Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
External Criticism External criticism in historical research evaluates the validity of the
document-this is ,where, when and by whom it was produced(Wiersma, 1986, p.223).
Internal criticism Internal criticism evaluates the meaning, accuracy and trustworthiness
of the content of the document (Wiersoma,1886, p.224).
Disadvantages:
Descriptive research requires more skills.
4
Positives
Negatives
Relatively inexpensive
Case Study:
In depth examination of a specific group OR single person that typically
includes interviews, observations, and test scores.
This method is especially useful for understanding complex or rare
phenomenon. (Genie)
Clinical psychologists frequently do case studies. (longitudinal kids study)
Positives
Negatives
3-Experimental research
Experimental research is an objective, systematic, controlled investigation for the
purpose of predicting and controlling phenomena and examining probability and
causality among selected variables.
Advantages
Best establishes cause-and-effect relationships
Disadvantages
Artificiality
Feasibility
Unethical
The simplest experimental design includes two variables and the two variables
(Independent versus Dependent variables). The IV is the predictor variable
whereas the DV is the outcome variable. Researchers manipulate and control the
IV to study its effect on the DV.
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4-Comparative research
to identify similarities and differences between units at all levels, utilize historical
sources to study events of the past
Often used together with historical research to compare peoples experience of
different societies, either between times in the past or in parallel situations in the
present
Conducted at a macro level (revolutions) or at a micro level individual experience
Experimental research where the researcher controls causal factors is not really
possible in social research but history and comparisons can supply researchers with
a natural experiment in which non-essential characteristics of a phenomena can be
eliminated by looking at multiple instance of it
FURTHER READING:
"Flexible Working Practices Boost Business Success." Leadership & Organization
Development Journal. February-March 1997.
Graham, Baxter W. "The Business Argument for Flexibility." HRMagazine. May 1996.
Kirrane, Diane E. "Wanted: Flexible Work Arrangements." Association Management.
November 1994.
Leveen-Sher, Margery. "Flexibility Is the Key to Small Business Benefits." Washington
Business Journal. February 16,1996.
Mullins, Robert. "Flex Timeand Frustrations with ItContinue to Grow." The
Business Journal-Milwaukee. May 7,1994.
Olmstead, Barney, and Suzanne Smith. Creating a Flexible Workplace: How to Select
and Manage Alternative Work Options. AMACOM.
Peak, Martha H. "Why I Hate Flextime." Management Review. February 1994.
Sheley, Elizabeth. "Flexible Work Options." HRMagazine. February 1996.
Skyrme, David J. "Flexible Working: Building a Lean and Responsive Organization."
Long Range Planning. October 1994.
"A Workstyle Revolution? A Survey of Flexible Employment Practices." Leadership and
Organization Development Journal. November 1999.
References[edit]
1. Jump up ^ http://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1877/479.pdf
2. Jump up ^ "Key indicators of women's position in Britain" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-01-27.
3. Jump up ^ "UK Department of Trade and Industry employment guidance". Dti.gov.uk. 2009-1106. Retrieved 2012-01-27.
4. Jump up ^ "ONS Survey 2005" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-01-27.
5. Jump up ^ "Reform of flexible parental leave | News". BIS. Retrieved 2012-11-14.
6. Jump up ^ ClearSky Business - Flexible Working
7. Jump up ^ http://www.lewissilkin.com/Journal/2012/November/Changing-the-clapped-outrules-on-flexible-working.aspx
8. Jump up ^ Leah. "O: Open, Flexible Work". Momsrising. Retrieved 2012-01-27.