ
neb bvwKy wZwb Zv GmQb| wZwb hLb Ava NUv wK cb NUv
eZv Kijb, ZLb gjex Ave`yj nK MRbex Ges Zvi wkliv, Zv`i
gjex`i civgk gyevnvjvi Rb AMmi njb|1
GB gyevnvjvq gjex Ave`yj nK MRbex wbRi m^ KvbB K_v DPviY
Kijb bv| wKy nhiZ AvK`vmi Rb KVvi nZ KVviZi k eenvi
Kijb Ges Mvwj-MvjvR viv imbv Z KiZ KvbB Kmyi evwK ivLjb
bv| Gi Reve nhiZ AvK`vm ay GB K_vjv ejjb :
Avwg GB `vqv Kie h, Avgvi cYxZ hZ eBcyK AvQ, Zviga
KvbwUI Lv`v I imyj mvjvjv AvjvBn Iqv mvjvgi ewYZ welqi
weivax bq Ges Avwg Kvdi bB| hw` Avgvi wKZvejv Lv`v Ges imyj
mvjvjv AvjvBn Iqv mvjvgi evKi weivax Ges Kzdi cwic~Y nq
_vK, Ze Lv`v ZvAvjv mB jvbZ I Avhve Avgvi Ici bvhj Kib
hv cw_exi Avw` _K AvR ch Kvb Kvdi, eCgvbi Ici Kibwb
Ges Avcbviv Avgxb ejyb| KviY hw` Avwg Kvdi-bvDhywejvn&-Bmjvg
ag _K gyiZv` Ges eCgvb nq _vwK, Ze bnvr Lvivc Avhve Avgvi
gZzB kq| Avwg GB cKvi Rxebi cwZ mnm gb bvivR| Avi hw` Ggb
bv nq _vK, Ze Lv`v-ZvAvjv Zuvi c _K mZ dqmvjv Ki
w`eb| wZwb Avgvi `qI `LQb Ges weiev`x`i `qI `LQb|
cZ`wkiv ejb, hLb hyi GB K_vjv DPviY KiwQjb, ZLb GK
AZvh wbZvi mw nqwQj Ges AvZmvi jvKi DP K
`bvQvm kvbv hvwQj|

(1) wimvjvn b~i Avng`, 32-33 c:|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

183

nvdR gynv` BqvKze mvnei eqAvZ :

nhiZ AvK`vm ZLbv Zuvi `vqv kl Kibwb| MRbex`i GKRb gyix`,
mP wefvMi Rjv`vi nvdR gynv` BDmyd mvnei R vZv nvdR
gynv` BqvKzK mvne wPrKvi b Kvbv KiZ KiZ nhiZ AvK`vmi
c`g~j cwZZ nq ejjb, Avcwb Avgvi eqAvZ Keyj Kib| nhiZ
AvK`vm ejjb, gyevnvjv _K c_K nq eqAvZ MnY Kieb| GB `k
`L MRbex gjexiv Ges Zv`i Pjviv nZeyw nq cojb| KviY
Zuviv Abyfe Kijb gyevnvjvi dj GUv nhiZ AvK`vmi c_g weRq
wQj| gjex gynv` mvqb mvne evUvjex Zv Avjvn&-B Rvbb Kv_vq
Mvqe nqwQjb| ZLb jvKiv wbwZfve eySZ cvij h, nhiZ wghv
mvnei evK mdj nqQ| wZwb h_v_B ejwQjb gjex gynv`
mvqb mvne mvgbB Avme bv| hv nvK, GBfve gyevnvjv kl njv
Ges nhiZ AvK`vm Ni wdi Mjb|

GB gyevnvjvi cwZwqv :
GB gyevnvjvi dj wK cwZwqv nqwQjv? nhiZ AvK`vm Zuvi wKZve
Avvg Av_g `kwU welq eYbv KiQb| hvi gvag GUvB cwZfvZ nq
h, Lv`v ZvAvjv GB gyevnvjvi ci nhiZ AvK`vmK Amxg AvavwZK I
Hkx Avwkmi viv cyiZ KiQb| wb Avgiv nhiZ AvK`vmiB
fvlvq IB `kwU welqi mvigg c`vb KiwQ :
1) Av_g m^ h fwelvYx Kiv nqwQj, Zv fwelvYxi cKZ A_
c~Y nqQ|
2) gyevnvjvi ci h welq Avgvi mvbi KviY nqQ, Zv njv IB me
Aviwe M mgw, hv weiev`x gjex Ges cv`x`iK jvwZ Kivi
Rb wjwLZ nqwQj|
3) gyevnvjvi AvM h_vme wZb Pvi k jvK wQjb Ges gyevnvjvi ci
GLb AvU nvRvii AwaK IB me ew AvQb, huviv GB c_ cvY
w`Z m`v cyZ|
4) gyevnvjvi ci Avgvi mvb ewi PZz_ welq njv ighvb gvm P` I
m~h MnY| Lv`v ZvAvjv gyevnvjvi ci GB mvbI AvgvK w`qQb|
5) gyevnvjvi ci Avgvi mvbi cg welq njv KziAvbi vb mwKZ

184

nvqvZ ZvBqev

Brgvg nvI cwZhvwMZvg~jK Pov cgvY| Avcbv`i ga Kviv

mva bB h, Avgvi gvKvejv KziAvb kixdi ZivwR-nvKvqKgyIqvwid-eYbv KiZ cvib|
6) gyevnvjvi ci l welq hv Avgvi mvbi KviY nqQ Ges Ave`yj
nK MRbexi jvbvi KviY nqQ, Zv njv GB h, Ave`yj nK
gyevnvjvi ci Bk&Znvi w`qwQj h, Zvi cy RMnY Kie Ges
AvwgI Lv`v ZvAvjvi _K Bjnvg cq GB BkZnvi AvbIqvij
Bmjvg cKvwkZ KiwQjvg h AvgvK cy `vb Kieb| m Abyhvqx
Lv`v-ZvAvjvi AbyMn I Amxg Kcvq Avgvi Mn Zv cy mvb R
MnY KiQ| Zvi bvg kixd Avng`| GLb Ave`yj nKK AekB
wRvmv KiZ ne h Zvi cy Kv_vq ?
7) GB gyevnvjvi ci h welq viv Avgvi mvbI Lv`v-ZvAvjvi KvQ
Keyj nIqv cKvwkZ nqQ Zv nQ Lv`v ZvAvjvi mZcivqY
ew`i AvwiK Drmvn Dxcbv hv Zvuiv Avgvi mev_ c`kb
KiQb| Lv`v-ZvAvjvi IB me AbyMni kvKi Kivi gZv Avgvi
KLbv ne bv hv AvavwZK I HkwiK wnme GB gyevnvjvi ci Avwg
cqwQ|
AvavwZK AbyMnivwRi `v eYbv KiwQ| A_vr, Lv`v ZvAvjvi GB
fvlv-vb AvgvK ay GRvh ^ic-AjwKKfve `vb KiQb| Gi
cwZhvwMZvq Kejgv Ave`yj nK Kb, weiev`x mevB jvwZ
nqQ| h me HkwiK m` gyevnvjvi ci c` nqQ Zv njv IB
me Avw_K weRq, hv GB `iek Lvbvi Rb Lv`v-ZvAvjv Dy
KiQb| gyevnvjvi w`b _K AvR ch cvq cbi nvRvi
dZzj&-Mvqe, Z_v A`k welqvejxi UvKv GmQ GB wmj&wmjvi
ivevbx eq LvZ LiP Kiv nqQ|
8) Ag welq njv mr-ePb cyK cYqb| GB cyK cYqbi Rb
Lv`v-ZvAvjv AvgvK IB mg mvgMx `vb KiQb, hv wZb kZ eQi
ai Kviv KbvqI Avmwb|
9) beg welq, GB mgq cvq AvU nvRvi evw Avgvi nvZ eqAvZ MnY
KiQb| myZivs, Avwg wbwZfve Rvwb h GZRb Av`g mvbi
ZIevi gvag AvgvK mZ cwZcb Kiv Zv Lv`vi `iMvn Keyj nIqvi
wb`kb-hv Lv`v-ZvAvjvi myw ARbi ciB gv jvf nq _vK|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

185

10) jvnvii ag gnvmjb `kg welq| GB mjb m^ Avgvi

AwaK jLvi cqvRb bB| h cKvi Ges h byivwbqZi KeywjqZ
A_vr Avjvn&i `iMvn MnxZ nIqvi h AvavwZK RvwZweKvk Avgvi
ee cvVi mgq nqQ Ges hfve AvwiK Drmvnmn jvKiv
AvgvK I Avgvi eeK gnvkvi PL `LQ, Avgvi weZfve
eYbv Kivi KvbB cqvRb bB| mevB wbR wbRB gZ cKvk
KiQb h GB ee bv nj gynv` mvqb cfwZi KviY Bmjvg
nvv nq coZ|

AgZmix gjex Rvb gynv` gmwR`i wb K AvZMvcb :

c~ev gyevnvjvi ci nhiZ AvK`&vm gjex`i Dk GKwU Bk&Znvi
cKvk Ki NvlYv Kijb :
GLb Avwg wLvb`i mv_ gyevnvmv _K c_K nqwQ| AvR _K wZb
w`b ch Avwg GLvb _vKe| hw` Kvb gjex Avgvi mv_ evnvm KiZ
Pvb, wZwb h Kvb vb gbvbxZ Ki evnvm Kib| Ggb hb bv nq h
cieZxZ cjvqb KiQ ej kviMvj Ki|
nhiZ AvK`vmi GB Bk&Znvii dj gjex mvneMY Ggwb fxZ
njb h, KD gv_v Zzjbwb| GZ AgZmii iBm LvRv gynv` BDmyd
mvne gjex`i ejjb : GLb Avcbviv evnvm KiQb bv Kb ? wghv
mvne evnvm KiZ mZ nqQb| wghv mvne Pj hvIqvi ci Avcbviv
GB ej wPrKvi Kieb h wghv mvne cjvqb KiQb Ges AgZmii
Djvgv`i mv_ evnvm Kibwb| Djvgviv Di w`jb h Zuviv evnvm
Kieb ej civgk KiQb|1
gjex gynv` mvqb evUvjex mvne gjex`iK fq c`kb Kijb
h, Zuv`i ga Kvb gjexB wghv mvnei mv_ evnvm KiZ cvie
bv| wZwb AZB Zuv`iK Kvey Ki djeb| `yB GKUv cki
cZziB gjex mvne`i gyL e nq hve| Kvb IRic~eK evnvm
GovbvB mevg| Zvici, AgZmii mKj Djvgv-gjex Ave`yj
Rvevi mvne MRbex cgyL MRbexMY, gjex imyj evev I gjex
Mvjvgyjvn& Kmix cfwZ cwm I AbK Acwm gjexMY gynv` Rvb
(1) b~i Avng` 33 c:|

186

nvqvZ ZvBqev

gmwR`i wbPi GK K em gyqvh&whbK ejjb igi `iRvq Zvjv

w`q Pvwe hb Zvi KvQ ivL| gjex imyj evev ejjb : KD wRvmv
Kij eje, Kv_vI wbgY wMqQb, wej^ Avmeb| LvRv gynv`
BDmyd mvne GB gR&wR` gjex`i LuvR KiZ Avmjb| gyqvh&whbK
wRvmv Kijb gjex mvnevb Kv_vq ? m ejj, `vIqvZ wMqQb|
Zvici, Rbve LvRv mvne gjex Ave`yj Revi mvnei evwoZ
Mjb| mLvbI cZzi Kiv njv h, `vIqvZ wMqvQb| wZwb ejjb,
GLvb KD bB ? AvR evnvm Kivi w`b wQj| wghv mvne Pj Mj
gjexiv wPrKvi Kieb| hvnvK, GB ej wZwb mLvb _K Avevi
gynv` Rvbi gm&wR`i w`K Avmj nVvr KD ejj me gjex GB
gmwR`i wbPi K AvQb Ges `iRvq evwni _K Zvjv `qv nqQ,
hvZ KD mvb bv cvq| gyqvh&whbK LvRv mvne cybivq wRvmv Kijb,
gjfx mvneiv Kv_vq? gyqvh&whb Avevi ejj, `vIqvZ wMqQb|
LvRv mvne wRvmv Kijb, Kvi evwoZ ? GB cki Di mfq m
ejj, Rvb bv| GZ LvRv mvne RvbZ PvBjb, gm&wR`i bxPi igi
Pvwe Zvi KvQ AvQ wKbv ? m ejj, AvQ| LvRv mvne ejjb Pvwe
Avb| m ZuvK Pvwe w`j| LvRv mvne Ki Lyj wfZi wMq `Ljb
mg gjexivB K emv| gjex`i Pnviv weeY nq Mj| Zuviv
KuvcZ jvMjb| LvRv mvne ejjb, AvR evnvmi w`b| Avcbviv
GLvb AvZMvcb Ki AvQb| AvMvgxKvj wghv mvne Pj hveb| ZLb
evnvm Kvi m ne ? gjexiv AcwZf nq ejjb Zviv civgk
KiQb| wKQzYi gaB ZvuK msev` `qv ne| wZwb hb kv nvb|
LvRv mvne ZvwM` Ki Pj Mjb| wKy wZwb eySZ cvijb gjex
mvnevb evnvm Kieb bv|1

nZf^ weovji Lv^v LvgPvbv :

wKy hB nhiZ AvK`vm Kvw`qvb Pj hvIqvi Rb cyZ njb, gjex
mvneiv Zuvi kb cuQvi c~eB gyw`Z Bk&Znvi hv c~eB cZ ivLv
nqwQj| nhiZ AvK`mi Mvwoi wcQb weZiY KiZ jvMjb Ges bvbv
cKvi wPrKvi i Kijb| cvPxi, cvPxi Bk&Znvi jvMvb njv| GZ
jLv wQj : wghv cjvqb KiQ| gyLI Zuviv Kwg nvq Zvk
(1) wimvjvn b~i Avng`, 34-35 c:|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

187

KiwQjb| `y Pvi w`b ci gjex mvneiv Avevi mgeZ nq civgk

KiwQjb| NUbvg AvwgI mLvb DcwZ njvg| RvbZ cvijvg
cZKB wbR wbR gZvbymvi GK GKRb gjexK evnvmi Rb
gbvbxZ KiwQjb| KD gjex gynv` mvqb evUjexK nhiZ
AvK`vmi mv_ evnvmi Rb `uvo KiZ ejwQjb| KD gjex Ave`yj
Revi MRbexi bvg cve KiwQjb| Kviv `w imyj evev AgZmixi
Ici wbcwZZ nwQj| Aekl, gjex Mvjvgyjvn&1 mvne Kmix ejjb
: evnvm Zv A^xKvi Kiv DwPZ ne bv| Kveyj, gvgyqvq&hgv, ev gw`bv
gybvDIivq evnvm nIqv mgxPxb| mLvb hveI bv, evnvmI ne bv|2

Av_g mvnei Aev :

GLb Avgiv Avevi Av_g mvnei cm wdi AvmwQ| nhiZ kL b~i
Avng` ivwh Avjv Avby ejb :
nhiZ AvK`vm Pj hvIqvi ci Avwg KvU hvwQjvg, c_ Av_g
mvnei Ni| Avwg `Ljvg, Av_g mvne i`i ga QvZv gv_vq evwoi
evMvb cwivi KivwQjb| Avwg ejjvg: WcywU mvne, GLb wK KiQb?
wZwb ejjb : Nvm `yev cwivi KivwQ| Ggb bv nq, Kvb mvc ei nq
AvgvK `skb Ki Ges Avcbviv ejb h wghv mvnei fwelvYx c~Y
nqQ| Avwg ejjvg: ek, fvjgZ mZK _vKeb| Lv`v-ZvAvjv
wbqB Zuvi Kz`iZi Kvb `k `Lveb| Gici Av_g mvne bvbv
cKvi fxwZc` ^c `LZ jvMjb| ivZ evi evi wknwiq DVb KLb
KLb weQvbv _K wbP co hZb Ges wPrKvi KiZb nvq, gviv
Mjvg, AvgvK ai| Av_g mvnei GB Aev `L Zvi gymjgvb
LvbmvgvK we`vq Kiv njv| gymjgvb`i hvZvqvZ GK`g e Kiv njv|
PvKwi _K we`vq nIqvi wKQy w`b ci mB Lvbmvgvi mv_ Avgvi mvvZ
nq| m Av_g mvnei eZgvb Aev eYbv Kij Ges ejj h, ZvK
Reve `qv nqQ| hLb Av_g mvne ejwQjb wZwb aZ nqQb, wZwb
gviv wMqQb, ZLb GB Lvbmvgv Zuvi KvQ `uvovb wQj| GRbB ZvK
we`vq Kiv nq, cvQ GB cKvi Kvb welq cKvk cj Mvcb welq ei
(1) meZ: Bwb gjex Mvjvg Avjx wQjb| Qvcvi fyj Mvjvgyjvn nq MQ, wKsev
gjex mvne wbRB ci Zvi bvg Mvjvgyjvn iLQb| Iqvjv Avjvgy wemmvIqve|
(2) wimvjvn b~i Avng`, c:|

188

nvqvZ ZvBqev

nq co| Lvbmvgvi gyL GB mg nvj Aev b Avwg Av_g mvnei

evwoZ wMqwQjvg| `Ljvg, GK ew cvnvivq `uvwoq AvQ| cv`xiv
ZvK ZvwM` KiQb, hvZ Kvb gymjgvb mLvb bv hZ cvi| ZvK
ejv nqQ Av_g mvnei mv_ Kvb gymjgvbi mv Kivi AbygwZ
bB| GB `L Avwg Pj Avmjvg| Lvbmvgvi K_vi mg_b cvIqv Mj|
Mqi Avn&g`x gymjgvbI mvvr ev Kvb KvR Dcj Mj Zuv`iKI
mvvrKvii myhvM `qv nZ bv| Av_g mvneK Ljvq I Zvgvmvq wbgM
ivLv nZ| wewfb aibi Ljv hgb Zvm, `vev, BZvw`i gvag Zuvi gb
fzjvbvi Pv Kiv nZv wKy Av_g mvnei Aev w`b w`b AwaKZi
fqven nZ jvMj| cZn Zuvi Aevi cwieZb NUZ| wZwb Kvb mgq
kvw eva KiZb bv| KLbv KLbv nvq nvq KiZb| KLbv KLbv
ejZb, Avwg aiv cojvg, wbvi bB| Gw`K Av_g mvnei Zv GB
Aev! Ab w`K Ab cv`x`i gb Pvji mw njv| GK mvnei
Zv gZz njv| GK mvne fq AgZmi ZvM Kij c_ gYiZ Aevq
ijMvwoZB wZwb cvYZvM Kijb| cv`x ivBU mvnei gZzZ MxRvq
h cKvi kvK cKvk Kiv nqwQj Ges IB mgq Kvb Kvb cv`x h me
Dw Kib Zv _K wLvb`i Pvj I fxwZ cv Aevi Qwe Avcbv
Avcwb dzU DV| Zuviv ejwQjb, AvR ivZ Ckii Kvc RwbZ jvwV
Amgq Avgv`i Ici cijv| Zuvi Mvcb A ARvwbZfve Avgv`iK
nZv Kij|1 cv`x ivBU mvne AgZmii AeZwbK wgkbvix wQjb|
Zuviv meB ^xKvi Kijb, ay mZKB MnY Kijb bv|
hLb wLvbiv `Ljb h Av_g mvnei Aev KejB Lvivc nQ,
ZLb Zuviv civgk Kijb ZuvK Ab Kv_vI cvVvb nvK| eyZ: ZuvK
jywaqvbv cvVvb njv| hLb mLvbI wZwb Kvb cKvi kvw eva Kijb
bv, ZLb ZuvK RivZ cvVvb njv| mLvbI Zuvi KvbB kvw njv bv|
ZLb wdivRcyi wbq hvIqv njv|
Av_g mvnei mB mymwZ evwo hv Zuvi Lqvj gZ enk&Zi bgybv
^ic wQj Ges eoB myLi mv_ wbgvY Kivbv nq, hvi Rb wZwb mZK
eiY KiZ cvibwb Ges mB AwZ gbvni evMvb, hv wZwb wbR cQ` gZ
Zwi KwiqwQjb-`yB-B cwiZ njv Ges ZuvK vb _K vbvi
cevm cwieZb I kxZ Mxi K fvM KiZ njv| Kv_vI wZwb kvw
(1) AvbIqvij Bmjvg, c_g msib, 8 c: nvwkqv|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

189

cjb bv| me`v h Av_gi jLbx Bmjvgi weivwaZvq cwiPvwjZ nZ

ZvI GK`g e njv|1
wLvb agi mvnvhv_ jLvi DrmvnI GK`g e njv|
weZfve evcviwU wQj GB| hLb Av_gi gqv` DxY njv Ges wZwb
mZi w`K wdi Avmvi dj cbi gvmi ga cvYZvM Kibwb, ZLb
wLvbiv fwelvYx wedj nqQ ej PuPvgwP i Kij| GZ nhiZ
mvne Zv`iK eySvi Pv Kijb h fwelvYxZ ejv nqwQj Av_g
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1893 mvji mvjvbv Rj&mv nhiZ AvK`vm `yB KviY wMZ Kib|1
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196

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nhiZ kV Ave`yi ingvb nvRx Avjvn& ivLv mvne gv`vRxi m

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nvqvZ ZvBqev

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GB mgqwU Avgvi Rxebi AwZ Dg mgq wQj| GLvb nhiZi AZzjbxq
Mjv `Lvi Dg myhvM cjvg| Avqbvq KvgvjvZ Bmjvg, dZn&
Bmjvg, Zwhn givg, Ghvjvq AvJnvg, kvnv`vZzj-KviAvb,
eiKvZz`-`vqv cfwZ wKZve A A `Ljvg| Ave`yi ivngvb kV
mvne AbyMn Ki nhiZi KZvemg~ni GK GK Kwc Avgvi Rb Lwi`
Kijb; kV mvnei GB DrK wZjv GLbv Avgvi KvQ AzY
AvQ| Avwg Gjvi viv e DcKZ njvg| nhiZ AvK`vmi jLvjv
_K Avwg RvbZ cvijvg Avwg h gyRv` Rvgvbvi Abymvb
KiwQjvg, cKZc Hkx vb wZwb Rbve nhiZ wghv Mvjvg Avn&g`
mvneB wQjb| Avjvn& nhiZKB eZgvb hyMi wdrbvi gvKvejvq
Bmjvgi cvavb vcbv_ mw KiQb|
GLb cavb ck, Avwg wK Ggb Rjxjyj K`i, gnvgvb Bgvgi AbyeZx
ne ? A_ev Kvdixi I AbyhvMi UzKwi gv_vq wbe ? GKRb fvj ag ev
wnme mgM fviZevcx hUzKz mvb ARb KiwQ, Zv GB mZi Rb

nvqvZ ZvBqev

199

Kzievb Ki cksmvi cwieZ jvKi Awfkvci cv ne ? bv, wkqv`i

bxwZ MnY Ki nhiZ wghv mvnei KvQ Zuvi gZvej^x Ges wei
ev`x`i KvQ (gvAvhvjvn&) wghv mvnei weivax mR evnev be ?
AvhRbK wavi ga Avgvi KqK w`b Kvw`qvb KvUj| cwZw`b Ku`
Ku` Avjvn-ZvAvjvi KvQ `vqv KiZvg: hw` Zvgvi myw wghv
mvnei AbyewZZv I Zuvi Avv cvjb _vK, Ze AvgvK ^chvM
hgb eevi Zzwg KiQv GeviI cKZ welq Avgvi KvQ cwivi Ki|
wKy Gw`K m~Y wb _vKjv| gnvbKZvi GUvB BQv wQj h, Avwg
wbRB Zvi c` eyw eenvi Ki Avgvi jvf-wZ `L b KvR Kwi|
cvUbv nvB zji cavb wkKi c`ZvM Kiv Acv Gevi evcvi
iZi eva njv| Gevi GK fvix Kvievbxi myhvM| GK cv mvgb
AMmi nB Zv, GK cv cQb| kqZvb ejZ, wgTv, hw` asm nZ,
jvbv, Aegvbbv _K wbivc` _vKZ PvI, Pzc Pzc Kvw`qvb _K ei
nI| dik&Zv ejZ : `yfvMv, Zzwg nvw`m cowb? h ew mgmvgwqK
Bgvg bv wPb gi, m Ai gZzeiY Ki| Zvici, h Aevq Lv`v
c` eyw ZvgvK ejQ h, Rbve nhiZ wghv mvneB hvgvbvi Bgvg,
Zzwg Zuvi w`K _K gyL wdwiq Kv_vq hve? cvw_e Rxebi KqKw`b
KvR-Kg Ges fyqv mvbi Rb Zvgvi wPiw`bi ^v_ b Kie ? n,
AevPxb, n A`~i`kx, Zzwg h AvwZK evwaZ fzMQ, Zvi wPwKrmv Avjvn&ZvAvjv Zvgvi KvQ cuwQqQb| Kgb `yfvMv ! Zvgvi AvavwZK
^vi kZv Ki AfixY AcweZv I KcUZvi Rxeb wbgwZ
_vKZ PvI? n ezMY, Avwg dik&Zvi K_v bjvg Ges 1894 mvji
11B Rvbyqvwi Rygvi ivZ Kvw`qvbi iBm nhiZ Bgvgyj-Iqv hvgvbvi
gyRv` Rbve wghv Mvjvg Avn&g` mvnei eqAvZ MnY Kijvg Ges
ZuvK Avgvi Bgvg ^xKvi Kijvg| Abi, mRb hveZxq cksmv Avjvn&
ZvAvjvi|
eqAvZ MnYi ci wZb w`b ch Kvw`qvb _vKvi myhvM njv| GB kl
wZbw`b hLb Avwg RvgvZi m bvgvh coZ _vKjvg, ZLb Avwg Abyfe
KiZ jvMjvg h GLb Avwg bvgvh cwo| A_vr, bvgvh Avwg
AvvhRbK ^v` cjvg| 13B Rvbyqvwi Avwg Avgvi Bgvg _K we`vq
MnY Ki jvnvi Gjvg| gnvaygavgi mv_ BsiwRZ eZv Kijvg|
eZvq nhiZ AvK`vmi viv h AvavwZK DcKvi nqwQj eYbv
Kijvg| hLb Avwg cvve gY kl Ki gv`vR cuQjvg, ZLb Avwg IB

200

nvqvZ ZvBqev

me evcviiB myLxb njvg, hv mZi cwgKiv cwZ hyM cwZ `k

fvM KiQb| gmwR` IqvR KiZ wbla Kiv njv| cZK gmwR`B
Bk&Znvi `qv njv nvmvb Avjx mybZ RvgvZ bB| KD Zvi IqvR
be bv| cywjkK msev` `qv njv Avwg Akvw wevi Kwi| h ew
gv KqK w`b AvM kvgmyj Iqvqhxb Rbve gjvbv gjex nvmvb Avjx
Iqvqh Bmjvg ej AwfwnZ nZ, m GLb ay nvmvb Avjx ev bvg
Kw_Z nZ jvMj| BwZc~e Iqvh GKRb Awj ej gb Kiv nZv|
GLb Avgvi Pq eo kqZvb KD _vKjv bv| hw`KB hZvg, jvK
Avyj w`q `LvZ| mvjvg KiZvg| Reve cZvg bv| Avgvi mv_ mvvr
KiZ jvK fq cZ| GK fqven cvYxZ cwiYZ njvg|1

Rbve gjex nvmvb Avjx mvne eoB myiwmK, m`vnvmgq cyil wQjb|
hw` GLvb Zvui cyK _K cvVK`i KvQ Zuvi GKwU vbg~jK imK_v cwiekb Kiv nq Zvnj AcvmwK ne bv| wZwb ejb :
gv`vRi IqvjvRvnx gm&wR` nhiZ wghv mvnei eqAvZ Kivi ci hLb
Avwg `i` kixdi IqvR KiZ PvBjvg, AvgvK wbla Kiv njv| Avwg
mLvb _K iIqvbv nj GKRb gymjgvb Bgvb`vi AvgvK ejZ jvMj,
GB Kvdi, GB Kvdi,| GB `vvj GB `vvj| Avwg gb gb
fvejvg, GB ewI Avgv`iB `vwei mg_b KiQ| KviY, Avwg GK PvL
wewk bB| mi MR Mvavi Ici mvIqvi bB| RxweZK gZ Ges gZK
RxweZ Kwi bv| Zey GB fvj gvbyl AvgvK `vvj ejQ Kb? ay GB
Rb h, Zvi Lqvj gZ m eyS wbqQ Avwg nhiZ AvK`vm wghv
mvnei AbyeZx nq givn& nq cowQ Ges givnx wevi KiwQ|
myZivs, m hLb GKRb Kjgv cov Avn&j KejvK- h GB gv Rygvi
bvgvh co `i` kixdi gvnvZ eYbv KiZ PqwQj- ZuvK `vvj
ejv DwPZ gb KiQ, ZLb hw` Avgiv CmvcyRvix RvwZK givn KiZ
hv`i bvq wZxq Avi KD bB-`vvj ewj, Ze Abvq wK Kwi ?2

(1) Zvqx` nK, 71-75 c:|

(2) Zvqv` nK, 136 c:|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

201

1894 mvji Gwcj Avmgvbx wb`kb - P` I m~h MnY :

nhiZ Bgvg gvn&`x AvjvBnm& mvjvgi AvMgbi wb`kbmg~ni ga
GUvI GKwU eo wb`kb wQj h, ighvb kixdi gvm P` MnY I m~h MnY
ne| GB mwKZ nv`xmwU GB :

A_vr, Avgv`i gvn&`xi Rb `ywU wb`kb AvQ| hZw`b ai Rwgb

Avm&gvbi mw nqQ, Ggb wb`kb Kvb `vweKviKi Rb cKvwkZ
nqwb| GB wb`kb `ywU njv P` MnYi ZvwiLjvi ga c_g ZvwiL
A_vr 13 ZvwiL Ges m~h MnYi w`bjvi gaeZx w`em A_vr 28 ZvwiL
MnY ne|1
GB wb`kb 1311 wn: gvZveK 1894 wLv cw_exi c~e Mvjva, A_vr
BDivc, Gwkqv I AvwdKvq cKvwkZ nq|2 Ges 1895 wLv cw_exi
cwg Mvjva A_vr AvgwiKvq GUv cKvwkZ nq| Abi Avjvn&
ZvAvjviB mg cksmv|
Avjvn& ZvAvjv mgM wek GB MnY c`kbc~eK GB mv w`qQb GB
Bgvg Zuvi c _K AvMgb KiQb| wZxq, GB K_v cKvk Kiv nqQ
h Zuvi Avnvb I wZwb h bexi AbyewZZv I Avv cvjb Kib A_vr, AvunhiZ mvjvjv AvjvBn Iqv mvjvgi Avnvbi gZ mvefwgK,
meRbxb| ZZxq, c_g c~e Mvjva MnY viv h_vme GB mZ Kiv
nqQ h, Zuvi Rb I Avwefve c~e MvjvaI nIqvi wQj Ges ci Zuvi
c _K Bmjvgi Avn&evb cwg Mvjva cuQvb ne Ges Avjvn&B
mevcv Dg Rvbb Ges Zuvi vbB mgK|

LvRv Kvgvjyxb mvnei eqAvZ, 1894 mvj :

LvRv Kvgvjyxb mvne jvnvi digvb wLvb KjR Aaqb KiwQjb|
cvwicvwkK cwZwqvi dj wLvb agi cwZ Zuvi AvKlY RwQj| wKy
Avjvn& ZvAvjv Zuvi nvZ cmvwiZ Kijb| Kv_vI _K wZwb evivnxb
(2) `vi-Kzrbx 1000 c:|
(3) cvBIwbqi Ges wmwfj Gv wgwjUvix MRU 6 wWm^i, 1894 wL mvj|

202

nvqvZ ZvBqev

Avng`xqv cqwQjb| ci, Avi wK? evivnxb Avng`xqv hZB cvV

KiZ jvMjb, ZZB wLvb gZev`i cfve Zvi gb _K `~ixfZ nZ
jvMj Ges Bmjvgi bvbv is cKvwkZ nZ jvMj| cieZxZ Kvw`qvb
DcwZ nq nhiZ AvK`vmi nvZ eqAvZ njb| ZuviB AbyciYvq
jL&ivg msv fwelvYx c~Y nIqvi ci gjex gynv` Avjx mvne
1897 mvji gvP gvm eqAvZ MnY Kijb|

gjex imyj evev AgZmixi Dk kl hyw :

AgZmii Djvgv`i ga imyj evevi K_v c~eB eYbv Kiv nqQ| Bwb
Kvwkix eskvyZ wQjb| Zuvi bvg wQj Mvjvg imyj| wKy Did imyj
evev ejB wZwb ewk cwiwPZ wQjb| BwZ Lvb gynv` kvn gigi
gmwR`i Bgvg wQjb| ZuvK Kvwkix fiv nhiZ Bmv gmxni RxweZ
_vKv m^ Kvb wKZve wjLZ eva Kivq wZwb nvqvZzj&-gmxn& bvgK
GKwU cywKv wjLjb| cywKvwUi Kvb Reve bvB nIqvi KvwbK `vwe
cgvYv_ GK nvRvi UvKvi cyivi NvlYvI Kiv njv| nhiZ AvK`vmi
KvQ hLb cywKvwU cuQj, ZLb hyi Gi Reve jLvi NvlYv Kijb
Ges ejjb 1894 mvji Ryb gvmi kl ch AgZmii wZb Rb cwm
iBm Luv evnv`yi, LvRv BDmyd kvn& Ges nvRx gxi gvn&gy` mvne`i KvQ
cyivii UvKv imyj evevi Rgv Kiv KZe Ges Zuv`iK gZv w`Z
ne, Zvuiv Zvu`i ^vihy GKwU wjwLZ ey GB gg ciY Kib h,
Zuviv GK mnm UvKv eyS cqQb Ges Zuviv AxKvi KiQb h wghv
Mvjvg Avng` Gi Rq wbYxZ nj GK nvRvi UvKv wghv mvneK Awej^
c`vb Kieb Ges imyj evevi mv_ Gi KvbB mK _vKe bv|
hyi ejjb h, wZwb GB wggvsmvi Rb gjex gynv` mvqb mvne
evUvjexKB gbvbxZ KiQb| wKy GB kZ _vKe GKwU cKvk mfvq
D gjex mvne wbwjwLZ AxKvi Kieb :
DcwZ kvZve`, Lv`vi Kmg! Avwg Dfq cyKB AvMvMvov `LwQ|
Avwg Lv`v ZvAvjvi Kmg Lq ejwQ evweK gjex imyj evevi cyK
mywbwZfve Ges ALbxq Dcvq nhiZ Cmvi RxweZ _vKv cgvwYZ
KiQ Ges h cwZev` cyK ei nqQ Gi Reve viv Gi g~j KZb nq
bv Ges hw` Avwg wg_v ej _vwK A_ev Avgvi gb Gi weig~jK Kvb
K_v _vK, Ze Avwg `vqv KiwQ h GK eQii ga Avgvi Kz evwa nq

nvqvZ ZvBqev

203

A_ev A nB, ev Ab Kvb RNb Avhve cvYZvM Kwi| ZLb mg

DcwZ ew wZbevi DP:^i ejeb,Avwgb, Avwgb, Avwgb|
AZ:ci, mfvf ne| Zvici GK eQi mB KmgKvix wbivc` _vKj
gbvbxZ KwgwU imyj evevi nvRvi UvKv mmvb cZvcY Kieb| ZLb
AvwgI GB ^xKvic cKvk Kie h, evweK imyj evev nhiZ gwmn&
AvjvBnm mvjvgi RxweZ _vKv cgvY KiQb| wKy GK eQi ch UvKv
gbvbxZ KwgwUi KvQ Rgv _vKe| hw` imyj evev mvne A imvjv
cKvwkZ nIqvi `yB mvni ga nvRvi UvKv Rgv bv Kib, Ze Zvi
w`e wg_vevw`Zv I cebv cgvwYZ ne| ZLb cZKiB KZe ne,
GB cKvi ceK wg_vev`x jvK`i Awb nZ Avjvn& ZvAvjvi cvbvn&
wfv Kiv|1
nhiZ AvK`vmi imvjv Brgvg r bvg wjwLZ nqwQj| gyw`Z
nIqv gv nhiZ AvK`vm GB imvjv gjex gynv` mvqb mvne
evUvjex Ges DcivwjwLZ AgZmii cfvekvjx`iK iwRx WvK
hvM ciY Kib| wKy gjex imyj evev DjwLZ kZjv gyic~eK
gq`vb ei nIqvi mvnm Kibwb| dj Zuvi `j _K nhiZ wgTv
RxDb evU,2 wgTv gynv` myjZvb mvne, wgTv Mvjvg imyj mvne Ges
Aviv Kvb Kvb AKcU gyLwjm ew nhiZ AvK`vmi eqAvZ MnY
Kib|

gjex imyj evevi cM gZz, 1902 mvji 8B wWm^i :

GB NUbvi KqK eQi ci, hLb nhiZ AvK`vm AvjvBnm& mvjvg Avjvn&
ZvAvjv _K msev` cv nq GB K_v NvlYv Kijb, `k cM wevi
jvf Kie, ZLb gjex imyj evev AZ `vwKfve ejjb h, GB
fxlY cM wbivc` _vKv Zuvi mZZvi cwiPvqK| hLb imyj evevi mZZvi
GB `wjj knii ga Dgic Qwoq `qv njv, ZLb 1902 mvji
8B wWm^i ZvwiL cM Gm ZuvK AvgY Kij Ges Zuvi gZz
wmjwmjvi mZZvi GKwU wb`kb nq iBjv|

(1) imvjv Brgvg-r, 28 c:|

(2) Bwb ci nhiZ gjvbv mq` gynv` mviIqvi kvn mvnei ki nb|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

205

1894 mvji M :
1| nvgvgvZzj eyk&iv- GB wKZve hyi RbK gyLjm Avie gynv` web&
Avng` gxi Zvn&ixK nRvhevmx`i Dk cYqb Kib| GB
wKZve hyi Zuvi AvKvq` I `vwe wevwiZfve Lyj ejb|
2| b~ij&-nK&, c_g I wZxq L| GUvI hyii Aviwe Zm&bxd| Gi
c_g L 1894 mvji deqvwi gvm I Gi wZxq L 1894 mvji
g gvm cKvwkZ nq| AgZmi gyevnvmvq Ave`yjvn& Av_g hLb
civwRZ njb, ZLb cv`x Bgv`Dxb cwZkva MnYv_ GKwU eB,
Zwhbyj AvKIqvj wjLjb| GB cyK Avu-nhiZ mvjvjv
AvjvBn I mvjvgi wei AbK wel D`&wMiY Kijb Ges KziAvb
Kixgi dvmvnvZ evjvMZi weiI bvbv cKvi Avcw Kijb|
ZZxZ BsiR`i nhiZ AvK`vmi wei GB ej Dvwb `qv
njv h Zv`iK `vvj ejv nq Ges GKw`b kw mq Ki
we`vn DcwZ Kiv ne BZvw`| GB eB nhiZ AvK`vmi KvQ
cuQj, Gi Reve hyi b~ij-nK cYqb Kib Ges Gi cZzi
jLK cv`xi Rb cuvP nvRvi UvKv cyivi NvlYv Kijb|1
3| Brgvgyj&-r- GB wKZve nhiZ AvK`vm Aviwe I E`yZ cYqb
Kib| Gi m^ Dci AvjvwPZ nqQ|
4| wmi&ij&-Lyjvdv- GB wKZveI Aviwe I E`y fvlvq iwPZ nq| GwU,
1894 mvji RyjvB gvm cKvwkZ nq| GZ wLjvdZ m^ AZ
m~ evnvm Kiv nq Ges wkqv-mywbi weivai AZzrK cwZZ hyi
wggvsmv `vb Kib|
5| Avb&Iqvij&-Bmjvg-Ave`yjvn& Av_g iRy (cZvMgY) Kivi dj
wbw` mgqi ga Zvi gZz nqwb ej jvK e PuPvgwP Ki|
Zv`i kviMvji Reve hyi GB wKZve cKvk Kib| Zv hyii
wKQz BkZnvii mgw| GB BkZnvijv Av_gK njd Kivi Rb
AMmi Kivi Dk hyi mnm mnm UvKv cyivi NvlYvmn cKvk
Kib| GB wKZve 1894 mvji 6 m^i cKvwkZ nq|

(1) Avj-nvKvg, GKv`k el, 1g msLv, e`i 6 el, 1g msLv|

206

nvqvZ ZvBqev

1894 mvji mvjvbv Rjmv :

hw`I 1893 mvji Rjmv nhiZ AvK`vm Kvb Kvb KviY wMZ Ki
wQjb, wKy 1894 mvji wbw` ZvwiLjvZB Rjmvi Awaekb njv|
GB Rjmvq hvM`vbi Rb hyi Kvb Kvb ezK c viv wbgY
Kib| dj GB Rjmvq ezMY c~evcv AwaK msLvq hvM`vb Kib|

mvneRv`v wghv kixd Avn&g` mvnei R, 1895 mvji 24 g :

1895 mvji 24 g nhiZ mvneRv`v wghv kixd Avn&g` mvne RbMnY
Kib| Zvi m^ nhiZ AvK`vm h_vme `yevi Bjnvg cv njb,
, A_vr, Lv`v-ZvAvjvi c _K eqtcv GB Bjnvg-g~j
Avgv`i `p cZq GB h, Avjvn-ZvAvjv ZuvK AmvaviYfve `xNvqy
c`vb Kieb| GKevi nhiZ AvK`vm ^c `Ljb mvneRv`v wghv
kixd Avn&g` mvne cvMox coQb Ges `yB ew cvk `uvwoq AvQ|
GKRb kixd Avng` mvnei w`K Bkviv Ki ejj,
(IB
ev`kvn& GmQb) wZxq ew ejj, GLb Zv wZwb Kvwh neb
(
) nhiZ AvK`vm ejQb, Kvwh nvKvgKI
( ) ejv nq| Kvwh mZZvi mg_b Ges AmZi Lb Kib|1
GKevi mvne hv`v nhiZ kwid Avng` mvne wekl Amy nj nhiZ
AvK`vm Zuvi m^ wbwjwLZ Bjnvgjv cv nb :

Bjnvgjvi Abyev` GB :1| Lv`v ZvAvjv ZvK AvkvZxZ Avqy`vb Kieb|

2| Lv`v ZvAvjv ZvK AvkvZxZ AwaK Avgxi Kieb|
(1) eZ: Avjvn ZvAvjv KqKevi AmvaviY cxovi gaI 1962 mvji 26 wWm^i
ch Rxeb `vb Kib| (Abyev`K)
(2) e`i,10 Rvbyqvix, 1907 mvj|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

207

3| Zzwg wK me kwgvbK Pb bv ? (GUv Zuvi Iqvj`v (gvZv) mvnevi

m^ Bjnvg)|
4| Zvgvi gbvgbv c~Y ne|
5| Lv`v mek ndvRZKvix Ges wZwb mKj `qvevbi Pq AwaK
`qvevb|

nhiZ Bmv gmxn&i Kei MelYv_ kxbMi cwZwbwa `j ciYi

cve :
GB eQiB wZwb kxbMi LvbBqvi gnjvq nhiZ gmxn& bvmix AvjvBnm&
mvjvgi Kei cgvYc~eK wLvb I gymwjg RMZi KvQ GKwU ZvRv
HwZnvwmK mZ D`&NvUb Kijb| b~ij-KziAvb wZxq L GB MelYv
wbq mvlRbK AvjvPbvKi cgvY Kijb h, Kvwkixiv mevB ewb
Bmvwqjx| Zviv beyL`& wbrmii mgq AvdMvwbvb I Kvwkii w`K
wnhiZ Ki GmwQjv| Aviv AwaK MelYv_ wZwb Zuvi RvgvZi ezMY
m^wjZ GK cwZwbwa`jI kxbMi ciY Kib| Zuviv cyivcywi MelYvi
ci Zuvi KvQ wicvU ck Kijb| Zv Aej^bg wZwb GKwU
HwZnvwmK wKZve gmxn& wn`yvb g cYqb Kijb| cwZkZ gmxni
Avwefvei GKwU iZc~Y Dk wQj zk f Kiv| myZivs, GB
MelYv viv wZwb Gi gReyZ wfw vcb Kijb| Zvici, Avjvn-ZvAvjv
Ggb Aevi mw Kijb h, ^qs wLvb MelYvKvix`i c _K GB
welq h_ DcKiY m~Y avivevwnKfve mieivn nqQ| `v ^ic
cieZx cvq G cm MelYvj wKQz Qwe I cvPxb cyKvw` _K DwZ
Dcvcb Kiv njv|
1| GbmvBKvwcwWqv weUwbKvi, (Encyclopaedia Britannica) PZz`k
L nhiZ gmxn& bvmixi Kvb Kvb Qwe cKvwkZ nqQ|1 Zvi gvag
cwivi Rvbv hvq, nhiZ gmxn& bvwmix wbqB GK k eQiiI AwaK
Rxeb jvf KiwQjb| G Qwejv ivg bMixZ cvci KvQ cwe
(1) Avw` hyMi Kvb Kvb wLvb we ew gmxni `xN Rxeb cvw ^xKvi KiZb|
`v j, wLxq wZxq kZvxZ Biwbqym wjLQb h, weki cyYZg Av`k
nQb nhiZ gmxn& bvmix| wZwb evj, heb I evaK wKvjB RxweZ wQjb|
(wekc Biwbqym cYxZ i e`vZ Reputation of Innovations, ZZxq Aavq)|

nhiZ Cmv bvmix (AvjvBnm& mvjvg)-Gi `ywU Qwe|

G Qwe viv Zvui eqm

60/65 eQi Abygvb Kiv nq|
G Qwe viv Zvui eqm GKk eQi
AcvI AbK AwaK Abygvb Kiv nq|

Dcii Qwe `ywU 1800 eQi hveZ cwe AvgvbZ ^ic wLvb RMZ msiY
Ki AvmQ| 1957 wLv Gjv mec_g weki mvgb Avbv nq Ges
wbgwjwLZ bvU mn Encyclopaedia of Britan nica -Z cKvwkZ nq :ivgi mU wcUvm MxRvq Kvcoi Ici Zwi G Qwe `ywU cvPxb wZjvi
mv_ msiwZ nq AvmQ| Qwejv wLxq wZxq kZvxi ej mywbwZfve
Rvbv hvq|
33 eQi eqm hxwL AvKvk Mgb Kib ej wLvb`i wekvm KZUzKz mZ,
Qwejv _K cvVK ek Abygvb KiZ cvib|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

209

AvgvbZ ^ic msiwZ AvQ| BbmvBKvwcwWqv weUwbKvq wjwLZ AvQ

h wZxq ev ZZxq kZvxZ wLvbiv G Qwejv Zwi Ki|
2| Avgv`i mvgb Bwji hme cyK AvQ, ZvZ cwivifve ewYZ
nqQ, nhiZ gmxn& AvjvBnm& mvjvgK zki NUbvi ci AvKvk DVvb
nq| `v j, gvK I jyKi klvsk Ges hvnbi ZZxq Aavqi
qv`k c` gmxn& AvKvk hvIqvi K_v wjwLZ AvQ| wK eZgvb mgq
AvaywbK wLvb MelKMY Bwji cvPxb I wek e Abywjwc cyivZb
wPvejx _K Dvi KiQb Ges G`i cwZ `wcvZ Ki cgvY KiQb
h, G eYbvjv cw| 1611 mvji Abygvw`Z Abyev` (Authorised
Version) G me weeiY mwbwe wQj| 1881 mvji mskvwaZ Abyev`
(Revised Version) cv`-UxKvq GKwU bvU mshvRb Ki ejv nq,
AbK AbywjwcZ G K_v cvIqv hvq bv| A_vr, nhiZ gmxn& AvKvk
wMqQb Ges wkliv gmxnK AvKvk hZ `Lb, cvPxb wek
AbywjwcZ wjwLZ bB| cKvk _vK h, G mgqB nhiZ gmxn gvDI`
AvjvBnm& mvjvZz Iqvm&-mvjvg Zvui myweLvZ cyK evivnxb Avn&g`xqv
cYqb KiwQjb| Zv _K G mvb cvIqv hvq h, Avjvn& ZvAvjvI Zvui
KvRi Rb dikZv`i gvag c_ cwivi i Kib|
Zvici, 1946 mvji mskvwaZ Av`k Abyev` (Revised Standard
Version) _K DjwLZ c`jv m~Y ev` `qv nqQ Ges cv`UxKv
viKwjwc wjwLZ nqQ, Kvb Kvb AbywjwcZ DjwLZ c`jvI
AvQ| eZgvb E`y Bwji nvwkqvZI G bvU c` nqQ h gvKi
kl eviwU c` cvPxb AbywjwcZ bB| G eviwU c`B gmxn& AvKvk
hvIqvi K_v wjwLZ AvQ| D UxKvq ejv nqQ, cvPxb AbywjwcZ G`i
vb cvP I cZxP gmxni evZv cPvii K_v wjwLZ wQj|1
wm.Avi. MMix Dciv DwZi h Abyev` wjLQb, ZvZ B
cZxqgvb nq h nhiZ gmxn ki NUbvi ci c~e `k Avwef~Z nb Ges
cZxP Zvui agi cPvi Zvui wkl`i gvag PvjvZ _vKb| AbK_vq,
AvKvk hvIqvi vb cvPxb AbywjwcjvZ wjwLZ wQj h, zki NUbvi
ci bvmixi nhiZ gmxn c~e `k Avwef~Z nb|2 GB nc I cwieZb
(1) wekl Rvbvi Rb, eZgvb MelYvi cwicwZ wjwLZ Ave`yj Kv`i jvqjcywi
cYxZ gvKm Kv AvLix IivK (gvKi kl cvZv) cvV Kib|
(2) wm, Avi, MxMix cYxZ,The Canon And The Testamenents `Lyb|

210

nvqvZ ZvBqev

_K wK cgvwYZ nq bv h, Pvi Bwji jLK`i gZ nhiZ gmxn

bvmix AvKvk hvbwb eis wZwb c~e w`K `k wnRiZc~eK AvMgb Kib
Ges mLvb _K Zvui wkl`i gvag cZxP Zvi ag cPvi Kib| hw`
Zvui AvKvk hvIqvi evcvi mZ nZv, Ze wek Pvi Bwj Gi DjL
bv _vKv KLbv me wQj bv|
3| B`vbxs nhiZ gmxni Kvdb cvIqv MQ| zki NUbvi ci GB
Kvdb viv Zvui cwe `nK Rovbv nqwQj| G Kvdb ev ke-cwiQ`
m^ Rvgvb wevbxMY h bZzb MelYv KiQb, Zv bwfqvi GKwU
cwKvq gmxn wK zk cvYZvM KiQb? wkivbvg cKvwkZ nq|1
cwKvi mv`K wjLQb :
1| GK `j Rvgvb wevbx AvU eQi hveZ gmxni Kvdbi Dci
MelYviZ| mcwZ Zv`i MelYvi dj cmK Rvbvb nqQ|
gmxni `yB nvRvi eQii cyibv Kvdb BUvjxi Uzwib (Turin) kni
cvIqv MQ| GZ gmxni `ni wP AwZ AvQ|
wevbxMY G MelYv m^ cvcK AewnZ KiQb| cvc GLb
ch wbzc AvQb| KviY GB MelYvi dj Kv_wjK PvPi ag
BwZnvmi iZc~Y inm f` nqQ| dUvMvwdi mvnvh wevbxMY
cgvY KiZ PqQb h, `yB nvRvi eQi AvM hv gvbyl AjwKK
ej wekvm KiZv, Zv m~Y ^vfvweK welq wQj| Zvuiv ZB cgvY
KiQb h, gmxn& KLbv zk cvYZvM Kibwb|
G MelYvq Aviv jLv nqQ :
Kvcoi Abvb wP viv cgvwYZ nqQ h, Gi Aavsk gmxni
`ni mv_ Rovbv nqwQj Ges Aci Aavsk gv_vq Rovbv nqwQj|
Zvici gmxni `ni Zvc I Ilya cqvMi dj `ni wP Kvco
AwZ nq co Ges gmxni `n _K wbMZ ZvRv i Kvco
kvwlZ nq `ni Qvc Kvco ciQ| KvuUvi gyKzU civbv nqwQj
ej nhiZ gmxni Kcvj I Kuvai Ea NlYRwbZ ZwP, gmxni
`wY wbg Pvqvji xwZ, ei Wvb cvk ekvi Z-wP Ges
Kvgi zki NlY wP GB mg wKQzB dUvZ `Lv hvq| wK
(1) cwKvwUi bvg Stockholm Zidiningen.
1957 mvj 2 Gwcj, D KvMR DwjwLZ ceLvbv cKvwkZ nq|

Kvigvb DcZKvi `kwU Mn&eii ga cixwZ Mn&eii `k|

Kvigvb nvi _K cv gmjvw`mn myiwZ

nxe Bwb c~Y `ywU gZ&cv|

bvU : wdwjwbi c~e-w`K Kvgivb DcZKvi nv _K cvIqv cyKjv

mvsevw`K`i KvQ Dead Sea Scrolls bvg cwiwPZ| GB cyKjv njv
nhiZ Cmv gymxni MxwZKvejx, wkl`i wjwLZ weeiY Ges Avw` wLvb
mvwnZ| Gjv 1947 mvj _K RMvmxi `wZ AvmZ iKi| `kwU
nvi ga GLb ch GKwU nvi cyKjv cKvwkZ nqQ| wK G jv
_K wbwZfve cgvwYZ nqQ h bvmvixq gmxn Ges Zvui wkl`i ag
wekvm AweKj ZvB wQj, hv KziAvb Kixg Zvu`i ag ej ewYZ nqQ|
yki gZz nZ AenwZ Ges mywexY f~fvM cwigYi DjLI Kvgivb
cvIqv hvq|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

213

mevcv weqKi welq GB h, bMwUf dUv gmxni gxwjZ

PzqK DbxwjZ Pzq ic cKvk KiQ|
zk gZz _K AevnwZ Ges mywexY f~fvM cwigYi DjLI Kvgivb
nvq cv cywKvjv _K cwivi cvIqv hvq|
dUvMvwdK cixv GUvI cKvk KiQ h, ciK nvZi ZvjyZ bq
nvZi Kvi gReyZ mshvMj we Kiv nqwQj Ges GUvI cKvk cvq
h, ekv gmxni rwc Av` k Kiwb| evBej ej, gmxn cvY `vb
Kib| wK wevbxMY wi wbwZ nq ejb h, rwci wqv e
nqwb A_r gZzeiY Kiwb|
MelYvq GwUI ejv nq h, GK NUv ch gmxn cvYZvM c~eK Szjvbv
_vKj i wKq wbtkl nq hZ Ges m Aevq icvZi `vM
Kvco jvMZ bv| wK Kvco viv i kvwlZ nIqvq cgvwYZ nq h,
gmxnK zk nZ hLb bvgvbv nqwQj, m mgq wZwb RxweZ wQjb|1
4| fviZxq cZZ wefvM KZK kxbMi GjvKvq h cZZvwK Lbb KvR
Kiv nq, Zvi dj wLvb`i GKwU AwZ cvPxb Keivb cvIqv hvq|
GwUI G K_vi mv `q h, Kvb mgq GLvb wL ag cej wQj|
5| B`vbxs wdwjwbi AvM I gZ mvMii Di w`K Kvgivb ceZi
nv nZ wLvb MelK`i msMnxZ Z_ Abymvi bvmxweq nhiZ gmxni
wjwLZ e MxwZKv nMZ nqQ| GB mKj MxwZKvq wjwLZ AvQ h,
kiv ZvK ea Kivi Pv KiwQj| wK Lv`v ZvAvjv ZvuK gZzi Kej
nZ iv KiQb Ges Kei, Z_v ceZnv nZ ei Ki f~-ci Ici
Avbb| ciewZZ, e vb wZwb cwigY Kib| GB MxwZKvwj
Abymvi gmxn IB mKj ag wekvmB cKvk Kib, hv KziAvb kixd
nhiZ Cmv (Av.) m^ ewYZ nqQ|2

(1) Stockholm Zidiningen.

1957 mvj 2 Gwcj D KvMR DwjwLZ cewU cKvwkZ nq|
(2) MxwZKv-jv cvVi Rb `Lyb
The Riddle of the scrolls, by IB.E. Del Medico.

214

nvqvZ ZvBqev

Avh I wLvb`i cwZ agxq weZKi cwZ I bxwZ wbaviK

bvwUk Ges miKvii KvQ viKwjwc, 1895 mvji 22
m^i :
agxq weZK fviZeli h `yB RvwZi mv_ nhiZ AvK`vmi mK
NUwQj, Zviv Zv`i KzevKi Rb KzLvZ wQj| GB RvwZqi w`q
Avgiv Avh I wLvb`iK eySvwQ| nhiZ AvK`vm Zv`i KzevK
ceYZvi KviY 1885 mvji 22 m^i GB Dfq RvwZKB GKwU
bvwUk `b| ZvZ fviZ MfYgUiI gbvhvM AvKlY Ki ejv nq h,
cPwjZ agxq weZKi cwZZ Avg~j cwieZb Avmv AZvekK Ges
cPwjZ cwZi cwieZ GB cKvi weavb nIqv DwPZ :
(1) Kvb c Aci ci wei Ggb Kvb Avcw Dvcb KiZ cvie
bv, hv ^qs Zv`iB Gjnvgx wKZvei wei hvq|
(2) cZK c Zv`i meRb mgv`Z I ^xKZ wKZvejvi GKwU
ZvwjKv cKvk Kie Ges IB mKj wKZvei evBi Kvb wKZvei DwZ
w`q Kvb c Avcw Dvcb KiZ cvie bv| Z`byhvqx nhiZ AvK`vm
wbgewYZ wKZvejvi GKwU ZvwjKv Bmjvgi c _K c`vb Kib :c_g : KziAvb kixd|
wZxq : eyLvix kixd, hw` Gi Kvb nvw`m KziAvb kixdi wei bv
hvq|
ZZxq : mnxn gymwjg, hw` Gi Kvb nvw`m KziAvb kixdi wei bv
hvq|
PZz_ : Rvg wZiwgwh, Beb gvRv, gyv, bmvqx, Avey `vD`, `vi-KzZ&bx,
hw` G`i ewYZ Kvb nvw`m KziAvb kixdi wei bv hvq|
Avh Ges wLvb`iKI wZwb wjLjb h, ZvivI Zv`i meRb ^xKZ I
mgv`Z agMi ZvwjKv cKvk Kib| AZ:ci, mKj cK GB wbqg
cvjb KiZ ne h, KD Kviv wei Ggb Kvb ck Kieb bv, hvi
cgvY Zviv IB mKj M nZ c`kb KiZ cvieb bv|
cKvk _vK h, ag msv Akvw I MvjhvM wbwi GwU GKwU
GKvB hywmZ cve wQj| wZwb nvRvi nvRvi gymjgvbi ^vi msMn
Ki fviZ miKvii KvQ GKwU viKwjwc ciY Kib| wK `ytLi

nvqvZ ZvBqev

215

welq Z`vbxb miKvi Gw`K gbvhvM `bwb| Aek, AbK eQi ci

GB AvBb cvk Kiv nq h, Kvb ag ceZKK Mvwj `qv ev ZvK
Aegvbbv Kiv AvBb Abyhvqx Aciva ne|

Wiv evev bvbK hvv (1895 mvji 30 m^i) :

meZ cvq 1872 mvji K_v| nhiZ AvK`vm AvjvBnm mvjvg evev
bvbK ingZzjvn AvjvBnK `yevi ^c `kb Kib| Zvui mv_ evKvjvc
evev bvbK cKvk Kib h, wZwb GKRb gymjgvb Ges h AvavwZK
cmeY nZ nhiZ AvK`vm cvb Kib mB cmeY nZ wZwbI cvb Kib|
nhiZ AvK`vm ejb h, wZwb Zv wbwZfve RvbZbB evev bvbK
mvne gymjgvb wQjb| wK jvKi KvQ DcwZ Kivi Rb Kvb `wjj
wQj bv| GB Rb wZwb wbyc _vKZb| wK `xNKvj ci Avjvn ZvAvjv
Ggb cgvY msMn Ki w`jb h, Zvi viv mywbwZ I cZfve Rvbv
hvq h evev bvbK gymjgvb wQjb| wbg Kejgv `ywU cgvY Dcvcb
Kiv nj :
GKUv wKse`w cPwjZ wQjv h, nhiZ evev bvbK ingZzjvn AvjvBni
GKwU Pvjv ev MvveiY wQj hv wZwb AvKvk nZ cv nqwQjb| mB
Pvjv ev MvveiY Rjv i`vmcyii AMZ Wiv-evev-bvbK bvgK vb
Kveyjx gji eskai`i nvZ msiwZ wQj| GUv `kbv_ e `~i`yiv
_K wkL m`viMY AvmZb| Kvb wec` NUj wkLiv GB MvveiY gv_vi
Ici iL `vqv KiZb| ZvZ wec` KvUZ| Pvjv mvnei G mg
cksmv keY nhiZ mvnei `q AvMn njv Pvjv AekB `LZ
ne| myZivs wZwb h_vixwZ GLviv (Avjvn ZvAvjvi KvQ gjvwkm
cv_bvi bvgvh) Ki 1895 mvji 30 m^i, mvgevi Lye fvi
KqKRb ezevemn Wiv-evev-bvbK AwfgyL hvv Kib| G hvvq hviv
mx wQjb, Zviv njb :
1| nhiZ gjvbv nvKxg b~ixb mvne ivwh Avjv Avb|
2| nhiZ gjvbv mq` gynvv` Avnmvb mvne|
3| nhiZ gjvbv Ave`yj Kixg mvne wkqvjKvUx|
4| Rbve gybwk Mvjvg Kv`i mvne dmxn|
5| nhiZ kL Ave`yi inxg mvne (fvBRx)
6| Rbve kL ingZzjvn mvne RivZx|

nhiZ evev bvbK (ingZzjvn AvjvBn) Gi

Pvjv mvne bvgK wcinvg|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

217

7| Rbve wghv AvBq~e eM mvne|

8| nhiZ gxi bvmi bIqve mvne|
9| nhiZ gxi gynv` BmgvCj mvne|
10| nhiZ kL nvg` Avjx mvne|
`ycyii AvM ejv cvq 10Uvq wZwb Wiv-evev-bvbK cQjb| 11Uvi
mgq GKRb Ai ezi Pvq Pvjv `Lvi myhvM nj| GB Pvjvi
Ici kZ kZ igvj Rovbv wQj| h eo jvKB AvmZb, GUvi Ici
Kvb g~jevb igvj iL hZb| wK KDB RvbZ bv h, ZvZ wK jLv
AvQ| nhiZ AvK`vm Ges Zvi mv_xiv h_ UvKv Pvjv c`kKK
Dcnvi w`qv Pvjv `kb Kijb| nhiZ AvK`vm GK GKRb ezi cwZ
GK GKwU KZe mgcY Kijb| KD Wvb nvZi, KD evg nvZi, KD
eyKi, KD e cvkiGfve Pvjvi wewfb vbi jLvwj Abywjwc
Kivi fvicv njb| cZK ezB wbR wbR KZe cvjb Kijb| Rvbv
Mj h, GB Pvjvi Ici

[jv Bjvnv Bjvjv gynvv`yi ivmyjyjvn| Bbv`-xbv B`vjvnj-Bmjvg|

Avk&nv`y Avj&-jv-Bjvnv Bjvjv Iqv Avk&-nv`y Avbv gynvv`vb& Ave`y I
ivmyjy|] Ges myiv dvZnv, AvqvZzj Kziwm, myiv BLjvm cfwZI wjwLZ
AvQ| hyi Kvw`qvb wdi wMq GB mdii AwfZv m^wjZ mr-ePb
bvgK GK wKZve cYqb Kijb| GB wKZve Pvjv mvnei dUv
mshvRb QvovI evev bvbKi wjwLZ cywKv Rbg-mvx nZI e DwZ
w`q G K_v cgvY Kijb h, evev bvbK mvne GKRb gymjgvb wQjb|
wZxq, cuyw_ mvne| GUv nhiZ evev bvbK ingZyjvn AvjvBn gymjgvb
nIqvi Aviv GKwU gnv iZc~Y cgvY mieivn Ki| GUv KqK eQi
ci 1908 mvji Gwcj gvm msMnxZ nq| wK GKm AvjvPbvi
myweav_ GLvb GUvi K_vI ejv nj| cuyw_ mvneI nhiZ evev bvbK
mvnei GKwU ZeiK| GUv wkLiv wdivRcyi Rjvi AMZ ini
mnvq bvgK vb KVvi mZKZv I hZi mv_ iv Ki AvmQb| GB
cyuw_ mvne wkL`i PZy_ i ivg`vm mvnei eskaii nvZ AvQ|
GB cyuw_ m^ wkLMY ejb h, nhiZ evev mvne me`v GUvK Mjvq
Szwjq ivLZb Ges AwaKvsk mgq GUvB cvV KiZb| GB cyuw_ mvne

218

nvqvZ ZvBqev

`kbv_ e `~i`yiv nZ jvK mgvMg nq _vK Ges nvRvi nvRvi fvM

mvgMx I `vb `wYv c`vb Kiv nq| GB cyuw_I Pvjv mvnei bvq kZ
kZ igvj AveZ| gvS ga KvDK Lyj `Lvb nq gv| KviY, GUvi
`kb-cv_xK bM` GKk UvKv bRivbv w`Z nq Ges whwb Mxbmxb
_vKb, wZwb GKk GKevi mvb Kivi ci GUv c`kb Kib| nhiZ
AvK`vm hLb GB cyuw_ m^ RvbZ cvijb, ZLb wZwb GUvK `kb
Kivi Rb wkl m^wjZ GK`j cwZwbwa ciY Kib| Zvuiv hq GB cyuw_
`kb Kib| cyuw_ Lvjvgv Zvuiv `LZ cjb wemwgjvn nZ
Iqvbvm ch wjwLZ GUv GKLvwb nvgvqj kixd A_vr z`vKwZ
KziAvb kixd| cKvk _vK h, GUv G K_vi Aviv GKwU g eo cgvY
h, nhiZ evev bvbK mvne gymjgvb wQjb|

1895 mvj iwPZ Mmg~n :

1895 mvj nhiZ AvK`vm wbgwjwLZ Mjv iPbv Kib :
(1) wgbvbyi ingvb -Dyj jmvb ev fvlv jvi gvZv msv MelYv
g~jK AwZxq cyK| GZ AKvU hywi gvag `Lvbv nqQ h, Aviwe
mKj fvlvi Rbbx| GB wKZve cYqb Am~Y Aevq _vKvi KviY
nhiZ AvK`vmi RxebKvj cKvwkZ nqwb| wK ci h Aevq wQj, m
Aevq GUvK cKvk Kiv nq|
(2) byij-KziAvb, c_g I wZxq L h_vg 1895 mvji 15 Ryb I
20 wWm^i cKvwkZ nq| nhiZ AvK`vmi BQv wQj, KziAvb Kixgi
AvavwZK m`hvejx c`kbi Rb GKwU gvwmK cwKv cKvk Kiv|
GRb wZwb b~ij KziAvb bvgK GwU wimvjv cKvk i Kib| wK
`ytLi welq, e KgeZvi KviY GUvi Kej `ywU msLvB gv cKvwkZ
nqwQj|
(3) mrePb -GB wKZve nhiZ AvK`vm Zvui Wiv-evev-bvbK mdi
ev wek`fve eYbv Kib Ges iM Ges Rbg-mvLx nZI nhiZ
evev bvbK ingZzjvn AvjvBni aggZ m^ AvjvKcvZ Kib|
(4) Avwiqv aig -GB wKZve 1895 mvji 22 m^i cKvwkZ nq|
GZ nhiZ AvK`vmi e weevn, ZvjvK Ges Avh`i wbqvM ag m^
wevwiZ mgvjvPbv Kib|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

219

RygyAvi QzwUi Av`vjb (1896 mvji 1 Rvbyqvix) :

1896 mvji 1 Rvbyqvix nhiZ AvK`vm e gymjgvbi ^vi m^wjZ
GKwU viKwjwc MfYi Rbviji KvQ ciY Kib| G viKwjwcZ
miKvii KvQ gymjgvb`i Rb Zv`i agxq KZe Rygvi bvgvh Av`vqi
Rb eviK miKvwi QzwU NvlYvi Ave`b Kiv nq| wK `ytLi welq,
GK`j gjex Ges Zvu`i cfvevaxb gymjgvb ay GB KviY Gi
weivwaZv Kib h, GB viKwjwc nhiZ wghv mvnei Kjg wjwLZ
nqwQj| dv-Bbv-wjjvn Iqv Bbv BjvBn ivRDb|
nhiZ AvK`vm GB K_v RvbZ ci gjex gynv` mvqb mvne
evUvjexK wjLjb h, wZwb G welq Pv KiZ PvBj G ch Gi Rb
nhiZ AvK`vm hv KiQb, gjex`i nvZ mgcY KiZ cZ AvQb|
wK gjex mvne GB KvR wbRI Kijb bv Ges nhiZ AvK`vmKI
KiZ w`jb bv| dj, gjex mvne`i weivwaZvi KviY ZLb GB
evcvi mdjZv bv GjI nhiZ AvK`vmi IdvZi ci nhiZ LwjdvZzj
gmxn AvDqvji mgq GB welq wbq cybivq Av`vjb Kiv nq| Gevi
gymjgvb`i HKe Av`vjbi dj miKvi GUv gyi Kib| wK
`ytLi welq, gymjgvbMY GB QzwUi viv h_v_fve DcKZ nIqvi cwZ
hZevb nbwb| Lye AmsLK gymjgvbB RygyAvi bvgvh hvM`vb Kib|

wLvb`iK mevrK cvq wggvsmvi Rb Avnvb :

WcywU Ave`yjvn Av_g m^ fwelvYx Ges Zvui cwiYvg BwZc~e ewYZ
nqQ| Zvi gZzi ci cv`xMY e PuPvgwP i Kij nhiZ AvK`vm
Zvu`iK cwZw`bi SMovSvwU Qo wggvsmvi GKwU DrKZi Dcvq
wbaviY Ki ejjb ;
GB evnvm mxgvi evBi cuQ MQ| Lv`v ZvAvjvi viv wggvsmv Kiv
nvK|
wZwb wjLjb :- hw` Avgvi mg_b Lv`v ZvAvjvi wggvsmv DcwZ bv
nq, Ze Avwg Avgvi vei Avei hveZxq mw hvi g~j `k nvRvi
UvKvi Kg bq, wLvb`iK w`e Ges AwMg wZb nvRvi UvKv ch Zv`i
KvQ Rgv KiZ cvwi| Avgvi GZ ewk Avw_K wZ Avgvi Rb h_
kvw ^ic ne| Z`ycwi Avwg AxKvi KiwQ h, Avgvi ^vwiZ gjex

220

nvqvZ ZvBqev

BkZnvi w`q cKvk Kie h, wLvbiv Rqjvf KiQb Ges Avwg

civwRZ nqwQ| Avwg Aviv AxKvi KiwQ h G BkZnvi Kvb cKvi
kMZ ev A_MZ kZI _vKe bv|
ivevbx dqmvjvi Dcvq GB cKvi ne| Avgvi gvKvejvq GKRb
mvwbZ cv`x mvne wbgewYZ cv`x mvne`i ga nZ wbevwPZ neb,
whwb gq`vb gvKvejv Kivi Rb Dfq ci mwZg wbevwPZ nq
cZ neb| AZ:ci, Avgiv DfqB Avgv`i RvgvZmn wbw` gq`vb
DcwZ ne Ges Lv`v ZvAvjvi KvQ `vqvi viv GB wggvsmv PvBe h,
Avgv`i `yRbi ga h ew evweK Lv`v ZvAvjvi bRi KvcM,
Lv`v ZvAvjv GK eQii ga mB wg_vev`xi Ici IB Kni bvhj
Kib, hv wZwb Zvi cwZwnsmv^ic wPiKvj wg_vev`x I bexK wg_vev`x
cwZcbKvix RvwZ jvi Ici Ki GmQb -hgb, wZwb wdiAvDbi
Ici KiQb, bgi`i Ici KiQb, b~ni RvwZi Ici KiQb Ges
B`x`i Ici KiQb| Rbve cv`x mvnevb GUv iY ivLeb h, GB
mwwjZ `vqvq Kvb mc`vq wekli Ici Kvb AwfmvZ KiZI
ne bv, Kvb Kzcv_bvI KiZ ne bv, eis aygv mB wg_vev`xi kvwi
Rb `vqv KiZ ne, h Zvi wg_vevw`Zv QvoZ Pvq bv| wekevmxi
Rxeb jvf GKRbi gZz Acv k|
GB BkZnviB GKUz ci hyi wjLQb :
myZivs, n cv`x mvneMY, `Lyb, Avwg GB KvRi Rb `vqgvb AvwQ|
hw` Pvb h Lv`vi Av`k Ges Lv`vi wggvsmvi viv mZev`x I
wg_vev`xi ga cv_K cKvwkZ nvK, Ze Avmyb, Avgiv GK gq`vb
hy Kwi, hvZ wg_vev`xi gyLvk DbvwPZ nq| wbwZfve Rb ivLyb,
Lv`v AvQb| mB mekwgvb wbqB AvQb whwb me`v mZev`x`i
mg_b Kib| myZivs Avgv`i `yRbi ga whwb mZev`x, Lv`v ZvAvjv
wbqB ZvuK mg_b Kieb| GK_v iY ivLeb h, Lv`v ZvAvjvi
KvQ h ew jvwZ, m GB hyi ci jvbv fvM Kie Ges Zvui KvQ
whwb wcq, wZwb mvwbZ neb|
Aviv ejjb : Avgiv Dfq GB cKvi `vqv Kie h mekwgvb Lv`v,
GLb Avgiv `yB c cii gyLvgywL nqwQ| GK c gixqgi cy
whK Lv`v ej Ges Bmjvgi bexK mZev`x vb Ki bv| Aci c
gixqgi cy CmvK imyj gvb Ki, ZvK ay ev`v ej vb Ki Ges

nvqvZ ZvBqev

221

Bmjvgi cqM^iK cKZB mZ Ges B`x I wLvb`i ga

wggvsmvKvix vb Ki| myZivs GB Dfq ci ga h c Zvgvi
`wZ wg_vev`x, ZvK GK eQii ga msnvi Ki Ges Iqvqj ev nvq
Zvki biK Zvi Ici bvhj Ki| GK c hLb `vqv Kie, ZLb
Ab c Avgxb eje|
Avgvi GKv AvMn GB h, GB gvKvejvi Rb Wv: gvwUb KvKK
wbevPb Kiv nvK| KviY wZwb ewj hyeK| ^v Lye fvj| Zvi Ici
Avevi Wvvi wbR Avq~ ewi Dcvq Aej^b Kieb| Wv: gvwUb KvK
mvne AekB Avgvi GB Ave`b Keyj Kieb| Ges hw` wZwb cjvqb
Kib, Ze cv`x Bgv`Dxb mvne GB gvKvejvi hvM cv| wZwb
gixqgi cyK Lv`v ej cwiwPZ Kivi Rb gvbyli c meci
meaibi PZziZvi Aej^b KiQb Ges m~hi cwZ _y_y wbc
KiQb| hw` wZwbI GB fq cjvqb Kib h Lv`vi Iqvqj wbqB
ZvK fY Kie, Ze mvgywb, ev md`i Avjx, ev VvKzi `vm, ev Ugvm
nvIqjmekl dZn gmxn GB gq`vb DcwZ neb, wKsev Ab h
Kvb cv`x AMmi neb| GB cywKv cKvki `yB gvmi ga hw` KDB
AMmi bv nq, Ges ay kqZvbx IRi Avcwi Uvjevnvbv Ki, Ze cvve
I fviZeli mg cv`x`i wg_vev`x nIqvi Ici mxjgvni coe|
AZ:ci Lv`v Zvui w`K nZ AmZi g~jvrcvUb Kieb| iY iLv,
wbqB Kieb| KviY mgq DcwZ|2

wek agmfvi KvhweeiYx, wWm^i, 1896 mvj :

nhiZ AvK`vmi GKwU KZe wQj weki me agvejxi Ici Bmjvgi
cvavb cwZv Kiv| Avjvn ZvAvjv ZvK GRb bvbv cKvi myhvM c`vb
KiQb| wK h myhvMi welq Avgiv GLb ejwQ, meZ: GUvB me
cavb myhvM wQj| eKvj ai Zvui AvwiK evmbv wQj Ggb GKwU mfvi
AvqvRb Kiv nvK, hLvb weki me agi bZeM wbR wbR Hkx
cyKi m`h c`kbi Rb AvMgb Kieb| Avjvn ZvAvjv Gi Rb
myeY myhvM DcwZ Kijb|
(1) Wv: nbix gvwUb KvK GwWbevM BDwbfvwmwUi GKRb Gg, wW, Ges wm-Gg, A_vr
WKUi Ae gwWwmb I gvvi Ae mvRvix wQjb|
(2) 1896 mvji 14 wWm^i cKvwkZ BkZnvi, Avvg Av_g, 34-44 c:|

222

nvqvZ ZvBqev

1896 mvj jvnvii Kvb Kvb wn`y mv ew GKwU ag gnvmjb

Abyvbi AvqvRb Kijb| GZ eZvi Rb wbgwjwLZ cvuPwU cki
Di `qv wbavwiZ nj :
(1) gvbyli `wnK, bwZK I AvavwZK Aev|
(2) gvbyli Bn-jwKK Rxebi cieZx Aev|
(3) cw_exZ gvbyli Rxeb hvcbi Dk wK Ges GB Dk wKic
mdj nZ cvi?
(4) cw_exZ I ciKvj Kgdj wK cKvi ?
(5) vb I Hkx Z jvfi Dcvq wK?
gb nq hb Avjvn ZvAvjv Zvui Dk jvi mgK ic `vbi RbB
GB mjbi AvqvRb Kib| GB mjbi D`vv ^vgx kvMb P`
Zvui KvQ DcwZ nj, wZwb ZrYvr ce jLvi Rb mwZ vcb
Kijb| eis Gi c_g BkZnvi Kvw`qvb nZ gyw`Z Ki cKvk KiZ
w`jb Ges ZvuK mecKvi mvnvhi Rb wZwb Zuvi GKRb wklK
wbqvwRZ Kijb| A_vr wLvb, mbvZb agvej^x, ev mgvR, wkL,
w_qvmvwdKj mvmvBwU, wd w_vi eZ: cZK ag I gZi cavb`iK
Dciv ck mg~ni cZzi jLvi Rb AvgY Kiv njv| gymjgvb`i
ga wZwb eZxZ gjex gynv` mvqb mvne evUvjex, gjex mvbv
Djvn mvne AgZmix Ges Avey BDmyd gynv` gyeviK Avjx wkqvjKvwU
mvnKI AvgY Rvbvbv njv|
1896 mvji 26, 27 I 28 wWm^i ZvwiL GB ag gnvmjbi Rb
wbavwiZ Kiv nq Ges mfvi Awaekbi Rb Bmjvwgqv KjR nj
wbevwPZ nqwQj|1 nhiZ AvK`vm ce wjLwQjb Ggb mgq Bjnvg viv
RvbZ cvijb h, Zvui ce mKji Dci _vKe, k ne| wZwb GB
HkxevYx cPvii Dk 1896 mvji 21 wWm^i, A_vr mfvi 5/6 w`b
AvM GKwU BkZnvi cKvk Kijb| Zv wQj GB :
h gnvag mfv jvnvii UvDb nj2 26, 27 I 28 wWm^i 1896 mvj
AbywZ ne, ZvZ GB AagiI GKwU ce KziAvb kixdi m`hvejx
(1) Zr Kvj eZgvb Bmjvwgqv KjR vwcZ nqwb| mfv jvnvi Avygvb ngvqZ
Bmjvgi wkiIqvbIqvjv `iRvq AewZ cvmv` AbywZ nqwQj|
(2) gb nq, c_g GB mfv UvDb nj nIqv wbavwiZ nqwQj| wK ci KvhZ:
Bmjvwgqv KjR jvnvi nj mfvi Awaekb nq|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

223

I AjwKKZv m^ cwVZ ne| cewU gvbyli gZvi Da Ges

Lv`vi wb`kb jvi GK wb`kb| ZvuiB wekl mvnvh GUv wjwLZ
nqQ| GZ KziAvb kixdi IB mKj wbM~p Zvejx wjwLZ nqQ, hv
viv m~hi bvq Dj nq coe h, evweK Zv Lv`vi Kvjvg Ges
iveyj Avjvgxb wek-mvi wKZve| whwb GB ce wjwLZ cvuPwU cki
Reve Av`cv beb Avwg wbwZic wekvm Kwi GK cKvi bZyb Bgvb
Zvui ga mw ne, GK cKvi bZyb RvwZ: Zvi ga cwjZ Kie Ges
Lv`v ZvAvjvi cvK Kvjvgi GKwU msw, mevxb Zdmxi Zvi nMZ
ne| Avgvi GB eZv gvbyli e_v evK nZ cwe Ges wg_v Avvjb
nZ gy| ay gvbe RvwZi mnvbyf~wZ AvgvK GB mgq GB BkZnvi
wjLZ eva KiQ, hvZ gvbyl KziAvb kixdi m`hvejx cZ Ki
Ges `LZ cvi h, Avgv`i weiev`xMY KZ Ryjyg KiQ| Zviv
AKvi fvjevm Ges AvjvK NYv Ki| AvgvK me Avjxg Lv`v
Bjnvg viv msev` w`qQb h, GB mB ce hv mKji Ici cvavb
jvf Kie Ges GZ mZ vb I AvavwZK Zvejxi Ggb Avjv AvQ,
hv Abvb RvwZ DcwZ nj Ges GwU AvMvMvov bj jwZ neb|
wLvb nvb, Avh nvb, mbvZb agvej^x nvb ev Ab whwbB nvb, KLbv
Zvui ag cyKi GB cKvi m`h c`kb KiZ cvieb bv| KviY, Lv`v
ZvAvjv Awfcvq KiQb h, mw`b GB cwe wKZvei RvwZweKvk
ne| Avwg Kvkd RMZ Gi m^ `kb KiwQ, Avgvi gnji Ici
Mvqe nZ GKwU _vev `qv nqQ Ges IB nvZ k GB gnj nZ GK
Dj RvwZ: weKxY nq Pvicvk weZ nqQ| Avgvi nvZi IciI
Gi Avjv wbcwZZ nqQ| ZLb Avgvi KvQ `uvovbv GKew DP^i
ejj,
Gi Zvrch GB h GB gnj viv eySvq Avgvi
`q| GwU RvwZ: AeZiYi vb Ges GB RvwZ: KziAvbi Zvejx|
Lqei viv Zver weKZ agjvK eySvq, hv`i ga kiK I AmZi
mswgkY AvQ| nq Zv gvbylK Lv`vi vb `qv nqQ, bv nq Lv`vi
YvejxK Zvi cig my`i vb _K wbP dj `qv nqQ| myZivs,
AvgvK ejv nqQ h, GB ce Lye cPvwiZ nIqvi ci AmZ agjvi
AmZZv Ges `wMvPi ne Ges KziAvbi mZZv w`b w`b wek
wevi jvf Kie, h ch Gi cwiek c~YvKwZ aviY bv Ki| Zvici,
Avwg GB Kvkdi Aev nZ Bjnvgi w`K bxZ nB Ges GB Bjnvg
cv nB :

224

nvqvZ ZvBqev

A_vr, Avjvn Zvgvi m AvQ| hLvb Zzwg `vuovI, mLvb Avjvn

`vqgvb nb| GUv Hkx mvnvhi GKwU icK Dw| GLb Avwg AwaK
wjLZ PvB bv| mKjKB msev` w`wQ h mKjB wKQz bv wKQz eq KiI
GB Zvejx keYv_ Aek jvnvi mfvi wbavwiZ ZvwiL DcwZ neb,
hvZ mKji wePvi kw I Cgvb viv Givi jvfevb nq h, Zviv KbvI
KiZ cvib bv|1
GB BkZnvi GK gnvfwelvYx Kiv nqwQj| GwU `ki GK cv
_K Ab cv ciY Kiv nj| jvnvii `iRvq `iRvq `qvj `qvj
Zv jvMvb nj Ges evcKfve cPvi Kiv nj| Zvici, hLb mfvi ZvwiL
DcwZ nj, ZLb mg agiB cwZwbwaiv Avmjb| nhiZ AvK`vmi
ce cvVi Rb mgq `oUv nZ mvo wZbUv ch wQj|2 nhiZ gjvex
Ave`yj Kixg mvne wkqvjKvUx hLb ce cvV i Kijb, ZLb
jvKi AvhRbK Aev nj| PZzw`K nZ KiZvwj kvbv hZ jvMj|
GB cei Rb `yB NUv mgq wbaviY nqwQj| kl nj| cei
GKvskI ZLb mgv nqwb| kvZv`i mevB GK evK ejjb h, Zviv
GB ce AekB beb| Gi Rb Aviv GKwU w`b avh KiZ njI Kiv
nvK| dj, gWviUiiv eva njb|3 Zvuiv Gi Rb 29 wWm^i GKw`b
ew Kijb| eZvi kl GKRb mv wn`y, mfvi mfvcwZ AvZmvi
ejjb, GB ce mKj cei Ici iqQ|

jvnvii cwm BsiwR cwKv wmwfj G wgwjUvix MRU wjLwQj :

jvnvi ag gnvmjbxi Awaekb 1896 mvji 26, 27 I 28 wWm^i
jvnvi Bmjvwgqv KjR nj nqQ| GZ wewfb agi cwZwbwaiv wbg
(1) ZejxM wimvjZ BkZnvi, Zvs 21 k wWm^i 1896
(2) ci gjex Avey BDmyd gveviK Avijx mvne wkqvjKvwUI Zvi mgq GB ce
m~Y cvVi Rb c`vb Kib|
(3) GB mjbxi gWviUvi (eevcK m`m) wQjb : 1| ivq evnv`yi cZzj P`
PvUwR, RR wPdKvU, cvve, 2| Lvb evnv`yi kL Lv`v eLk mvne, RR j
KvR KvU, jvnvi, 3| ivq evnv`yi cwZ ivav K Kvj DwKj, wPd KvU; 4|
nhiZ gjvbv nvwKg b~ixb mvne fiex, 5| ivq evnv`yi fevbx `vm Gg-G,
mUjgU Awdmvi, wSjg Ges 6| m`vi RIqvni wmsn, mUvix, Lvjmv KjR
KwgwU, jvnvi|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

225

wjwLZ cvuPwU cki Di c`vb Kib| (AZ:ci, cvuPwU ck wjwLZ nq|)

wK mvKzj MelYvi ga wghv Mvjvg Avng` Kvw`qvbxi m`f mevcv
AwaK gbvhvM I AvMni mv_ kvbv nq| wZwb Bmjvgi GKRb eo
mg_K I Avjg| GB eZv kvbvi Rb me agvej^xivB AwaK msLvq
mgeZ nb| wghv mvne ^qs mfvq hvM`vb KiZ cvibwb ej cewU
GKRb hvM evMx wkl gjex Ave`yj Kixg mvne wkqvjKvwU cvV
Kib| 27 k Zvs cvq mvo wZb NUv cvV Kiv nj| ZLb c_g cki
Di gv cwVZ nq| kvZviv cewU g gyer bwQjb| AZ:ci KwgwU
GB cei Rb 29 wWm^i GKw`b mjbxi ZvwiL ew Kib|

GB eZv m^ wn`y`i mvw`Z wicvU GB :

cwZ iab `vmi eZvi ci Ava NUvi weiwZ wQj| wK ci GKRb
weLvZ Bmjvg c mg_bKvixi eZv nIqvi wQj| GB Rb AwaKvsk
AvMnkxj ewivB vb ZvM Kibwb| `oUv evRvi ZLbv e mgq evwK
wQj| Bmjvwgqv KjRi ck evwo kxNB fwZ nZ jvMj| KqK wgwbUi
ga mg evwo fi Mj| wewfb ag, gZev` I mgvRi e vbx ew
DcwZ nqwQjb| hw`I Pqvi, Uwej I divmmn evcK AvqvRb Kiv
nqwQj, wK kZ kZ ew`i `uvwoq _vKv Qvov Dcvq wQj bv| GB mKj
`vqgvb AvMnkxj ew`i ga eo eo mv iBm cvvei MYgvb
ew, vbx I wevb ew, evwivi, DwKj, cdmvi, GKv GwmvU
Kwgkbvi, WvviGK K_vq, DP kYxi wewfb wefvMi gnv`qMY
DcwZ wQjb| Zvuiv ah mnKvi Pvi cvuP NUvevcx ejZ wK, ZLb hb
GK cvqi ci `vqgvb iBjb| GB cei Rb hw`I KwgwUi c nZ
`yB NUv gv mgq wbavwiZ nqwQj, wK mfvq DcwZ ewiv Gi viv
Ggwb gy nqwQjb h, gWviUvi gnv`qiv AwZkq cxwZ I Drmvni
mv_ mwZ cKvk Kijb h, GB eZv kl bv nIqv ch mjbxi
KvR mgvcb Kiv ne bv| Zv`i GB NvlYv mjbxi KZc I DcwZ
Rbgjxi Awfjvmi h_v_ cwZawb wQj| KviY, mgq DxY nIqvi ci
hLb gjex Avey BDmyd gveviK Avjx mvne Zvi mgqI GB eZv kl
Kivi Rb `vb Kwijb, ZLb DcwZ kvZviv I gWviUvi gnv`qiv
KiZvwj viv gjex mvnei KvQ KZZv vcb Kijb| GB eZv
c_g nZ kl ch GKB cKvi `qMvnx I Av`Z wQj|1
(1) jvnvi gnvagmjbxi KvR weeiYx, (D`y) 79-80 c:|

226

nvqvZ ZvBqev

cvVK GB eZvi g~j I ghv`v m^ mwVK gZ MnY KiZ PvBj

mwjbxi c nZ mfvi h Kvh weeiYx cKvwkZ nqwQj, Zv cvV Kib|
ZvZ cZK agi cwZwbwaiB cyivcywi eZv mwbwe AvQ| nhiZ
AvK`vmi eZv Zv cw_exi KqKwU fvlvi Ab~w`Z nq cKvwkZ
nqQ| D`yZ Gi bvg Bmjvgx Imyj wK wdjmwd, BsiwRZ wdjmwd
Ae w` wUwPsm Ae Bmjvg Ges AviweZ Avj LZveyj Rjxj|

wbg G m^ wKQz DPzugvbi AwfgZ c` njv :

1| w_ImwdKvj eyK bvUm ejQb :
The best and most attractive presentation of the Faith of
Muhammad, which we have yet come across. A_vr, GwU

gynv` (mvjvjv AvjvBn Imvjvg) Gi agi k I `qMvnx Dcvcb|

2| Bwqvb wiwfqy ejQb :
A very entertaining and pleasant reading, lucid,
comprehensive and philosophical *** evokes admiration. The
book deserves to be in the hand of every Muhammadan student
and also in the libraries of those who wish to know something
of Muhammadan religion A_vr AZ cvj, `qMvnx, `vkwbK,

mewelqK Ges cksmbxq| cyKwU cZK gymjgvb Qvi nvZ Ges hviv
gynv` (mvjvjv AvjvBn I mvjvg) Gi ag m^ wKQz RvbZ BQzK
Zv`i jvBeixZ ivLvi hvM|
3| wej UvBgm G wgii wjLQb :
Clearly it is no ordinary person who thus addresses himself to
the west. A_vr whwb GB cKvi cZxPxK Zvi w`K Avnvb KiQb,

wZwb KLbv mvgvb ew bb|

4| GKRb Mqi Avng`x msev`c mex nhiZ AvK`vmi GB eZvi
mgvjvPbv cm wjLQb :
GB eZvjvi ga mjbxi cvYic k eZv wQj wghv Mvjvg
Avng` Kvw`qvbxi eZv| Zv cwm myK evMx gjex Ave`yj Kixg
mvne wkqvjKvwU AZ my`ifve cvV Kib| GB eZv `yB w`b mgv
nq| 27 wWm^i cvq Pvi NUv Ges 29 wWm^i `yB NUv megvU Qq
NUvq GB eZv mgv nq| eo mvBR, GK k cvi gZ ne| hv nvK,

nvqvZ ZvBqev

227

Ave`yj Kixg mvne eZv cvV i Kijb, wK i Kiv! mgM

kvZvgjx Zbq nq cojb| K_vq K_vq nlawb nZ jvMj| e mgq
kvZviv GKB evK cybt cvVi Rb AvMn cKvk KiZ jvMjb| mviv
Rxeb Ggb my`i eZv Avgv`i Kvb Avi wbwb| Ab agvej^xiv h
me eZv Kib mZ ejZ wK, mjbxi ckjvi Dii chvq
cQwb| mvaviYZ:, eviv PZz_ cki Di `qvi Pv KiZb gv|
Ab ckjv Zviv AB k Kib| AbK wKQz ejZb, Zba cvYe
wKQz _vKZ bv Kejgv wghv mvnei eZvB ckvejxK ^Zfve MnY
Ki cZKwUi mwek` I m~Y Di c`vb KiQ| mfvq DcwZ kvZv
gjx AZ gbvhvM I AvMni mv_ IBjv bQb Ges gnvg~jevb
I AZzP vbg~jK ej aviYv KiQb|
Avgiv wghv mvnei gyix` bB| Zvi mv_ Avgv`i KvbI mK bB|
wK mZi Acvjvc Avgiv KLbI KiZ cvwi bv| Kvb my cKwZ I
mwVK weeKmb ewB Zv KiZ cvi bv| wghv mvne mKj ckjvi
h_vwPZ Di KziAvb kixd nZ w`qQb Ges Bmjvgi hveZxq cavb
gwjK e I kvLv DckvLvwjK hwK I `vkwbK cgvY viv my`iZg
I mevrK ic icvwqZ KiQb| c_g hwK cgvYi viv AZxw`q
I `vkwbK welqjv cKvk KiQb| Zvici, Kvjvg Gjvnx DwZ ic
cvV GK weqKi wRwbm wQj|
wghv mvne ay KziAvbi, welqjv ZvwK evLvB Kibwb, eis
KziAvbi fvlvZ mvBKvjwR I wdjmwdI m m eYbv KiQb|
eZ:, wghv mvnei eZv GKwU meZvgyL, mevxb I memy`i eZv
wQj| AMwYZ AvavwZK m~ vbZ Ges agi wbM~p inmvejx gyver
DjZv cKvk KiwQj| Hkx Zi `kb Ggb my`ifve eYbv KiwQjb
h, mg agvej^xivB ZvZ wegy, wbevK I weqvwe nq cob| Kvb
evi mgqB wghv mvnei eZvi mgqi bvq jvK mgvMg nqwb|
Ici nZ wbP ch mg nj jvK jvKviY nqwQj| kvZviv Lye
gbvhvM mnKvi eZv kvbb| wghv mvnei Ges Ab ev`i
eZvi mgqi cv_K cKvkv_ ay GBUzKz ejv h_ h, wghv mvnei
eZvi mgq gvbyl gay gwKvi gZ Avcbv Avcwb QzU AvmZv| wK Ab
ev`i ejvq AcxZ nq e ew Avmb ZvM Ki Pj hZb| gjex
gynv` mvqbi eZv bnvqr mvaviY wQj| IBme gvjv myjf K_vB
wQj, hv Avgiv ivR wb| ZvZ KvbI AmvaviY welq wQj bv| gjex

228

nvqvZ ZvBqev

mvnei wZxq eZvi mgq e kvZv DV Pj wMqwQjb| gjex

mvne gg`ynK Zvi eZv mgv Kivi Rb KqK wgwbUI AwZwi mgq
`qv nqwb|1
hv nvK, G ce Bmjvgi GKwU c~Yveqe wP AwZ nqwQj| whwbB
nhiZ AvK`vmi c~e cKvwkZ BkZnvii fwelvYx I m`f cvV
Kieb, wZwb KLbv GK_v bv ejB cvieb bv h, Zv evweK Hkx
mvnvh wjwLZ nqwQj|

1896 mvji M :
1896 mvj wbgwjwLZ wKZvejv cYxZ nqwQj :
1| Avvg Av_g : GB M 1896 mvj cYqb i nq Ges 1897
mvji cvi cKvwkZ nq| GZ Av_gi NUbv IB msv gymjgvb
gjex, wLvb Ges Avh`i Avcwjvi Reve `qv nq|
2| Bmjvgx Imyj wK wdjmwd : GwU mB eZv, hv jvnvi aggnvmjb nhiZ AvK`vmi c cvV Ki nq|

GK nvRvi UvKv cyivi, 1897 mvji 28 Rvbyqvwi :

wLvb`i KD hLb gvKvejvi Rb DcwZ njv bv, hvi Rb nhiZ
AvK`vm 1896 mvji 14 wWm^i BkZnvi viv Avnvb Kib, ZLb
wZwb Aviv c~YvKvi hyw c`vbi Dk GK nvRvi UvKvi cyivi NvlYv
mn GKwU BkZnvi cKvk Kijb| ZvZ jLv nqwQj :
Avwg GLb GK `p AxKvimn GB BkZnvi cKvk KiwQ h, wLvb`i
ga hw` KD whi wb`kbvejxK hv Zvui CkiZi `wjj ej gb Kiv
nqAvgv`i wb`kb I AjwKK wqv mg~n Acv AwaKZi kwkvjx
cgvYhy I msLvwaK nIqv cgvY KiZ cvi, Ze Avwg ZvK cyivi
^ic GK nvRvi UvKv `e| Avwg njd Ki mZ mZ ejwQ h, GZ
KvbI cKvi ewZg ne bv| Avwg Ggb ZZxq ci KvQ GB UvKv
Rgv KiZ cvwi, hvZ cwZci mvbv nq|2
(1) Payeq-mv`x, ivIjwcw, 1jv deyqvwi 1897 mvj|
bvU : LjvdZ jvBeix iveIqvq g~j KvMRwU AvQ|
(2) BkZnvi, Zvs 28 k deqvwi, 1897 mvj|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

229

GB BkZnvi Qq nvRvi Kwc gy`Y Ki cKvk Kiv nj| cZK cwm

cv`x mvneK iwRvwi WvKhvM Zv cvVvbv nj| KD Kvb Reve
`qwb| Aek, GKRb ALvZ wLvb gvKvejvi Avnvb MnY bv KijI
ji xwqvb GWfvKU c KZjv Avcw Dvcb Kij| 1897
mvji 28 deqvwi IB Avcwjv cZzi nhiZ AvK`vm wewfb
msev`c cKvk Kijb| voc wnme Zv gv`vRi gyLwei-B
WKvb KvMR 1897 mvj, 11 gvP cKvwkZ nj| nhiZ AvK`vmi
cwZev`i cwZev` KBev wK KiZv? Aek, hyii `q wLvb ag
Lbi GK be ciYv Rbvjv|

zk-f I AwfmvZ, 1897 mvji 6 B gvP :

1897 mvji 6 gvP wZwb Lv`v wK jvbvr I wKmi mjxe (Lv`vi
Awfkvc I zk-fb) wkivbvg w`q wZwb wjLjb :
wLvb`i memZ aggZ GB h, wh zkvivwcZ nq wZb w`bi Rb
jvbZx (Awfk) nqwQjb Ges Zv`i gZ gywi hveZxq Dcvq GB
jvbZi IciB wbfi Ki| GB jvbZi aviYvi cwicwZ Ggb KwVb
Avcw DwZ nq h, ZvZ wZev`, cvqwev` Ges hveZxq cvc gvi
wekvm wejy nq GB gZev` ^Ztwmfve v ej cgvwYZ nq| hw` GB
ag mg_bi Kviv AvKvv _vK, Ze `Z Di w`b| bZzev `Lyb, mgM
mawU fywgmvr nq Ggb fxlYfve wbcwZZ nj h, Zver wLvb ag
wekvm Zvi wbP wbwlZ nj| wZev`I bB| cvqwev`I bB|
cvci gvI bB| Lv`vi gwngv `Lyb! zk wKfve f njv|
AZ:ci, wZwb AvKiveyj gyqvi` bvgK mycwm Aviwe Awfavb _K
jvbr ki A_ evLv Kib|
Zv GB :

A_vr, AvwfavwbK A_ GB h, jvbZx ZvK ejv nq h me cKvi gj,

mecKvi ewMZ hvMZv, Hkx Kcv Ges Hkx Zvb nZ m~Yfve
ewZ nq wPi Avhve wbcwZZ nq A_vr, Zvi `q m~Yfve
AKvivQb nq co Ges eo QvU cyY Ggb wK gjRbK Kvb K_vB

230

nvqvZ ZvBqev

Zvi AtKiY Aewk _vK bv Ges kqZvb cwiYZ nqZvi Afi

m~Yfve weKZ nq Ges Kwe kvL GB mvgmi cwZ j KiB GK
KweZvq jvbZx ewi bvg fjyK w`qQ, hnZz jvbZx ewi
A:KiY Avg~j weKZ I wnsm nq co|
GLb ck GB : h Aevq jvbZi g~jZ GB h, jvbZx nIqvi Aevq
Lv`v nZ gvbyli hveZxq m^ wQb nq Ges Zvi I kqZvbi ga
Abygv cf` _vK bv, GgZvevq Avgiv cv`x mvne`iK h_vwPZ
mvb mnKvi GB wRvmv KiZ PvB h, evweK GB jvbZB DwjwLZ
hveZxq DcmMmn whi Ici Lv`v ZvAvjvi Zid _K wbcwZZ nq
wQj, GwK mZ? wZwb wK Lv`vi jvbZ Ges KvcM nq AKvivQb
A:KiYgq I Lv`v nZ wegyL nqwQjb? Avgvi gZ, mB ew wbRB
jvbZx h Lv`vi Ggb GKRb gbvbxZ eiwR`vi bvg jvbZx ivL|
Ab K_vq, ZvKB AKvi wP, Lv`v nZ `~i Ges kqZvb cKwZ wewk
ejv hvq| KD wK ejZ cvi h, Lv`vi Ggb wcqRb mZB GB jvbZ
M nqwQjb, hv cyivcywi Lv`vi kZv Qvov KLbI NUZ cvi bv?
Aekl ejb :
myZivs, hw` GwU ejv KLbI mgxPxb bq, Ze `L! cvqwev`i m~Y
mawUB f~cvwZZ nj| wZev` ag asm nj| zk f njv| RMZ Ggb
KD AvQ wK h, Gi cwZev` Ki?1

^qs Hkx evYx cvcK I gyjnvg nIqv mK DjvgvMYi bvg

ebvg gyevnvjvi Avnvb :
nhiZ AvK`vmi weiev`x gjex mvnevb Zv Zvi `vwei i nZB
ZvK gyevnvjvi (ev `vqv hyi) `vIqvZ KiwQjb| wK gymjgvb c
qi cviwiK gyevnvjv ea bq ej wZwb Zv Gwoq PjwQjb| wK
Djvgviv hLb Zvi wei Kzdii dZvqv cKvk Kijb, ZLb ZvKI
Avjvn ZvAvjvi Zid _K gyevnvjvi AbygwZ c`vb Kiv nj| GB Rb
1892 mvj wZwb Kvdi I wg_vev`x AvLv`vZv gyKvd&di I gyKvh&he
gjex`i Dk Ki ejjb h, GLb GB Djvgv`i ga whwbB Zvi
(1) BkZnvi, 6B gvP, 1897 mvj, ZejxM wimvjvZ, l L, 33-35 c:|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

231

mv_ gyevnvjv KiZ Pvb, ZvK LvjvLywj AbygwZ `qv njv| ZLb Kvb
gjexB mvgb AMmi njb bv|
cv`x Ave`yjvn Av_gi m^ hLb fwelvYx Kijb, ZLb weiev`x
Djvgviv Zv`i Afvmvbymvi wLvb`i mv_ cKvk hvM`vb Kijb|
GZ wZwb IB me DjvgvK m^vab Ki BkZnvi gyevnvjv wjLjb|
GB BkZnvi c_g Zvi gmxn gvID` nIqvi `vwe DcwZ Kijb Ges
ejjb h, gmxn gvID`i KvRB nj zk f Kiv wKmi mjxe| Gi
wbwg k A nj gmxn bvmix AvjvBnm mvjvgi gZz cgvY Kiv|
Zvici nhiZ Djvgv`i AbymZ GB bxwZi cwZ Avc cKvk Kijb h,
Zviv KziAvb I nvw`m ewYZ Dwi cwZ KYcvZ bv Ki
LvjvLywjfve G welq cv`x`i w`qQb| AZ:ci wjLjb:
GLbI hw` gjex mvnevb AvgvK f I wg_vev`x gb Kib, Ze
GwU Acv eo Aviv GKwU wggvsmvi Dcvq AvQ Ges Zv njv, Avwg
IBme Bjnvg nvZ wbq hv Avwg cKvk KiwQ, gjex mvnevbi mv_
GB cKvi gyevnvjv Ki bB h, Avwg Lv`v ZvAvjvi Kmg Lq ejev
h, Avwg mZ mZB Zvui mv_ evKvjvci mvb jvf KiwQ Ges wZwb
AvgvK PZz`k kZvxi wkivfvM ciY KiQb, hvZ Avwg IB wecei
Aemvb Kwi, hv Bmjvgi weivax mevcv eo drbv Ges wZwbB Avgvi
bvg Cmv iLQb Ges zk fvvi Rb AvgvK gvgyi (cZvw`)
KiQb|
AZ:ci, hyi Zvui HmKj Bjnvg wjwce Kijb, hv

(IMv mB Cmv, hvi mgq b Kiv ne bv) nZ i nq

wK gnv AvgY mg~n viv Zvui mZZv cKvwkZ Kieb) ch wMq kl

nqQ|

Zvici, Aviv AMmi nq wjLjb :

GwU wK AvhRbK bq h, Gnb gnvwg_vev`x ceK I f, Kvh&hve,
`vvj I gydZix h AbeiZ wek eQi hveZ Lv`v ZvAvjvi Ici wg_v

232

nvqvZ ZvBqev

Avivc Ki AvmQ, GLb ch Kvb jvbvi AvNvZ msnvi nqwb ?

ZiZ Ges KziAvb kixd DfqB mv h, Lv`vi Ici wg_v
AvivcKvix kxNB asm nq| Zvi bvg DPviY Kivi KDB _vK bv|
BwjI jLv AvQ h, gvbyli cwiKwZ KvR nj Zv kxNB webvk ne|
wK Lv`vi nq _vKj, Ggb bv nq h Zvgiv weivPiY Ki Acivax
mve nI| Avjvn Rvjv kvby KziAvb kixd ejb :

A_vr, hw` m wg_vev`x nq _vK, Ze Zvi wg_v Zvi Ici ewZe Ges
hw` m mZev`x nq _vK, Ze Zvgiv Zvi IB mKj Kvb Kvb
fwelvYx nZ iv jvf KiZ cvi bv, hv m Zvgv`i m^ AxKvi
Ki| Lv`v KLbv Gic ewK mdjZvi c_ c`kb Kib bv, h e_v
evKvjvc Ki Ges Nvi wg_vev`x|1
AZ:ci, nhiZ Djvgv I mvv`v-bkxb`i Dk Ki wZwb wjLjb :
GLb, n weiev`x gjexMY Ges n mvv`v-bkxbMY! GB SMov
Avgvi Ges Avcbv`i ga mxgvi evBi ew jvf KiQ| hw`I GB
RvgvZ Avcbv`i mc`vqjv Zzjbvq Lye A Ges wdqvZzb KvwjjvZzb
(jwN mc`vq) h_vme GY Pvi cvuP nvRvii ewk bq2 Z_vwc
wbwZ Rvbeb h, GwU Lv`vi wbR nvZ jvMvbv bZzb MvQ| Lv`v GK
KLbv web Kieb bv| wZwb KLbI m neb bv, h ch GwUK
m~YZv c`vb Kib| wZwb GUvK Rj `vb Kieb| Gi cwiek mw
Kieb Ges weqKi DbwZi ci DbwZ `vb Kieb| Avcbviv wK A
gZv cqvM KiQb? hw` GwU gvbyli wqv nZv, Ze KeB GB e
KwZZ nZv Ges Gi bvg ev wPI _vKZ bv|
wZwbB AvgvK Av`k KiQb, hb Avwg Avcbv`i mvgb gyevnvjvi
Ave`b DcwZ Kwi, hvZ mZi k asm nq Ges AKviK h fvj
evm, m Avhvei AKvi wbcwZZ nq| Gi AvM Avwg KLbv gyevnvjvi
m Kwiwb Ges Kviv Rb e` `vqv KiZ PvBwb| Ave`yj nK MRbex,
(1) myivn gygb, 4_ iKz|
(2) GLb Avjvni AbyMn KqK j| GwU wK mB gnvb fwelvYxi mdjZv bq ?

nvqvZ ZvBqev

233

AZ:ci AgZmix Avgvi KvQ cv_x nb| wK Avwg `xNKvj hveZ AbgyLx
nq _vwK| Aekl, Zvi bnvZ cxovcxwoi dj gyevnvjv nq| wK Avwg
Zvui Rb Kvb Kz-cv_bv Kwiwb| wK GLb Avwg AZ wbcxwoZ nqwQ|
AvgvK `vvj ejv nqQ| Avgvi bvg kqZvb ivLv nqQ| AvgvK
Kvhhve I gydZix vb Kiv nqQ| Zv`i BkZnvijvZ AvgvK
jvbZi mv_ iY Kiv nqQ| Avwg Zv`i gRwjm NYvi mv_ Avn~Z
nqwQ Ges NwYZfve Avgvi bvgvPviY Kiv nqQ| AvgvK Kvdi
wbaviY KiZ Avcbviv GgbB Rvi w`qvQb, hb Avgvi Kzdi m^
Avcbv`i KvbB m`n bB|
myZivs, GLb DVyb| gyevnvjvi Rb cZ nvb| Avcbviv wbqQb h,
Avgvi `vwei wfw `ywU welqi Ici vwcZ wQj| c_g, KziAvb I
nvw`mi Dw| wZxq, Hkx Bjnvgvejx| Avcbviv KziAvbi Ges
nvw`mi wb`kwj gvb Kibwb| ZYvw` DrLvZ Kivi gZ Avcbviv
Lv`vi KvjvgK cZvLvZ KiQb| GLb, Avgvi `vwei wZxq w`K evwK
AvQ| myZivs, Avwg mB Kv`i I MvBq~i, mekwgvb, cwZwnsmvKvix
Lv`vi Kmg Avcbv`iK w`wQ hvi Kmg Kvb Bgvb`vi i` KiZ cvi
bv GLb GB wZxq wfw ej wggvsmv_ Avgvi mv_ gyevnvjv Kib|
GwU GB cKvi KiZ ne h, gyevnvjvi ZvwiL I vb wbiwcZ nIqvi
ci Avwg GB Bjnvgjv hZ KvMR wjLwQ, me Avgvi nvZ wbqv
gyevnvjvi gq`vb DcwZ nq `vqv Kie:
Gjvnx, hw` GB mKj Bjnvg hv Avgvi nvZ AvQ AvgviB wg_v Zwi
Ges Zzwg Rvb h Avwg Gjv Avgvi Zid nZ mw KiwQ, wKsev hw`
Gjv kqZvbx Kvb K_v Ges Zvgvi Bjnvg bq, Ze AvRKi w`b nZ
GK eQi AwZg Kivi AvM AvgvK gZz `vI, wKsev gZz AcvI g`
Kvb AvhveM Ki Ges gZz DcwZ bv nIqv ch Zv nZ wbKwZ w`I
bv, hvZ Avgvi jvbv nq Ges gvbyl Avgvi drbv nZ iv jvf
Ki| KviY Avwg PvB bv h, Avgvi KviY Zvgvi ev`v drbv I
wec_MvwgZvq wbcwZZ nq| Ggb f I wg_vev`xi gZzB kq| wK n
Avjxg I Lvexi, me Lv`v! hw` Zzwg Rvb h, GB h Bjnvgjv
Avgvi nvZ AvQ, ZvgviB Bjnvg Ges ZvgviB gyL wb:mZ evYx, Ze
GB mKj weiev`xKhviv GLvb DcwZ AvQ GK eQii ga AZ
KVvi, K`vqK gvi `vI| KvDK evZevwaM Ki| KvDK Dbv` Ki|

234

nvqvZ ZvBqev

KvDK gMx `vI| KvDK mc ev Dbv` KzKzi `skb asm Ki| Kviv
gvji Ici Avc` AeZxY Ki| Kviv cvYi Ici Ges Kvnviv mvbi
Ici AvgY Ki|
Avwg GB `vqv Kivi ci Dfq cB ejeb, Avgxb|
mBfve, cwZci RvgvZ nZ whwbB gyevnvjvi Rb DcwZ neb,
Lv`v ZvAvjvi Reve GB `vqv Kieb :
n Avjxg, Lvexi, me Lv`v ! Avgiv GB ewK hvi bvg nQ
Mvjvg Avng` evweKB Kvhhve gydZix Ges Kvdi vb Kwi| hw`
GB ew Kvhhve Ges Zvi GB mg Bjnvg Zvgvi Zid nZ bq, eis
ZviB iwPZ Zvgvi cwZ wg_vivc I wg_v-Dw, Ze GB AbyMwnZ,
gigv DZi cwZ `qv Ki GB wg_vev`x gydZixK GK eQii ga
msnvi Ki, hvZ gvbyl Zvi drbv nZ wbivc` nq Ges hw` m wg_vev`x
I gydZix bq, Ges Zvgvi Zid nZ GmQ, Ges GB me Bjnvg
ZvgviB gyL wbtmZ cwe evK, Avgiv hviv ZvK Kvdi Ges Kvhhve
vb Kwi Avgv`i Ici `ytL jvbvKvix Avhve GK eQii ga AeZxY
Ki| KvDK A Ki| KvDK KzM Ki| KvDK evZewa viv AvgY
Ki| KvDK Dbv` Ki| KvDK gMxM Ki| KvDK mc ev cvMj KzKzii
`skb viv asm Ki| Kviv gvji Ici Avc` AeZxY Ki| Kviv cvY
Ges Kviv mvbK AvgY Ki|
cwZc GB `vqv Kivi ci Dfq cB ejeb, Avgxb|
GB gyevnvjvi ci hw` Avwg GK eQii ga gviv hvB, ev Kvb Avhvei
ga wbcwZZ nB hv nZ cvY ivi jY cvIqv bv hvq, Ze gvbyl
Avgvi drbv nZ iv jvf Kie Ges AvgvK wPiw`b jvbZi mv_
iY Kiv ne| wK hw` Lv`v GK eQii ga AvgvK gZz I `wnK
wec` nZ iv Kib Ges Avgvi weievw``i Ici Kni I Gjvnx
Mhei jY cKvwkZ nq, Ze cw_exZ mZ D`NvwUZ nq coe Ges
gaKvi cvZwnK weev` we^^v` wZivwnZ ne|
Avwg cybivq ejwQ h, Avwg BwZc~e KLbv Kvb Kjgv cvVKi Rb
e`-`vqv Kwiwb Ges mei Ki GmwQ| wK GLb Lv`vi KvQ
dqmvjv PvBe Ges Zuvi cweZv I ghv`vi evj aie, hvZ wZwb
Avgv`i ga Rvjg I wg_vev`x cK asm Ki GB kwkvjx agK

nvqvZ ZvBqev

235

wece nZ iv Kib| Avwg GB kZ KiwQ h, Avgvi `vqvi wqv mB

AevB gv ^xKvi KiZ ne, hviv gyevnvjvi gq`vb gvKvejvi Rb
DcwZ nb Zv`i cZKB hw` GK eQii ga DwjwLZ wec`vejxi
ga Kvb GKwU viv Avv nb Zviv nvRvi Rb nvb, wKsev `yB nvRvi
Rb nvb| hw` GKRbI evwK _vKb, Ze Avwg AvgvK wg_vev`x vb
Kie| mvx _vK, n Rwgb I Avmgvb! Lv`vi jvbZ IB ewi Ici,
h GB wimvjvn (cywKv) cuQvi ci gyevnvjvqI DcwZ nq bv Kvdi
cwZcb Kiv Ges Aegvbbv KivI cwiZvM Ki bv Ges DcnvmKvix`i
gRwjm nZI c_K nq bv| Ges n gygbiv, Lv`vi Dk Zvgiv
mKj ej, Avgxb|1
AZ:ci nhiZ AvK`vm IB mKj e Djvgv I mvv`vbmxbi bvg
wjwce Kib, hv`iK gyevnvjvi Rb Avnvb Kiv nq| Zba gki
Djvgv I mywd`i bvg GB :
Djvgv`i bvg : (1) gjex mq` gynv` bwhi mvqb mvne, cKvk
mvLyj-Kzj, myivRMox, AZ:ci `njex| (2) gjex ikx` Avng`
mvne, Mvvnx| (3) gjex Avey mvqx` gynv` mvqb mvne, evUvjex|
(4) gjex Aveyj Idv mvbvDjvn mvne, AgZmix|
mydx`i bvg : (1) Mvjvg bhvgyxb mvne mvv`vbmxb B Rbve mq`
wbqvR Avng` mvne, eijex (2) wgqv Avjvn eLk mvne mvv`vbmxb,
Zzbmex (3) nhiZ wgquv Mvjvg dix` mvne, PvPouv kixdIqvjv|

nhiZ LvRv Mvjvg dix` mvne PvPouv kixdIqvjvi mg_b :

GB gyevnvjvi mg_b wK Amg_b Ki Reve `qvi mvnm Ab Kvb
Avjg wKsev mvv`vbmxb Zv Kib bB| Aek, evnvIqvjcyii
beve mvnei cxi nhiZ LvRv Mvjvg dix` mvne PvPouv kixdIqvjv,
GKwU c Aviwe fvlvq nhiZ AvK`vmi L`gZ wjLjb| Gi Ask
wekli Abyev` wbg c` nj :
cKvk _vK h, Avwg Avcbvi I wKZvewU cqwQ, hvi ga gyevnvjvi
Reve Zje Kiv nqQ| hw`I Avgvi Aemi wQj bv, Zey Avwg GB
(1) ZejxM wimvjZ, cg L, 54-55 c:|

236

nvqvZ ZvBqev

wKZvei GKvsk cvV KiwQ| mB Ask Dg m^vab I ivli Dcvq

ewYZ wQj| myZivs, mKj ez Acv cig wcq ey, Avcwb AewnZ nvb,
Avwg c_g nZB Avcbvi Rb mvbRbK vb `uvovb AvwQ, hvZ Avwg
mvIqve jvf Kwi| KLbv Avgvi gyL kv I fw Qvov Avcbvi Rb Ab
Kvb Dw Kwiwb| GLb Avwg AvcbvK RvbvwQ h, Avwg wb:mw`fve
Avcbvi mvay Aev ^xKvi Kwi Ges Avgvi cZq GB h, Avcwb Lv`vi
GKRb mvjn ev`v Ges Avcbvi cPv Avjvni KvQ MnxZ| Gi dj
cv neb Ges Lv`v cig `vbgq ev`kvni wekl AbyMn Avcbvi Ici
AvQ| Avgvi kl gjv_ `vqv Kib Ges Avwg Avcbvi Rb gjgq,
meKzkj cwiYvgi Rb `vqv Ki _vwK|1
nhiZ wgqv Mvjvg dix` mvnei GB c `kb nhiZ AvK`vm AZ
cxZ njb GK Avvg Av_gi cwiwk mwbwe Ki Ab mvv`v
bkxbw`MKI wgqv Mvjvg dix` mvnei Av`k cvjb KiZ Avnvb
Kijb|

mq` ikx` Dxb mvne cxi mvneyj Avjgi Zmw`K :

Aviv GKRb mvv`v bmxb mq` ikx` Dxb mvne cxi mvneyj Avjvg
nhiZ AvK`vmi mZZvi mg_b Kib| Zvi KvQ Zvi Kvb Kvb gyix`
nhiZ AvK`vmi mZZv Rvbvi Rb Ave`b KiwQjb| wZwbI nhiZ
AvK`vmK AviweZ c KiwQjb| Abyev` wbg c` nj :
Avwg imyjyjvn mvjvjv AvjvBn Iqv mvjvgK Kvkd RMZ `kb
Kijvg| Avwg wbe`b Kijvg, imyjyjvn (mvjvjv AvjvBn Iqv mvjvg),
GB h ew gwmn gvID` nIqvi `vwe KiQb, Bwb wK mZev`x? bv,
wg_vev`x I f? imyj~jvn mvjvjv AvjvBn Iqv mvjvg ejjb, wZwb
mZev`x Lv`v ZvAvjvi Zid nZ GmQb| Avwg eySZ cvijvg h,
Avcwb mZi Ici AvQb| AZ:ci, Avwg Avcbvi welq Kvb m`n
cvlY Kie bv| Avcbvi ghv`v m^ Avgvi KvbB m`n DcwZ ne
bv| AvgvK hvnv Av`k Kieb, ZvB Kie| hw` Avcwb ejb h
AvgwiKv hvI, Ze Avwg mLvbB hve| Avwg AvgvK Avcbvi nvIjv
KiwQ| BbkvAvjvn, AvgvK wek ejB cveb|2
(1) hwggv, Avvg Av_g, 36 c:|
(2) hwggv Avvg Av_g, 50 c: nvwkqv|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

237

nhiZ AvK`vm Zuvi m^ wjLQb :

Gui Lwjdv Ave`yj jwZd gig Ges kL Ave`yjvn Aviei cgyL ewi
KvQ Avwg GB mKj K_vB bwQ| B`vwbs, Avgvi Ai ez kV mvjn
gynv` nvRx Avjvn ivLv mvne gv`vR nZ Zvi KvQ wMqwQjb| wZwb
ZvK h_vixwZ mg_K wnmeB cvb| wZwb eis cKvk `ievi `uvwoq
Pvv nvZ wbqv DcwZ mg kvZvK DP K ejQb h, wZwb
Avgvi `vwe h_v_ vb Kib Ges GwUB wZwb KvkdhvM RvbZ cvib|
Zvi mvneRv`v mvneI ejQb h, Zvi wcZv hLb Zmw`K KiQb,
wZwbI A^xKvi Kib bv|1

gjex Mvjvg `Mxi Kmixi e``vqvi cwiYwZ, 1897 mvj :

gjex Mvjvg `Mxi Kmix nhiZ AvK`vmK gyevnvjvi Rb Avnvb
Kijb| wK m m GB kZI cKvk Kib h, wghv mvne mZ nj
gyevnvjvi gvVB Avgvi Ici Avhve bvhj nq| nhiZ AvK`vm Gi
Reve 1897 mvj 15 Rvbyqvix, GKwU BkZnvi cKvk Kib| GB
BkZnvi wZwb wjwLjb h mUvB gyevnvjvi gmbyb ev mybZ wm cwZ,
hvnv AuvnhiZ mvjvjv AvjvBn Iqv mvjvg bvRivbi wLvb`i mv_
gyevnvjv Kivi mgq Aej^b Kib Ges mwU GB wQj h, Zviv gyevnvjv
Kij GK eQii ga asm nZ| cKvk _vK h, GUvB gmbyb ev mybZ
wm cv| GB mybZi c_ Aej^b KivB gjvex Mvjvg `Mxi Kmixi
DwPZ wQj! wZwb GB KZe wePzZ nq Zvi Rb asmi Ab c_ MnY
Kijb| 1305 wnRix mvj wZwb GKwU wKZve dZn ivevbx wjLjb|
ZvZ wjLwQjb :
n hvj Rvjvj Iqvj BKivg, n gvjKzj-gyjK! n gnvgwngvgq gnv
Miegq! n weki Aaxki! hgb Zzwg GKRb ivevbx Avjg nhiZ
gynv` Zvni, gRgvDj envi cYZvi `vqv I Pvq mB wg_vev`x
gvn`x Ges f gmxnK asm KiwQj (h Zvi mgq Afy_vb KiwQj),
Zgwb `vqv I cv_bv KiQ dwKi Kmix (Avjvn Zuvi nvK)| GB `xb
`wi` Zvgvi gnvkwkvjx agi h_vmva mvvnvh KiQ| Zzwg wghv
Kvw`qvbx Ges Zvi nvIqvix`iK ZIev bmyni mvg_ `vI Ges hw` GwU
(1) hwggv Avvg Av_g, 50 c: nvwkqv|

238

nvqvZ ZvBqev

fvM bv _vK, Ze `iK KziAvbi GB AvqvZi Me cuQvI :

A_vr, hviv Rvjg Zv`i g~jvQ` Kiv ne Ges Lv`viB hveZxq

cksmv| Zzwg mekwgvb Ges Zzwg `vqv Keyj Ki _vK|1
gjex Mvjvg `Mxi Kmix Zvi wKZve nhiZ AvK`vm m^ Aviv
wjLwQjb :
A_vr m I Zvi wkliv asm nvK| Lv`vi wK Kz`iZ! Zvi wK gwngv!
gjex Mvjvg `Mxi Kmix wggvsmvi h Dcvq wbaviY KiwQjb, GB
`vqvi ci mB Awfjvm Abymvi KqK w`bi ga wbRB cMi Lv`
nb| GLb gjex Mvjvg `Mxi Kmixi Kvb DjLhvM mvb ev wZ
bB| n A`wkMY, mZK nvb|
gjex Mvjvg `Mxi mvnei mL RwbqvwQj Bgvg gynv` Zvni hic
GKRb f gmxni Rb `vqv KiwQjb Ges Lv`v ZvAvjv ZvK asm
KiwQjb, mfve Zuvi e``vqvZI Lv`v ZvAvjv Zuvi mgmvgwqK gvn`x
`vweKvixK asm Kieb| wK dj wK njv ? Kzcv_bv Kivi ci KqK
w`bi ga wbRB asm njb !

weiev`x Djvgv`iK wb`kb c`kbi Rb cwZhvwMZvi

Avnvb :
nhiZ AvK`vm hLb `Ljb h, weiev`x Djvgviv GjnvgvZ m^ I
Zvi mv_ gyevnvjv KiZ cZ bb, ZLb Brgvg r Kivi Rb
Zv`iK wb`kb c`kbi evcvi cwZhvwMZvi Avnvb Kib| wZwb
ejjb h, Avjvn ZvAvjvi Qq cKvi wb`kb Zvi m AvQ| hyii
fvlvqB wbg mvi mjb Kiv nj :
c_g, hw` Kvb gjex Aviwe ejvMZ I dmvnZ Avgvi wKZve
(1) dZn ivevbx 26-27 c:|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

239

(Avvg Av_vg) Gi gvKvejv KiZ Pvb, Ze jvwZ neb|

wZxq, hw` GB wb`kb MnxZ bv nq, Ze Avgvi cwZKj KziAvb
Kixgi Kvb myivi Zdmxi mvgb em wjLZ cvib|
ZZxq, hw` GB wb`kbI MnxZ bv nq, Ze GK eQi ch weiev`x`i
ga cwm gjex Avgvi KvQ Gm evm Kib| hw` GB mgqi
ga gvbyli kwi ewnf~Z Kvb wb`kb Avgvi viv cKvwkZ bv nq,
Ze Avwg wg_vev`x|
PZz_, hw` GwUI MnxZ bv nq, Ze GKwU cve GB h, Kvb Kvb
LvZbvgv weiev`x BkZnvi w`b h, AgyK ZvwiLi ci GK
eQii ga Kvb wb`kb cKvwkZ nj, Zviv ZIev Kieb Ges
mZZvi mg_b Kieb|
cg, hw` GwUI MnxZ bv nq, Ze kL gynv` mvqb evUvjex Ges
Abvb weLvZ weiev`x Avgvi mv_ gyevnvjv Kib| hw` gyevnvjvi
ci Avgvi e``vqvi wqv nZ GKRbI iv jvf Kib, Ze Avwg
^xKvi Kie h, Avwg wg_vev`x I f|
l, hw` GB mKj welqi GKwUI MnY bv Kib, Ze Avgvi mv_ Ges
Avgvi RvgvZi mv_ mvZ eQi ch GB cKvi mw m~ Ave
nvb h ZKdxi ZKhxe Kvdi I wg_vev`x cwZcbi Pv Ges
KzevP cqvM nZ gyLe ivLeb Ges mKji mB cg I
wkvPvii mv_ gjvgkv Kieb| AZ:ci, hw` GB mvZ eQi
Avgvi Zid nZ Lv`v ZvAvjvi mvnvh Bmjvgi L`gZi
evcvi ``xcgvb wqv cKvwkZ bv nq Ges gmxni nvZ hb
AmZ ag jvi gZz bv NU, A_vr Lv`v ZvAvjv Avgvi nvZ IB
mKj wb`kb c`kb bv Kib hvviv Bmjvgi evK mevcwi cvavb
jvf Ki, hvi dj Pviw`K nZ Bmjvg jvK cek i Ki Ges
wLvb agi AmZ Dcvm jq cvq Ges cw_ex Ab cKvi ic aviY
Ki, Ze Avwg Lv`v ZvAvjvi Kmg Lq ejwQ h Avwg AvgvK
wg_vev`x gb Kie| GB mvZ eQi Kvb ewk mgq bq| GB cKvi
gnvcwieZb GZ A mgqi ga mvab Kiv gvbyli KZZvaxb bq|
myZivs, Avwg mvPv w`j Ges Lv`v ZvAvjvi Kmg mn GwU ^xKvi
KiwQ Ges Avcbv`i mKjK Avjvni bvg mvjvni w`K Avnvb
KiwQ| Avcbviv GLb Lv`v ZvAvjvK fq Kib| hw` Avwg Avjvn

240

nvqvZ ZvBqev

ZvAvjvi Zid nZ bv nq _vwK, Ze Avwg asm ne| bZzev, Lv`v

ZvAvjvi gvgyiK KD asm KiZ cvi bv|1
nhiZ AvK`vm Mqi Avng`x gymjgvb`iK GB Avnvb Kivi g~j wQj
Bmjvg cPvii h KvR hyi KiwQjb, gjex mvnevb ZvZ cwZeK
nwQjb| Zviv wPrKvi KiwQjb h, Giv gymjgvb bq| BZvw`, BZvw`|
hw` Ab`i gvKvejvq mgM gymjgvb mwwjZfve e~n iPbv KiZb,
Ze wbwZB KqK eQii gaB fviZeli wP Avg~j cwiewZZ nZ|
wK `ytLi welq, gymjgvb`i cviwiK Kzdii dZvqvevwR Bmjvg
agi mvsNvwZK wZ Kij| nhiZ AvK`vm Pvi cvuP eQi ci 1901 mvj
cybivq GB cve DcwZ Kib Ges mwi gyZI nvm Ki gv wZb
eQi Kib| wK `y:Li welq, gjex mvnevb GB cveI AvMvn
Kijb|2
(1) hwggv Avvg Av_g, 20-35 c|
(2) BkZnvi
Zvs 5 gvP, 1901 mvj; ZejxM imvjZ,
`kg L, 6 c :|

cwZ jLivgi gZz m^ fwelvYx :

cwZ jLivg AwZkq Zx KUzfvlx I wL cKwZi AvhmgvRx bZv
wQjb| nhiZ gmxn gvID` AvjvBnm mvjvZz Iqvm mvjvg hLb 1885
mvj Agymjgvb`iK wb`kb c`kbv_ Avnevb Kib, ZLb wZwbI
gvKvejvi Rb Kvw`qvb AvMgb Kib Ges weievw``i mv_ wKQzw`b
evm Ki wdihvb| wZwb evi evi nhiZ AvK`vmi KvQ wb`kb PvBZ
_vKb Ges ejZ _vKb, Avgvi m^ hv BQv fwelvYx Kib, Avwg
ZvZ mZ AvwQ|3 nhiZ AvK`vm Zvui Rb `vqv Kijb| ZLb
Bjnvg nj :

[BRjyb Rvmv`yj jv LyIqvib jv bvmveyI I Avhveyb]

(1) BkZnvi 1893 mvji 20 deqvwi|
(2) IB, ZejxM wimvjZ, ZZxq L|
(3) 20 deqvwi 1893 mvji BkZnvi|

cwZ jLivgi gZz khv

242

nvqvZ ZvBqev

A_vr, m GKwU cvYnxb Mv erm Gi wfZi nZ GK cKvi NwYZ k

evi nQ| Aghv`v m~PK eenvi Ges KzevPi cwZdj ^ic mvRv, `y:L I
Avhve wbavwiZ nqQ| Zv m AekB fvM Kie| 1
GB Bjnvgi ci 1893 mvji 20 deqvwi nhiZ AvK`vm GB Avhvei
mgq KLb Rvbvi Rb avb gM nj ZLb Avjvn ZvAvjv Zuvi KvQ cKvk
Kib :
AvRKi ZvwiL, 20 deqvwi, 1893 mvj nZ Qq eQi mgqi ga
GB ew Zvi Kzfvlv cqvMi mvRv ic, A_vr h mKj e-Av`ex GB
ew imyjyjvn mvjvjv AvjvBn I mvjvgi m^ KiQ, IB mKji
mvRv ic fxlY Avhve M ne|2
G m^ nhiZ AvK`vm Aviv GKwU Bjnvg cv njb :

[Bq~Khv Avgi wd mwb]

A_vr cwZ jLivgi welqi cwimgvw Qqi ga Kiv ne|3
nhiZ AvK`vm 1893 mvji 20 deqvixi BkZnvii c_g cwZ
jLivg m^ wbgwjwLZ dviwm Kve c`vejxI wjLwQjb :

A_vr, mveavb, Bmjvgi In A I wec_Mvgx k! Zzwg gynv`

mvjvjv AvjvBn Iqvmvjvgi Zx ZievwiK fq Ki| Avjvn ZvAvjv
ch cQvi h c_ gvbyl nvwiqQ, Gm! Bnv gynv` mvjvjv AvjvBn
(1) IB, ZejxM wimvjZ, ZZxq L|
(2) BkZnvi 20 deqvwi, 1893 mvj ZejxM wimvjZ, ZZxq L|
(3) Bd&Zvn (D`~) cv`UxKv 17 c:|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

243

Iqv mvjvgi AvavwZK mvb Ges Zvi AvbxZ agi mg_K`i KvQ
Abymvb Ki| AewnZ nI, In gynv` mvjvjv AvjvBn Iqv mvjvgi
ghv`v Ges Zuvi Dj RvwZ A^xKviKvix! hw`I KivgZi bvg I wP
bB, Gm, gynvv` mvjvjv AvjvBn Iqv mvjvgi AvavwZK mvb I
meK`i KvQ `kb Ki|
Zvi ci, 1893 mvji 2 Gwcj, nhiZ AvK`vm GK BkZnvi viv
Nvlbv Kib :
AvR, 2 Gwcj, 1893 mvj gyZveK 14 gvn igRvb, 1310 wnRix
fvi wKQzUv Z`vevq Avwg `kb Kijvg h, Avwg GKwU weivU AvqZb
evwoZ Dcwe AvwQ& KqKRb ezI Avgvi KvQ AvQb| BwZga GKRb
wecyjvqZb, ewj, fqvbK AvKwZ wewk ew hb Zvi Pnviv nZ i
SiSi Ki wbcwZZ nQ Avgvi m~L Gm `vovj| Avwg hLb PvL
Zzwjqv `Ljvg, ZLb Avwg RvbZ cvijvg h, m GKRb Awfbe `n I
Pwi wewk evw| Ab K_vq, gvbyl bq| wbgg, KVvi cKwZ
dikZv`i AbZg| mKji gbB Zvi nhiZ AwaKvi Kij| Avwg Zvi
cwZ ZvKvb AevqB wQjvg, m AvgvK wRvmv Kij, jLivg Kv_vq?
Aviv GK ewi bvg wbq ejj h, Ag~K Kv_vq? ZLb Avwg eywSZ
cwijvg h, GB ew jLivg Ges Aci ewK ` `qvi Rb wbhy
nqQ| wK Aci ew K wQj, Avgvi iY _vKj bv|1 Zvici, wZwb
1893 mbB mvi mq` Avng` Lvub gig mvneK Zvi wKZve eiKvZz`
`vqv Z m^vab c~eK wjLwQjb :

A_vr, In, GB h Zzwg ejQv, `vqvi Kvb wqv _vKj Zv Kv_vq?

Avgvi KvQ Gmv| Avwg ZvgvK w`evjvKi bq `vqvi wqv cZ
Kivev| Zzwg Lv`v ZvAvjvi m~vwZm~ Kz`iZ mg~nK A^xKvi Kiv bv|
hw` `vqvi wqv `Lvi AvMn _vK, Ze Gm Ges Avgvi `vqvi dj
`L| Gew m^ Lv`v AvgvK ejQb h, Keyj nqQ| A_vr,
jLivg m^ Avgvi `vqv|
(1) Avqbvq KvgvjvZ Bmjvg|

244

nvqvZ ZvBqev

Zvici, 1893 mvj cbxZ Zvi wKZve KivgvZzm mv`Kxb wZwb

wjLQb :

A_vr, AvgvK jLivgi gZz m^ Lv`v ZvAvjv mymsev` w`qQb

Ges ejQb h, kxNB Zzwg mB C`i w`bi cwiPq jvf Kie Ges
cKZ C`i w`bI mB C`i wbKUeZx ne|
cwZ jLivg mvne evi evi wb`kb `LZ PvIqvq nhiZ AvK`vm ZvK
h wb`kb `LvZ PvBjb, Zr-msv fwelvYxi Avgiv wevwiZ
AvjvPbv KiwQ| GLb wPi Ab w`KI `Lyb|
cwZ jLivg mvne hnZz nhiZ AvK`vmi fwelvYx jvi cwZ j
Kiv GKeviB AhvM gb KiZb, mB Rb hZB nhiZ AvK`vmi
c nZ m~Y fwelvYx Kiv nj, ZZB aZvi I `yZvi AviI
ewk cwZRx AMmi nZ jvMjb| wZwb GKwU v aviYvi ekeZx
nqwQjb| wZwb KqK eQi AvM nhiZ AvK`vm m^ fwelvYx KiZ
wMq `vwe KiwQjb :
GB ew (A_vr nhiZ wghv mvne) wZb eQii ga welywPKv ivM
cvYZvM Kie| KviY, wZwb (bvDh~wejvn) Nvi wg_vev`x, Kvhhve|
Aviv wjLwQjb :
wZb eQii ga Gi cwimgvw NUe Ges Zvi mvb`i gaI KD
Aewk _vKe bv|1
wZwb fewQjb h, nhiZ AvK`vmi fwelvYxI (bvDh~wejvn) GB
cKviB wg_vq cwiYZ ne|
wK gnvgwngvw^Z gnv Miegq hyj-Rvjvj Lv`vi kl wggvsmv `Lyb|
nhiZ AvK`vmi fwelvYxi cg el hgb GKwU Gjnvg ejv
nqwQj,
[Bq~Khv Avgi wd-mwb] A_vr, cwZ
jLivg mvnei evcvi Qq eQii ga kl Kiv ne| Z`cB C`yj
Avhnvi ci w`b 1898 mvji 6 gvP mv 6Uvi mgq fwelvYx Abymvi
(1) cwZ jLivg cYxZ, ZKhxi evivnxb Avng`xqv,; 311 c :|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

245

cwZ jLivg wbnZ njb1 Ges GB cKvi wbwZfve cgvwYZ nj h,

nhiZ gmxn gvID` AvjvBnm mvjvgi fwelvYx Zvi wbRi w`K nZ
wQj bv, eis Avjvgyj-q~e Ahvgx Lv`vi Zid nZ wQj|

nZvi cieZx NUbv :

cwZ jLivg mvne Avh mgvRi GKRb cwm bZv wQjb| nhiZ
AvK`vmi fwelvYx m^ Mn Mn evcK AvjvPbv nwQjv| AZGe,
hLb cwZ mvnei nZvKv NUj, ZLb `kgq wPrKvi i nj| wn`y
cwKvjv GB nZvK LvjvLywjfve nhiZ AvK`vmi loh ej
wb`k Kij| nhiZ AvK`vmK nZv Kivi gwK w`qv e ebvgx wPwV
jLK nj| msMVbjvZ nZvKvixi cwiPq`vZvi Rb Ges nhiZ
AvK`vmK nZv Kivi Rb eo eo cyivi avh nj| wK nZv mvb
cvIqvi K_v wQj bv, cvqwb| Zvici, nhiZ mvnei ndvRZi welq|
Gi fvi Lv`v ZvAvjv wbR nvZ MnY KiQb| Avjvn ZvAvjv ZuvK
Bjnvg viv vZ KwiqvwQjb :
[I Avjv BqvmgyKv wgbvb bvm|]
A_vr Avjvn ZvAvjv ZvgvK gvbyli AvgY nZ iv Kieb|2

nhiZ AvK`vmi Mn Zjvwm :

hLb wn`y`i Kvb Pv PwiB KvhKix nj bv, ZLb Zviv MfYgUi
Ici Pvc w`Z jvMjb h nhiZ AvK`vmi wei nZvi lohi
gvKgv Pvjvb nvK! dj, LvZbvgv I wekl Awf miKvwi Mvq`viv
wbhy njb| Zviv bvbv w`K w`qv Z` i Kijb| jvnvi Ges
AgZmii mv gymjgvb`i evwoZI Lvbv Zjvwk njv| 1897 mvj 8
Gwcj, wgt wjgviP (Gm-wc, i`vmcyi) Ges evUvjvi WcywU cywjk
Bci wgqvu gynv` eLk mvne AmsLK GK `j cywjmmn Gm
nhiZ AvK`mi MniI Zvjvwk Kijb| wK dj BnvB wbYxZ njv h,
wZwb ev Zvuiv Rvgv'Zi mv_ GB NUbvi KvbB mK bvB|
(1) nZvKvi ev kl cvq `e|
(2) Avvg Av_g 51-62 cvq cKvwkZ 1896 mvj cv GjnvgvZi AMZ|

246

nvqvZ ZvBqev

nZvi loh nhiZ AvK`vm wj _vKvi m`ncvlYKvixK

m`yc`k :
Avh cm Ges Avh bZviv ZvuKB GB nZvKvi Rb `vqx gb KiZb
ej wZwb jLivgi gZz m^ Avh`i aviYv wkivbvg GB BkZnvi
cKvk Kijb| ZvZ wjwLZ nj :
hw` GLbv Kvb m`nKvixi m`n `~i bv nq Ges AvgvK GB
nZvKv loh RwoZ ewjqv gb Kib, hgb wn`y cwKvmg~n gZ
cKvk KiQ, Zv nj Avwg GKwU m`yc`k w`wQ, hv viv GB NUbvi
wggvsmv nq hve Ges Zvnj AwfhvMKvix ew Avgvi myL njd
Kie| njdi fvlv Gfve ne : Avwg wbwZfve Rvwb h GB ew
(A_vr, nhiZ AvK`vm AvjvBnm mvjvg) nZvi loh wj wQj, ev
ZuvivB Av`k nZvKv NUQ| hw` Zv mZ bq, Ze n mekwgvb
Lv`v! GK eQii ga Avgvi Ici fqven Avhve AeZxY Ki, wK
Kvb gvbyli nvZ bq Ges gvbyli lohi hb GZ Kvb cKvi
AwaKvi _vKv aviYv Kiv bv hvq| AZ:ci, hw` GB ew (A_vr
kc_Kvix) GK eQi ch Avgvi e``vqv nZ iv cvq, Ze Avwg
Acivax Ges nZvKvixi cvc `i hvM| GLb hw` Kvb mvnmx Avh
exi cyil _vK h GB cKvi mviv wekK mskqgy Ki Ze GB cv
Aej^b KiK|1

Mvwezi `y:mvnm I c c`kb :

nhiZ AvK`vmi GB njdi Avnvbi gvKvejvq KD GB cKvi kc_
Kivi `y:mvnm Kiwb| Avh mgvRi ga nZ gv RbK Mvwez Zvui
KvQ wjLjb, Avwg kc_ KiZ cZ| wK Gi Rb wZwb wZbwU kZI
DcwZ Kijb| c_g, hw` fwelvYx mdj bv nq, Ze (bvDh~wejvn wgb
hvjKv) nhiZ AvK`mK dvwmi ` cZ ne| wZxq, Mvwezi Rb
`k nvRvi UvKv MfYgUi KvQ Rgv KiZ ne, ev Kvb wek ev
Rgv KiZ ne, hvZ Mvwez wbwZ _vKZ cvib Ges e``vqvq Zvi
gZz bv NUj wZwb UvKv jvf KiZ cvib| ZZxq, hLb wZwb Kvw`qvb
(1) BkZnvi, 15 gvP, 1997 mvj, ZejxM wimvjvZ 52 c:|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

247

Avmeb, ZLb G evcvi `vwqZ MnY KiZ ne h, wZwb jLivgi bvq

wbnZ neb bv|1
Mvwez gnvkqi GB wZb kZKB nhiZ AvK`vm gyi Kijb Ges
wjLjb h, Mvwez wbgwjwLZ K_vq kc_ Kib :
Avwg AgyKi cy AgyK, RvwZ AgyK, mvwKb AgyK, Rjv AgyK Avjvn
Rvjv kvbyi, ev cigkii kc_ c~eK ejwQ h, wghv Mvjvg Avng`
Kvw`qvbx evweKB cwZ jLivgi nZvKvix| Avgvi `p cZq h, GB
fwelvYx Lv`v ZvAvjvi Zid nZ wQj bv| Av gvbyli GKwU loh
gv, hv fwelvYxi Qjbvq KvhKix Kiv nq| hw` Avgvi GB eYbv AmZ
nq Ze n mekwgvb Lv`v! GB ewi mZZv wb`kbv_ Zvgvi GB
wb`kb c`kb Ki h, GK eQii ga AvgvK Gfve gZz `vI hv
gvbyli cwiKwZ bq| hw` Avwg GK eQii ga cvYZvM Kwi, mg
RMvmx iY ivLe h, Avgvi gZz G K_vi mv ne h, evweKB Bnv
Lv`vi cKZ Bjnvg wQj, gvbyli cwiKbv wQj bv Ges evweKB
Kejgv BmjvgB mZ ag Ges Abvb ag, h_v Avh ag, mbvZb ag,
wLvb ag cfwZ mKjB weKZ gZev`|
eZ: kc_i GB gRgybwU Kvb wek I cwm msev`c cKvk KiZ
ne Ges GB kc_B Kvw`qvb Gm cKvk Rbmfvq KiZ ne| GLb
hw` Avwg GB Iqv`v nZ wdi hvB, Ze Avgvi Ici Lv`vi jvbZ|
bPr, Avcbvi Ici|
Avcbvi Ave`b gvwdK Avgvi KZe ne Avwg `k nvRvi UvKv Rgv Ki
`B Ges Avgvi Ave`b Abymvi Avcbvi KZe ne Avcwb Kvb KvU
QvU bv Ki GB cKvi AxKviB njd Ki Kvb wbfihvM cwm
msev`c, h_v AvLevi Avg G cKvk Kieb| Avwg hgb ^xKvi
KiwQ, Avcbvi GB gyw`Z ^xKwZ cuQvi `yB gvmi ga `k nvRvi UvKv
Rgv Ki w`e| hw` bv Kwi, Ze wg_vev`x ewjqv MY ne|2
nhiZ AvK`vm hLb jvjv Mvwez mvnei wZbwU kZB gyi Kijb Ges
njdi evKjvI wjL w`jb, ZLb jvjv Mvwez mvne jvnvii
(1) BkZnvi, 5 gvP, 1997 mvj, ZejxM wimvjvZ l L, 75-79 c:|
(2) BkZnvi, 16 Gwcj, 1997 mvj, ZejxM wimvjvZ 87-88 c:|

248

nvqvZ ZvBqev

nvg`` nx` cwKvq 12 Gwcj Avi GKwU kZ ew Kijb| (nhiZ

AvK`vm) gxhv mvne (bvDhywejvn wgb hvjKv) wg_vev`x dvwmZ
mve nq gviv Mj Zvui jvk AvgvK (A_vr, jvjv MvwezK) w`Z
ne| AZtci, GB jvkK Avwg hv BQv, Kie, ` Kwie, b`xZ wbc
Kiev, ev Ab hv KiZ nq

GB kZi cZzi nhiZ AvK`vm wjwLjb :

GB kZI Avwg gyi KiwQ| Avgvi gZI wg_vev`xi jvk mecKvi
jvbvi hvM| GB kZ evweKB AZvekKxq wQj| GwU Mvwez mvne
h_vmgq iY KiQb| wK cwZc ic GB kZB envj ivLvi
AvgviI AwaKvi AvQ| Ges Zv GB h, Mvwez mvne GB fwelvYx
Abyhvqx cvYZvM Kij Zvi jvk Avwg cvBe, hvZ weRq wP^ic mB
jvk Avgvi AwaKvi _vKe| Avwg GB jvk b Kie bv| DchvMx gkjv
viv msiYc~eK meRbi MvPixfyZ nq, Ggb vb ev jvnvi
wgDwRqvg weRq ^viK wnme ivLvi eev Kwie| wK jvk cvIqvi
Rb GLb nZ Kvb Dg eev nIqv AZvekK| GZ`yk Zv
Acv DrKZe eev gb co bv h, cwZ jLivgi wZ iv_ h
cvk ev lvU nvRvi UvKv msMnxZ nqQ, ZvnZ `k nvRvi UvKv jvki
RgvbZ^ic MnxZ nqQ, ZvnZ `k nvRvi UvKv jvki RvgvbZ ^ic
MnxZ nq miKvwi ev Rgv _vK Ges KvlvMvii KvMRv ZvZ Bnv
wjL `qv nq h GK eQii ga Mvwezi gZz nj Ges Zvi jvk
Avgvi nvIqvjv Kiv bv nj Zv cwieZ jvki g~j eve` ev jvk nvIqvjv
bv Kivi wZc~iY ^ic D RgvKZ 10,000 UvKv Avgvi nvIqvjv KiZ
ne| GB ^xKwZi GKwU bKj Kvlvai `LZ mn AvgviI cvBZ
ne|1
nhiZ AvK`vmi GB kZB cZzi jvjv Mwez mvne wjwLjb :
Avwg Avh mgvRi m`m bB h, Zviv Avgvi Rb mnvbyf~wZc~eK `k
nvRvi UvKv Rgv Kwiqv `eb|2

nhiZ AvK`vm Reve w`jb :

iY ivLZ ne, Mvwez mvnei c `k nvRvi UvKv msMn Kiv
(1) BkZnvi, 16 Gwcj, 1997 mvj, ZejxM wimvjvZ l L 91-92 c:|
(2) BkZnvi, 27 Gwcj, 1997 mvj, ZejxM wimvjvZ l L|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

249

wKQzB KwVb bq| KviY, hw` Avh mvnevbI mZB GB AwfgZ cvlY
Kib h, cKZ c GB jLKB jLivg nv Ges Zviv AviK wbwZ
cZq ic ZvB Rvbb h Bjnvg Ges Hkx evKvjvc mgB wg_v K_v
eZ: GB jLKi lohB nZvwqv msNwUZ nqQ, Ze Zviv mvMn
jvjv MvwezK mvnvh Kib| `k nvRvi Kb, cvk nvRviI Rgv
KiZ cvib| Zviv GiI eev KiZ cvib h, Avgvi KvQ nZI `k
mnm UvKv bIqv ne, Zv Avh mgvRi KjvYKi KvR eq Kiv nq|
myZivs, RvgvbZ wnme `k nvRvi UvKv Rgv KiZ Avh mvnevbi c
GLb evav wK? Zv Zv GKUv webv cqmvi mI`v| GZ wavi Kvb nZz
bB| GZ GB jvfI AvQ h, miKvi RvbZ cwieb h Avh mgvRi
mwZg GB evcvi NUQ Ges GB gnvwb`kb viv wPiKvj weev`
wgUe|
Avi hw` GB Aev nq _vK h, Avh mgvRi mv ewiv jvjv
Mvwezi GB h AwfgZ GB Aag jLivgi nZvKvix GwUK wg_v
weePbv Kib, Ze Avgvi wK cqvRb AvQ h, Avwg Gfve ewi
gvKvejvi fvebv Kie, hvK Zvi ^RvwZB wg_vev`x ej mve KiQ|
hw` Mvwez Avgvi GB kZ gyi bv Kib, Ze fwelZ ZvK KLbv
Di `qv ne bv Ges Zvi Dk GB Avgvi kl BkZnvi|1

gjex gynv` mvqb evUvjexK kc_ Kivi Avnvb :

cvVK gnv`qiv Zv b Avh neb h, gjex gynv` mvqb evUvjex
mvne GB cmI nhiZ AvK`vmi weivPiY KiZ KzwZ nbwb| wZwb
jLwb I eZv viv cKvi KiZ jvMjb h, fwelvYx wg_v nqQ|
GZ nhiZ AvK`vm wjLjb :
gjex gynv` mvqb mvne hw` mvPv `j GKxb ivLb h, jLivg
msv GB fwelvYx wg_v nqQ, Ze ZvK weivwaZRbK jLvi K
Kivi Kvb cqvRb bB| Avwg Avjvn ZvAvjvi Kmg Ki ejwQ, hw`
wZwb cKvk Rbmfvq Avgvi myL njd Kib h,
G fwelvYx Lv`v ZvAvjvi Zid nZ wQj bv Ges mdjI nqwb Ges
(3) BkZnvi, 27 Gwcj, 1997 mvj, ZejxM wimvjvZ l L 101-102 c:|

250

nvqvZ ZvBqev

hw` Zv Lv`v ZvAvjvi Zid nZ wQj Ges evweK mdj nqwQj, Ze n

Kv`i gyrjK Lv`v! GK eQii ga Avgvi Ici Kvb fxlY Avhve
bvhj Ki, Zvici, hw` gjex mvne gmyd GB fxlY Avhve nZ GK
eQi ch iv cvb, Ze Avwg AvgvK wg_vev`x vb Kie Ges gjex
mvnei nvZ ZIev Kiev| Avgvi KvQ Gm^ hZ wKZve AvQ, Zver
` Kiev| hw` wZwb GLbv c c`kb Kib, Zvnj Avnj Bmjvg
AewnZ nvb h Zvui Aev wK Ges wZwb Kv_vq cQQb?1
GB BkZvnvii ci gjex mvne KqKRb AhwK I Ag~jK IRi
Avcw c`kbi ci bxie njb|

GB nZvi A_bwZK DcKvwiZv :

GB nZvi dj gymjgvbvi A_bwZKfve DcKZ njb| mKvj `y,
`wa I wgvbi `vKvbcvU ay wn`y`iB wQj| GB NUbvi dj wn`y
`vKvb`viiv Kvb Kvb gymjgvb evjKevwjKvK wgVvBi mv_ wel c`vb
Ki| GZ gymjgvb`i Pz Lyjj| Zviv `y, `wa I wgvbi `vKvb
Lvjv i Kijb|

nhiZ AvK`vmi xbx MqiZ :

Avgiv cwZ jLivgi welq wbq AvjvPbv KiZ wQjvg| G cm
cwZ jLivg msv GKwU NUbvi DjL Riwi gb Kwi| GZ nhiZ
AvK`vmi wbx MqiZ cKvk cvq| nhiZ kL BqvKze Avjx mvne
Bidvbx ivwh Avjv Avb wjwLqvQb :
GKevi nhiZ gmxn gvID` AvjvBnm mvjvg wdivRcyi nZ Kvw`qvb
AvmwQjb| Avwg ivqey ch m wQjvg| mLvb wZwb `qvciek nq
AvgvK ejjb : Avcwb Zv PvKwi Kib bv| jvnvi ch Pjyb|
Avmii bvgvhi mgq wQj| wZwb bvgvh covi Rb cZ nwQjb| ZLb
mLvb GKwU g (PeyZiv) wQj| GLb mLvb cvUdig wbwgZ nqQ|
Avwg cvUdigi w`K Mjvg| ZLb cwZ jLivg, Avhv gymvdi
mv`Ki hebKvj| wZwb cwZ `qvb` mvnei Rxebx jLZ wQjb|
(1) BkZnvi, 11 Gwcj, ZejxM l L, 80 c: nvwmqv|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

251

wZwb Rji hvIqvi wQjb| KviY wZwb meZ: mLvbB KvR KiZb|
Kv_v nZ GmwQ, wZwb AvgvK wRvmv Kib| Avwg nhiZ AvK`vmi
AvMgb m^ ejjvg| ZLb Lv`v Rvbb, Zvui gb wK fvev`q nj|
`woq mLvb DcwZ nq, hLvb nhiZ AvK`vm ARy KiwQjb
(Avwg GLbv IB `k hb `LwQ Bidvbx) wZwb Rvi nvZ Avh`i
c_vbyhvqx nhiZ AvK`vmK mvjvg Kib| nhiZ AvK`vm Ggwb gv_v
Zzwjqv wKwr `wcvZ Kib| Zvici ARy KiZ jvMjb| cwZ jLivg
gb Kijb h, eva nq kvbb bvB| wZwb Avevi mvjvg ejjb|
nhiZ AvK`vm AvMi gZvB ARy KiZ wbgM iwnjb| KZY Acv
Ki cwZ jLivg Pwjqv Mjb| KD ejb h, cwZ jLivg mvjvg
KiZ wQjb| hyi ewjjbt G Auv nhiZ mvjvjv AvjvBn I mvjvgi
eoB Aegvbbv KiQ| Gi mvjvg bqv Avgvi Bgvbi Ljvd| Avu
nhiZi (mvt) cwe Rxebi Ici Zv AvgY Pvjvq, Gw`K AvgvK
mvjvg KiZ Avm!
Avjvn, Avjvn! AvunhiZ mvjvjv Avjv&Bn I mvjvgi evcvi Zvui KZ
MvBiZ wQj| wfb RvwZi GKRb mvwbZ bZv AvunhiZ mvjvjv
AvjvBn Imvjvgi cwZ Aghv`v c`kb KiZ ej Zvi mvjvg ch MnY
Kiv cQ` Kibwb|

nhiZ mvneRv`x gyevivKv eMg

mvnevi Rb, 1897 mvji 2 gvP:
1897 mvji 2 gvP gvZveK 27 igRvbyj gyeviK 1314 wnRwi mvj
Hkx mymsev` Abyg nhiZ AvK`vmi GK Kbv mvneRv`x gyevivKv
eMg mvnev RbMnY Kib| Zvui Rbi AvM nhiZ AvK`vm Zvui m^
Bjnvg cv njb:

(Zzbvk-kvD wdj wnjqvZ)

A_vr Ajvii ga cwZcvwjZ ne|1 Gi A_ wQj Zvui AmQjZvi
(1) nwKKZzj Awn, 217 c:|

252

nvqvZ ZvBqev

Aev KLbI NUe bv Ges wZwb A eqm cvYZvM Kieb bv| cieZx
NUbvejx nZ Rvbv hvq h, nhiZ AvK`vmi GB fwelvYx Ai Ai
c~Y nqQ| Zvui weevn nhiZ beve gynv` Avjx Lvu mvnei mv_
nqwQj| wZwb GKRb eo RvqMxi`vi wQjb| gvwjqKvUjv ivRi kvnx
cwievii mv_ Zvui Nwb mwKZ AvZxqZv wQj I wekl mv iwqm
wQjb|

Kvw`qvb ZzKx Kbmvj mvqb Kvgxi AvMgb 1897 wLv 10

ev 11 g
1897 mvji cvi KivPx ZzKx mvgvRi Kbmvj mvqb eK Kvgx
jvnvi AvMgb Kib| wZwb bnvr mgc~eK GKwU c jL nhiZ
AvK`vmi mvvr jvfi AvMn cKvk Kib nhiZ AvK`vm ZvuK
mvvZi myhvM `vb AwbQzK wQjb| KviY, Avjvn ZvAvjv BwZc~e
ZvuK vZ KiwQjb :

GB ewi cKwZMZ KcUZvi fve wgkY AvQ|1 wK Gi gbvK bv

nq GB fe AbygwZ c`vb Kjb| 10 wKsev 11 g 1897 mvj Kbmvj
mvne Kvw`qvb AvMgb Kib Ges wbRb mvvrKvii Rb Ave`b
Kib| nhiZ AvK`vmi gb ZvuK GB myhvM w`Z PvBwQj bv KviY,
`ywbqv ciwi M Abyf~Z nwQj| wK wkvPvi ekZ: AbygwZ `vb Kib|
mvvrKvj Kbmvj mvne ZzKx myjZvbi Rb wekl `vqvi Ave`b
Ki AvMn cKvk Kib h, fwelZ Avmgvbx KvRv K`i Zvui Rb wK
AvQ, Rvbvb nq| nhiZ AvK`vm ZvK cwivi ewjjb, myjZvbi
mvgvRi Aev fvj bq| Avwg Kvkdxfve Zvui AvgZ`i Aev fvj
`LwQ bv| Avgvi gZ GB mKj Aevq cwiYvg fvj bq|
nhiZ AvK`vmi GB K_vjv Kbmvj gnv`qi KvQ Awcq eva nj|
wZwb jvnvi cZvMgb Kwiqv bvhg nx` mv`Ki bvg GKwU c
wjLjb| GB c nhiZ AvK`vmi wei bvbv cKvi Ag~jK K_vq c~Y
wQj| mv`K mvne cwU cKvk Kib| GZ nhiZ AvK`vm GKwU
(1) BkZnvi 24 g, 1897 mvj|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

253

BkZnvi viv cKZ Aev RbmgvRi myL DcwZ Kib|1

ZzKx Kbmvji c`vdvK

GB NUbvi ci Ggb Aevi De nj h, mB eQiB, A_vr 1897 mvj
Mm I ZzKxi ga hy evaj| fviZeli gymjgvbiv ZzKxi mvnvhv_ Puv`v
msMn Ki ZzKx Kbmvj mvqb Kvgxi nvZ mgcY Kib| wZwb Zv ZzKx
MfYgUi KvQ Rgv bv w`qv AvZmvr Kib| Gi dj Zvui h cwiYwZ
NUj, KbmvUvwbvcji ci gg nZ Zv cKvk cvq| mjxg cvkv Pvu`v
KwgwUi KgKZv wQjb| msev` cq wZwb e KvqKk GB UvKv Dvii
Pv Kib Ges mb Kvgxi mw wbjvg Ki UvKv Av`vqi eev
Ki| Zvici myjZvbi KvQ wicvU Ki ZvuK PvKwi nZ eiLv Kiv
nq|2

PaIqu mw` cwKvi eyRyMi ZIev :

ZzKx Kbmvj mvqb eK Kvgxi K_v Dci ejv nqQ| wZwb hLb wbivk
nq jvnvi cZvMgbi ci bvhg nx` mv`Ki bvg nhiZ
AvK`vmi wei bnvqZ Akxj, bxwZ I gbylZ weewRZ GKwU c
jLb Ges mB cwKvq Zv 1897 mvj 15 g cKvwkZ nq, ZLb wewfb
msev`c ZvuK GKRb gymjgvb e`wkK Kbmvj gb Ki Zvui ci e
iZ c`vb Kib| mKvj ivIqvjwcw nZ PaIqu mv`x bvg GKwU
cwKv cKvwkZ nZ| IB cwKvi GKwU msLvq hLb cwU cKvwkZ njv
Ges mLvbKvi GKRb eyRyM cwU cvV Kijb, ZLb AvZmvi Zvi
gyL nZ GB ki ei nj :

A_vr, Lv`v hLb Kviv c`v we`viY KiZ Pvb; ZLb m cwevZv`i
we`c Kivi cwZ AvK nq|
cwKvi GB msLv hLb Kvw`qvb nhiZ AvK`vmi hyi cvV Kiv nj,
hyii gb GB eyh~M m^ Avjvob DcwZ nj| wZwb hZB GwU Zvui
(1) BkZnvi 24 g, 1897 mvj|
(2) wevwiZ weeiY wZiBqvKzj Kzjye, 121 c : Ges bvBqvi Avmdx (gv`vR) mvji
12 B Avei msLv `e|

254

nvqvZ ZvBqev

wP nZ `~ixf~Z Kivi Pv Kijb, `~i nj bv| ZLb wZwb mB eyRyM

m^ Avjvn ZvAvjvi KvQ `vqv Kijb : Gjvwn! hw` Zzwg Rvb h
Avwg Zvgvi Zid nZ Zvgvi cwiZ Ges gwmn gvID`, Ze Zzwg mB
ewi c`v wQb Ki, hvK eyRyM ej GB KvMR cKvk Kiv nqQ| wK
hw` wZwb Kvw`qvb Gm memvaviYi myL ZIev Kib, Ze ZvK gv
Kiv| KviY Zzwg inxg I Kixg cig `qvgq| gvi Rb 1897 mvji
1 RyjvB nZ 1898 mvji 1 RyjvB ch GK eQii mgq wbaviY Kib
I ewYZ hveZxq welq 1897 mvji 25 Ryb GK BkZnvi cKvk Kib|
nhiZ AvK`vmi GB BkZnvi hLb GB eyyRyMi KvQ cuQj, ZLb
wZwb AZ ewZe nq cojb| BwZga Gfve Kvb Kvb jY
`Lv w`j, hvi viv Zvi fxlY c`v duvKi mvebv Zwi njv| mgK
Aevi cwZ j Ki wZwb gv Pq c jLb Ges GwUI wjLb h,
Kvb Kvb Aevi KviY AvcvZZ: wZwb nvwRi nIqvi welq gvi cv
Ges h_vme 1898 mvji RyjvBi c~eB wZwb nvwRi neb|
nhiZ AvK`vm GB ci Reve wjLb h, Lv`v ZvAvjv GB eyRyMi
Aciva gv Kib Ges Zvui cwZ m nvb| hyi Zvui cwZ m nqQb
Ges gv KiQb|1

AvdMvwbvbi AvgxiK ZejxM :

G eQi AvdMvwbvbi Avgxi Ave`yi ingvb LvK wZwb Zvi GKRb
gyLwjm gyix`i gvidZGi bvg, Ave`yi ingvb Lvu wQjI GKwU ZejxMx
c ciY Kib| AvdMvwbvb gjex`i gnvcwZcw wQj| GB KviY,
meZ:, cLvwb Avgxi Ave`yi ingvb Lvui KvQ cQwb| Ges
gjex`i dvrIqvi dj nhiZ AvK`vmi `~Z Ave`yi ingvb Lvu knx`
njb|

gvng~` Kx Avgxb:
nhiZ AvK`vm KziAvb Kixgi cg wejxb wQjb| KziAvb Kixgi wkv
`vb Ges Gi wevi mvab Zvui AbbmvaviY Avmw wQj| G Rb nhiZ
(1) BkZnvi, 20 k bf^i 1897 mvj, ZejxM wimvjZ, l L, 178-79 c:|

nvqvZ ZvBqev

255

mvneRv`v wghv ekxixb gvngy` Avng` (Bgvg, RvgvZ Avng`xqv

gvvbvjv eZzj nvqvZnx) hLb KziAvb Kixg `L cvV LZg Kib,
ZLb nhiZ AvK`vm eoB cxZ njb| wZwb GB Dcj GK gRwjmi
Abyvb KiZ PvBjb| evBi nZ L`gZMvi`iI GZ hvM`vbi Rb
wbgY Kijb Ges Abyvb cvV Kivi Rb GKwU KweZvI jLb| Zv
gvngy` Kx Avgxb bvg wew`Z| Zv D`~ `yii mvgxb mwbwe AvQ|
`v ^ic GB KweZv nZ PviwU ki wbg DZ Kiv njv :

A_vr, n ive, ZvgviB Gnmvb| Avwg Zvgvi vi Kzievb| ZzwgB

w`qvQ Bgvb| cwZY Zzwg bMvnevb| cwZY ZvgviB Kcv| Zzwg inxg
I ingvb mrKvRi e mydj evi evi `vZv, bv PwBZI `vZv| GB w`em
Avkxev` `yI| cwe, whwb AvgvK GB w`b `wLqQb| ZzwgB GB w`bi
mvvr KwiqQ| gvngy` KziAvb cvV Ki AvmQ| gb Zvgvi GB AbyMn
`kb Zvgvi cksmv MxwZ MqQ| kZ kvKi, IMv Lv`v! kZ kvKi,
IMv Lv`v! GB w`b Avkxev` `vI| cwe wZwb, whwb AvgvK GB w`b
`wLqQ|

gnvivYx wfvwiqvi lwZg Rywejx 1897 mvj, 19 Ryb :

1897 mvji 19 Ryb Bsj I fviZel gnvivYx wfvwiqvi lwZg
ivRvwflK I Avb`vrme cvwjZ nq| GB Dcj nhiZ AvK`vm
Zvndv Kqmwiqv bvgK GKLvwb wKZve cYqb Kib| GB wKZve nhiZ
gmxnK Lv`v ZvAvjvi GKRb ev`v Ges mZ imyj nIqvi K_v cKvk
Kiv nq| eZgvb wL `kb v nIqv Ges Bmjvg we mwVK ag nIqvi
K_vI cKvk Kiv nq| gnvivYxK Bmjvgi Avnevb vcb Kib| h_
cwigvY GB wKZve webvg~j weZiY Kiv nq| gnvivYxi fviZ fvBmiq
Ges cvvei jdUvbvU MfYiKI ciY Kiv nq|

256

nvqvZ ZvBqev

gkvqL I myjvnvK Avjvn Rjv kvbyi Kmgmn Avnevb, 15

RyjvB 1897
nhiZ AvK`vm 1897 mvji 15 RyjvB gvkvqL, myjvnv cgyL Avjvn
Iqvjv`iK Brgvg r, Z_v c~Ygvvq cwZwZvg~jK hyw c`vbi
Dk Aviv GKwU cve `b| Zv wQj GB :
Avwg wn`yvb I cvvei Zver gvkvqL, dwKi I mvjn`iK Avjvn
Rjv kvbyi Kmg w`wQ, hvi bvgi myL Mi`vb bZ Kiv cZK
agcivqY xb`vii KZe| Zvuiv Avgvi m^ Avjvn ZvAvjvi cwZ
AZ: GKzk w`b gbvmshvM Kib, A_vr GB cKvi Kib h, GKzk
w`bi AvM wKQz evaMg bv nj, Lv`v ZvAvjvi KvQ nZ GB Z I
Z_ D`NvwUZ nIqvi Rb cv_bv Kib h, Avwg K? Avwg wg_vev`x? bv,
Avjvn ZvAvjvi Zid nZ GmwQ? Avwg evi evi eyRyMvb xbi L`gZ
Avjvn Rjv kvbyi Kmg w`q GB wfv KiwQ h, wbqB GKzk w`b ch
hw` Zrc~e Rvbv bv hvq GB gZf` `~i Kivi Rb `vqv I avb Kib|
Avwg mywbwZ Rvwb h, Lv`v ZvAvjvi Kmg b cZK cwe `q,
Lv`v ZvAvjvi AvhgZi fqKvix wbqB gbvhvM wbe Kie| AZ:ci,
GB cKvi Gjnvgx mvvejx GKwZ nIqvi ci hw`K msLvwaK ne,
Zv Avjvn ZvAvjvi Zidi ej vb KiZ ne|
GB cvei viv BbkvAvjvn Lv`vi ev`v`i e DcKvi ne Ges
gymjgvb`i `j mvwaKi viv GKw`K ^w cv nq bvRvZ jvf
Kie| bex Kixg mvjvjv AvjvBn I mvjvgi evYx viv GBfve cZxZ
nq h, c_gZ : gvn`x AvLiRvgvbK Kvdi cwZcb Kiv ne| gvbyl
Zvui mv_ kZv Kie| Akxj evKi GKkl eenvi Kie| Aekl,
Lv`v ZvAvjvi bK ev`v`iK Zvi mZZv m^ ivBqv (mZ ^c) I
Gjnvg cfwZ viv msev` `qv ne Ges Abvb Avmgvbx wb`kbI
cKvwkZ ne| ZLb Iqvi Djvgv ^Qvq ev AwbQvq ZvK MnY
Kieb| myZivs, n eziv, n eyRyMiv! Ahvgx Avjgyj Mvqe, Lv`vi
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