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FOOT STEP POWER GENERATION
USING PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIAL
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Experiments have started this week at two of the Japanese capitals' busiest stations, with
special flooring tiles installed in front of ticket turnstiles. Every time a passenger steps on the mats,
they trigger a small vibration that can be stored as energy. Multiplied many times over by the
400,000 people who use Tokyo Station on an average day, according to East Japan Railway, and
there is sufficient energy to light up electronic signboards."We are just testing the system at the
moment to examine its full potential," said Takuya Ikeba, a spokesman for JR East, adding that the
tiles are constructed of layers of rubber sheeting, to absorb the vibrations, and ceramic.
Deeply dependent on imported fuel to power its industries, Japanese companies are at the
forefront of research into clean and reusable energy sources. On the other side of Tokyo, a
remarkable 2.4 million people pass through the sprawling Shibuya Station on an average week day,
with many of them now treading on Sound power Corp.'s "Power Generation Floor."
"An average person, weighing 60 kg, will generate only 0.1 watt in the single second required
to take two steps across the tile," said Yoshiaki Takuya, a planner with Sound power Corp. "But
when they are covering a large area of floor space and thousands of people are stepping or jumping
on them, then we can generate significant amounts of power."Stored in capacitors, the power can be
channeled to energy-hungry parts of the station, he said, including the electrical lighting system and
the ticket gates.
Human-powered transport has been in existence since time immemorial in the form of
walking, running and swimming. However modern technology has led to machines to enhance the
use of human-power in more efficient manner. In this context, pedal power is an excellent source of
energy and has been in use since the nineteenth century making use of the most powerful muscles in
the body. Ninety-five percent of the exertion put into pedal power is converted into energy. Pedal
power can be applied to a wide range of jobs and is a simple, cheap, and convenient source of
energy. However, human kinetic energy can be useful in a number of ways but it can also be used to
generate electricity based on different approaches and many organizations are already implementing
human powered technologies to generate electricity to power small electronic appliances.
Free play Energy Company (USA) has released a human-powered electricity generator for
commercial sale in which power is generated by pushing up and down with foot on a step-action
treadle. A similar, newly released portable energy source is a foot-powered device that allows
individuals to pump out power at a 40-watt clip to charge its own internal battery, which is capable
of providing a powerful jolt to car batteries and AC and DC devices. In another approach, if
everyone had small magnets in their shoes and the paving slabs had inter-connected coils cast inside,
all linked to batteries, electricity can be generated and the amount will depend on how many people
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CHAPTER 2
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Power
Supply Unit
Protector sheet
made from soft core
material
Piezoelectric
transducers
array
AC ripple
neutralizer
16X2 LCD
AT89S52
Unidirectional
Current
Controller
ADC
Voltage
Sampler
Rechargeabl
e Battery
Load
INVERTER
Figure 2.1: Block diagram of Foot Step Power Generation using Piezoelectric
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2.1 SENSOR:
A sensor is a device that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which can
be read by an observer or by an instrument. For example, mercury converts the measured
temperature into expansion and contraction of a liquid which can be read on a calibrated glass tube.
At thermocouple converts temperature to an output voltage which can be read by a voltmeter. For
accuracy, most sensors are calibrated against known standards.
effect to
Piezoelectric sensors have proven to be versatile tools for the measurement of various
processes. They are used for quality assurance, process control and for research and development in
many different industries it was only in the 1950s that the piezoelectric effect started to be used for
industrial sensing applications. Since then, this measuring principle has been increasingly used and
can be regarded as a mature technology with an outstanding inherent reliability. It has been
successfully used in various applications, such as in medical, aerospace, nuclear instrumentation, and
as a pressure sensor in the touch pads of mobile phones. In the automotive industry, piezoelectric
elements are used to monitor combustion when developing internal combustion engines. The sensors
are either directly mounted into additional holes into the cylinder head or the spark/glow plug is
equipped with a built in miniature piezoelectric sensor.
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of the crystal
changes.
This
effect
is
also
common
One disadvantage of piezoelectric sensors is that they cannot be used for truly static
measurements. A static force will result in a fixed amount of charges on the piezoelectric material.
While working with conventional readout electronics, imperfect insulating materials, and reduction
in internal sensor resistance will result in a constant loss of electrons, and yield a decreasing signal.
2.2 BATTERY:
Battery (electricity), an array of electrochemical cells for electricity storage, either
individually linked or individually linked and housed in a single unit. An electrical battery is a
combination of one or more electrochemical cells, used to convert stored chemical energy into
electrical energy. Batteries may be used once and discarded, or recharged for years as in standby
power applications. Miniature cells are used to power devices such as hearing aids and wristwatches;
larger batteries provide standby power for telephone exchanges or computer data centers.
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2.2.1 Features:
Electrolyte volume
PE Separators
Lead-acid batteries are normally available in blocks of 2V, 6V or 12V. In most cases, to
generate the necessary operating voltage and the capacity of the batteries for the Solar Inverter, many
batteries have to be connected together in parallel and/or in series. Following three examples are
shown:
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2.3 RECTIFIER:
The output from the transformer is fed to the rectifier. It converts A.C. into pulsating D.C.
The rectifier may be a half wave or a full wave rectifier. In this project, a bridge rectifier is used
because of its merits like good stability and full wave rectification.
The Bridge rectifier is a circuit, which converts an ac voltage to dc voltage using both half
cycles of the input ac voltage. The Bridge rectifier circuit is shown in the figure. The circuit has four
diodes connected to form a bridge. The ac input voltage is applied to the diagonally opposite ends of
the bridge. The load resistance is connected between the other two ends of the bridge.
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--
C=100F
D.C Out
C= 100F/60V
Fig 2.8: capacitor filter
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- 8K bytes
2) RAM
- 256 bytes
3) Timer
4) I/O pins
- 32
5) Serial port
6) Interrupt sources -
Here we are using AT89S52 to display the amount of battery get charged whenever we place
our foot on piezoelectric transducer.
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2.8 ADC:
An analog-to-digital converter (abbreviated ADC, A/D or A to D) is a device that converts a
continuous quantity to a discrete time digital representation. An ADC may also provide an isolated
measurement. The reverse operation is performed by a digital-to-analog converter (DAC).
Typically, an ADC is an electronic device that converts an input analog voltage or current to
a digital number proportional to the magnitude of the voltage or current. However, some nonelectronic or only partially electronic devices, such as rotary encoders, can also be considered ADCs
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2.8.2 Features:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Resolution 8 Bits
Total Unadjusted Error LSB and 1 LSB
Single Supply 5 V DC
Low Power 15 mW
Conversion Time 100 s
2.9 INVERTER:
An inverter is an electrical device that converts direct current (DC) to alternating
current (AC); the converted AC can be at any required voltage and frequency with the use of
appropriate transformers, switching, and control circuits.
Solid-state inverters have no moving parts and are used in a wide range of applications, from
small switching power supplies in computers, to large electric utility high-voltage direct
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CHAPTER 3
MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS
Wt in kg
0.012
10
0.024
20
0.06
50
0.09
75
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CHAPTER 4
COST ESTIMATION
Name of Equipment
Quantity
Price(Rs)
Total(Rs)
Piezoelectric Material
16
550
8800
250
250
Battery
1500
1500
Inverter
1500
1500
L.C.D. Display
250
250
2000
2000
Total
14300
Components
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CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION
1. The project POWER GENERATION USING FOOT STEP is successfully tested and
implemented which is the best economical, affordable energy solution to common people.
2. This can be used for many applications in rural areas where power availability is less or
totally absence As India is a developing country where energy management is a big challenge
for huge population. By using this project we can drive both A.C. as well as D.C loads
according to the force we applied on the piezo electric sensor.
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BIBLOGRAPHY
[1] Richard, Michael Graham, (2006-08-04). "Japan: Producing Electricity from Train Station
Ticket Gates". Tree Hugger. Discovery Communications, LLC.
[2]
New York
[7]
Man-Sang, Faculty of Science, Art and Heritage, University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,
86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia.
[8]
New
York:
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APPENDIX-A
POWER POINT SLIDE
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