Page 1 of 28

Module tests numerical answers

Module 1 Test 1

1


(a) (i) 6e x + 1 cos x + sin x
(ii)

4
4
4
2x 1 2x

1 1
(b)
ln
16 4
4
2
15
(c) (i)
+
(ii) 2 ln
2x 1 x + 3
4
(d) Proof

(a) (i) 1 x 2 + c
(ii) 1
2
4

(b)
3 2 + 24
16
(c) Approx: 0.644, exact: 0.491 (3 dp)
(a) (ii) y = 2
(b) Proof
(c) (2 + 2) + (3 + 2)i

Module 1 Test 2

(a) (i) 9 tan 2 (3x ) sec 2 (3x ) 8 sin x cos x

(b)

x
1
x cos( x 2 + 4)

(iii)
1 + x 2 2( x + 2)
sin ( x 2 + 4)

2x
(1 x) + 4 x 3)3/ 2
2

1
3

(ii) + 3 ln 2
+
4
x +1 x +1
11 3 8
1
1
(a)
(b) y =
x + ln 3
e
81
81
3
3
3 4 1
n
(a)
(b) tan , n = 1, 3, 5, 7
e +
16
16
8

(c) (i)
2

(ii)

(c) 5 y + 2 x =
7
(c)(i) v = 2 + i, 2 i, z =1 + i, 3 + 2i

Module 2 Test 1
1

(a) a = 8, b = 1

(a) 1 + x +

1
1
(b) (i) 2 , 4 , 9,15
2
2

1 2
x , 1< x <1
2
(a) Proof
(b) Proof

Unit 2 Answers: Module Tests

(b)

n2 + 3n

(c) Proof

(c) x
(c)

Proof

(d)

1.57

1 2 1 3
x + x
2
6

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Module 2 Test 2
1
2
3

3 1
1
(b) 3, 10, 17, 24, an = 7n 4
(c)
Proof

2 n n +1
5
1
1
5060 3
(a) 1 x x 2 x3 + ... ,
(b) 0.86
(c)
<x<
2 + 23x + 184 x 2 +
x + ...
3
3
3
3
x3
x5
(a) (i)
+
sin x =x
+
6 120
x2 x4
+
cos x =
1
+
2 24
1
5 4
(ii) 1 + x 2 +
x +
2
24
1
2
(iii) x + x 3 + x 5 +
3
15
(iv) 0.00100

(a) (ii)

(b)

1
3
1

x x
2
2
3
4
cos 61 0.48481

3
+
x
3
12

Module 3 Test 1
1

(a) 210
(i) 90
(ii) 60
4t
t
(b) x = Ae + Be 4 sin 2t + 3 cos 2t
x=
3e t 4 sin 2t + 3 cos 2t
5
15
(c) (i)
(ii)
14
28
5
5
1
(a) (i) 91 (ii) 8820
(b) (i)
(ii)
(iii)
18
9
18
x
(c) =
y (e + 1) cos x
10 x + 100 y + 50 z =
85 000
50 x 85 000
10 100

(a) (i) 15 x + 120 y + 70 z =

119 000 (ii) 15 120
70 y = 119 000
18 105 100 z 136 250
18 x + 105 y + 100 z =
136 250

930
1
(iii)
48
135
117
(b) x = 1, 4

475
10
75

20

1
6

(iv)
=
=
=
x TT$ 5000,
y TT$ 250,
z TT$ 200

Module 3 Test 2
1

(a) 720

(b) (i) 30

(ii) 500

Unit 2 Answers: Module Tests

(c) (i)

1
4
3
(ii)
(iii)
30
5
8

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(b) (i) 3
9

(a) Proof

(c) (i) 0
0

0
6
0

(a) y = e3x

1
4
7

1 x 1

2 y =
7

1 z 10

3
1
(ii) 3
6
3
B
(b=
) y Ax5 + 3
x
0

0
6

2
2
4

3 6
+
x=
5 5

11 7

(ii) Proof (iii) y =
5 5
z=

1
1
y
(c)=

4 2 x 6 3 x
e + e x2 x 2
5
5

Full Worked Answers

Module 1 Test 1
1

(a) (i)

d x +1


6 e sin x 6e x + 1 cos x + 6e x + 1 sin x
=

4
dx
4
4
4

= 6e x + 1 cos x + sin x
4
4
4
d
1
2
1
(ii) sin 1 (1 2 x)1/ 2 =
=

dx
2 1 2 x 1 (2 x + 1)
2x 1 2x
t
(b) = 4
ln = ln 4t
ln = t ln 4
1 d

=
ln 4
dt
d
=
( ln 4) =
( ln 4)4 t
dt
d
1 1
When
t = 2,
=
=
(ln
41 ) (42 )
ln
dt
16 4
8 x + 10
8 x + 10
(c) (i)

2
2 x + 5 x 3 (2 x 1) ( x + 3)
8 x + 10
A
B

+
(2 x 1) ( x + 3) 2 x 1 x + 3
8x + 10 A(x + 3) + B(2x 1)
1
7
When =
x
=
A =
A 4
, 14
2
2
When x =
3, 14 =
7B B =
2
8 x + 10
4
2

+
(2 x 1) ( x + 3) 2 x 1 x + 3

(ii)

2
8 x + 10
4
2
4

=
+ =
dx
dx ln 2 x 1 + 2 ln x + 3
x+3
2
1 (2 x 1) ( x + 3)
1 2x 1

1
= (2 ln 3 + 2 ln 5) (2 ln 1 + 2 ln 4)

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= 2 ln 15 2 ln 4

(d)

15
= 2 ln
4
1
y = tan x
tan y = x
dy
sec 2 y
=
1
dx
dy
1
=
d x sec 2 y
1
=
1 + tan 2 y
Since tan y = x
dy
1

= 2
dx 1 + x

(a) (i)

x
1 x2

dx

u = 1 x2
du = 2x dx
1
du =
x dx
2
1 x2 =
u

1 1
dx =

du
2
u
1 x
2

1
u 1/ 2 du
2
1

2 u1/ 2 + c
=
12
=

=
u +c

Since u =
1 x2
1

(ii)

sin

x
1 x

dx =
1 x2 + c

x dx

Let u = sin1x, dv = 1
du
1
= =
, v x
dx
1 x2

1
sin
( x) dx x sin 1 x
=

0
0

1 x2

dx

= x sin 1 x + 1 x 2

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= sin 1 (1) 1

=
1
2

(b) I n =

2 n

t cos t dt

n dv
Let
=
u t=
,
cos t
dt
du
= n=
t n 1 , v sin t
dt
/ 2

I n t n sin t n
=

0
n

In n
=
2

2 n 1

/2

/ 2

t n 1 sin t dt

t n 1 sin t dt

[1]

sin t dt

Let u = tn 1,

dv
= sin t
dt

du
=
cos t
(n 1)t n 2 , v =
dt

2 n 1

=

2

/2

/ 2

t n 1 cos t + (n 1)
sin t dt =

n 1

2 n2

cos t dt

/ 2

cos + (n 1) I n 2 , since I n = t n cos t dt I n 2 =

0
2

/2

t n 2 cos t dt

t n 1 sin t dt =
(n 1) I n 2

Substituting into [1]:

n

I n = n(n 1) I n 2
2
4

When n = 4,
=
I 4 4(3) I 2
2
=

4
12 I 2
16
2

When n = 2,
=
I 2 2(1) I 0
2
=

2
2I0
4
I=
0

/ 2

t 0 cos t d=
t

I2 =

[sin t ]0 /=2

sin sin 0= 1
2

2
2
4

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2
4
4
12
2 =
32 + 24
16
4
16

I 4=

(c)

x
0
1
e-2x
1
e-2 = 0.135335
Using the trapezium rule:
2
1
e 2 x dx (1)[(1 + 0.018316) + 2(0.135335)]
2
0
= 0.644 (3 dp)
For the exact value:

2
e-4 = 0.018316

e 2 x dx = e 2 x
2
0

1 4 1
e + =
0.491 (3 dp)
2
2
(a) (i) x = 4 + 2 cos
dx
= 2 sin
d
y = 2 cos 2
dy
= 4 sin 2
d
dy dy dx
=

dx d d
4 sin 2 8 sin cos
=
=
= 4 cos
2 sin
2 sin

dy

dy
(ii) When =
, x=
4 + 2 cos , y =
2 cos ,
=
4 cos , x =
4, y =
2,
=
0
2
2
dx
2
dx
Equation of the tangent
y + 2 = 0 (x 4)
y = 2
2
(b) y + sin (xy) = 2.
Differentiate wrt x:
dy
dy

+ cos( xy ) y + x =
2y
0
dx
dx

When
=
x =
, y 1
2
dy
dy
2
+ cos 1 + =
0
2 dx
2 2 dx
=

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dy
=
0
dx
dy
=0
dx
(c) (i) z 2 3i =
2

z (2 + 3i) =
2
The locus is a circle centre (2, 3) radius 2

(ii) arg ( z 2 3i) =

4

arg ( z (2 + 3i)) =
4

The locus is a half-line starting at (2, 3) excluding (2, 3) making an angle of

radians
4

with the positive real axis.

Point of intersection is a + bi
a= 2 + 2
b= 3 + 2
Point of intersection is (2 + 2) + i(3 + 2)

Module 1 Test 2
(a)=
(i) y tan 3 (3x) + 4 cos 2 x
dy
= 3 tan 2 (3x)[3 sec 2 (3x)] + 8 cos x( sin x)
dx
= 9 tan 2 (3x) sec 2 (3x) 8 sin x cos x
1

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1 + x2
2+ x

(ii) y = ln

1 1 + x2
ln
2 2 + x

1
1
ln(1 + x 2 ) ln(2 + x)
2
2
dy
x
1
=

dx 1 + x 2 2( x + 2)
y=

(iii)=
y

sin( x + 4)
= [sin( x +
2

1
4)] 2

dy 1
=
[sin( x 2 + 4)] 2 [2 x cos( x 2 + 4)]
dx 2
x cos( x 2 + 4)
=
sin( x 2 + 4)

(b) y sin 1 (2 x)
=
1
dy
=
=
[1 (2 x) 2 ]1/ 2
2
dx
1 (2 x)
=[1 (4 4 x + x 2 )]1/ 2
= ( x 2 + 4 x 3) 1/ 2
d2 y 1
= (2 x + 4) ( x 2 + 4 x 3) 3/ 2
dx 2 2
2x
=
2
( x + 4 x 3)3/ 2

3x 2 + x + 4
Ax + B
C
2
+
2
( x + 1)( x + 1)
x +1 x +1

(c) (i)

3x 2 + x + 4 ( Ax + B) ( x + 1) + C ( x 2 + 1)
When x = 1, 6 = 2C C = 3
When x = 0, 4 = B + C B = 1
Equating coefficients of x2: 3 = A + C A = 0
3x 2 + x + 4
1
3
2
2
+
( x + 1) ( x + 1) x + 1 x + 1

(ii)

3x 2 + x + 4
dx
2
0 ( x + 1) ( x + 1)

1
3
+
dx
x +1 x +1
2

= tan 1 ( x ) + 3 ln x + 1

= tan 11 + 3 ln 2

=
+ 3 ln 2
4

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(a) I n =

n 3x

e dx

n dv
=
u x=
,
e3 x
dx
du
1 3x
n 1
,v
e
= nx
=
dx
3
1

In
=

1 n 3x 1
x e n
3
0 3

n 1 3x

e dx

1
1
I n = e3 n I n 1 , since I n =
3
3
I4 =

x n e3 x dx I n 1 =

n 1 3 x

dx

4 3x

e dx

1 3 4
e I3
3
3
1 3
=
I3
e I2
3
1 3 2
=
I2
e I1
3
3
1 3 1
=
I1
e I0
3
3
=
I4

Since I n =

xe

n 3x

dx

1
1 3 1
=
I0
x e =
dx e3 x=
3 e 3
0
3
0
1
1 1
1
I1 =e3 e3
3
3 3
3
2 3 1
=
e +
9
9
1 3 2 2 3 1
I 2 =e e +
3
3 9
9
5 3 2
=
e
27
27
1
2
5
I 3 =e3 e3
3
27
27

4 3 2
=
e +
27
27
1 3 44 3 2
I 4 =
e
e +
3
3 27
27
27 3 16 3 8
=
e e
81
81
81
11 3 8
=
e
81
81
(b) x =
ln(2t + 1), y =
t2 1

0 3x

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dx
2
dy
= =
,
2t
dt 2t + 1 dt
dy dy dx
=

dx dt dt
2t
=
= t (2t + 1)
2
2t + 1
When t = 1, x = ln 3, y = 0
dy
= (1) (2 + 1)
= 3
dx

Gradient of the normal =

1
3

Equation of the normal:

1
y 0 = ( x ln 3)
3
1
1
y=
x + ln 3
3
3
2 2
(c) xy + 2 x y =
3x.
dy
dy
x
+ y + 4x2 y
+ 4 xy 2 =
3
dx
dx
dy
dy
When x = 1, y = 1,
+1+ 4
+4=
3
dx
dx
dy
5
= 2
dx
dy
2
=
dx
5
2
Equation of the tangent at (1, 1) is
5
2
y 1 = ( x 1)
5
5 y 5 = 2 x + 2
5 y + 2x =
7
3

(a)

x 3 ln x dx

dv
=
u ln=
x,
x3
dx
du 1
1 4
= =
,v
x
dx x
4
e
1
=
x3 ln x dx x 4 ln
1
4

x
1

e1

x3 dx

1 4
1 4
4 x ln x 16 x
1
1 1
1
= e 4 ln e e 4
16 16
4

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3 4 1
e +
16
16
(b) cos 4 + i sin 4 = (cos + i sin )4
cos 4 + i sin=
4 cos 4 + 4C1 cos3 (i sin ) + 4C2 cos 2 (i sin ) 2

+ 4C3 cos (i sin )3 + (i sin ) 4

= (cos 4 6 cos 2 sin 2 + sin 4 ) + i (4 cos3 sin 4 cos sin 3 )
Equating real and imaginary parts
cos 4 =
cos 4 6 cos 2 sin 2 + sin 4
=
sin 4 4 cos3 sin 4 cos sin 3
sin 4
4 cos3 sin 4 cos sin 3
=
cos 4 cos4 6 cos2 sin 2 + sin 4
Dividing top and bottom by cos 4
Now tan
4
=

4 cos3 sin

4 cos sin 3
cos4
cos 4
tan 4 =
.
4
2
2
cos 6 cos sin sin 4

+
cos4
cos4
cos4
4 tan 4 tan 3
=
1 6 tan 2 + tan 4

Let =
x tan x 4 6 x 2 +=
1 0
tan 4 6 tan 2 + 1 =
0
3 5 7
tan 4 , 4 = , , ,
2 2 2 2
3 5 7
= , , ,
8 8 8 8
n
=
x tan=
, n 1, 3, 5, 7
8
(c) (i) v 2= 3 + 4i
( x + iy) 2 =
3 + 4i
x 2 y 2 + i (2 xy) =3 + 4i
Equating real and imaginary parts:
[1]
x2 y 2 =
3
[2]
2 xy = 4
2
From [2] y =
x
2

2
x2 =
3
x
x 4 3x 2 4 =
0
( x 2 4) ( x 2 + 1) =
0
x 2 =4 x = 2 since x
2
When x = 2, y= = 1
2

Unit 2 Answers: Module Tests

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2
When x =
2, y ==
1
2
v = 2 + i , 2 i

(ii) z 2 (4 + 3i) z + 1 + 5i =
0
z=

4 + 3i (4 + 3i)2 4(1 + 5i)

2

(4 + 3i) 16 + 24i + 9i 2 4 20i

2
(4 3i ) 3 + 4i
=
2
Since v = 3 + 4i = 2 + i, 2 i
=

4 + 3i + 2 + i 6 + 4i
=
= 3 + 2i
2
2
4 + 3i 2 i 2 + 2i
or z =
=
= 1+ i
2
2
z=

Module 2 Test 1
1

(a) (1 + by )8 =
1 + 8C1 (by ) + 8C2 (by ) 2 +
=
1 + 8by + 28b 2 y 2 +
(1 + ay ) (1 + by )8 =
(1 + ay ) (1 + 8by + 28by 2 + ...)
=
1 + 8by + 28b 2 y 2 + ay + 8aby 2 +
=
1 + y (a + 8b) + y 2 (28b 2 + 8ab) + ...
Now coefficient of y = 0 and coefficient of y2 = 36
a + 8b =
0 a=
8b
28b 2 + 8ab =
36
28b 2 + 8( 8b)b =
36
28b 2 64b 2 =
36

(b)

36b 2 =
36
b2 = 1
b = 1
Since b is positive, b = 1
a = 8.
Hence a = 8, b = 1
1
un + 1 =un + 2n + , u1 = 2, n
2
1
1
1
(i) u2 = u1 + 2 + = 2 + 2 + = 4
2
2
2
1
1
1
u3 = u2 + 2(2) + = 4 + 4 + = 9
2
2
2
1
1
1
u4 =u3 + 2(3) + =9 + 6 + =15
2
2
2

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(c)

1
1
First four terms are 2, 4 , 9,15
2
2
2
2n n + 3
(ii) RTP: un =
2
Proof:
2 1+ 3 4
When n = 1, u=
= = 2
1
2
2
Since u1 is given as 2, when n = 1
2n 2 n + 3
un =
2
2k 2 k + 3
Assume true for n = k, i.e. uk =
2
RTP true for n = k + 1,
2(k + 1) 2 (k + 1) + 3
i.e. uk + 1 =
2
Proof:
1
Since un + 1 = un + 2n +
2
1
uk + 1 = uk + 2k +
2
2k 2 k + 3
Substituting uk =
gives
2
2k 2 k + 3
1
=
uk + 1
+ 2k +
2
2
2
2k k + 3 + 4k + 1
=
2
2
2k 3k + 4
=
2
2(k + 1) 2 (k + 1) + 3
=
2
2n 2 n + 3
Hence by PMI un =
2
Let f(x) = ln(1 + sin x)
cos x
f ( x) =
1 + sin x
(1 + sin x ) ( sin x ) cos x (cos x )
f ( x ) =
(1 + sin x ) 2

sin x (sin 2 x + cos 2 x )

(1 + sin x ) 2
sin x 1
1
= =
2
1
+
sin x
(1 + sin x)
=

cos x
(1 + sin x) 2
When x = 0, f(0) = ln1 = 0
f ( x) =

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cos 0
= 1
1 + sin 0
f (0) = 1
cos 0
=
f (0) =
1
(1 + sin 0) 2
=
f (0)

x2
x3
f (0) +
f (0) +
2!
3!
x2
x3
ln(1 + sin x ) = 0 + x (1) +
( 1) +
(1) +
2!
3!
1 2 1 3
ln(1 + sin x) =
x
x + x + ...
2
6
1
1+ x
1
(a) (i)
(1 + x) 2 (1 x) 2
=
1 x
f ( x ) =f (0) + xf (0) +

1 1

2 2 2
1
=1 + x +
x +
2
2!

1
1 + ( x) +
2

1 3

2
2
( x )2 +
2!

1
1
1
3

=1 + x x 2 + 1 + x + x 2 +

2
8
2
8
1
3
1
1
1
1 + x + x2 + x + x2 x2
2
8
2
4
8
1
=1 + x + x 2
2
The expansion is valid for 1 < x < 1
1
2
1+
1
10 1 + 1 + 1 1
(ii)
Let x
=
,

1
10
10 2 10
1
10

11
1
1
10 1 +
+
9
10 200
10
11 200 + 20 + 1

200
9
221
663
11
3= .
200
200
(b) f (=
r ) r (r + 1)
f (r + 1) = (r + 1) (r + 1 + 1) = (r + 1) (r + 2)
f (r + 1) f (r ) = (r + 1) (r + 2) r (r + 1)
= (r + 1)[r + 2 r ]
= 2(r + 1)
n

2(r=
+ 1)

( f (r + 1) f (r ))

r 1=
r 1
=

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= f (2) f (1)
+ f (3) f (2)
+ f (4) f (3)
+

+ f (n) f (n 1)
+ f (n + 1) f (n)
= f (n + 1) f (1)
Since f (r + 1) = (r + 1) (r + 2) f (n + 1) = (n + 1) (n + 2)
f (r ) = r (r + 1) f (1) = (1)(1 + 1) = 2
n

2(r + 1) = (n + 2) (n + 1) 2
r =1

= n 2 + 3n + 2 2
= n 2 + 3n

(c) RTP

4r 1 1 = 2nn+ 1
r =1

Proof:
When n = 1,
LHS
=

1
1
=
2
4(1) 1 3

1
1
=
2(1) + 1 3
LHS = RHS when n = 1

RHS
=
n

4r
r =1

1
n
= 2n + 1
1

1
k
2 =
4r 1 2k + 1
r =1
k

Assume true for n = k, i.e

k +1

RTP true for n = k + 1, i.e.

r =1

k +1

4r 1 1 = 2(kk+ 1)1 + 1
+

1
1
1
=
+

(4r 1)
(4r 1) 4(k + 1)

2
=
r 1=
r 1

k
1
+ 2
2k + 1 4k + 8k + 3
k
1
=
+
2k + 1 (2k + 1) (2k + 3)

1
1
k+

2k + 1
2k + 3

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1 2k 2 + 3k + 1

2k + 1 2k + 3

1
2k + 1

(2k + 1) (k + 1)

2k + 3

k +1
k +1
=
2k + 3 2(k + 1) + 1
Hence by PMI

4r 1 1 = 2nn+ 1
r =1

f ( x) = 4 x 4 16 x + 1
( x) 16 x3 16
(a) f =
f ( x ) > 0 16 x 3 16 > 0
x3 > 1
x >1
Since f ( x ) > 0 when x > 1
f(x) is strictly increasing for x > 1
(b) f ( x ) = 4 x 2 16 x + 1
f(0) = 1
f (1) =4 16 + 1 = 11
f (2) = 64 32 + 1= 33
Since f(0) f1 < 0, by the IMVT
There exists x = such that f() = 0 there is a root in the interval [0, 1]
Since f1 f2 < 0, by the IMVT
There exists x = such that f() = 0 there is a root in the interval [1, 2]
(c) Since the function is strictly increasing for x > 1 and there is a root in the interval [1, 2]
there is exactly one root in that interval
Hence there is no other root in the interval [1, 2]
(d) f ( x ) = 4 x 4 16 x + 1
( x) 16 x3 16
f=
f ( xn )
xn +=
1 xn
f ( xn )
xn +=
1 xn

4 xn4 16 xn + 1
16 xn3 16

16 xn4 16 x n 4 xn4 + 16 xn 1 12 xn4 1

12 xn4 1
=
,

=
x
n
1
+
16 xn3 16
16 xn3 16
16 xn3 16
(e) Using x1 = 1.5
12(1.5) 4 1
=
x2 =
1.572368
16(1.5)3 16
x3 = 1.56605.
Root is 1.57 to 2 dp
=

Module 2 Test 2

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(a)

2
2

r 1 (r 1) (r + 1)

(i)

2
A
B

+
(r 1) (r + 1) r 1 r + 1

2 A(r + 1) + B(r 1)
When r = 1, 2 = 2 A A = 1
When r =
1, 2 =
2B B =
1
2
1
1
2
=

+1
r
r
1
r 1
n

(ii)

2
=

r 2 1 r
2=

r
=

r 1 r + 1
2

1 1 1 1 1 1 1
= 1 + + + + ...
3 2 4 3 5 4 6

1
1 1
1 1
1

+
n 3 n 1 n 2 n n 1 n + 1

1 1
1
=1 +
2 n n +1
3 1
1
=
2 n n +1

(iii) As n , sum
(b)

an = an 1 + 7, a1 = 3

3
2

a2 = a1 + 7 = 3 + 7 = 10
a3 = a2 + 7 = 10 + 7 = 17
a4 = a3 + 7 = 17 + 7 = 24
Terms are 3, 10, 17, 24
an = 7n 4
RTP an = 7n 4 n 1
Proof:
When n = 1, a1 = 71 4 = 3
true when n = 1, since a1 is given as 3
Assume true for n = k, i.e. ak = 7k 4
RTP true for n = k + 1, i.e. ak + 1 = 7(k + 1) 4
Proof:
Since=
an an 1 + 7

ak +=
1 ak + 7
= 7k 4 + 7
= 7k + 7 4
= 7(k + 1) 4
Hence by PMI
a=
n 7n 4

(since ak = 7k 4)

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(c)

RTP 2n + 1 < 2n , n 3
Proof:
Since 7 < 8 23 + 1 < 23
When n = 3, 2n + 1 < 2n
Assume true=
for n k , i.e. 2k + 1 < 2k
RTP true for n = k + 1, i.e. 2(k + 1) + 1 < 2k + 1
Proof:
2k + 1 < 2 k
(2k + 1) 2 < 2k 2
Now 4k + 2 = 2k + 2 + k + k

2k + 3
2(k + 1) + 1
2(k + 1) + 1 < 2k + 1

Hence by PMI 2n + 1 < 2n , n 3

2

(a)

3 1 3x

=(1 3x ) 3

(b)

1 2
1 2 5

3 3
1
2 3 3 3
=1 + ( 3x ) +
( 3x ) +
( 3x )3 +
3
2!
3!
5
=1 x x 2 x 3
3
1
1
The expansion is valid for < x <
3
3
3
2
2x + x =
2
2 x3 + x 2 2 =
0

Let f ( x ) = 2 x 3 + x 2 2
f (0.5) =2(0.5)3 + (0.5) 2 2 =

3
2

f (1)
= 2(1)3 + (1) 2 =
2 1
Since f(0) f1 < 0, by IMVT there exists x = in the interval [0.5, 1] such that f() = 0
Hence there is a root in the interval [0.5, 1]
Linear interpolation:
a f (b ) + b f ( a )
x1 =
f (b ) + f ( a )
3
(0.5) (1) + (1)
2 = 2= 4= 0.8
x=
1
3
5 5
+1
2
2
3
2
f (0.8) =2(0.8) + (0.8) 2 = 0.336
Root is between 0.8 and 1
(0.8) (1) + (1) (0.336)
=
x2 = 0.85030
1 + 0.336

f (0.85030) =2(0.85030)3 + (0.85030) 2 2 = 0.04739

Root lies between 0.85030 and 1

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(0.85030) (1) + (1) (0.04739)

= 0.85708
1 + 0.04739
f (0.85708) = 0.006216
(0.85708) (1) + (1) (0.006216)
=
x4 = 0.85796
1 + 0.006216
Root is 0.86 (2 dp)
dy
(c)
= 4y2 + 7
dx
d2 y
dy
= 8y
2
dx
dx
=
x3

d3 y
d2 y
dy dy
=
8
+8
y
3
2
dx dx
dx
dx
dy
When x = 0, y = 2, = 4(2) 2 +=
7 23
dx
d2 y
=
(8)
=
(2) (23) 368
dx 2
d3 y
=8(2) (368) + 8 (23) (23) =10 120
dx3
Maclaurins expansion:
x2
x3
f ( x) =
f (0) + x f (0) +
f (0)
f (0) +
2!
3!
x2
x3
y = 2 + ( x) (23) +
(368) +
(10 120) +
2!
3!
5060 3
=+
2 23x + 184 x 2 +
x +
3
x3
x5
(a) (i) sin x =x
+
+
6 120
x2 x4
cos x =
1
+
+
2 24
(ii)

x2 x4
+
(cos x) = 1

2 24

x 2 x 4 ( 1) ( 2) x 2 x 4
=+
1 ( 1)
+ +
2 + 4 +
2!
2
2 24

1
1 4 1 4
=
1 + x2
x + x +
2
24
4
1 2 5 4
=
1+ x +
x +
2
24
sin x
(iii) tan
=
x = (sin x ) (cos x ) 1
cos x
1
1 5
1
5 4

= x x3 +
x + ... 1 + x 2 +
x + ...
6
120
2
24

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1 3 5 5 1 3 1 5
1 5
x +
x x x +
x +
2
24
6
12
120
1 3 2 5
=+
x
x + x +
3
15
1
2
(iv) tan(0.001) 0.001 + (0.001)3 + (0.001)5
3
15
= 0.00100 (5 dp)
f ( x) = cos x
f ( x ) = sin x
f ( x ) = cos x
f ( x) = sin x
=+
x

(b)

1
=
, =
f cos

3
3
3 2
3

=
sin =

3
2

When
=
x

f
3

1


f =
cos =

3
3
2

3


f=
=
sin

3
3
2
Taylors expansion:
f ( x )= f (a) + ( x a) f (a) +

=
f ( x) cos
=
x, a

( x a)2
( x a )3
f (a) +
+ f (a) +
2!
3!

3
2

x
1
3

3 1
cos x =
x +
+
2
2
3
2!
2

x 3
3
2 +
3!

3
+
x
4
12

The Taylors expansion about x = is:

3
1
3
cos x =
2
2

1
x
3 4

1
x
3 4

Now 61 = 60 + 1=
+
3 180

cos
=
61 cos +
3 180
1
3
cos x =
x
2
2

3
+
3
12

+
3

1
3

3
=
+
+
+

2
2 3 180 3
4 3 180 3
12
2

+
3

+
+
3 180 3

1
3 1
3
=

+
2
2 180 4 180
12 180
0.4848096
= 0.48481 (5 dp)

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Module 3 Test 1
1

(a)

NUMBERS has 7 different letters

No. of 3-letter words = 7P3 = 210
(i) Since we need the S, we choose 2 others from the remaining 6 and then order all three
letters in 3! ways
No. of 3-letter words containing the S = 6C2 3! = 90
(ii) No. of 3 letter words without the vowels = 5C3 3! = 60
d2 x
dx
(b)
3 4x =
50 sin 2t
2
dt
dt
y = CF + PI
dx
d2 x
CF: 2 3 4 x =
0
dt
dt
AQE: m2 3m 4 = 0
(m 4) (m + 1) = 0
m = 4 or m = 1
=
x Ae 4t + Be t
PI: Let x = a sin 2t + b cos 2t
dx
= 2a cos 2t 2b sin 2t
dt
d2 x
=
4a sin 2t 4b cos 2t
dt 2
Substituting into the differential equation:
4a sin 2t 4b cos 2t 3(2a cos 2t 2b sin 2t ) 4(a sin 2t + b cos 2t ) =
50 sin 2t
Equating coefficients of sin 2t
4a + 6b 4a = 50
8a + 6b = 50
[1]
Equating coefficients of cos 2t: 4b 6a 4b = 0 6a = 8b
4
a=
b
3
Substituting in [1]
4
8 b + 6b =
50
3
50
b = 50
3
b = 3, a = 4
General solution is
x = Ae 4t + Be t 4 sin 2t + 3 cos 2t
When=
x 0,=
t 0
0 =A + B + 3, A = B 3
Since x remains finite as t , A = 0
B = 3
Required solution is x = 3et 4 sin 2t + 3 cos 2t
5 4 5
(c) (ii) P(two red) = =
8 7 14

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(a)

(ii) P(blue and red) = P(BR) + P(RB)

3 5 5 3
= +
8 7 8 7
30
=
56
15
=
28
We separate the two Es and the other letters:
EE SLCT ION
(i)
Number of selections with zero Es =

=
C5 21

Number of selections with one E =

=
C4 35

Number of selections with two Es

= C3 = 35
Total number of selections = 21 + 35 + 35 = 91
(ii) We need the number of arrangements of the five letters:
Number of arrangements with zero Es = 21 5! = 2520
Number of arrangements with one E
= 35 5! = 4200
5!
Number of arrangements with two Es
= 35 = 2100
2!
Total number of arrangements = 8820
1
2
(b) (i) Biased: P(H) = ,
P(T) =
3
3
1
1
P(T) =
Unbiased P(H) = ,
2
2
2 2 1 1 1 1
P(X) = P(TTT) + P(HHH) = +
3 3 2 3 3 2
2 1
5
= +
=
9 18 18
(ii) P(X Y) = P(X) + P(Y) P(X Y)
5 1 4 10 5
=
+ =
=
18 2 18 18 9
5
4
1
(iii) P(X Y) = P(X) P(X Y) = =
18 18 18
dy
(c) cos x + y sin x =
e x cos 2 x
dx
Dividing by cos x gives:
dy
+ y tan x =
e x cos x
dx
tan x dx
ln sec x
IF e = e=
=
sec x
7

General solution is

y sec x = e dx

y(sec x ) = e x cos x (sec x )dx

x

y (sec x=
) ex + c
When x = 0, y = 2

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2
= e0 + c
cos 0
2=1+c
c=1
y sec x = ex+ 1
y = (ex + 1) cos x
(i) 10 x + 100 y +=
50 z 85000 x + 10 y +
=
5 z 8500
15 x + 120 y + 70
=
z 119000 3x + 24 y + 14
=
z 23800
18 x + 105 y + 100
=
z 136250 18 x + 105 y + 100
=
z 136250

(a)

1
(ii) 3

18

(iii)

1
3
18

10
24
105

5
14

100

10
24
105

x 8500
y = 23800

z 136250

5
24
14 =
105
100

14
3
10
100
18

14
3
+5
100
18

24
105

= 930 480 585

= 135
10
5
1
3
24
14

18 105 100
930

Matrix of cofactors = 475

20

48
10
1

475 20
930
1

48
A =
10
1
135
6
75
117
475
x
930
1

(iv)
y =

48
10

135
75
z
117

117

75
6

20
1

8500
23800

136250

675000 5000
1
250
=

33750 =

135
27000 200
x =
TT$ 5000
y = TT$ 250
z = TT$ 200

(b)

x+2
1
1

4
x3
4

2
2 =
0
x 1

x3
2
1
2
1
x3
(4)
+ (2)
=0
4
x 1
1 x 1
1
4
( x + 2)[( x 3) ( x 1) 8] + 4[( x 1) + 2] + 2[4 + x 3] =
0
( x + 2)

( x + 2) ( x 2 4 x 5) + 4( x + 1) + 2( x + 1) =
0

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( x + 2)( x 2 4 x 5) + 6( x + 1) =
0
( x + 2)( x + 1)(x 5) + 6( x + 1) =
0
( x + 1) ( x 2 3x 10 + 6) =
0
( x + 1) ( x + 1) ( x 4) =
0
x=
1 or x =
4

Module 3 Test 2
1

(a)

11 33 2 4 8
Treating all the digits as if they are different:
For the number to be odd it must end with a 1 or 3.
Number of odd numbers assuming the digits were different = 6 5 4 3 214

Since we have two 1s and two 2s, the number of odd arrangements
6 5 4 3 2 1 4
= = 720
2! 2!
(b) (i) No. of letters to be chosen = 4
EEE SLCTD
No. of choices with no Es =

=
C4 5

No. of choices with one E=

=
C3 10

No. of choices with two Es

=

=
C2 10

No. of choices with three Es = 5C1 = 5

Total no. of choices = 30

(ii)

No. of arrangements =5 4! + 10 4! + 10
= 120 + 240 + 120 + 20
= 500

4!
4!
+5
2!
3!

(c)

No. drawn = 3
C3
4
1
(i) P(all red=
) 10 =
=
C3 120 30
(ii) P(at least one of each colour) = P(1R 2G) + P(2R 1G)
4
C1 6 C2 + 4 C2 6 C1 60 + 36 96 4
=
=
= =
10
120
120 5
C3
(iii) P(2 R | at least one of each colour)
4
C2 6 C1
36
10
P(2 red at least one of each colour)
36 3
C3
=
=
= 120
= =
96
96 96 8
P(at least one of each colour)
120
120
1 1 1
b c
a c
a b
a b c = 2
2
+ 2
2
2
b c
a c
a b2
2
2
2
a b c
4

(a)

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= bc2 b2c ac2 + a2c + ab2 a2b

= abc + bc2 b2c ac2 + a2c + ab2 a2b abc
= (a b) (c a) (b c)
(b) 2x + y z = 1
3x + 4y + 2z = 7
9x + 7y z = 10
2 1 1 x 1

(i)
3 4 2 y = 7

9 7 1 z 10
(ii)

(iii)

2 1 1 1

3 4 2 7
9 7 110

R2 2R2 3R1
R3 2R3 9R1
2 1 1 1

0 5 7 11
0 5 7 11

R3 R3 R2
2 1 1 1

0 5 7 11
0 0 0 0

Since the three equations reduce to:

2x + y z = 1
5y + 7z = 11
We have an infinite set of solutions
2x + y z = 1
5y + 7z = 11
Let z = , 5y + 7 = 11
11 7
y=
5
11 7
=
y

5 5
11 7
2x + =
1
5 5
6 12

2=
x
+
5
5
3 6
=
x
+
5 5
The solution set is:
3 6
=
+
x
5 5

11 7
y =
5 5
z=

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(c) (i)
=
AB 0
3

(ii)
AB = 6 0
0

= 6I

1 0 3 2 1

1 =
1 3 2 1
1 2 3 4 1

6 0 0

0 6 0
0 0 6

0 0

1 0
0 1

AA1 = I
B = 6 A1

3 2 1
1

=
AB
3 2 1

3 4 1
dy
(a)
2y =
e3 x
dx
P=
2, Q =
e3 x

IF = e
= e 2 x
General solution is
y (e 2 x ) = e3 x e 2 x dx
2 dx

y (e 2 x ) = e x dx

y(e-2x) = ex + c
When x = 0, y = 1
1=1+c
c=0
y(e2x) = ex
y = e3x
(b) x = eu
dy dy du
=

dx du dx
dx
Since x = eu,
= eu
du
du 1 1

= =
dx eu x
dy 1 dy
=
dx x d u
dy dy
x
=
dx du
Differentiating again wrt x:
d 2 y dy d 2 y du
=

x 2 +
dx du 2 dx
dx
d 2 y dy 1 d 2 y
+
=
dx 2 dx x du 2
d2 y
d2 y
dy
2= x 2 2 + x
dx
du
dx
x

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d2 y
dy
0
x
15 y =
2
dx
dx
d2 y
dy
dy
x2 2 + x
2x
15 y =
0
dx
dx
dx
dy dy
d2 y
dy d 2 y
Substituting x 2 2 + x
and x
gives:
=
=
2
dx du
dx du
dx
d2 y
dy
2
15 y =
0
2
du
du

Now x 2

AQE: m 2 2m 15 =
0
(m 5) (m + 3) =
0
m = 5 or m = 3
=
y Ae5u + Be 3u
Since eu = x

=
y A(eu )5 + B(eu ) 3
y= Ax5 + Bx 3

(c)

d 2 y dy

6 y = 6 x 2 + 8 x + 11
dx 2 dx
y = CF + PI
d 2 y dy
CF : 2
0
6y =
dx
dx
AQE: m 2 m 6 =
0
(m 3) (m + 2) =
0
m=
2 or m =
3

=
y Ae 2 x + Be3 x

PI: Let y = ax 2 + bx + c
dy
= 2ax + b
dx
d2 y
= 2a
dx 2
Substituting into the differential equation:
2a (3ax + b) 6 (ax2 + bx + c) = 6x2 + 8x + 11
Equating coefficients of x2: 6a = 6, a = 1
6
Equating coefficients of x: 2a 6b = 8 b = =
1
6
Equating constants: 2a b 6c = 11 2 + 1 6c = 11 c = 2
This gives y = x2 x 2
General solution is y = Ae2x + Be3x x2 x 2
When x = 0, y = 0
0=A+B2A+B=2
[1]
dy
=
2 Ae 2 x + 3Be3 x 2 x 1
dx
dy
When
=
x 0,= 1
dx
1 = 2 A + 3B 1

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2A + 3B = 2
[1] 2 gives:
2A + 2B = 4

[2] + [3] gives 5B = 6, B =

[2]
[3]
6
5

6
4
=2 A =
5
5
Required solution is
4 2 x 6 3 x
=
y
e + e x2 x 2
5
5
A+

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