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Measurement Advancements:
Oxidation Reduction Potential
Abstract
different manner.
and thus the ORP response, will vary depending upon a number
process water.
water.
The ECP measurement typically utilizes a Ag/AgCl reference
Corrosion Potential
6,11
1-11
system changes.
X + pe
(1)
(2)
m-p
by
oxidized to Y
agent.
X +Y
(3)
the process.
Oxidation-Reduction Potential
various plants has shown the potential to vary most with changes
between higher oxygen levels and the ORP value. The ORP
Dissolved Oxygen
expected potentials.
oxygen levels exceed 100 ppb, the ORP does not increase much
further. This graph does not represent actual data at a plant;
Oxygen Scavenger
number of power plants, both nuclear and fossil based, show the
constant at 130 ppb. The ORP was thus much more sensitive to
1,10
Hydrazine
portion of the steam generators (see Table 1). The effect that
due to an air ingress, with the oxygen level spiking from 10 ppb
to around 1 ppm, and then leveling off to 150 ppb for about 4
hours. The feedwater ORP levels were seen to rise sharply two
and a half hours later. The ORP increased 200 mV within about
half an hour, and then slowly decreased over the next six hours.
It was noted at one fossil plant that sample locations with higher
hydrazine residuals experienced more reducing (more negative)
potentials.
4,12
and was reduced over a period of time to zero. The ORP was
While the level of hydrazine was at 40 ppb, the ORP reading was
completely, the ORP was seen to rise to about +80 mV, where it
levels exceed 100 ppb, the ORP does not decrease much
without hydrazine.
plant, the ECP values were observed in the final feedwater for
6,11,13
reduce the ECP any further. A similar test was performed in the
11,13
observed. The condensate sample points ECP did not vary from
6,11
6,11,14
Only at
It has been
11
Location
Typical power plant water has different properties, such as pH,
oxygen / oxygen scavenger concentrations, or temperature,
depending upon the location in the system. Because of the
varying characteristics of the water, as well as different
metallurgy used throughout the system, the ORP response can
change significantly from one point to another.
change in the ORP at one point and drastically alter the readings
1,10
performed at this plant. The hydrazine was dosed from after the
each time.
at the outlet of the condensate pumps (point #1), the outlet of the
feedwater pumps (point #2), and the outlet of the high pressure
11
higher than the normal rate, the entire system eventually dropped
transient conditions.
60 mV), Final Feedwater (-100 mV), Boiler Water (-80 mV) and
Fe Fe + + 2e
2
(5)
12
2H + 2e
H2
O2 + 2H2O + 4e
(6)
4OH-
(7)
plant water.
2,7
15
3,4,7,9
This
point in both nuclear and fossil plants for various water chemistry
treatments.
9.6 remained the same during the test period. Iron transport
10
corrosion products.
ppb, or both.
more.
3,4
Conclusions
ORP control point has been seen to vary somewhat from plant to
potential is present.
3,16
This effect was observed at one plant which has a copper nickel
condenser and all-ferrous feedwater heaters.
10
Hydrazine
Saturated
Steam
H-P Turbine
Chemical
Feed
I-P Turbine
ORP
Condenser
Drum
Cooling Water
ORP
Hotwell
Super
heater
Economizer
Blowdown
Reheater
Boiler
Deaerator
ORP
ORP
H-P Heaters
Condensate
Polishers
L-P Heaters
ORP
ORP
200
Chemical
Feed
200
180
150
160
100
50
120
100
80
-50
ORP, mV SHE
Oxygen, ppb
140
Oxygen, ppb
ORP, Condensate
60
-100
40
-150
20
0
-200
1
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Time, hours
160
100
50
140
0
120
100
ORP, mV SHE
Hydrazine, ppb
-50
-100
-150
80
-200
60
Hydrazine, ppb
ORP, mV SHE
-250
40
-300
20
-350
-400
1
10 11 12 13 14 15
Time, hours
* Note: This graph does not contain actual data from plant results. It represents an example of typical results that have been observed
in a number of plants.
Range 3
Range 2
Range 5
Range 4
Range 1
-800 mV
-600 mV
-400 mV
-200 mV
Range 6
0 mV
100 mV
Range 1: Pressurized Water Reactor Nuclear Plant, Primary Side (mV, SHE)
Range 2: Boiling Water Reactor Nuclear Plant, High Hydrogen Addition (mV, SHE)
Range 3: Boiling Water Reactor Nuclear Plant, Normal Water Chemistry (mV, SHE)
200 mV
10
Range 4: (a) Pressurize Water Reactor Nuclear Plant, Secondary Circuit (mV, SHE)
(b) Mixed Metallurgy Fossil Fuel Plant, Oxygen Scavenger Addition (mV, Ag/AgCl)
Range 5: All-Ferrous Fossil Fuel Plant, No Oxygen Scavenger Addition (mV, Ag/AgCl)
Range 6: All-Ferrous Fossil Fuel Plant, Oxygen Addition (mV, Ag/AgCl)
Feedwater Hydrazine, ppb
Downcomer ORP, mV
Date
Time
Before
During
Duration
Before
During
10/2/94
5:00
110
20
2 Hours
-100
+10
11/3/94
15:30
115
30
20 Minutes
-60
+22
11/4/94
3:00
110
20
60 Minutes
-58
+86
11/9/94
13:30
140
40
40 Minutes
-58
+64
11/13/94
21:00
110
50
20 Minutes
-80
+10
More Information
For more information on ORP, visit
www.honeywellprocess.com, or contact your
Honeywell account manager.
Honeywell Process Solutions
Honeywell
1250 West Sam Houston Parkway South
Houston, TX 77042
Honeywell House, Arlington Business Park
Bracknell, Berkshire, England RG12 1EB UK
Shanghai City Centre, 100 Junyi Road
Shanghai, China 20051
www.honeywellprocess.com
SO-13-18-ENG
January 2013
2013 Honeywell International Inc.