Photosystem 2

1. noncyclic
2. occurs/resides in thylakoid membrane
3. reaction center chlorophyll is P680

Photosystem 1
1. can be cyclic, if required
2. occurs/resides in thylakoid membrane
3. reaction center chlorophyll is p700

4. passes photoexcited electrons to

photosystem 1 via an electron transport
chain
5. Light enters chlorophyll and excites an
electron. The energy from this electron is
passed from electron to electron until an
electron in the reaction center is excited
and physically removed to the primary
acceptor

4. uses spent electrons from photosystem 2

to make up the number of electrons in its
own system
5. Passes spent electrons back to prior
electron transport chain to create extra ATP
if needed (this is the cyclic process).

6. This excited electron is passed down the

electron transport chain to photosystem 1

6. Passes its own photo excited electrons to

an electron transport chain, which
transmits them to Fd, an iron-containing
protein

1.
2.
3.
4.

Calvin Cycle
occurs in stroma
CO2 enters and leaves as sugar
cycle spends ATP as energy and consumes
NADPH as reducing power for adding
high-energy electrons to make sugar
returns NADP+ to the light reactions

5. 3 phases:
carbon fixation: each CO2 is fixed into a
5-carbon sugar, using RuBP
reduction: each 3-phosphoglycerate
receives a phosphate from ATP. A pair of
electrons from NADPH then reduces it to
G3P
regeneration: RuBP is regenerated, so that
CO2 can again be accepted, and cycle can
turn again
6. G3P is the product of this cycle, not
glucose. G3P is a sugar

7. Splits water into oxygen and electrons.

Water is the source of electrons for this
process
8. ATP produced during noncyclic electron
flow is called noncyclic
photophosphorylate

7. NADP+ reductase transfers the electrons

from Fd to NADP+ creating NADPH

7. Cycle must turn 3 times, fixing 3 carbons,

to create one net G3P

8. This NADPH provides reducing power for

the synthesis of sugar in the calvin cycle

9.

9.

8. For net synthesis of one G3P, the cycle

consumes 9 ATP and 6 NADPH, these
molecules are regenerated by the light
reactions
9. G3P is starting material for metabolic
pathways that synthesize other organic
compounds

David Snow