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Worked Examples
November 2013
1
Ventilation and Heat Gains. Worked Examples. November 2011
Example 1:
A
small
school
assembly
hall
holds
a
maximum
of
85
occupants,
all
seated
at
rest
(80
children
and
5
adults
of
which
2
are
male
and
3
are
female).
Its
main
orientation
is
south
west
/
north
east
and
on
both
south
west
and
north
east
facades
there
is
a
single
strip
of
glazing
(double
glazing,
low-e
soft
coated,
metal
frame)
on
each
faade,
each
window
4m
long
and
2m
high.
The
hall
is
situated
between
the
playground
and
the
staff
car
park
therefore
the
glazing
is
well
away
from
any
obstacles.
During
assemblies
(which
last
for
1
hour
per
day),
the
lights
are
switched
on.
In
total
there
are
20
x
C5
Fluorescent
lights.
The
desired
comfort
temperature
for
the
assembly
hall
is
21oC.
The
suggested
air
supply
rate
for
each
occupant
is
10l/s
per
person.
Question
1:
What
should
the
air
change
rate
be
for
the
hall
to
maintain
air
quality?
Question
2:
Assuming
that
the
hall
is
cross
ventilated
and
that
the
prevailing
wind
comes
from
the
south
west,
how
large
do
the
window
openings
need
to
be
to
achieve
the
desired
ait
change
rate
(for
air
quality)?
In
this
case,
assume
that
the
prevailing
wind
is
blowing
at
an
average
of
3.7ms-1
Question
3:
The
hall
itself
is
situated
in
an
urban
area
in
Nottinghamshire.
How
will
this
impact
on
opening
sizes?
For
this
assume
that
the
opening
height
is
the
same
as
the
building
height.
Question
4:
Assuming
the
room
is
ventilated
to
the
ideal
ventilation
rate
to
maintain
air
quality,
what
is
the
heat
loss
coefficient
(HLCvent,
W/K)
for
this
room?
2
Ventilation and Heat Gains. Worked Examples. November 2011
Question
5:
The
architect
has
worked
out
that
the
total
heat
loss
coefficient
for
the
envelope
(including
walls,
windows,
roof,
floors,
doors
and
also
including
both
geometric
and
perimeter
bridging)
is
100W/K
(HLCenvelope).
What
is
the
total
heat
loss
coefficient
of
the
room
(i.e.for
both
ventilation
and
envelope).
Assume
that
the
HLC
for
ventilation
is
to
maintain
air
quality
(i.e.
the
result
from
question
4).
Comment
on
this
difference
in
HLCs.
Question
6:
Calculate
the
heat
gains
to
the
building
in
January.
Assume
that
the
hall
is
fully
occupied
and
that
the
lights
are
on.
Question
7:
The
desired
comfort
temperature
for
the
assembly
hall
is
21oC.
On
one
day
that
the
assembly
takes
place
(in
January)
the
external
temperature
is
0oC.
What
is
the
total
heat
loss
from
the
hall
and
how
is
this
split
between
the
building
envelope
and
ventilation
for
air
quality?
Question
8:
Comment
on
the
role
that
gains
may
play
in
this.
Question
9:
Building
on
question
7,
the
assembly
takes
place
on
a
morning
in
May
,
the
desired
comfort
temperature
is
still
21oC
and
the
external
temperature
is
10oC.
What
is
the
total
heat
loss
from
the
hall
and
how
is
this
split
between
the
building
envelope
and
ventilation
for
air
quality?
Question
10:
Similar
to
question
8,
comment
on
the
role
that
gains
may
play
on
this.
Question
11:
How
could
we
go
about
improving
the
design
of
our
building
overall
to
reduce
energy
consumption?
3
Ventilation and Heat Gains. Worked Examples. November 2011