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DC Machines II
For a
winding
back emf equations are:
a = ia
ea =
a =
ia
ea =
, K a , that
= ia K a
e = K a
Page 1 of 9
Consider Power
P = ia ea =
K =
{ K a
1
424
3
a
Pm
Pe =
Pm =
Mode
Direction of
Direction of terminal
and rotational
and armature
are the
are the
Mode
Direction of torque and rotational velocity are
Direction of terminal voltage and armature current are
Page 2 of 9
and
in the circuit
Ra is armature resistance
La are armature inductance
The terminal voltage is then given by:
vt =
The non-ideal mechanical equations for this are then:
e =
e
m
fric
J load
J machine
[
]
moment of inertia for the machine [Kg m ]
mechanical load moment of inertia Kg m
Page 3 of 9
Excited Motors
We can create our magnetic field with an exciter instead of a permanent
magnet
Torque
Back EMF
= ia K a
ea = K a
= ia K a f i f
N
f
1
424
3
= K a f i f
N
f
1
424
3
= ia Laf i f
ea = Laf i f
Field Voltage
vf = Rf if + Lf
di f
dt
Terminal Voltage
vt = Raia + La
dia
+ ea
dt
Page 4 of 9
vf =
vt =
Motor Connections
We can connect these windings in various configurations:
Excited
Excited
Excited
Shunt Connection
Field winding is designed for up to rated
voltage
Field winding has
number of turns
Field current is
compared to armature current
Series Connection
Field winding is designed for up to rated armature
Field winding has
number of turns
Field current is the same as the
current
Page 5 of 9
We can also have motors where there are two field windings
-Shunt Compound
-Shunt Compound
Separately Excited
vf = Rf if
vt = Ra ia + ea ea =
= ia Laf i f ia =
ea = i f Laf =
ea
=
i f Laf
i f Laf
Vt ia Ra
V
i R
V
Ra
= t a a = t
i f Laf
i f Laf i f Laf i f Laf (i f Laf
Vt
Ra
=
i f Laf (i f Laf
Page 6 of 9
Shunt Excited
vf =
= Rf if if =
Rf
vt = Ra ia + ea ea = vt ia Ra
ea
V i R
V i R
= t a a = t a a
i f Laf
i f Laf
= ia Laf i f ia =
Vt ia Ra
=
Vt
Laf
Rf
Laf i f
Vt
Ra i a
Rf
Laf
Ra
Rf
Laf
R f Ra
2
Vt Laf
Page 7 of 9
Series Excited
vf = Rf if =
vt = Ra ia + R f ia + ea
ea =
ea
V i (
= t a
i f Laf
ia Laf
= ia Laf i f =
Vt ia (Ra + R f
ia Laf
ia =
)=
ia (Ra + R f )
Vt
=
ia Laf
ia Laf
Vt
Ra + R f
Laf
Ra + R f
Vt
=
Laf
Laf
2
Vt Laf
(Laf + Ra + R f )2
Page 8 of 9
Compound Motors
Page 9 of 9