CBB1052 ENGINEERING

GRAPHICS
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM (PFD)
& PROCESS AND INSTRUMENTATION
DIAGRAM (P&ID)

CHAPTER 9
WEEK 11

OBJECTIVES

At the end of this lecture, students should be able

to:

Explain what is PFD and P&ID

Construct PFD given a process statement or from

block diagram

Understand and apply general draughting rules

(B)

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

In the process flow diagram (PFD), processes

and/or process plants are shown as graphical
symbols, interconnected by flow lines.

The graphical symbols represent equipment and

the lines represent flows of mass or energy or
energy carriers.

(B)

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

The process flow diagram should consist of the

following basic information:

symbols of process equipment

denomination of the equipment

route and direction of the incoming and

outgoing material, energy and/or carrier flows

denomination of flows of incoming and outgoing

materials, energy and/or carriers

operating conditions (T and P)

(B)

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

Denomination of flows of incoming & outgoing

material
or energy flows

Route & direction of incoming & outgoing material

or energy flows

Denomination of the equipment

Symbols of process equipment

Operating conditions

Source: EN ISO 10628:2001

(B)

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

The process flow diagram may also contains:

denomination of flow directions and flow rates
of process fluids between the process steps

essential valves in the logical process position

with respect to their function

functional demands for process measurement

and control at essential points

(B)

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

(continued):
Density, viscosity

supplementary operating conditions ( , )

denomination of equipment and characteristic

data of equipment

denomination of drives (e.g., gears, conveyors,

belts, chains, cranes) and their characteristics

elevation of platforms and approximate

relative vertical position of equipment.

(B)

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

Flowrates of process fluids

Data tables

Operating T & P

Supplementary operating conditions ()

Functional demands for process measurement

& control

Gate valve

Elevation of platforms &

approx relative vertical position of equip
Source: EN ISO 10628:2001

Valves in the logical process position

with respect to their function

(C) PROCESS AND INSTRUMENTATION

DIAGRAM (P&ID)

The piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) is

drawn based on the process flow diagram (PFD).

The P&ID represents the technical realization of a

process by means of graphical symbols for equipment and
piping together with graphical symbols for process
measurement and control functions.

(C) PROCESS AND INSTRUMENTATION

DIAGRAM (P&ID)
The piping and instrument diagram should consist of the following

basic information:

function or type of equipment, including drives,

conveyors as well as installed spares

identification number of equipment

characteristic data of equipment

indication of nominal diameter, pressure rating,

material and type of piping

(C) PROCESS AND INSTRUMENTATION

DIAGRAM (P&ID)
Basic information (continued):

details of equipment, piping, valves and fittings,

thermal insulation

process measurement and control functions with

identification number

characteristic data of drives, given in separate lists if

necessary

Process control & measurement functions

with ID no
Identification no of equipment

Characteristic data equip table

(C) PROCESS AND INSTRUMENTATION

DIAGRAM (P&ID)
The piping and instrumentation diagram may also contains:

denomination of flow rates or amounts of energy or energy

carriers

route and direction of flow of energy or carriers

type of essential primary elements and sensors

essential construction materials for equipment

elevation of platforms and approximate relative vertical

position of equipment

reference designation for valves and fittings

denomination of equipment

Flow energy

Elevation

Flowrates

Construction materials

EQUIPMENT DENOMINATION ACCORDING

TO BS
K1 Bubble cap tray column
W1 Circulating evaporator
W2 Condenser
W4 Distillate cooler
W5 Residue cooler
B1, B2 distillate vessel
P1A-B Centrifugal pump
P2A-B Pump
P3A-B Centrifugal pump

EQUIPMENT FUNCTION CODE BASED ON

PTS

EQUIPMENT FUNCTION CODE BASED ON

PTS

Process & eng flow scheme

Utilities & eng flow scheme

DCS=distribution control system

GENERAL DRAUGHTING RULES ACCORDING

TO BRITISH STANDARD

Dimensions

Should reflect the actual relative dimensions with

respect to scale and elevation (exclude valves,
pumps and measurement unit)

Location
Devices to be expected at the uttermost level of the
plant shall appear at the top of the drawing
Those devices at the lowest level are expected to be
shown at the bottom of the drawing

Logical position

GENERAL DRAUGHTING RULES ACCORDING

TO BRITISH STANDARD (CONT.)

Line Widths

1 mm for main flow lines

0.5 mm for
Graphical symbols of the equipment, except valves, fittings,
and piping accessories
Energy carrier lines and auxiliary system
Subsidiary flow lines
Rectangular frames for illustrating unit operations

0.25 mm for
Graphical symbols of valves, fittings and piping accessories
Symbol for process measurement and control functions,
control and data transmission lines
Reference lines
Other auxiliary lines,

GENERAL DRAUGHTING RULES ACCORDING

TO BRITISH STANDARD (CONT.)

Flow Direction

Flow direction shall start from left to right or top

to bottom

Line Spacing
Line should not be spaced less than twice the
width of the lines
Line spacing (parallel lines) > 10 mm is highly
desirable

Arrows

For better understanding, arrow may be located at

the inlet of the equipment and upstream of pipe
branches

GENERAL DRAUGHTING RULES ACCORDING

TO BRITISH STANDARD (CONT.)

Lines Connection

GENERAL DRAUGHTING RULES ACCORDING

TO BRITISH STANDARD (CONT.)

Auxiliary system lines

Lines shall be shown as dashed lines with the

indication of the direction of flow and reference to
type of the energy carrier

Lettering

Height of letters shall be 5 mm for reference

designations of major equipment
2.5 mm for other inscriptions

INSTRUMENT NOMENCLATURE

SUMMARY

PFD

P&ID

General Draughting Rules