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Pressure Vesel Engineering Software
Inside Pressurized Shell and Pipe You are here
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Inside Pressurized Shell and Pipe
Codes: VIII div1 A2000, UG-32, UCS-79(d)

Features:
- Required minimum thickness
- Maximum working pressure
- Material Size, Weight and Volume
- UCS-79 stress relief
- Under-tolerance chart for most ASME IIA and IIB
materials
- Pipe Chart

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Pipe and Shell ver 2.1Excel 97/2000 - Zip Compressed

Latest Versions:
This web page - Mar 8
2002
Pipe And Shell - Version
2.1

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Use at your own risk

Commentary:
See Appendix L of ASME VIII div 1 for sample pipe and shell calculations.
Need help on a pressure vessel project?
Contact Pressure Vessel Engineering for a quote
Phone - (519) 880-9808
Pressure Vessel Engineering Limited
Fax - (519) 880-9810
155 Frobisher Drive, Unit F-220
www.pveng.com
Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
N2V 2E1

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Pressure Vesel Engineering Software

Inside Pressurized Heads You are here
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Inside Pressurized Heads
Codes: VIII div1 1998 A2000 section UG-32, App. 1-4, UCS-79(d), UG-32 (f) and UG-37 1(a)

Program Features:
- Required minimum thickness
- Maximum working pressure
- Hemispherical limit for openings (F&D and
Elliptical heads only)
- Reduced thickness requirement for reinforcing
in the hemispherical limit (F&D and Elliptical
heads only)
- Approximate raw material size (except
toriconical), finished weight and volume
- If stress relief is required
- Useful dimensions are provided to make a
quick and exact CAD drawing (F&D heads only)

Download
4 Head Spreadsheets - Excel 97/2000 - Zip
Compressed

Latest Versions:
This web page - Mar 8 2002
Elliptical Head - Version 2.11 - March 2002
Flanged and Dished Head - Version 2.13 March 17 2002
Heispherical Head - Version 1.1 - Oct 24/2000
(2000 Code Version - not updated to 2001
code)
Toriconical Head - Version 1.1 - Oct 24/2000
(2000 Code Version - not updated to 2001
code)

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Use at your own risk

Commentary:
Flanged and Dished (F&D) and Elliptical heads can be built according to UG-32 which
specifies the forming dimensions, or by App-1-4 which allows the design to be customized within
allowable limits. Both spreadsheets provides UG-32 dimensions as a starting point, and allows them to
modified to meet the requirements of the design.
The F&D spreadsheet calculates the exact dimensions of the head. Drawing instructions for
making an exact drawing are included, along with the critical dimensions. The F&D volume calculations
have not been verified, but are close (within 2-3%) of the values in the "Pressure vessel handbook".
Consider Elliptical heads instead of F&D heads when: 1) the diameter is larger than 8ft. F&D
heads are thicker than Elliptical and can be costlier. and 2) Elliptical heads with a larger Rf might not
need to be heat treated.
You need to contact your head supplier for information regarding the amount that heads are
reduced in thickness during forming. I use values of 1/16" for heads up to 1/2" thick, 3/32 for heads up
to 7/8" thick and 1/8" for thicker heads for preliminary designs and quotations.
Run the appropriate allowed joint efficiency spreadsheet first to calculate the required value for
E.
The calculated blank diameters for the heads are an aproximation. The weight of heads is an
approximation based on the blank diameter and is only accurate for carbon steel.
See Appendix L for sample calculations.

Need help on a pressure vessel project?

Contact Pressure Vessel Engineering for a quote
Phone - (519) 880-9808
Pressure Vessel Engineering Limited
Fax - (519) 880-9810
155 Frobisher Drive, Unit F-220
www.pveng.com
Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
N2V 2E1

www.pveng.com - Home
Pressure Vesel Engineering Software

Universal Nozzle Calculator You are here

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Universal Nozzle Calculator

Program Features:
- Area Replacement
- Geometry Checks
- Weld Strength
- UG-45 Checks
- Fully illustrated

Latest Versions:
This web page - July 2002
Universal Nozzle Calculator - Version 3.0

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Nozzle30.zip Excel 97/2000 - Zip Compressed

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Use at your own risk

Commentary:
This spreadsheet calculates nozzles according to the rules from ASME VIII Div 1
UG-37 to 45. Geometry restrictions - such as minimum weld size - specific to each nozzle
design are calculated. The area replacement rules are used to calculate if the nozzle has
adequate reinforcement. Weld strengths are calculated for those nozzles that require it
according to UW-15.
For some nozzles, calculations beyond what this type of nozzle calculator can do
are required to design a safe pressure vessel. Refer to UG-36 for cases where Appendix
1-7 calculations or other more advanced methods are required. Keep in mind that these
calculations are not based on any form of stress calculation, but rather on traditional rules
that have been used for countless years. If your nozzle configuration is unusual, be very
careful in its design.
How to use this spreadsheet: Choose a nozzle design from the drop down list in
the blue setup area. The available nozzle designs can be viewed by scrolling the
spreadsheet to the right. Only nozzle designs shown in the list can be calculated. Choose
the calculation options - Hillside nozzle, Limit diameter and whether the nozzle is in a flat
head or into a curved shell or head.
Need help on a pressure vessel project?

Contact Pressure Vessel Engineering for a quote

Phone - (519) 880-9808
Pressure Vessel Engineering Limited
Fax - (519) 880-9810
155 Frobisher Drive, Unit F-220
www.pveng.com
Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
N2V 2E1

www.pveng.com - Home
Pressure Vessel Design Charts You are here

Search this web site

Pressure Vessel Design Charts

This Section is Under Development

Commentary:
Although not suited for final vessel calculations, design charts can be very useful for preliminary design and
quotation purposes. The charts on this page provide pressure ratings, weight and volume for various sizes and wall
thicknesses of components. The charts on this page are in pdf format - adobe pdf reader version 4.0 or later is
required to view or print them.
To use these charts, you will need to know the rated stress for the materials you will be using. Currently, the
rated stresses for pressure vessels are found in the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section II part D - about 6
pounds of paper covering thousands of materials. The material design temperature is also required to lookup
material properties. You will also need to know what joint efficiency to use - a deep and difficult subject.

Example:
Your task is to quote a vessel made of SA-516 70 material that will operate at 100 psi at 200F. The tank
needs to have a volume of 100 cubic feet. The customer prefers elliptical heads. What is the best diameter and size
to use? How much will it weigh? How long will it be?
Step 1 - Material Ratings - from ASME IID, at 200F, SA-516 70 has a rating of 20,000 psi. So the 20,000
psi charts will be used.
Step 2 - Efficiency - from previous jobs, you know that radiography will not be used, The efficiencies used in
past jobs have been 0.85 for the head and 0.7 for the circ and long seam welds on the rolled shell.
Step 3 - Get the correct charts - 20,000psi rating charts for Rolled or Machined Cylinders, and 2:1 Semi
Elliptical Heads
Step 4 - Choose Diameter - Ignoring the heads, how long would the shell have to be get 100 cubic feet
volume? 36" dia - aprox 7 cuft per ft - or 14 ft long. 48" dia - aprox 12 cuft per ft = 8.3 ft long. 60" dia - aprox 19.5
cuft per ft or 5 ft long. The 4 ft diameter tank seems a good start.
Step 5 - Pick a shell wall thickness - According to the Rolled or Machined Cylinders chart, at 48" diameter,
E = 0.7, a 3/16" wall is adequate for 110 psi. Based on previous experience, you decide that a 1/4" shell will be
easier to fabricate.
Step 6 - Pick a head thickness - According to the 2:1 Semi Elliptical Heads chart, at 48" diameter, E = 0.85,
a a 3/16" wall head is good for 134 psi. note: this is the guaranteed minimum thickness after forming. The head
fabricator will normally need a thicker plate to guarantee the after forming thickness. In this case, they might use a
1/4" flat plate prior to forming.
Step 7 - Volume and Weight - 48" 2:1 SE head made from 1/4" plate - volume = 8.1cuft, weight = 178lbs.
Required volume of shell = 100cuft - 2*8.1 = 83.8 cuft. for 1/4" shell, volume = 12.3cuft/ft. Required length =
83.8/12.3 = 6.8ft - use 7ft = 84" - volume of shell = 86.1 cuft. Weight of shell = 127.6lbs/ft x 7 = 893 lbs. Total weight
= 127.6lbs (shell) + 2*178 (head) = 483 lbs. Total volume = 86.1 cuft (shell) + 2*8.1 cuft (heads) = 102.3 cuft.
Step 8 - Length - 7 ft of shell = 84" = 2*12.13 head height = 108.26"
Step 9 - Skirt on Heads - Heads are normally made with a straight skirt. The head in this example is often
made with a 1 1/2" skirt. To keep the length, volume and weight calculated above, the shell would have to be
shortened by 3" to compensate for the skirts.

F&D Head Notes:

The F&D heads in these charts are based on the ASME specification from ASME Boiler and Pressure
vessel code Section VIII-1 UG-32(d). These heads have an inside crown radius = outside diameter of the skirt.
Other crown radii are allowe under ASME VIII-1 Appendix 1-4(d). A crown radius 6" less than the outside diameter is
fairly common, but this and any other variation on the head dimensions will not work with these charts.

Semi Elliptical Head Notes:

Like the F&D heads, a large variety of elliptical height to diameter ratios are allowed in ASME VIII 1-4(c).
The 2:1 Semi Elliptical charts only work with heads formed to a 2:1 ratio per ASME VIII-1 UG-32(d).

Pipe Notes:
ANSI/ASME B36.10M - 1995 covers the dimensions of pipe. The diameters and wall thickness in the charts
on this web page are based on the presentation of this standard found in the twenty-sixth edition of the Machinery's
Handbook pages 2504-2506. Trivia from the handbook:
[The]ODwasoriginallyselectedsothatpipewithastandardODandhavingawall
thicknessthatwastypicaloftheperiodwouldhaveaninsidediameter(ID)approximately
equaltothenominalsize.althoughthereisnownosuchrelationbetweentheexisting
standardthicknesses,ODsandnominalsizes,thesenominalsizesandstandardODs
continueinuseas"standard"
The ANSI/ASME B36.10M - 1995 standard does not cover all of the commonly used wall thickness especially thin wall pipes. My collection of pipe charts also disagrees on what to call items such as schedule 5, 10,
10S, and sometimes, what the wall thickness should be. My solution is to leave the names off of some of the wall
thicknesses. Remember to check with your vendor to make sure that the pipe that meets your pressure requirement
is really available.
For many common pipe specs, mills are allowed a generous under-tolerance on the wall thickness. Ie, the
wall can be thinner than specified when purchasing the product. The most commonly allowed under-tolerance is
12.5%. A pipe specified with a 1" thick wall and a 12.5% undertolerance could be shipped with a wall of 0.875
inches. This 12.5% under-tolerance has been removed from the pipe wall thickness in the pipe charts. Allowable
under-tolerance varies from from 5% to 15%, or is sometimes specified as a fixed dimension. See specs SA-530
and SA-450 from ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section IIA. The Pipe and Shell Spreadsheet contains
under-tolerance charts for most common pipe and tube specs.

ASME Ratio Flanged and Dished Heads (F&D):

Flanged and Dished Head made of 20,000 psi rated materials
Flanged and Dished Head made of 18,000 psi rated materials
Flanged and Dished Head made of 16,000 psi rated materials
Flanged and Dished Head made of 14,000 psi rated materials
Flanged and Dished Head made of 12,000 psi rated materials
Flanged and Dished Head made of 10,000 psi rated materials
Flanged and Dished Head made of 8,000 psi rated materials
Flanged and Dished Head made of 6,000 psi rated materials
Flanged and Dished Head made of 4,000 psi rated materials
Flanged and Dished Head made of 2,000 psi rated materials

2:1 Semi Elliptical Heads:

Semi Elliptical made of 20,000 psi rated materials
Semi Elliptical made of 18,000 psi rated materials
Semi Elliptical made of 16,000 psi rated materials
Semi Elliptical made of 14,000 psi rated materials
Semi Elliptical made of 12,000 psi rated materials
Semi Elliptical made of 10,000 psi rated materials
Semi Elliptical made of 8,000 psi rated materials
Semi Elliptical made of 6,000 psi rated materials
Semi Elliptical made of 4,000 psi rated materials
Semi Elliptical made of 2,000 psi rated materials

Rolled Plate or Machined Cylinders:

Rolled Plate or Machined Cylinder made of 20,000 psi rated materials

Rolled Plate or Machined Cylinder made of 18,000 psi rated materials
Rolled Plate or Machined Cylinder made of 16,000 psi rated materials
Rolled Plate or Machined Cylinder made of 14,000 psi rated materials
Rolled Plate or Machined Cylinder made of 12,000 psi rated materials
Rolled Plate or Machined Cylinder made of 10,000 psi rated materials
Rolled Plate or Machined Cylinder made of 8,000 psi rated materials
Rolled Plate or Machined Cylinder made of 6,000 psi rated materials
Rolled Plate or Machined Cylinder made of 4,000 psi rated materials
Rolled Plate or Machined Cylinder made of 2,000 psi rated materials

Pipe:
- Pressure rating for wall thickness at E = 1.0
- Pressure rating for wall thickness at E = 0.85
- Volume per foot
- Weight per foot (for carbon steel)
Pipe made of 20,000 psi rated materials
Pipe made of 18,000 psi rated materials
Pipe made of 16,000 psi rated materials
Pipe made of 14,000 psi rated materials
Pipe made of 12,000 psi rated materials
Pipe made of 10,000 psi rated materials
Pipe made of 8,000 psi rated materials
Pipe made of 6,000 psi rated materials
Pipe made of 4,000 psi rated materials
Pipe made of 2,000 psi rated materials

80:10 Flanged and Dished Heads (F&D):

80:10 Flanged and Dished Head made of 20,000 psi rated materials
80:10 Flanged and Dished Head made of 18,000 psi rated materials
80:10 Flanged and Dished Head made of 16,000 psi rated materials
80:10 Flanged and Dished Head made of 14,000 psi rated materials
80:10 Flanged and Dished Head made of 12,000 psi rated materials
80:10 Flanged and Dished Head made of 10,000 psi rated materials
80:10 Flanged and Dished Head made of 8,000 psi rated materials
80:10 Flanged and Dished Head made of 6,000 psi rated materials
80:10 Flanged and Dished Head made of 4,000 psi rated materials
80:10 Flanged and Dished Head made of 2,000 psi rated materials

Hemispherical Heads:
Hemispherical Heads Head made of 20,000 psi rated materials
Hemispherical Heads Head made of 18,000 psi rated materials
Hemispherical Heads Head made of 16,000 psi rated materials
Hemispherical Heads Head made of 14,000 psi rated materials
Hemispherical Heads Head made of 12,000 psi rated materials
Hemispherical Heads Head made of 10,000 psi rated materials
Hemispherical Heads Head made of 8,000 psi rated materials
Hemispherical Heads Head made of 6,000 psi rated materials
Hemispherical Heads Head made of 4,000 psi rated materials
Hemispherical Heads Head made of 2,000 psi rated materials