Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Marcin Zabawa
Instytut Jzyka Angielskiego
Uniwersytet lski wKatowicach
When defined in this way, the phenomenon does not seem to exist in present-day Poland. However, as was stated in my earlier work (Zabawa 2006,
155
2007), language contact nowadays does not have to imply the coexistence of
two languages within one state. In fact, the English-Polish contact may and
does take place in present-day Poland via the Internet, television, cinema, radio, books, the press and the process of learning and teaching English. Thus,
the definition given at the beginning of the section needs to be restructured:
we do not necessarily witness mutual influence between the languages in contact. It is very often the case that such influence, most often manifested by the
existence of loanwords, is restricted to one direction only, with the more prestigious language normally being the donor, as Jespersen pointed out:
Loan-words always show asuperiority of the nation from whose language they
are borrowed, though this superiority may be of many different kinds (Jespersen 1964: 208209) [emphasis mine].
This is precisely the case here, as English influences Polish to agreat extent (cf. Section 3), whereas the reverse situation, namely the influence of
Polish on English is also documented, but such aphenomenon is very limited
in scope and restricted to the level of vocabulary, cf. Podhajecka, who enumerates as few as 19 words of Polish origin, noted in Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition (referred to as OED). Moreover, it can be speculated that
such loans are used or even known by avery limited number of people and
thus they can be said to play aperipheral role in English (Podhajecka 2002:
333337).
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Marcin Zabawa
157
2
According to Witalisz (2007), for example, there are currently more than 300 English semantic loans in Polish.
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Marcin Zabawa
Diagram 1: The methodology for finding semantic loans in atext (Zabawa 2006: 167).
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160
Marcin Zabawa
Diagram 2: The presumptive process of introducing the semantic loan ikona (Zabawa
2006: 176177).
3
Detailed description of the process can be found in the authors doctoral dissertation (Zabawa 2006: 172181) and in one of the authors articles (Zabawa 2007: 89102).
4
The diagram was first presented and discussed in the authors doctoral dissertation (Zabawa 2006: 176177).
161
162
Marcin Zabawa
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