WEEK 8 INFECTION AND ANTIBIOTICS

Antibiotics
BENZYL-PENICILLIN

PENICILLINS

AMOXICILLIN

Co-amoxiclav

FLUCLOXACILLIN

TETRACYCLINE
S

CEPHALOSPORIN

Piperacillin w/
tazobactam

Cephalexin

Mechanism of action
Penicillin G

Interfere with the last step of bacterial cell wall

synthesis. Cell lysis that occurs. Bactericidal.
Extended-spectrum penicillins.
Amox+cluvanic acid. Protects amox from
enzymatic hydrolysis and extends the
antimicrobial spectrum.
cross-linkage between the linear
peptidoglycan polymer chains that make up a
major component of the cell wall of Grampositive bacteria
Extended spectrum penicillin + b-lactamase
inhibitor.
active against Gram-positive bacteria and
some Gram-negative bacteria. It is in the class
of first-generation cephalosporins and has
similar activity to other agents within this
group, including the intravenous agent
cefazolin

Doxycycline

Blocking access of the amino acyl-tRNA to

the mRNA-ribosome complex at the
receptor site. Inhibits bacterial protein
synthesis
Inhibit protein synthesis by inhibiting
binding of tRNA to 30S ribosomal subunit

Indications
intravenously or intramuscularly as a
treatment for syphilis, meningitis,
endocarditis, pneumonia, lung abscesses and
septicaemia in children
Abnormal heart valces who undergo extensive
oral surgery
More effective against gram-negative bacilli.
Infective exacerbations of COPD

flucloxacillin has activity against betalactamase-producing organisms such as

Staphylococcus aureus.
ineffective against MRSA

Its main uses are in intensive care

medicine (pneumonia, peritonitis),
diabetes-related foot infections,
empirical therapy in febrile neutropenia

otitis media, streptococcal pharyngitis,

bone and joint infections, pneumonia,
cellulitis, and urinary tract infections.
prevent bacterial endocarditis.
prevention of recurrent urinary-tract
infections

Lyme disease, chronic prostatitis, sinusitis,

pelvic inflammatory disease, acne, rosacea,
and rickettsial infections
Alternative in infective exacerbations of COPD

Adverse effects

Diarrhoea, hypersensitivity (angioedema,

maculopapular rash, anaphylaxis), nephritis,
neurotoxicity, hematologic toxicities, cation
toxicity

c. diff
thrombocytopenia

Gastrointestinal disturbances include nausea,

vomiting, and diarrhea. Hypersensitivity
reactions include skin rashes, urticaria, fever,
and anaphylaxis Symptoms of an allergic
reaction include rash, itching, swelling,
trouble breathing, or red, blistered, swollen,
or peeling skin
Gastric discomfort, discoloration and
hypoplasia of the teeth and a temporary
stunting of growth. Hepatotoxicity,
photototoxicity, vestibular problems,
superinfections.

Gentamicin

METRO

Rifampicin
Isoniazid

METRONIDAZOLE

QUINOLO
NES

TRIMETHROPRIM

Ciprofloxacin

OTHER

SULFONA
MIDES

CLARITHROMYCIN

ANTI-TB

MACROLIDES

AMINOGL
YCOSIDES

WEEK 8 INFECTION AND ANTIBIOTICS

Nitrofurantoin

irreversibly binding the 30S s/unit of the

bacterial ribosome, interrupting protein
synthesis

Irreversibly binding the 50S subunit of the

bacterial ribosome, interrupting translocation
steps of protein synthesis.

Pneumonia

particularly for respiratory infections

Alternative in infective exacerbations of
COPD
Skin infections and Lyme disease. In
addition, it is used to treat Helicobacter
pylori, a cause of gastritis

Inhibit DNA synthesis by folate inhibition

Thrombocytopenia megaloblastic anaemia

Hyperkalaemia

Destroys bacterial DNA by forming toxic

metabolites
Anaerobic organisms, protozoa
IV/oral/rectal
Penetrates BBB, good abscess
penetration

Nausea, diarrhoea, weight loss, abdo pain,

vomiting, headache, dizziness and metallic
taste in the mouth.

toxic to the sensory cells of the ear

nephrotoxic

Epigastric distress
Cholestatic jaundice
Erythromycin inhibits CYP450

C/I : hepatic dysf(x)

UTI
Can be combined with
sulphamethoxazole for broader cover
including PCP and malaria

Drug of choice for; C.diff, PID,

pseudomonas colitis,, aspiration
pneumonia, pseudomembranous colitis

WEEK 8 INFECTION AND ANTIBIOTICS