1.

Copper sulfate, potassium nitrate, and sodium chloride are dissolved in the same solution and
have similar solubilities. How could you recover most of the copper sulfate from the mixture?
Distillation could also be used the liquids must have different boiling points. Each component of
the mixture is boiled and collected. The lowest boiling fraction is collected first. Distillation could
be the best and most effective because since each component of the mixture is boiled and
collected. (See #9 for picture of distillation)
2. The solids with different solubilities, which fluoresce when exposed to UV light.
The paper chromatography would work
the best when two solids with different
solubilities, which fluoresce when
exposed to UV light. Chromatography is a
method used to analyze complex mixtures
by separating them into chemicals from
which they are made. With paper, it can
be used to identify mixtures that are or
can be coloured, especially pigments.
This technique would be effective for
separation because it would separate the
solids into the chemicals they are made up of.
3. Separating different solid cellular components (ribosomes,
DNA, etc.) based on density.
The gravity separation would work the best in this situation of
separating different solid cellular components based on
density. Gravity separation separated substances based on
their densities. Substances that are the densest will stay in the
bottom. Another type if gravity separation involves using a
centrifuge (something that spins around rapidly causing the
solid materials to collect in the bottom of the test tube.). This
would be effective in this situation because these cellular
components are based on density and gravity separation isolates the desired substances from
the mixtures using densities.

4. Pablo Escobar hid 20 kilos of Columbian pure (cocaine) in innocent looking bags of flour to
smuggle it into the US. How could he separate it from the flour once he got it into the states?

Solvent extractions would work the best in this situation. Solvent extractions are used to
separate a solid from a mechanical mixture or a dissolved liquid from a liquid solution. Solvent
extractions use the solubilitys of the different substances to start the separation process. This
would be effective because the cocaine and flour are a mechanical mixture, and for Pablo to
extract the cocaine from the mixture of flour/cocaine he would use this extraction.
5. Collecting the pulp from the orange juice to make
pulp-less OJ.
Filtration would work best in this situation. Filtration is
used to separate a mechanical mixture of liquids and
solids. An apparatus is set up and the liquid is passed
through a filter. This process is effective because any
material that remains in the filter paper is the residue.
The residue being the pulp and the filtrate being the
pulp-less orange juice.

6. Separating nails out of the lawn after putting a new roof on a house.
The technique would be hand separation, which is basically something that is separated by hand
because the various components can be easily seen. This would be effective because you cant
really use any other separation technique but using your hands to remove nails or in this case a
hammer or physical thing. A general picture of someone picking up a nail or using a hammer
would be seen in this technique.
7. A solution containing a non-polar product as well as many impurities (other solutes). The
non-polar product dissolves in oil (Called an organic solvent in chemistry), but the impurities
are only soluble in water-based solvents.
Recrystallization is dissolving both impurities and a compound in an appropriate solvent, either
the desired compound or impurities can be brought out of a solution, leaving the others behind.
A crystal is often formed. This method would be effective because the solution has a non-polar
product as well as impurities. The goal would be to dissolve the impurities and leave the nonpolar in the mixture. Which if succeeded would result in separation.

8. Extracting salt from salt water.

The best way to extract salt from salt water is to use

evaporation. Evaporation is used to separate a solid in
liquid solution. This technique is effective because the
liquid is evaporated (salt water) and the solid residue will
remain in the flask (salt).
9. To make alcohol from fruit you let the fruit rot until you have a container filled with gross
smelling liquid fruit. How could you separate the liquid alcohol from this mixture of many
other liquids?
The best way to separate the liquid alcohol from this mixture
of many other liquids would to use distillation. The liquids
must have different boiling points. Each component of the
mixture is boiled and collected. The lowest boiling fraction is
collected first. This way is effective because the alcohol is
made but the other mixture of many other liquids are
distilled. The end would result with clean liquid alcohol.