International

Journal of Electronics and Communication

& Technology (IJECET),
INTERNATIONAL
JOURNAL Engineering
OF ELECTRONICS
AND ISSN 0976
6464(Print), ISSN 0976 6472(Online), Volume 5, Issue 11, November (2014), pp. 25-32 IAEME

COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (IJECET)

ISSN 0976 6464(Print)

ISSN 0976 6472(Online)
Volume 5, Issue 11, November (2014), pp. 25-32
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IJECET
IAEME

ONLINE MONITORING OF GREENHOUSE GASES

LEAKAGE BY USING GSM
B. Rakesh Reddy
Department of Electronics and Communications, KORM College of Engineering, Kadapa, 516001
Kadapa, India
Affiliated to JNTU, Anantapur, 515001 Anantapur, India

ABSTRACT
In the modern society which is the age of industrial revolution the atmosphere is disturbed by
the human acts one of which is the global warming, a major threat of this century. Thus in order to
control these adverse effects an online monitoring of greenhouses gases leakage system is developed
which measures the intensity of the greenhouse gases which are trapped from the controlled ratio and
informs in leakage. The system developed can collect data through various sensors deployed in it
such as CO2 concentration using CO2 sensor, temperature by LM35 temperature sensor, humidity
using humidity sensor, light intensity and other air environmental information and get the current
position and timing information through Global Positioning System (GPS) embedded to the
AT89S52 microcontroller. Each node will then transmit the data to the monitoring station. The
General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) network will send the collected data to the data center server.
By employing such system the leakage in a greenhouse plant can be pointed correctly and we can act
accordingly.
Keywords: AT89S52 Microcontroller, LM35 Temperature Sensor, Gas Sensor, Humidity Sensor,
GSM Module.
I. INTRODUCTION
It has not been so long since the scientists around the world in late 1990s warned the world
about the threat due to excess emissions of carbon dioxides, CFCs, the greenhouse gases into the
atmosphere which results in the rise of temperatures all over the globe contributing to global
warming, a major devastating threat to the life on earth of 21st century. Global warming cause holes
in the ozone layer of earth disturbing earths natural atmosphere and allow the harmful radiations
from the sun such as the UVs, infrared radiations etc. to the surface of earth without filtration which
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International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976
6464(Print), ISSN 0976 6472(Online), Volume 5, Issue 11, November (2014), pp. 25-32 IAEME

leads to adverse effects of skin related diseases. The greenhouse gases of which carbon dioxide is the
major traps the heat in the radiations and prevent the heat escape from the earths atmosphere
resulting in earths natural temperatures to rise from its significance. Thus its a major challenge
upon us to preserve the earths atmosphere from abrasion. For this we use a system to monitor the
greenhouse leakage in a greenhouse plant using GSM Technology, and have embedded various
sensors to collect the data and give information about the fallacies.
II. EXISTING SYSTEM
Atmospheric concentrations of the key greenhouse gas (GHG) carbon dioxide (CO2) well
above pre-industrial levels constitute the main cause for the predicted rise of average surface
temperature on Earth and the corresponding change of the global climate system Capture and
Storage (CCS) is on the one hand an effective way to realize effective greenhouse gas storage. Many
developed countries are in search of effective approaches for CO2 storage in either geological
formations or ocean. However, once CO2 leaks from the storage reservoir, all the efforts human
beings have made to fight global warming would be go down in vain. Therefore, what is in need
after the geological CO2 storage is long-term terrain monitoring of the greenhouse gas leakage,
which is absolutely crucial to help ensure that geologic sequestration of CO2 is safe.
III. PROPOSED SYSTEM
The development of CO2 remote real-time monitoring equipment is the core task of the whole
system. The equipment can be deployed in CO2 geological storage monitoring region. It can collect
CO2 concentration, temperature, humidity, light intensity and other air environmental information
through sensors and get the current position (longitude, latitude and elevation) and timing (GMT)
information through Global Positioning System (GPS). Each node will then transmit the data to the
monitoring station. The General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) network will send the collected data
to the data center server. The system uses a compact circuitry built around AT89S52 microcontroller.
The Programs are developed in Embedded C. Flash magic is used for loading programs into the
Microcontroller. Here the task is accomplished online which makes it to monitor easier and safer.
Proposed System design
The proposed system design view is shown in the diagram below. It consists of a
microcontroller in center to which all the other modules viz. the power supply(regulated), different
sorts of sensors, LCD(Liquid crystal display), GSM module, fan and motor are embedded.

A.

Fig. 1: Block diagram of the model

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International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976
6464(Print), ISSN 0976 6472(Online), Volume 5, Issue 11, November (2014), pp. 25-32 IAEME

Power supply
Usually, DC voltages are required to operate various electronic equipment and these voltages
are 5V, 9V or 12V. But these voltages cannot be obtained directly. Thus the a.c input available at the
mains supply i.e., 230V is to be brought down to the required voltage level. This is done by a
transformer. Thus, a step down transformer is employed to decrease the voltage to a required level.
This model uses a regulated 5V, 750mA power supply. 7805 three terminal voltage regulator is used
for regulate voltage supply. Bridge type full wave rectifier is used to rectify the ac output of
secondary of 230/9V step down transformer.
B.

C.

Circuit of the model proposed

Fig. 2: Circuit depicting the proposed design

The model build here has seven distinguished build in boards

Power supply.

The LCD and the microcontroller board.

GSM Module.

Temperature smoke and humidity sensors board.

DC Motor.

DC fan.

Electric Buzzer.

AT89S52 microcontroller
The AT89s52 is a low-voltage, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 8K bytes
of Flash programmable memory. The device is manufactured using Atmels high density nonvolatile
memory technology and is compatible with the industry-standard MCS-51 instruction set. The on
chip flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in system or by a conventional
nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with flash on a monolithic
chip, the Atmel AT89s52 is a powerful microcomputer, which provides a highly flexible and costeffective solution to many embedded control applications.
D.

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International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976
6464(Print), ISSN 0976 6472(Online), Volume 5, Issue 11, November (2014), pp. 25-32 IAEME

Fig. 3: Pin diagram of AT89S52

Liquid crystal Display
A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a thin, flat display device made up of any number of color
or monochrome pixels arrayed in front of a light source or reflector. Each pixel consists of a column
of liquid crystal molecules suspended between two transparent electrodes, and two polarizing filters,
the axes of polarity of which are perpendicular to each other. Without the liquid crystals between
them, light passing through one would be blocked by the other. The liquid crystal twists the
polarization of light entering one filter to allow it to pass through the other.

E.

Fig. 4: Pin diagram of the LCD

The GSM module
The GSM provides recommendations, not requirements. The GSM specifications define the
functions and interface requirements in detail but do not address the hardware. The GSM network is
divided into three major systems: the switching system (SS), the base station system (BSS), and the
operation and support system (OSS).

F.

The switching system (SS) is responsible for performing call processing and subscriberrelated functions.
In Base Station System (BSS) all radio-related functions are performed in the BSS, which
consists of base station controllers (BSCs) and the base transceiver stations (BTSs).
The operations and maintenance center (OMC) is connected to all equipment in the switching
system and to the BSC. The implementation of OMC is called the operation and support
system (OSS). The OSS is the functional entity from which the network operator monitors
and controls the system. The purpose of OSS is to offer the customer cost-effective support
for centralized, regional and local operational and maintenance activities that are required for
a GSM network.

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International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976
6464(Print), ISSN 0976 6472(Online), Volume 5, Issue 11, November (2014), pp. 25-32 IAEME

Fig. 5: Block diagram of GSM

Temperature sensor
The LM35 does not require any external calibration or trimming to provide typical accuracies
of 1/4C at room temperature and 3/4 cover a full -55 to +150C temperature range. Low cost is
assured by trimming and calibration at the wafer level. The LM35 series is available packaged
plastic TO-92 transistor package. The LM35D is also available in an 8-lead surface mount small
outline package and a plastic TO-220 package.

G.

Fig. 6: Pin diagram of LM35

Smoke sensor or gas sensor
The sensor used here is an ionization smoke detector. An Ionization Smoke Detector has two
key parts: the ionization chamber, and a source of radiation. This source of radiation consists of a
very minute concentration of Americium-241, which produce alpha particles. The Ionization
Chamber contains two plates: one plate is negatively charged, and the other is positively charged.
The alpha particles created by the Americium-241 move at very high speeds and bump into oxygen
and nitrogen molecules within the ionization chamber. The force exerted by this collision causes
electrons to fall off from each molecule, creating an ion. The now positively charged ions are
attracted to the negatively charged plate while the electrons attracted to the positively charged plate.
This attraction causes a consistent electrical current within the chamber itself. When smoke travels
into the chamber, its particles attach to the ionized molecules to neutralize them and pull them away
from the plate. This disrupts the electrical current and triggers the alarm.

H.

Fig. 7: Diagram depicting ionization smoke detector

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International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976
6464(Print), ISSN 0976 6472(Online), Volume 5, Issue 11, November (2014), pp. 25-32 IAEME

Humidity sensor
Conventional sensors determine relative air humidity using capacitive measurement
technology. For this principle, the sensor element is built out of a film capacitor on different
substrates (glass, ceramic, etc.). The dielectric is a polymer which absorbs or releases water
proportional to the relative environmental humidity, and thus changes the capacitance of the
capacitor, which is measured by an onboard electronic circuit.
Humidity is an important factor in personal comfort and in quality control for materials,
machinery etc. Now we are using SYH2 and SYH-2S humidity sensors in most of the circuits.

I.

Fig. 8: Humidity sensor

Fig. 9: Circuit depicting temperature, smoke and humidity sensors board

DC motor
It is an electrical device which converts the electrical energy into the mechanical energy. It
may be broadly classified into the two types AC motor and the DC motor depending on the type of
input used. Direct current or DC motor, converts electrical energy into mechanical energy and works
on Direct current (DC).Among DC motors, there are shunt-wound, series-wound, compound-wound
and permanent magnet motors.

J.

Fig. 10: DC motor

DC fan
This circuit can cool your heat generating electronic devices by operating a DC fan when the
temperature in its vicinity increases above the preset level. Its operation is fully automatic and turns
off when the temperature returns normal. It uses a small 12V DC brush less than fan used in
computers.
When the temperature is normal (as set by VR), pin3 gets higher voltage than pin2 and makes
the output of IC high as indicated by Red LED. This high output keeps T1 off since its base is
positive. DC fan remains off in this condition. When the temperature increases above the value set
K.

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International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976
6464(Print), ISSN 0976 6472(Online), Volume 5, Issue 11, November (2014), pp. 25-32 IAEME

by VR, resistance of Thermistor decreases and the voltage at pin3 decreases. As a result, output of IC
becomes low to switch on T1.

Fig. 11: DC fan

Electric buzzer
Electric buzzer is employed for giving the warning tone when the abnormal activity takes
place i.e. when the leakage takes place or the concentration of a specific gas rise above its
significance. It gives a buzzing noise as a warning tone when the above specified activity takes
place.

L.

Keil Software
Keil Compiler Software is used for compiling the machines language code. After the
compilation, machine source code is converted into hexadecimal code which is dumped into the
microcontroller. Kiel was introduced in the 1980s and since then it is the major compiler used in the
embedded industry and is represented by more than 40 countries worldwide.

M.

IV. CONCLUSION
In this work, we integrated three commercial sensors with Sensinodes sensor platform to
measure four environmental key variables in greenhouse control. The system feasibility is verified
by a simple star topology setup in a greenhouse. We achieved up to 10 meter communication range
with tolerable 5% packet loss. Because of high humidity the reliable communication range was
reduced to one third of the respective communication range in open space.
The measurements also indicated that the system is able to detect the local differences in the
greenhouse environment, such as different climate layers which exist from greenhouse bottom to the
top. High moisture forced to consider the possible damages and to protect sensitive boards carefully.
Each sensor node received and sent packets in its own turn according to the polling of the
coordinator node. The sleep time of the node was 93.75%, which could be increased over 97.50% by
shortening the operation time from 15s to five seconds. Sensors were turned on all the time. Both,
SHT75 humidity/temperature sensor and TSL262R light irradiance sensor are suitable for the lower
nodes. Especially, the SHT75 with low current sleep mode and accurate sensors is well suitable for
wireless sensor nodes powered by batteries.
V. FUTURE SCOPE
In the near future, a multi-hop network will be developed to cover the entire greenhouse.
Probes to the nodes so that the wireless nodes can be used to measure soil moisture and possibly
other parameters from the flower pots will be attached, also the option to implement the CO2 sensor
to the network by connecting it to the plug-in router node is considered. In addition to networking
and data collection control part can be developed and the wireless control loop can be closed. The
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International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976
6464(Print), ISSN 0976 6472(Online), Volume 5, Issue 11, November (2014), pp. 25-32 IAEME

control commands can be counted in a centralized or locally centralized manner, and then
transmitted wirelessly to the actuators located in different parts of the greenhouse. Most of local
control implementations suggest us to use DSP-units with some of the wireless sensor nodes.
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