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Ion Exchange

Nalco Indonesia ~
Power Industry Seminar

Pullman, Central Park ~ Jakarta

13-14 June 2012

Ion Exchange Application in Power Plant

Mixed Bed/Demineralization

Condensate Polisher

Stator Cooler Generator

Definition of Ion Exchange

The reversible transfer of ion between a solid and a liquid

without change in the structure of the solid

Only dissolved ions participate in ion exchange, other

contaminants may be filtered or absorbed

Ion Exchange Process

Cation Resin :
+
H

Resin

Service

Resin

+ Cation
Water

Cation

+H

Water

Regeneration

Anion Resin :
_
OH
Service

Resin

Resin

+ Anion
Water

Anion

Regeneration

+ OH
Water

Ion Exchange Process

+ OH

H 2O

Demin water
(High purity water)

Resin Type
GEL TYPE RESIN

Physical strength depend on the percentage

of Divinylbenzene (DVB).
Exchange capacity higher.

MACROPOROUS TYPE RESIN

Harder & stronger resin more resistant to

oxidative and physical stress attack.
Exchange capacity lower.

UPS VS NON UPS RESIN

Summary of Ion Exchange Resin and

Effects
Effect of Temperature

Summary of Ion Exchange Resin and

Effects
Effect of Oxidation

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Summary of Ion Exchange Resin and

Effects
Effect of Foulants

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Nalco capability :

Supply Resin

Resin Analysis (Chemical &

Physical Properties)

Chemical : Resin Cleaner

Audit for Demin Plant

Improvement

Chemical package for

regeneration (with value added
service)

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Resin Analysis
Resin Analysis will analyzed :

Chemical properties - the capacity of the resin to remove ions

Physical properties - the percentage of whole, cracked and

broken resin beads

Mix - the percentage of cations and anions

Regeneration Efficiency (if applicable)

Organic Fouling (if applicable)

Some things you may learn from a resin analysis:

Whether total replacement of the resin bed is necessary

Whether a problem is due to poor resin condition or operational

problems

How much longer the resin should last if operating conditions

remain constant

Whether or not to "top off" the resin bed

Efficiency of the regeneration process

If the ratio of cation resin to anion resin in a mixed bed unit is

correct

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Resin Analysis

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Resin Analysis

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Nalco Resin Cleaner

NALCLEAN 8900, its effective for removing fouling (organic &

inorganic)

NALCLEAN 8940, its effective to remove scaling

NALCO RESIN RINSE 7290 E, used to remove insoluble matter from

the surface of cation exchange resins, remove of organic matter,
such as humates, lignins, tannins and some fatty acids, removes the
hydrophobic bacterial slime layer that is often the result of organic
contamination

Best Practices Regeneration

BACKWASH
To separate cation and anion resin
To remove broken resin
To remove suspended solid
Please check for resin manufacture standard for backwash.
Be careful for resin comes out from during backwash step.

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Best Practices Regeneration

BACKWASH

Freeboard

Monitor highest anion resin level during backwash

Monitor interface cation & anion resin during backwash

Sight Glass

Ion Exchange Resin Bed

Monitor interface cation & anion resin after backwash

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Best Practices Regeneration

REGENERATION

To recover resin performance (after exhaustion) with replacing

anion & cation which absorbed by anion and cation resin with HCl
or H2SO4 for cation resin & NaOH for anion resin

3 type for regeneration process (based on regenerant injection mode) :

1. Co-current - countercurrent
2. Co-current Co-current
3. Simultan

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Best Practices Regeneration

CO-CURRENT CO-CURRENT
Caustic Injection

Acid Injection

NaOH
solution
(4 5 %)

Middle
out
line

Drain out

Demin
water (for
balancing)

Middle
out
line

Demin
water (for
balancing)

HCl solution
(4 5 %)

Drain out

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Best Practices Regeneration

CO-CURRENT COUNTERCURRENT
Caustic Injection

Acid Injection

NaOH
solution
(4 5 %)

Middle
out
line

Drain out

Demin
water (for
balancing)

Middle
out
line

Demin
water (for
balancing)

Drain out

HCl solution
(4 5 %)

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Best Practices Regeneration

SIMULTAN
Caustic & Acid Injection

NaOH
solution
(4 5 %)

Middle
out
line

Drain out

HCl solution
(4 5 %)

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Best Practices Regeneration

SLOW RINSE

To penetrate regenerant into pore resin bead

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Best Practices Regeneration

FAST RINSE

To remove residual regenerant from cation & anion resin (or

prevent regenerant cross contaminant which can reduce cycle
time of mixed bed)

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Best Practices Regeneration

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Best Practices Regeneration

How to evaluation fast rinsing step
Conductivity water inlet & water outlet (during fast rinse) should be nearly.
Water Inlet
Water Outlet

Conductivity Monitoring during anion fast rinse

3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500

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Conductivity (uS/cm)

Time (Minutes)

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Case Study Improper Backwash

Case Study Fluctuation of Regenerant

Concentration

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Case Study Organic & In Organic Fouling

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Thank You.