p4.

8 Use the following data at 298K

1
2

H 2 (g) + 12 O2 (g) OH (g) H = 38.9kJmol 1

1
2

H 2 (g) + 12 O2 (g) H 2O(g)

H 2 (g) 2H (g)

H = 241.8kJmol 1
H = 436kJmol 1

O2 (g) 2O(g)
H = 498kJmol 1
Calculate H R
a) for OH (g) H (g) + O(g)
OH (g) 12 H 2 (g) + 12 O2 (g) H1 = 38.9kJmol 1
1
2

H 2 (g) H (g)

H 2 = 12 (436kJmol 1 )

1
2

O2 (g) O(g)

H 3 = 12 (498kJmol 1 )

OH (g) H (g) + O(g)

H R = H1 + H 2 + H 3 = 428kJmol 1

U R = H R nRT = 428kJmol 1 (2 1)(8.314)(298) = 426kJmol 1

4.8b) Calculate H R for H 2O(g) 2H (g) +O(g)

H 2O(g) H 2 (g) + 12 O2 (g)

H1 = 242kJmol 1

H 2 (g) 2H (g)

H 2 = (436kJmol 1 )

O2 (g) O(g)

H 3 = 12 (498kJmol 1 )

1
2

H 2O(g) 2H (g) + O(g)

H R = H1 + H 2 + H 3 = 927kJmol 1

U = H R nRT = 927kJmol 1 (3 1)(8.314)(298) = 922kJmol 1

4.8 c)H 2O(g) H (g) +OH(g) find H R ?
H 2O(g) H 2 (g) + 12 O2 (g)

H1 = 242kJmol 1

1
2

H 2 (g) H (g)

H 2 = 12 (436kJmol 1 ) = 218kJmol 1

1
2

H 2 (g) + 12 O2 (g) OH (g)

H 3 = 38.9kJmol 1

H 2O(g) H (g) +OH(g)

H R = H1 + H 2 + H 3 = 499kJmol 1

U = H R nRT = 499kJmol 1 (2 1)(8.314)(298) = 497kJmol 1

4.16
Surface area of Asia (SAsia = 4.46x10 7 km 2 ), the amount of
carbon fixed by phoyosynthesis (C fxd = 455x10 7 kgm 2 )
Calculate the annual enthalpy change per moles of carbon
6CO2 (g) + 6H 2O() C 6 H12O6 (s) + 6O2 (g) what is H
H = Hf[C 6 H12O6 (s)]-6Hf[H 2O()] 6Hf[CO2 ()]
H = 1273kJmol 1 6(286kJmol 1 ) 6(393.5kJmol 1 )

H = 2804kJmol

n C, fxd

4.55x10 5 kgkm 2 yr 1
7
2
1
=
=
3.8x10
molkm
yr
12x10 3 kgmol 1

Since there are 6moles of carbon per 2804kJmol1; the enthalpy

nH (3.8x10 7 molkm 2 yr 1 )(2804kJmol 1 )(4.46x10 7 km 2 )
per mole of carbon H=
=
6
6
H=7.9x1017kJyr 1

4.20
3.365g of ethanol is burned in a Bomb calorimeter at 298K and produces

99.472kJ of heat. What is H comb

, also what is ethanol's Hf at 298K?

The reaction C 2 H 5OH()+3O 2 (g) 3H 2 O()+2CO 2 (g)

q
99500
1
=
=
1362.8kJmol
n 3.365g / 46.1gmol 1
H R = U R + (PV ) = U R + nRT =
U R =

H R = 1362.8kJmol 1 + (2 3)(8.314)(298)10 3 = 1365kJ

4.20
3.365g of ethanol is burned in a Bomb calorimeter at 298K and produces

99.472kJ of heat. What is H comb

, also what is ethanol's Hf at 298K?

The reaction C 2 H 5OH()+3O 2 (g) 3H 2 O()+2CO 2 (g)

q
99500
1
=
=
1362.8kJmol
n 3.365g / 46.1gmol 1
H R = U R + (PV ) = U R + nRT =
U R =

H R = 1362.8kJmol 1 + (2 3)(8.314)(298)10 3 = 1365kJ

4.32
Compare the heat of combustion per mole of O 2 , for C12 H 22 O11,
C16 H 32 O 2 and C 43H 66 NO, the heat evolved respectively are
5647kJmol1, 10035kJmol 1 and 220kJg1 (1942.8kJmol 1 ).
From the balanced combustion reactions, the average heat evolved
per mole of Oxygen are;
5647kJmol 1
H comb (C12 H 22 O11 ) =
= 470.6kJmol 1
12
10035kJmol 1
H comb (C16 H 32 O 2 ) =
= 436.3kJmol 1
23
109
1
86
66
for C 43H 66 NO(s) +
O2 (g) N 2 + CO2 + H 2O
20
2
20
20
1
1942.8kJmol
H comb (C 43H 66 NO) =
= 366.6kJmol 1
106
20