Management

Postgraduate & mid career Development Unit

Faculty of Management & Finance
University of Colombo

Managing resources

Introduction to OB
Session I

Working with and through people

Programme

: MBA (2014 - 2016)

Course

: MBA 531 - Organizational Behaviour

Lecturer

: Professor. W.P.Gamini De Alwis

Department of Management & Organization Studies
Faculty of Management & Finance
University of Colombo

Achieving goals through other people

prof : W.P.Gamini de Alwis, University of
Colombo

Management role

Managers role
Interpersonal role
Informational role
Decisional role

Managers perform different function

Planning
Organizing
Leading
Controlling

prof : W.P.Gamini de Alwis, University of

Colombo

prof : W.P.Gamini de Alwis, University of

Colombo

Managers skills

Do you think
all managers do the same thing

Technical skills
Human skills
Conceptual skill

Do you think
all managers do the same thing
in same way
prof : W.P.Gamini de Alwis, University of
Colombo

prof : W.P.Gamini de Alwis, University of

Colombo

average manager
successful managers

19%

13%

32%

netwoorking
HRM
communication

netwoorking
48%

functions
20%

HRM
communication

28%

functions

29%

11%

prof : W.P.Gamini de Alwis, University of

Colombo

prof : W.P.Gamini de Alwis, University of

Colombo

effective manager

Why different organization have different results?

11%
19%

netwoorking
26%

To what extent people in the organization determine

the result?

HRM
communication
functions

44%

Who are these people ? Why they behave differently?

prof : W.P.Gamini de Alwis, University of
Colombo

prof : W.P.Gamini de Alwis, University of

Colombo

10

Gap

people are unique. Can not be copied.

It is the competitive advantage

Few believe that people are the important factor in the

organization.
Only about Half of those who believe it, really do
something about it
Only about half of those, who believe and do something
about it, really fully implement the high performance
practices.

Do you know?
.

Do you believe it ?
Do you use it effectively?
prof : W.P.Gamini de Alwis, University of
Colombo

11

prof : W.P.Gamini de Alwis, University of

Colombo

12

OB
theoretical

applied

What is an organizational Behavior

OT

OB

OD

HRM

OB studies the impact that individuals, groups, and

structures have on behavior within organization for
the purpose of applying such knowledge toward
improving an organizations effectiveness.
The study of structure, functioning and
performance of organizations, and the behavior of
groups and individuals within them
OB concerned with the study of what people do in
an organization and how their behavior affects the
organizations performance.

Macro
Micro
prof : W.P.Gamini de Alwis, University of
Colombo

13

prof : W.P.Gamini de Alwis, University of

Colombo

14

What.
Understand
behavior

It helps to:
Understand behavior
Predict behavior
Manage oe modify human behavior

prof : W.P.Gamini de Alwis, University of

Colombo

Why study
Organizational
behavior

15

prof : W.P.Gamini de Alwis, University of

Colombo

16

Historical perspective on OB

OB as a discipline

Structural perspective focused on

structuring and design of work and
organizations
Behavioral perspective focus on human side
Integrative perspectives integration of both
structure and human side

prof : W.P.Gamini de Alwis, University of

Colombo

Individual - psychology
Group social psychology, sociology, political
science
Organization anthropology, economics

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18

Contributing Disciplines

Contributing Disciplines
to the OB Field
Micro:

prof : W.P.Gamini de Alwis, University of

Colombo

Psychology seeks to
measure, explain,
and change
behavior

Psychology

Sociology studies
people in relation to their
fellow human beings

The Individual

Social psychology
focuses on the
influence of people
on one another

Social Psychology
Sociology
Macro:
Groups &
Organizations

Anthropology
prof : W.P.Gamini de Alwis, University of
Colombo

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Anthropology is the
study of societies
to learn about human
beings and their activities
prof : W.P.Gamini de Alwis,
Colombo

Political science is the

study of the
behavior of individuals
and groups within
University
of
a political environment
20

Contributing Disciplines

Contributing Disciplines
Sociology

Psychology

Communication, power, conflict, intergroup

behavior,
formal organization theory,
organizational technology,
organizational change,
organizational culture

learning, motivation, personality, emotions,

perception, training, job satisfaction, leadership
effectiveness,
individual decision making, performance appraisal,
attitude measurement, employee selection,
work design, work stress

Social psychology

Behavioral change, attitude change,

communicate,
group processes,
group decision making
prof : W.P.Gamini de Alwis, University of
Colombo

21

Contributing Disciplines

22

Universal theories?
OB deal with human being and behavior
People are different
Difficult to develop common theories to
explain human behavior
It is more conditional or situational

Anthropology

prof : W.P.Gamini de Alwis, University of

Colombo

Comparative values,
comparative attitudes,
cross-culture analysis,
organizational culture,
Organizational enviroment,
Power

Political science
Conflict,
Intraorganizational politics,
Power
prof : W.P.Gamini de Alwis, University of
Colombo

23

prof : W.P.Gamini de Alwis, University of

Colombo

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dimensions

dimensions
regulators

Political &
legal
environment

Organizational challenges and issues

Economic

International

competitors

Employer customers
Managers
Employees
suppliers
owners culture

unions

Technologi
cal
dimensions

partners
Sociocultural
dimensions

prof : W.P.Gamini de Alwis, University of

Colombo

25

a Paradigm Shift
Issues

New
issues

Thinking

prof : W.P.Gamini de Alwis, University of

Colombo

Global competitive arena

Changing information technology
Managing diverse work force
Ethical issues
Improving quality
Creating positive and no fear environment
maintaining balance between office and
family life
prof : W.P.Gamini de Alwis, University of
Colombo

26

a Paradigm Shift
Think of a Paradigm Shift as a change from
one way of thinking to another. It's a
revolution, a transformation, a sort of
metamorphosis.
It just does not happen, but rather it is driven
by agents of change.

Solutions

Thinking

New
solutions
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prof : W.P.Gamini de Alwis, University of

Colombo

28

Organizational

Theoretical frameworks

participants

Cognitive framework cognition precede

behavior
Behavioristic framework concern about only
observable behavior instead of elusive mind
Social cognitive framework behavior can be
explained in terms of continuous reciprocal
interaction among cognitive, behavioral and
environmental determinants.

prof : W.P.Gamini de Alwis, University of

Colombo

Organizational
Organizational
behavior

prof : W.P.Gamini de Alwis, University of

Colombo

29

30

Basic issue

Self

Behavior

Environment

How people could be motivate to work

Rules and punishment
Rewards Finance or other
Relationship

Environment
prof : W.P.Gamini de Alwis, University of
Colombo

31

prof : W.P.Gamini de Alwis, University of

Colombo

32

The psychological contract

Different approaches

Is essentially a set of expectations.

contribution

employer

employee

Scientific approach
Human relation approach
Contingency approach
Total Quality approach

inducement

prof : W.P.Gamini de Alwis, University of

Colombo

Individual level
Diversity, personality,
values
Group level
Group structure, group
roles, team
responsibilities
Organizational level
Structure, culture

Individual level
Emotions, motivation,
perception, decision
making
Group level
Communication,
leadership, power and
politics, conflict and
negotiation
Organizational level
HRM, change practices

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output

Model for understanding and managing

organizational behavior

Individual level
Attitudes and stress,
performance, citizenship
or withdrawal behavior

Understanding
& managing
individuals

Processes
Input

prof : W.P.Gamini de Alwis, University of

Colombo

33

Group level
Group cohesion, group
functioning

Organizational level
Productivity, survival

Responsible for
Achieving
Effectiveness
Through
others

Understanding
& managing
groups

Organizational
effectiveness

Understanding
& managing
Organizational
processes
prof : W.P.Gamini de Alwis, University of
pu
Colombo

35

prof : W.P.Gamini de Alwis, University of

Colombo

36

Elements of OB
Managing
individuals

Basic attributes
of individuals
Individual
Motivation
Individual job
design

Managing
Groups

Managing
organization

Basic attributes
of
groups

Managing
Processes

Basic attributes
of
organization

Decision making

Organizational
Dynamics

Communication

Organizational
design

leadership

Environmental
Context

Managing
Environment

Organizational
context

Managing changes

Managing culture

Managing stress

prof : W.P.Gamini de Alwis, University of

Colombo

performances

Cognitive
processes

Group dynamics
Work group
design

Dynamics

prof : W.P.Gamini de Alwis, University of

Colombo

37

Individual level
variables

Implications for Managers

OB helps with:

Group level
variables

Insights to improve people skills

Valuing of workforce diversity
Empowering people and creating a positive
work environment
Dealing with labor shortages
Coping in a world of temporariness
Creating an ethically healthy work
environment

Human
output

Organizational level
variables
prof : W.P.Gamini de Alwis, University of
Colombo

39

1-40

prof : W.P.Gamini de Alwis, University of

Colombo

38

Scope of OB
Individual behavior
Group behavior
Organization structure
and design
Organizational culture
Organizational change

Organizational
conflicts
Organizational stress
Organizational
communication
Formal and informal
systems

prof : W.P.Gamini de Alwis, University of

Colombo

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